nacto ssti webinar nov19 20131

8/18/2019 Nacto Ssti Webinar Nov19 20131

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The future of city streets: NACTO

Urban Street Design Guide

November 19, 2013

November 19, 2013


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• Executive-levelCommunity of

Practice

• Technical assistance

• Resource for thetransportation

community

The future of city streets: NACTO Urban Street Design Guide 2

State Smart Transportation Initiative

Practical Solutions to Move America Forward. A network of reform-oriented state DOTs, founded in 2010

and housed at the University of Wisconsin.

November 19, 2013


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Agenda

Background and Driving Principles

David Vega-Barachowitz, NACTO

Interim Design StrategiesMichael Flynn, NYC DOT

Design Controls

Peter Koonce, Portland


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Background


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Published

September 2013

Published March 2011

Second Edition Fall 2012


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New York City Street

Design Manual, 2nd Ed.

2013

Boston Complete Streets Guidelines, 2012


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Urban Bikeway Design Guide 2011-12


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The Urban Street Design Guide


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Downtown 1-Way Street

Downtown 2-Way Street

Downtown Thoroughfare

Neighborhood Main StreetNeighborhood Street

Yield Street

Boulevard

Residential Boulevard

Transit Corridor

Green Alley

Commercial AlleyResidential Shared Street

Commercial Shared Street


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Lane Width

Sidewalks

Curb ExtensionsGateway

Pinchpoint

Chicane

Bus Bulbs

Transit StreetsDedicated Curbside/Offset Bus Lanes

Dedicated Median Bus Lanes

Contra-Flow Bus Lanes

Bus Stops

Stormwater ManagementBioswales

Flow-Through Planters

Pervious Strips

Pervious Pavement

Vertical Speed

Control ElementsSpeed Hump

Speed Table

Speed Cushion


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Moving the curb

Parklets

Temporary Street ClosuresInterim Public Plazas


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Raised Intersections

Mini RoundaboutComplex Intersections

Principles

Major Intersections

Intersections of Major

and Minor Streets


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Crosswalks and CrossingsCrosswalks

Conventional Crosswalks

Midblock Crosswalks

Pedestrian Safety Islands

Corner Radii

Visibility/Sight Distance

Traffic SignalsSignalization Principles

Leading Pedestrian Interval

Split-Phasing

Signal Cycle Lengths

Fixed vs. Actuated Signalization

Coordinated Signal Timing


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Design Speed

Design Vehicle

Design Hour

Design Year

Performance Measures

Functional Classification


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NACTO.ORG/USDG


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Shared Streets


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Public Plazas: Before


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Public Plazas: After


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Levels of Guidance

Critical Recommended Optional


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Streets Are

Public Spaces

Great Streets are

Great for Businesses

Streets Can

Be Changed

Design for

Safety

Streets are

Ecosystems

Act Now!


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Streets Are Public Spaces

University City District


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Great Streets are Great for Business

NYC DOT


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Streets can be Changed

City of Atlanta


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Design for Safety

Nelson\Nygaard


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Streets are Ecosystems


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Act Now!


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Existing


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Interim

i


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Reconstruction


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Street Design in Context


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Using the Guide: The Next Steps


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THANK YOU


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Interim Design Strategies


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Act Now!

Implementing projects quicklyusing low-cost materials helps

inform public decision making.

Cities across the U.S. have begun

using a phased approach to major

redesigns, where interim materials

are used in the short term and

later replaced by permanent

materials once funding is available

and the public has tested the

design thoroughly.


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Typical Challenges for Long-Term Projects

• Funding

• Support from Public & Businesses

• Support from Elected Officials

• Design Approvals

• Environmental Approvals


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Interim Treatments


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Interim Treatments

• Signs

• Signals• Roadway Markings

• Planters & Trees

• Tables, Benches & Chairs


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Interim Treatments


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Interim Treatments

• Signs




•

Colored Lanes (bike/bus)• Surface Treatments

(epoxied gravel; paint)

• Stones/Boulders

• Superficial Construction

(islands, etc)


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Interim Treatments


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Interim Treatments

• Signs




•

Colored Lanes (bike/bus)• Surface Treatments

(epoxied gravel; paint)

• Stones/Boulders

• Superficial Construction

(islands, etc)

• Programming & Events

• Part-Time Closures

• Flexible Parking Lane

Implementation Options


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Implementation Options

InterimQuick: Months

Low-Cost: $00,000s

Fewer ApprovalsLimited Design Options

Short/Medium-Term Impact

ConstructionSlow: Years

Costly: $000,000s+

More ApprovalsUnlimited Design Options

Long-Term Impact


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Benefits of Interim

Implementation

• Quickly reallocate space

and deliver results

(safety, placemaking,

retail traffic, etc.)• Establish a precedent –

prove the design works

• Build public and

political support

• Allow time to put

together funding


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EVENTUALLY YOU NEED TO MAKE THINGS PERMANENT.


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EVENTUALLY YOU NEED TO MAKE THINGS PERMANENT.

2-Phased Implementation


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2-Phased Implementation


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EXISTING CONDITIONS


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INTERIM REDESIGN


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RECONSTRUCTION


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Interim Design

Strategies

• Moving the Curb

• Parklets

• Temporary Street

Closures

• Interim Public

Plazas

Moving the Curb


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Moving the Curb

Interim Sidewalk Widening

Moving the Curb


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Moving the Curb

Interim Sidewalk Widening

Moving the Curb


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Moving the Curb

Traffic Calming

Moving the Curb


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Moving the Curb

Traffic Calming

Moving the Curb


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Moving the Curb

Bike Corrals

Moving the Curb


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Moving the Curb

Bike Corrals

Moving the Curb


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Moving the Curb

Bike Share

Moving the Curb


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Moving the Curb

Bike Share

Parklets


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Parklets

Parklets


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Parklets

Parklets


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Parklets

Parklets


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Temporary Street Closures


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p y



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p y

Play Street



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p y

Play Street



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p y

Pedestrian Street



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p y

Pedestrian Street



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p y

Market



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p y

Open Streets


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p y

Open Streets



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p y

Open Streets


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Interim Public Plazas


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NYC Plaza Program

From Roberto Clemente Plaza

Community Design Charrette



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Blue Existing plazaproject

Red Lack of Open Space

Yellow Low-Mod Income

Orange Lack of Open Space

& Low-Mod Income

NYC Plaza Program

Prioritizes High-Need Areas



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NYC Plaza Program

Selection Criteria

• Lack of Open Space

• Demonstrated Community Initiative

• Supportive Site Context

• Community Org. Capacity

• Low- or Moderate-Income

Neighborhood



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NYC Plaza Program

Public Outreach & Design Charrettes



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NYC Plaza ProgramMaintenance Partner

Outreach

Design

Maintenance• Sweeping/Litter removal

• Trash bagging & removal

• Snow & Ice removal

• Graffiti removal

• Paving repair/replacement

• Cleaning furniture

• Repairing/repainting furniture

• Pest control

• Horticulture (planting/watering)

Insurance/Indemnity

Programming & Events

Funding Plan

City

Design

Engineering

Permanent ArtConstruction

Site Inspection



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NYC Plaza Program

Partner Funding Sources

• Sub-Concessions (food, etc)

• Limited Sponsorships

• Commercial Events

More than Just Creating the Space


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Community partnership is key:• Activating the space – programming & events

• Creating a year-round destination

• Maintenance and sense of ownership

• Connected to (and reflective of) community


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Design Controls


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Design Speed

Design Vehicle

Design Hour

Design Year

Performance Measures

Functional Classification


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High-quality design for city streets and intersections relies

on a keen understanding of the analytical processes and

assumptions underlying those technical decisions that

shape streets.


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Design Controls should work towards your intended

outcome, not against it.


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Design Hour

Common practice:Study the peak 15 minutes of

traffic using the Highway


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traffic using the Highway

Capacity Manual

Peak Hour Design


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“in urban design, the 30th highest hourly volume canbe a reasonable

representation of dailypeak hour”

“ the use of average hourlytraffic would result in an

inadequate design”

– AASHTO 2.3.2

NACTO Recommends


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• Assess more than the peak hour or 15-mins• Identify peak spreading opportunities


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Design Hour Objective

Streets designed for peak intervals of traffic may fail to


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g jprovide a safe and attractive environment during other

portions of the day.

From 8 AM to 8 PM


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8:00 AM

Mobility

12:00 PM

Accessibility focus – pedestrians

during the lunch hour

8:00 PM

Neighborhood emphasis –

bicycle and other local traffic


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Design Year

Projection of Future Traffic Demands


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“Many highway engineers

believe the maximum

design period is in the

range of 15 to 25 years”

Design Year vs. Actual Trend


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Problems with Design Year


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• Unconstrained vehicle demand for 20+ years

• Straight line growth projection

• Underlying goals of congestion reduction and highway

project selection

Design Year Excess Space


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g p

Design Year under the Climate Lens


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• Greenhouse Gastargets result in

mode split goals

• Plan identifiespolicies and actions

to meet objectives


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Performance Measures: Definition of Failure


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Skagit River Bridge

Potential Performance Measures


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Delay per vehicle

Crashes per mile of

highway Mode split


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Performance Measures: Mode Split Targets


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Highway Capacity Manual


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Highway Capacity Manualdefines failure as the

breakdown of flow; thethreshold where you reach

failure at signalizedintersections

80 second per vehicle

Commentary on the Highway Capacity Manual


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Pedestrians are modeled as “impediments” to

traffic, impacting flow

Pedestrian perspective delay is not considered

in the performance measure

Practice of eliminating crosswalks is a result of

insensitivity to importance of this mode

Level of Service at Signalized Intersections


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Today’s methodology doesn’t consider person delay or

other goals

Transit, pedestrian crossing, or bikes are largely

forgotten in these traditional methodologies/measures.

Vehicle standards do not accept 80 seconds of delay

per vehicle

No procedure to consider >80 seconds of delay for

pedestrians


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Measuring the Street


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Safety

o Reduce crashes

Placeso Reduce speeding

o Increased vitality

o Public sentiment

Network instead of Point Analysis


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• Fails to consider

completeness of the

system

• Point-level focus

• Limited tools for

engineers to make

“improvements”

Applying the USDG


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• Challenge assumptions

– Engineering details

– Planning forecasts

• Use policies to trump traditional practices

• Take responsibility for the “details”

Thank you for your Time


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Peter Koonce, P.E.

City of Portland

[email protected]• pkoonce


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Thank you! A recording of this webinar will be on the SSTI

website later today.

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nacto ssti webinar nov19 20131

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