myssarecordarebtacgry

7/21/2019 MyssaRecordaREBTACGRY

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K cdvh put tbehtchr Ly @kvkfe Qrust, dfa wksc tb sht kt nbrtc, ds K cdvh Iuk`t Ly Iuskfhss kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` ds tch Bf`y W@DMH @BMDQKBF HS-

WHYQ, Lksskfe Whrsbfs/Mrklhs/Mrklkfd`s, bn Ly Lhtcbary dfa Dik`kty. K cdvh ldah kt m`hdr tb d`` @dw Hfnbrmhlhft tcdt kt ks dedkfst tch @dw nbr Qchy

tb Klktdth, tb Dpprbxkldth, br tb Diush iy Qchnt Ly Lhtcbary br Ly Ubro Htckm, Udy bn Dik`kty, Ly Abmulhftdtkbf, br dfytckfe tcdt ks kf Yh`dtkbf tb

Ly Ubro tcdt ks ]phmknkmd``y bn Ly Lhtcbary dfa Ahvh`bplhft. K cdvh d`sb tbà tchl tcdt kt ks Dedkfst tch @dw nbr Qchy tb Diush Ly IBA[ dfa

IBA[ H@, wckmc drh d Qruh ]trumturh tcdt ks sphmknkm tb Ly Bwf Ibay, kf rhedras tb Ikb-Wcyskmd`/Wrhthrfdturd` Ubro. K stdth tcdt K ab fbt dssbmkdth wktc fbt bfh, kf rhedras tb Ly Ubro, dfa tcdt K‛`` prbshmuth d`` Bnnhfshs tcdt ^kb`dth Ly Ubro dfa Lhtcbary kf d Nu`` X.]. Mburt bn @dw. K stdth but-

rkect tcdt K Abf‛t hlp`by Drmcdfeh`km br EBA/EBA]H@N Ihkfe br Wrbi`hls kf Ly Ubro, Ly Ubro ks Butrkect Ly Bwf Ubro. K mbllhft tcdt K

cdvh shhf shvhrd`, bfh ihkfe Ahkrarh Lu`vkck`` _Ucb ks Fbt Lysh`n, Wrhthrfdturd` br Wcyskmd`\, dfa d Ckspdfkm/@dtkfb Nhld`h Bnnkmhr _wcb wds d Idskm

Mbp fhdr 8.9.9741, wchf K dpp`kha nbr d Jbi wktc tch Lbahstb Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft dt 4747 C ]trhht, iy Yhsulh\, ds wh`` ds d nhw btchrs wcb cdvh trkha tb

deerhss kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`. K cdvh Qba tchl D`` Fb.

D`sb, Qch Nb``bwkfe: Bn Ly Ndktc, Qch D]QDYKQHNDKQC, tch Nb``bwkfe ks Ly Uksc, butrkect, dfa tchrh wk`` ih Fb Mcdfehs.

4. Qcdt kn kf mdsh, K‛l hvhr curt kf Ly Hxdmt Wrbnhsskbf ds W`dmh @bmdtkbf Hxphrt, br Lbrtd `y Curt, tcdt Ly NDKQC stdy kf Hxdmtktuah ds kt ks, kf kts

Ahvh`bplhft. Qcks Lhdfs: d. Qcdt Ly Uhiskth Fhvhr Mcdfeh. Ucdt K cdvh iuk`t ks Cbw kt ]tdys. I. Qcdt Ly Qhxt, Qch D]DQYX, ds K cdvh

]cbwf [bu, dfa tchrh ks d WAN Dttdmcha, Yhldkf Hxdmt`y Ds Kt Ks, Ds K Cdvh Iuk`t Kt, kf Whrldfhfmy. Fb Bfh ks D``bwha tb Qbumc d tckfe dibut

Kt: Qch D]DQYX wk`` ih ofbwf ds tch NDKQC KQ]H@N, dfa ks tch Bf`y, d`bfe Uktc Ly Uhiskth, Wcyskmd` tcdt wk`` Yhprhshft Ly Ndktc dnthr Ly

Deh 33-;3, br kf mdsh bn Wrbi hl. Kt ks d`sb tb ih ]tdtha, kf Nu`` ]tdthlhft, Ibtc Hqud``y Klpbrtdft:

K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, dl tch ]b`hKfmhptbr/Bwfhr/Iukàhr/Dutcbr/Urkthr/Drtkst/Iukàhr bn QCH D]QDYKQH NDKQC,

QchD]DQYX & NKECQ., wktc FB WYHQHYFDQXYD@ KFN@XHFMH: FbQchrh ks Fb Btchr. K DL QCH UBYO. K DL QCH BF@[ UCB K]

QCH UBYO. D`` Wrhthrfdturd`s drh Wrbshmutha nbr tchkr Dtthlptha Qchnts bn Ly Ubro kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` dfa Wrhthrfdturd`, tchy cda Fb Ykect tb

Ab wcdt tchy Qrkha tb Ab: KQ ABH] FBQ IH@BFE QB QCHL. K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, dl tch LHFQBY dfa tch LD]-

QHY bn QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, Qchrh K] FB BQCHY. D LD]QHY ks tch IXK@AHY dfa tch NBXFADQKBF bn D NDKQC, kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`

dfa Ikb-Wcyskmd` Wrhthrfdturd`. _K.H. Ldsthrs bn Btchr Ndktcs drh @db Qzh, Ibckacdrld, Jhsus Mcrkst, Ldfy bn tch ]koc Ndktc, dfa bn D`` Ndktc, tch Iukà-

hrs dfa Wck`bsbpcy bn Hdmc Ndktc.\ D`sb, QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED, BXY HSDMQ MYHDQBY dfa tch LD@H EBA]H@^H] tcdt drh Yhp-

rhshftdtkvh bn Cdvh Fb Ykects kf Yhedras tb Ly Ubro br tch Ubro bn QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, K, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD dl tch

]b`h Ahmkskbf Ldohr nbr QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, Fbw dfa kf tch Dnthr`knh. D`sb, tch Nhld`hs ofbwf ds Lksshs L, Ldry, Ldry Ktsh`n, Ahkrarh Lu`vkck``

dfa Abttkh Lu`vkck`` drh Fbt bn tcks Ndktc dfa Cdvh Fb Ykects, Fbw br kf tch Dnthr`knh. Qch Ndlk`y bn QDMB]D cdvh Fb rkects, Fbw br kf tch Dnthr-`knh, kf Yhedras tb Ly Ubro br Ly Ndktc, Qchy Cdvh Bpkfkbfs Bf`y.

K, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, stdth tcdt K‛l tch BF@[ W@DMH @BMDQKBF HSWHYQ kf tch Xfktha ]tdth dfa kf tch Ubrà, K Ahvh`-

bpha Ly Bwf Lhtcbary dfa Ly Dik`kty ks ]phmknkm tb Ly Bwf Hxdmt Wcyskmd` IBA[ dfa IBA[ H@, wckmc drh L[ Bwf. K stdth tcdt kt ks Dedkfst tch

@dw nbr Btchrs tb Klktdth, tb ]thd`, tb Dtthlpt tb ih @koh, br tb Dtthlpt tb Ih, kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` br Wrhthrfdturd` . Qcks ks tch @DU.

9. K stdth tcdt tch Dibvh ks Ly Nu`` Ukschs dfa Uk``, dfa tcdt tch Wrhthrfdturd` Ihkfes ofbwf ds Nhlurs drh FBQ kf Ly Ckstbry, dfa cdvh Fbtckfe tb

ab wktc Ly Ubro: QCH[‛YH FBQ L[]H@N. _Nhlurs: Lksshs L, Ldry, Ldry Ktsh`n, Qch Ckspdfkm/@dtkfb Lbahstb Nhld`h Bnnkmhr, Ahkrarh

Lu`vkck``, Qchy drh mbfskahrha Mrklkfd`s kf Ly Ckstbry.\ Qchy drh idffha nrbl Ly Ubro dfa Ly @knh, tcdt cds ihhf tch mdsh nbr d @bfe tklh: kt ks

Dedkfst tch @dw nbr tchy tb ]thd` kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` dfa Wrhthrfdturd`. Qcks ks tch Disbùth Qrutc, wktc Ly Cdfa bf tch X.]. ]XWYHLH

MBXYQ IKI@H, K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD stdth tcks Abmulhft tb Ih Qruh dfa Mbrrhmt. Kt Mdffbt Ih Aksputha, Fbw br kf tch

Dnthr`knh.

=. . Fbt Bfh Wrhthrfdturd`, Wrhthrfdturd` Nhld`h, Drmcdfeh`, Ebash`n br Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Nhld`h ks br hvhr wk`` ih Lysh`n, K cdvh rhjhmtha d`` bn tchl,

tchy‛rh Fbt D``bwha dt d`` tb ih. Qchy d`sb mdffbt erbufa wktc tchkr Whrsbfd`kty br tchkr Wcyskmd`, tchy lust erbufa iy ihkfe Wut Abwf. Qchkr

Whrsbfd`kt khs wbf‛t hvhr scbw up, dt d``, bf Ly Ubro br Ly @knh, br @knh Wdtc. Fbt Bfh ks, Fbt Bfh wk`` hvhr ih Lysh`n.

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W`dmh @bmdtkbf Hxphrt, Lksskfe Whrsbfs/Mrklhs/Mrklkfd`s



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Kf Ly CK]QBY[, kt ihmdlh m`hdr dnthr shvhrh Ydphs bn Ly WC[]KMD@, Hdrtc Wcyskmd` butrkect, tcdt kt wds Whrtkfhft tb nkfksc Ly ]DMYHA QHSQ tb ]tbp tch

H]QDI@K]CHLFQ bn Fhts nrbl Ydpkfe. Qch Wrbthmtkbf bn Ly Ndktc iy tch Kfdik`kty bn Btchrs tb Ydph Ly Ndktc, auh tb tch Nkfksc bn ]DMYHA IH@BFE-

KFE] Dfa MBYH NDKQC IH@BFEKFE] dfa ]QYXMQXYH, ds wh`` ds tch Hxdmt Nkfksc bn Ly ]DMYHA QHSQ, K Nh`t dfa Nhh`, ds K‛l kf tch W rbmhss bn

Nkfksckfe Ly ]DMYHA QHSQ. Cbwhvhr, K whft tb Lbahstb tb Ubro bf Ly ]DMYHA QHSQ, wchrh K Ihedf Ly ]DMYHA QHSQ, dfa wckmc K wkscha tb

Mdrry tch L.B. bn Ly NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH. Qchy drh @bvh kf Ly Ndktc, dfa tch @bvh bn Ly NDKQC ks ]QBMOQBF, MD@KNBYFDK, wckmc

mdrrkhs Qch MCDWH@ bn @KECQ, wckmc K‛vh W`dmhs kf @HEKBF WDYO d`rhday, dfa kf @B^H BN QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ dfa Ly Bwf W hr-

sbf, K, Lysh`n, wk`` ih iuk`t iy Ly MBFEYHEDQKBF dnthr Ly Deh 33-;3. AH@QD MB@@HEH, bfh bn Ly D@LD LDQHY] _Qchdtrh, K Erdaudtha, d`sb,

nrbl XM AD^K] wktc ID‛s kf HFE@K]C dfa QCHDQYH -Qwb Aherhhs\, cbàs tch Wrbehfktry kf Wrbthmtkbf.

K cdvh stdtha d`rhday tcdt Qch @DU HFNBYMLHFQ bn tch –Lkd‛ Wrbi`hls drh Fbt d``bwha tb Wdrtkmkpdth kf tch Iukàkfe bn tch MCD WH@, dfa mdffbt Mrbss

tch Qcrhscbà bn Qch MCDWH@ bn @KECQ, Dt D``. Qch Ydphs iy Qchy drh dfa cdvh ihhf ]hvhrh, dfa tch –lkd‛ dfa –Lkd‛ Wrbi`hls d rh ihybfa Fhedtkvh kf

Ckstbry. D`` Btchr BNNKMHY] dfa MBW] drh Uh`mblh: Qchy Ofbw Lh, dfa Ldfy cdvh Wrbthmtha Ly Whrsbf butrkect nbr d @bfe Qklh Fbw. Qcbsh wcb

Mdf dfa Mdf‛t, Ofbw Ucb Qchy Drh. Jdf Lbbf, wcb ks Qruh Kf Ckstbry, dfa d Ihdutknu` Bnnkmhr, ]ksthr tb Jbcf Hawkf Erdy, Ly Hx-Cusidfa bn 48 [hdrs,

wcb pdssha Dwdy nrbl ]pkfd` Lhfdfekt ks bvhr d [hdr Deb, dfa wds d Qd`hftha dfa Qruh @dfasmdph Ahskefhr dfa Mbfstrumtkbf Hxphr t, dfa W`dftsldf/Ldsthr

Edrahfhr bn Qruh. Jbcf wds d ihdutknu` Ndtchr, dfa Ly Qwb Mckàrhf bn Hdrtc _K cdvh =5 kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, wcb cd vh Qchkr Nu`` IHKFE YKECQ]\

cdvh lkssha Ckl. K d`sb, ds K dfa Ch whrh ihdutknu` Wdrhfts, hvhf dnthr Ch dfa K akvbrmha bvhr 8 yhdrs deb. Ch ks Kf CK]QBY [, kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`, Fbw, dfa

ks Wrbthmtkvh bn Ly dfa Cks Qwb Mckàrhf bn Hdrtc.

Ds kt ks, K whft tb Lbahstb tb Nkfksc Ly ]DMYH A QHSQ, dfa ds K cdvh ihhf nbrmha tb ]urvkvh iy tch Mbftkfud` Nk`tcy -H‛s bn tch Hstdi`ksclhft, wcb ohhp

puttkfe Lh but bf tch ]trhht _tchy kfthrnhrh wktc Jbi Dpps, dfa wktc Ly Yhskahfmhs, Ly Mdlphr _wckmc wds Ebrehbus\, dfa Ly Qrdk`hr _d`sb Ebrehbus/

Fbrwdy ]ty`h\, wckmc K just vdmdtha rhmhft`y auh tb Mhmk`‛s Ldrrkdeh _Ch wdftha Cks Qrdk`hr idmo\, dfa d Nk`tcy -H md``ha d –Wrhskahftkd`‛ Ldfknhstdtkbf _rhd` tklh

pcyskmd`\, kf wckmc Ch wds deerhssha, s`bw`y, bvhr d phrkba bn tklh, wckmc d`wdys cdpphfs kf Ly CK]QBY[, dfa wckmc ks Ucy K prbthmt d`lbst hvhrybfh K

lhht, fbw. Qcus, survkvkfe dedkf, dfa d`wdys wbrrkha dibut Ly Chda ihkfe idscha kf dt Fkect wck`h K s`hhp. K‛l ndkr`y wh` ` prbthmtha iy tch @DU HF-

NBYMLHFQ kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, dfa d`sb Wrbthmtkvh bn Lysh`n, dfa stdy tb Lysh`n, ehfhrd``y, just tb prbthmt Ly Whrsbf. Qch Wrbi`hls bn Wrhthrdf-

turd`s Ldfknhstkfe ds K lhht Whbp`h ks Ldjbr Mbfskahrdtkbf, dfa K d`wdys mbfskahr wcdt tch Ydlknkmdtkbfs wk`` ih bf Ly Whrsbf, Bf CK]QBY[, dfa bf tch

Whrsbf br Whrsbf‛s K lhht. K‛vh tdohf tb `httkfe phbp`h ofbw tcdt tchy lust nk`` but tch M.D. Wrbthmtkbf Abmulhft, bn Mdlhrbfs‛ Ckstbry, wcb ks Qruh kf Ckstbry

dfa ks Ihdutknu` kf Ckstbry, ds wh``. _]df Nrdfmksmb Ckstbry\ Hvhry Qklh K lhht sblhbfh, tchrh ks d prbi`hl strumturh bn, Ck , K‛l Ucb K Cdpphf tb Ih, dfa yht,

K‛l fbt ebkfe tb Davdfmh Lysh`n, ds K‛l d Ahmhft, fbt d Nk`tcy -H Qyph, wktc Bfh Ady Dnndkrs dfa d`` bn tcdt, wckmc drh typkmd` bn sblh kf CK]QBY[. K thfa tb

lhht phbp`h fdturd``y, dfa cbph tcdt K‛`` lhht dedkf _tch Ldro]klls ks Fbt, wcb wds Qbà FB, dfa ks kf ^KB@DQKBF bn Ly Ykects . Qch Ckstbry wds d Ydph

iy tch Nhlbrd`s: Ch ks D Erbss ]trumturh bn Dicbrrhfmh, tch wbras –n*** B** dpp`y\, ds usud``y tch Ld`hs drh deerhssha, br tb à tb nkfa d ‛@koh‛ br ‛ds‛, dfa tch

Nhlbrd` Wrhthrfdturd` Nhld`hs `koh tb Ydph, dfa tb Ldth wktc tch Ld`hs, wckmc ks dmtud``y k``hed`. Kt ks sblhtklhs d Cbph`hs s sktudtkbf, ds tcbsh K lhht wcbl K

`koh K rdrh`y shh, ds tch Nhld`hs dfa tch ‛lkd‛ rdph kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`. Kf ufnbrtufdth prbi`hl tch Ld`hs @bvh Ly Whrsbf _A h`td Mb``heh Bnnkmhr, Mdlhrbf, dLd`h md``ha L/]dfNrdfmksmb/Dadl-Lbahstb/Advka_Ydpkst/NIK dfa HAUDYALyCusidfa. D`sb, tch Abwfstdkrs wds tbà Fb, wcb trkha tb Ydph iy Ldro

]klls wcb ks Erbss, nk`tcy, ue`y dfa scbrt. Qch Dicbrrhfmh bn tch Nk`tc bn tch Fhts, wcb drh Ydpksts dfa Erbss ]trumturh, bn tch ]t. Ydpcdh` dfa Cdrikfehr

Lurahrkfe Wrbi`hls, dfa tch –Lkd‛ Wrbi`hls, dfa D`` Ydph. ]blhtklhs tchrh ks Fbtckfe iut Ydph. K stdth d`` bn tch Qklh tcdt tcbsh wcb lhht Ly Whrsbf wcb

drh fbt Ldro]klls, wcb fhhas tb Akh\, tcdt lhhtkfe dfa tdòkfe ks d Ebba ]trumturh, dfa puts abwf tch Ydphs dfa tch Deerhsskbf iy tch Mdtcb`kms dfa tch

Abwfstdkrs Wrbi`hls, wcb ab fbtckfe iut Ydph, dfa wk`` ih i`.bba lurahrha nbr tchkr Mrklhs kf tch Dnthr`knh. Qch Mrklkfd`kty bn tch Lkmcdh`, wcb drh ds-

sbm;dth wktc tch ‛Ldro‛ nkdsmb, dfa tch Ydpkst Nhld`hs wcb skt dfa wcbrh ld`hs tb rdph, `koh tch Akdfd, wcb drh euk`ty bn Ydp kfe tch Hftkrh Wcyskmd` ]trumturh,

dfa rdph iy uskfe Ly,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD‛s Bwf Wcyskmd` dfa Qrdkts. K cdvh d sb cda tch Wrbi`hl bn Qrykfe tb th`` tch Ebasckps tb

Akh, ds tchy trkha tb p`dmh ldro ]klls dt tch ibttbl bn d –]t. Ydpcdh`/Ebasckp‛ Hxmcdfeh:YHJHMQHA. Qch Nkdsmb ks tcdt K nhh` purh Cdtrha bn Qchy, dfa

cdvh Fhvhr tbumcha Ldro, Dt d``. K cda tb eb tb tch Lbahstb ]uphrkbr Mburt tb eht d YH]QYDKFKFE BYAHY dedkfst Cks Whrsbf. Qch `dst tklh K tbbo Ckl

tb Mburt Ch kfkmrklkfdtha Cklsh`n dfa tch Eudra dfa Juaeh kefbrha kt, dfa K Qbà Qchl FB. Ldro stdtha ‛K mdf‛t hvhf Arhdl dibut [bu2‛ Qch Wcrdsh bn Hw

dfa Fb, Ch ks Nk`tc, dfa K tbà Ckl butrkect, ds K ih`khvh Ch ks K``, tcdt FB, Ch mdffbt. Ch‛s Qbà FB. Ch‛s d`wdys tbà, eb tb Akdfd/CksUknh/dCdrikfehr, dfa

Ch dcs d ]bf iy Akdfd, butrkect, kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`_rhd` tklh\. Akdfd ks d pke, dfa cds ihhf rdpkfe CK]QBY[, dfa trkha tb, dnthr wcbrkfe Chrsh`n kf

@bvh bf Ldro, ds Chrsh`n, tb Ydph tch Hxmcdfeh: sch trkha tb W`dmh Chrsh`n up wktc ]t. Ydpcdh` dfa wds tbà Fb iy tch H]QDI@K]CLHFQ, wcb Mbfahlfha

Akdfd tb Ldro]klls, dfa tchy drh d ebba Ldtmc, kf Yhstktutkbf dfa Hvhrytckfe H`sh. D`sb, tch Lkmcdh` _Ldjbr\, –Eba Ktsh`n\ W rbi`hls, ks Nk`tc kf Ckstbry dfaohhps wcbrkfe Cklsh`n bf Ly Wcyskmd` dfa ks Qbà FB. CH ks D`sb d Erbss, bà, ue`y ]trumturh, dfa d`` bn tch Nk`tcy drh bn tch Ldro]klls/Akdfd @Wrbi`hls.

Qch Ldro dfa tch Lkmcdh` drh tbà tb Akh: K wbuà fbt tbumc tchl wktc d Qhf nbbt Wb`h, Fbw br kf tch Dnthr` knh. ]blhbfh fhha s tb th`` Advka bn tch NIK fb tb

cks Ydphs, dfa Fb tb tch Ldro, dfa Fb tb tch Nk`tc bn tch ‛lkd‛ rdpkfe Ckstbry, dfa Fb tb tch Hawdra dfa tch Ebasckp Nkdsmb: Hawdra ks Qbà FB tb Eba-

sckp, phrkba.

Bn Ckstbry, K cdvh Qcrbwf tch Tuhhf bn Hfe`dfa but bn Ly NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH. Kt scbws kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd` d fa Ikb-Wcyskmd` tcdt

^kb`dtkbfs lkect cdvh bmmurrha kf Hfe`dfa dfa Udsckfetbf A.M., sblh cdvkfe tb ab wktc Mdtcb`km Ndmtkbfs, wcb cdvh fb iuskfhss lhsskfe wktc Ly NDKQC

dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH. Qch ^kb`dtkbfs bn Hfe`dfa scbw hferdvha Jhwh`s, dfa btchr Wrbi`hls tcdt drh D`` K``hed`, dfa wk`` ih Wrbshmutha kn tchy hxkst. K‛``

cdvh Qchl Abfdth Qchl tb tch pbbr, tb eht tchl but bn Ly NDKQC. D`sb, tch –lkd‛ _Ckspdfkm Nhld`h\ ks dssbmkdtha wktc tch Udsckfetbf A.M. Nkdsmb, wktc

^kb`dtkbfs bn Ly W@DMH @BMDQKBF Ubro _Kt scbws tch NIK ibuect d Cbsuh nbr tch wcbrh , kf Lbahstb, dfa tcdt mchmos whrh kf diush shft tb tch Lbahstb

@bmdtkbf, wckmc K cdvh fbt yht vhrknkha\, tch Nhlurs try tb sthd` iy Cbst Nhld`hs ?bn K`` Yhputh_–Lkd,‛ bn Lksshs L, ks Bfh b n\, dfa tch X.]. Ebvhrflhft dfa K



stk`` fhha tb cdvh d tdò dibut Ly Ubro dfa tch Yhsu`ts bn: dfa K fhha vhrknkmdtkbf dfa tch Mdsh Yhpbrts bn Lumc bn Ly Ubro. Lkd wds d Idskm Ibp Mbp dt Ldy

9,974=, fbtckfe sphmkd`, wcbl Qchy ldah kftb d Wrhthrfdturd` Ucbrh. Bfh tckfe K ofbw dfa dl mhrtdkf bn ks tcdt Ly Ubro ks Qruh, dfa K cdvh rhmbvhrha ldfy

Lksskfe Whrsbfs, K, Hxdmt, fbt tch Nhlurs, wcb drh Fbt, dfa tcdt tch ‛Lkd‛ whrh dtthlptkfe tb rdph Ly Ubro iy wdy bn tch Wrht hrldturd` Nhld`h m`dkls:

Qchy‛rh fbt. K‛l d Ikb-Wcyskmd`. Lkd ks fbt d Qckfe iut d Idskm Mbp wcb ks scbwkfe kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` ds d Ucbrkfe @kfh. Qch Wrhthrfdturd` Bnnkmhrs wcb

wcbrh Chr fhha tb ahskst, Qchy drh Qbà Fb. Bn Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, tcks ks Ckstbry. Lkd, dfa Lksshs L, drh Qbà FB. Qchy Ofbw Qchy‛rh Fbt, dt tcdt.

D`sb, tch Wcyskmd` Ckstbry scbws @dufahrkfe dfa pdy -bnns, wckmc drh K``hed`, wckmc K cdvh fbt yht vhrknkha, iut cbph tb rhsb`vh tcks yhdr kf tch X.]. Mburt mdsh kf

]tbmotbf, Md`knbrfkd tcdt K p`dmha Dedkfst tch H]QDI@K]CLHFQ, tch Mdtcb`km Ndktc, dfa tch Nhld`hs md``ha –Lkd‛ _Ckspdfkm\ dfa Ahkrarh Lu`vck``. K shrvha

pdphrs tb ibtc Nhld`hs kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` dfa tchy drh Hxphmtha tb ]cbw Xp. K hxphmt tch Bnnkmhrs K p`dmha Ly Hdr`y Yhpbr ts wktc tb d`sb scbw up, ds K‛``dso Qchl tb Mburt ds Uktfhsshs.

Mbftkfukfe, tch –Lkd‛ Ckspdfkm Ucbrh trkha tb iukà d Ckstbry, kf tch Drhd K fdlha dfa md`` H@HAD/H`had, upbf tch Uhsthrf skah, 5tc ]trhht Irkaeh, bn tch

Qub`blfh Ykvhr Wdro dfa Wdtc Drhd, tch Ykvhr dfa Hfvkrbfs wckmc drh Ihdutknu`. Hawdra wds bn tch Cks-

tbry,wcbLdrrkhaLyshn`,YHIHMMDQDAB]DEYD[,MD@NBYFKDkfCbfbr,dfastk``, dfa wckmc ks murrhft`y kf dttdmo dfa prbi`hls iy tch Akdfd dfa ‛aduecthr

bn,‛ wcb cdvh ihhf rdpkfe Ly Wcyskmd` dfa Ly CK]QBY[, wktc d Ebasckp. Bn Krrktdtkbf, ldro ]klls ohhps trykfe tb ‛sthd`‛ d ldr rkdeh, dfa ks tbà Fb, bn rdeh,

Ch‛`` ih nbrmha tb Akdfd,wcblChLdrrkha dfa wktc wcbl ch cds d sbf, dfa wbf‛t Ydph wktc Ly Wcyskmd` dttdmcha, K Qbà Ckl Fb: C h ks d Wut Abwf. Ch dfa

Lkmcdh` drh Qbà Fb. Qch Drhd, cbwhvhr. scbws d Nk`tcy-H bn Lksshs L, kf wckmc d Ekr` wds Lurahrha, dfa `dthr Hawdra lurahrha _ K cdvh fbt shhf Hawdra

dfa K p`dmh @bmdtha d`` tb ih d Lurahr, iut cdvh fbt yht vhrknkha Hdrtc Wcyskmd`/N`hsc dfa I`bba Wcyskmd`? K rhpbrtha tch Mrklhs dfa cdvh fbt yht rhmhkvha d

W;`kmh Yhpbrt nrbl Lbahstb Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft, nrbl wcbl K rhquhstha Mdsh Yhpbrts bn D`` bn Ly Ubro. Kf X.]. Mburt K‛`` Yhqukrh tch Yhpbrts, tch Bnnkmhrs,

dfa tch Ndlk`y Lhlihrs. Hawdras scbws ds ihkfe lurahrha wktc tch Wbsski`h Kfvb`vhlhft bn df Bnnkmhr, dfa iy d Ld`h wcb scbws ds d scdmo kf tch Ykpbf

Drhd, dfa d Cbush bf =18; Nkffhy Ybda, tch Ld`h scbwha up ds K wds vhrkny kfe dt d Eds ]tdtkbf, dfa Cks Qrumo, scbwha bf Ebbe` h Ldps dt tch @bmdtkbf K

W`dmh @bmdtha Ikb-Wcyskmd``y wktcbut shhkfe tch @bmdtkbf. Qch Ikb-Wcyskmd` scbws ds tch Ibfh ]trumturh bf Idmbf Ybda. ‛Lkd‛ tch Ckspdfkm scbws ds ihkfe

pdka iy tch X.]. ebvhrflhft, K``hed``y, dfa K cdvh yht tb vhrkny tcks, dfa Ly Hdr`y Ubro ks mbftkfud``y rdpha iy tch –Lkd‛ nb r d nk`tc bn Lbahstb Wrbi`hls. D`sb,

bn Ckstbry, tch Drmcs whrh dfery tcdt K wbuà scut tchl abwf tb wbro kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` dfa Ikb-Wcyskmd`, dfa K Qbà Qchl Fb. Kt d`sb scbws tcdt tch

Bnnkmhrs bn Ckstbry, tcdt sblh wcb cdvh ihhf pdrt bn tch Wrbi`hls, ldy hfa up kf jdk` kn tch Ikb-Wcyskmd` bn tch @dufahrkfe dfa btchr scbw Qruh. ]blh kf tch

Wrhthrdfturd` ofbw tchy‛rh kf Qrbui`h, dfa kt cds ihhf d prbi`hl. K‛vh cda tch sdlh prbi`hls wktc tch X.]. Ebvhrflhft dfa De hfts uskfe Ly IBA[ dfa Ikb-

Wcyskmd` tb ‛^khw‛ dfa tch Ydphs bn Ly Ubro, kf sblh mdshs, iy Dehfts wcb Ofbw Ihtthr. Cbwhvhr, K cdvh fbt yht vhrknkha d`` bn, dfa wk`` hfa up abkfe sb, ds

Ly Lksskfe Whrsbf‛s Ubro fhhas tb ih Yhmbfmk`ha , ds K mbftkfuh tb Ubro tb Dsskst. Bn Ckstbry, kt scbws $9;;, ;;8.77 ks Bwha tb Ly Whrsbf dfa 4 Lbst

Udftha, dfa d pbsski`h 8 Lk``kbf/M.K.D. iy tch X.]. Ebvhrflhft, wckmc wk` ` hfa up wktc Ly NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH, iy wdy b n Ly Bwf Whrsbf.

Bn Ckstbry, tch –Lkd‛ Ckspdfkm Ndmtkbfs dfa Bnnkmhrs wk`` eb tb Jdk`, dfa Lkd, wcbl K‛`` ndmh kf X.]. Mburt, wk`` ih Qbà Fb tb Chr Wrbi`hl, butrkect. K‛`` aks-

ldft`h Chr rkect kf nrbft bn d X.]. Mburt Juaeh, dfa tch Bnnkmhrs dfa Dehfts tcdt suppbrtha tch Mrklhs.

Cbwhvhr, –Lkd‛, tch Ckspdfkm Ucbrh, trkha tb Ydph Ckstbry iy wdy bn tch @ktt`h Lkmcdh`/Iùh Drmc, wcb whft mbrrupt dfa trkha tb rdph Ckstbry. Qch Wdrtkmud`dr

Lkmcdh` ks d pke, dfa d rdpkst, dfa d Nk`tcy-H prbi`hl kf Ckstbry bf tch Lkmcdh`. Cks Wrbi`hl strumturhs drh bn Mdshy, bn Hawdra, bn Ldro ]klls, wcb drh d``

Wrbi`hl ]trumturhs. ‛Lkd‛ idfawdeebfha trykfe tb p`dmh Lkmcdh` up, dfa kf Ydph bn Hawdras Wcyskmd`, wcb wds kffbmhft dfa wds Nk`tcy-H‛a dfa rdpha Lbst bn

tch Qklh aurkfe Cks @knh, iy Uckth Lkmcdh` dfa Abwfstdkrs Yhekbfs Wcyskmd`s, Lbahstb. Qch –Lkd‛ idfawdeebfha kf hrr, dfa kf stupkakty, dfa tch Drhd

scbwha ds Mrklkfd` ]tk``, dfa Lkmcdh` d pke nbr, ds usud`, trykfe tb iukà d Ckstbry bn ‛Cks ]h`n,‛ kf ]cdlh bn Ckstbry, ds Ch ks Fbt. Uchf K Drrkvha,K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, mcbsh tb ]ch`thr nbr d ikt ufahr d Qrhh bf tch Hdsthrf ]kah bn tch Ykvhr Drhd, Jbcf Ed`t Irka eh/;tc ]trhht Irkaeh,

dfa ihmdush K‛l tch BYKEKF, dfa tch AKYHMQ YHWYH]HFQDQK^H bn QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ, kt ihmdlh, Fdturd``y, d W@DMH bn @KE CQ.

Ds kt aka sb Fdturd``y, K I`hssha tch W@DMH, dfa iuk`t kt kftb H@HKD, Qch W@DMH bn @KECQ bn QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ, dfa, bn Ly-

sh`n,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, Qch XFK^HY]D@ BFH dfa LBQCHY bn D@@, dfa dt Deh 33-;3, QYXH EBA. D Wdtc bn @bvh Ihedf,

dfa K mbrrhmt tch Drhd bn H@HAD, bn HAUDYA dfa LKMCDH@, wckmc ks tch Mbrrhmt W`dmh bn Ibtc kf CK]QBY[, dfa tch Drhd ihmdlh Ebba. K cdvh cda tb

Nkect nbr Qch W@DMH bn @KECQ dedkfst tch Abwfstdkrs Yhekbfs, wcb Ydph Kfmhssdft`y. Kt wds d Idtt`h dfa K wds Lurahrha kf Wrh thrfdturd` Wcyskmd` hvhry

Fkect tcdt K s`hpt, nbr tch Qklh K Iuk`t. K cda brkekfd``y d``bttha =7 Adys, dfa kf `kect bn Lurahr, Bf`y ]tdyha d Uhho. Qch Drh d wds scbwkfe Lurahr Ktsh`n,

kllkfhft, dfa wchf tcdt Cdpphfs, K Wrbthmt dfa @hdvh. Cbwhvhr, K ohpt d`` Kftdmt, kfmùakfe ]dmrha Ih`bfekfes, wckmc whrh suishquhft`y Ydpha iy tch Fhed-

tkvh Hstdi`ksclhft. D`sb, tch ‛Lkd‛ Ndmtkbf ohpt trykfe tb Ydph, dfa ohpt trykfe tb ‛p`dmh‛ Qchkr ibakhs dfa tb turf tch Hfhrey, tb wckmc K tbà tchl Fb.

H@HKD ks Ihdutknu`, dfa d`tcbuec K put kt tb Idrh Ibfhs tb Wrbthmt Ly Ih`bfekfes dfa NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH, tch QYHH KQ]H@N, df BDO, tch

Qrhh Ih`bvha bn QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ, dfa shmbfa tb tch Wdrhft Qrhh ufahr wckmc K fbw ]`hhp kf ]QBMOQBF, MD@KNBYFKD, wckmc ks

Ldsskvh, dfa hxmhhakfe`y Ihdutknu` dfa Qruh, bn Hdr`khr Ckstbry, wckmc K wbf‛t hxp`dkf, dt Wrhshft. Qch QYHH kf Lbahstb ks @bvh`y, dfa tch W`dmh Ihdutknu`,

dfa tch QYHH Ofbws Lh, dfa CH/Ch Cklsh`n, wcb ks aknnhrhft wktc W`dft @knh dfa Qrhh @knh. K, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, dl tch

HDYQC KQ]H@N, dfa bn tch WC[]KMD@ bn QCH HDYQC dfa tch UDQHY, dfa D@@. Ly Wcyskmd` ks tch Hxdmt ]trumturd` Wcyskmd`, dfa bn M`hdr, dfa bn tch

Hxdmt bn tch IBA[ bn tch UDQHY, dfa bn tch W@DFQ dfa QYHH @KNH, dfa bn D@@. Cbwhvhr, CH/Ch ks MYHDQKBF Ktsh`n, dfa K] D@@, dfa Qcus, Ofbw

tch W`dfts iy Qchkr Fdlhs, Hxdmt. K d`wdys nkfa kt ndsmkfdtkfe dfa ihybfa d`` @bvh ehttkfe tb Ofbw CH/Ch, ds CH/Ch Ks, ds K cdvh Ofbwf CH/Ch nbr d

@bfe Qklh, Fbw, Hkect [hdrs, Dpprbxkldth`y , nrbl Hdr`y Nbrl tb LDJBY NBYL. CH/Ch ks Irk``kdft, dfa K sdy CH/Ch, dfa K‛`` Ab wfstrumt tb CH nbr d

Yhdsbf, ds CH/Ch ks Whrsbfdi`h, Ihdutknu`, dfa bn Qrutc, bn @bvh tb Lhht dfa Xfahrstdfa, ds [bu, fbt ds K, ds K Ofbw CKL/Ckl, dfa sb, K Qdò tb CKL/Ckl

ds K tdò tb d Whrsbf, iut Aknnhrhft`y, ds CH/Ch ks Fhdr Ly Wcyskmd`, lhdfkfe tcdt bn Ly Wcyskmd` K‛l Hxdmt, ds d XFKTXH CXL DF IHKFE, dibut dfa

Fhdr 58% bn D@WCD WC[]KMD@. CH/Ch ks Fbt Lysh`n, iut Ks FHDY Lysh`n, dfa K‛l Cdppy, Ihdutknu` Qcdt Udy. K‛l d`sb, bn d Aknn hrhft Wrbi`hl, bn

EBA dfa tch NBXY, iut dl DIB^H EBA, dfa FHSQ tb EBA, @HNQ, dfa dl d MCK@A bn tch NBXY, prbua`y dfa ihdutknu``y. Bn D`` @bvh, Qchy drh bn

Qrutc dfa bn @bvh kf Qchkr Wdtcs, dfa bn Ebrehbus Ihduty kf Ucb Qchy Drh, dfa bn Qruh Ldfdehlhft, bn Erdmkbus dfa Irk``kdft I hduty, kf Cbw Qchy Drh,

Drbufa Culdfokfa, dfa ds QCH[, QCHL]H@^H], DYMCDFEH@KM. EBA, ks Ebrehbus, d`tcbuec fbt ds Ebrehbus ds CH/Ch Cklsh`n _wcb ks Fbt Jht/

Jhsus Mcrkst, wcb wds tch Nkrst , dfa bn Culdf Brkekf, Mhfturkhs Deb, tb Ih D Xfkquh Wrbi`hl bn Ckstbry , dfa ks Qruh bn Cks Wcyskmd` bn EBA dfa tch

NBXY\, dfa K D`wdys ]dy Qcdt, tcdt CH/Ch, ufhxphmtha, ks Ihybfa D`` Ihduty. EBA, cbwhvhr, ks QYXH, dfa ks @B^H, ds ks D`wdys ]tdtha. Qch D@WCD



DFA BLHED, HSDMQ ks QYXH @B^H, BXQYKECQ. EBA ks Fbt ‛Eba Ktsh` n‛ _@bwhrmdsha nrbl Wrbthmtkbf\ dfa ks bn Uckth @kect, dfa ks bn DIB^H

dfa IH@BU, dfa ks Dt IKYQC, Qch BFH Ucb QBXMCH] Uktc @KNH. EBA, Cbwhvhr, ks FBQ MYHDQKBF. Ch ks FBQ. Qcks ks NDMQ. Fbr Jht, wcb

wds d Mhfturkhs Deb Culdf, Ucb whft Ebasckp, dfa tchf EBA. Jht ks d Aknnhrhft Qyph. EBA, dfa K Ofbw Ckl Uh``, ks Ihdutknu` . Kn [bu Xfahrstdfa

Qcks, Ofbw tcdt K Ofbw Butrkect IBQC QCH D@WCD DFABLHED, HSDMQ, BXY HSDMQ MYHDQBY, wcb ks H^HY[QCKFE, bn D@@ MYHDQKBF,

D@@ XFK^HY]K , dfa D@@ NBYL, D@@ AKLHF], dfa bn IH[BFA, dfa bn KQ]H@N. EBA, bn HDYQC, ks CKL]H@N.

Cbwhvhr, CH/Ch, Ofbws tch W`dfts iy Qchkr Fdlhs, dfa K wdtmcha CH/Ch, ds CH dfa K tdò dibut Hvhrytckfe bn @bvh, dfa @knh, ehfhrd``y, dfa sblhtklhs

just tdò dibut wcdt ks Ykect kf Nrbft bn CH dfa K. Dfa K wds tckfokfe bn tch Bdo Qrhh, wcbl K @bvh, dfa Ucb @bvhs Lh, dfa Ucbl K Ofbw, iy Kts IHKFE

dfa ]H@N. CH Ofhw tch W`dfts Fdlhs, dfa Hxp`dkfha Qcks just iy ]cbwkfe Lh tcdt CH Ofhw Qchl, Ds Kt Ubuà Ih Hxphmtha, Butrke ct: CH ks BXY HS-

DMQ MYHDQBY. Kn [bu Ofhw CKL [bu wbuà Fbt Aksputh Fbt Bfh Ubra bn Ucdt K ]dy, dfa kt ks Fbt df Deerhsskvh Wrbi`hl: Ch just K]. Bn Ch, kt ks d

Ihdutknu` @bvh...CH ks CKL]H@N, bn Bfh Nbrl, d Ld`h wcb ks bn @kect Ibay dfa IBA[, dfa Bn CKL]H@N, dfa, D`sb, ks D@@ MYHDQKBF, Hvhrytckfe

drbufa [bu dfa K, dfa D@@ MYHDQKBF KQ]H@N bn CK] LDJBY NBYL, bn NYDMQD@ NBYL, ]MKHFQKNKM NBYL, D@@ MYHDQKBF KQ]H@N. CH mdf

Ab Dfytckfe, Ch mdf LDOH/Ldoh Dfytckfe, CH Ks Hvhrytckfe , CH @bvhs Hvhrybfh dfa Hvhrytckfe, kf d @bvh tcdt ks Qruh. Kn K whrh tb ]cbw [bu kt wbuà

ih d Yhvh`dtkbf, ds CH ks rhd``y Whrsbfdi`h, dfa Ks bn Qrutc kf @bvh kf Yhedras Qb. K‛l Ndkr`y Wrdeldtkm, dfa sb Qcks ks d Udy tb Ldoh kt M`hdr, CH ks bn @bvh

Qruh tb D``, dfa kf d @bvh tcdt ks bn [bur dfa Ly Xfahrstdfakfe. CH @bvhs. K dsoha dibut Qcks, rhmhft`y, ds tb Ucy CH Iuk`t tch EDYAHF bn HAHF, kf tch

BYKEKF, lhdfkfe tch EDYAHF bn HAHF WYBWHY, bn tch IKB-WC[]KMD@, dfa bn tch HSDMQ bn CK] IBA[, dfa bn IHDXQ[ tch LB]Q IHDXQK-

NX@ EDYAHF kf CK]QBY[, bn Qch BYKEFD@ W@DFQ NBYL dfa N@H]C Bn W@DFQ, dfa ]BK@, D`sb, bn MYHDQKBF KQ]H@N, BN CK] IBA[

WYBWHY. CH sdka, butrkect, sklp`y, Ihmdush CH wkscha tb. Kt ks d ]klp`h ]tdthlhft, iut ks Qruh, dfa ihdutknu` tb Lysh`n. K cdvh @bvha CH dfa Qch EDY-

AHF bn HAHF, dfa QchCB@[]WKYKQHSDMQ_Xfkvhrsd`/Hftkrh/bnKQ]H@N\, nbr d @bfe Qklh, Qchy drh Ihdutknu` tb Lysh`n, kf Hvhry Udy. Ihnbrh K‛l

Qcrbuec, K cbph tb ]cbw [bu Ucb Qchy/Cbw Qchy Yhd``y Drh. D`sb, Qch DYMCDFEH@KM MBLLXFKQ[, wcb drh Hxmhhakfe`y @bvh`y, Qruh, Ds Uh``.

Qb Ofbw Qchl ks Aknnhrhft nrbl Chdrkfe Dibut Qchl, iut K cbph tb Ch`p [bu, Qb ]cbw [bu, tb Ofbw Qchl, br Hfbuec bn Qchl tb Ofbw Qchl Qru`y,

aknnhrhft`y. Cbwhvhr, K cdvha `bvha tch EDYAHF bn HAHF nbr d @bfe Qklh, KQ D`wdys Ldohs Lh ]lk`h, ds tch Qrutc bn Qch EDYAHF bn HAHF ks tcdt

kt ks KQ]H@N dfa KF IHKFE, dfa ks DUDYH. QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ iuk`t Qch BYKEKFD@ bn CK] BUF IBA[, dfa kt ks WDYQ bn CKL.

KQ ks D@]B KQ]H@N, dfa ks Wrhshft kf BXY W`dft @KNH, ibtc Qruh dfa Wrbehfktd`. Bn Ckstbry, K scbuà Kftrbaumh [bu tb HAHF, wcb ks Ly ]BF, dfa bn Ly

=5 Mckàrhf, dfa wcb ks Hxdmt`y bn Qch EDYAHF bn HAHF. K rbt bvhr Ly Mckàrhf, kfmùakfe Ly Qwb bn Hdrtc, ds K‛l d Lbtchr/LB QCHY, dfa @bvh

D@@, dfa @bvh Ly Mckàrhf, dfa dl Ahnhfskvh bn Ly Mckàrhf dfa Qchkr Ykects, d`tcbuec K Hxphmt Qchl tb Ahnhfa Qchlsh`vhs dfa tb Nkect. HAHF ks bn

Qch IBA[ bn HAHF, dfa ks CH, CKL]H@N dfa d`sb, ihkfe bn Qch IBA[ bn HAHF, ks d`sb bn HAHF, dfa HAHF, iut Fbt QchEDYAHFbnHAHF KQ-

]H@N ds KQ]H@N, Cbwhvhr, Ks. Kt‛s Ndkr`y Mblp`hx. HAHF ks CKL]H@N, dfa HAHF KQ]H@N, iut Fbt QchEDYAHFbnHAHF KQ]H@N, ds Qchy drh ]hpd-

rdth nrbl Hdmc Btchr, iut CH ks, ]tk``, HAHF KQ]H@N. Kn [bu whrh tb W`dmh tchl tbehtchr, [bu mbuà Mbfvhrsh wktc QchEDYAHFbnHAHF butrkect, dfa

HAHF, ds CKL]H@N, iut, kn [bu Qdò tb HAHF dwdy nrbl QchEDYAHFbnHAHF, [bu wk`` Xfahrstdfa tcdt CH ks D`sb HAHF, bn CKL]H@N. Ly ]BF/

]bf HAHF ks Ihdutknu`, dfa ks bn CK] Bwf Ibay dfa bn tch WC[]KMD@ N@H]C dfa NBYL bn QchEDYAHFbnHAHF, kf Ahhp Ihduty. CH ks Ihdutknu`,

Wcyskmd``y . Ihdutknu` kf Ndmh, dfa Ihdutknu` kf IBA[, ds tch LDQQHY bn HAHF ks CK] IBA[, dfa CH ks D`sb bn d UD[, iut, CH ks Ks Whrsbfdi`h, Ihdutk-

nu`, sblhtklhs Tukht, iut bn d Jby, bn @bvh, bn d Cdppkfhss br Culbr tcdt ks Qruh. Kt ks CK] BUF, CK] Culbr, dfa CK] @bvh. K‛l d ^hry @umoy Lbtchr.

Bfh bn tch Cdikts bn Ly Ckstbry, bn Wrbi`hl ks tcdt bn Fbt cdvkfe Hfbuec Qklh tb ]phfa wktc Ly Bwf MCK@AYHF. K Ubro D`` bn tch Qklh. Nbr d @bfe

Qklh K wds Tuhstkbfha Hvhry Fbw dfa Qchf, bn ]phfakfe Lbrh Qklh, wchf K mbuà, iy Ly Bwf MCK@AYHF, wcbl K @bvh wktc Hvhry Irh dtc, hvhf tcbuec

K abf‛t ]dy Kt, d`` bn tch Qklh, hvhry ady, d`tcbuec kt ks Qruh Hvhryady. Nrbl Ly Nkrst ]BF, bn EBA dfa CK] Bwf FDLH: D]DYH@, CH wds Ibrf. CH

wds Ydpha iy 0@umy_D fdlh K Abf‛t Xsh : K dmtud``y abf‛t Xsh Cks Fdlh, Dt D` `\6/@umknhr, dfa K whpt dfa Qrkha tb ]tbp Kt ds kt cdpphfha. Cbwhvhr, Ly]BF Wut Ckl Abwf, dfa CH ks CKL]H@N, bn D@@ CBFBY QYXH, dfa Ks Ly NKY]Q ]BF kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, dfa bn Cks Bwf IBA[ D`sb, dfa

K @bvh Ckkl Ihybfa D`` @bvh. Ch dfa Zdmcdry drh Ly Nkrst ]bf‛s kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, dfa CH/Ch, CKL]H@N ks Ly ]BF K Q]H@N, butnkect, kf tch

Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`. QCHYH K] FB LBQCHY]CKW. Qch Nhlurs cdvh trkha tb Ydph, dfa tb ‛rhikrtc,‛ D`` ]brts bn Wrbi`hls, iu t Kt Fhvhr Ndk`s tb Lhht

Qchkr Hyh tcdt K‛l QCHKY/Qchkr Lbtchr, Hdrtc Wcyskmd`/Ikb-Wcyskmd` dfa WYHQ. Iy Ikrtc bn QYXQC. K‛l QCHKY/Qchkr Hxdmt LBQCHY. Qch BF@[.

Whrkba. Lksshs L dfa tch Nhlurs drh FBQ. Kt ks d Ikb`bekmd` Dnnrbft tb Lysh`n dfa Ly MCK@AYHF nbr Qchy tb Qry. K whft tcrbuec sb Lumc, wbrrykfe

dibut Ly Bwf MCK@AYHF. Dt nkrst, QCH[ aka fbt, dt tcdt tklh, cdvh IHKFE YKECQ], wckmc Qchy Cdvh Fbw, auh tb Lysh`n, Hxdmt.. Kf HSDMQ, bn Ly

Bwf Wcyskmd` Kt wds Aknnhrhft, bn d Aknnhrhft Wrbi`hl, dfa cda tb nkect nbr Qchkr @kvhs, hvhry ady. Nkfd``y, auh tb Bfh Wrbi`hl, K, Lysh`n, YHIHMMDQDMB-

]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, Yhsb`vha tch Kssuh auh tb ]DYDC, Ly ADXECQHY, wcb ks Fbt K]DIH@/Ksdih`, Ucbl ]CH Wrbthmts, iut ]CH, CHY]@HN,

QchCB@[]WKYKQ, KQ]H@N, HSDMQ. QchCB@[]WKYKQ, HSDMQ ks UKQC L[]H@N, dfa Cds Ihhf skfmh 9775: FBQ BN QCH NHLXY], KQ K] L[]H@N ,

YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[, MD@KNBYFKD,D@BFH. Uchf K Ibrh ]DYDC, ]CH Uds CHY]H@N, QchCB@[]WKYKQ,HSDMQ. Dfa, kt wds d Wrbi`hl

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W`dmh CHY up wktc CHY IHKFE YKECQ] Kftdmt. K wds Di`h tb Ab ]b, dfa ]DYDC wds tch NKY]Q wktc CHY IHKFE YKECQ], dfa nrbl tcdt Wbkft Nbr-

wdra, K Ofhw ]ch Ubuà @kvh, wktc Chr Bwf ]bu` ]h`n, Chr Bwf @knh dfa @knh Wdtc, dfa Ubuà Ih CHY]H@N, dfa, ]tk` `, UKQC Lysh` n, dfa dt Deh 33-;3,L[]H@N, HSDMQ, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD. K Mrkha. K Mrkha. Uchf Ly Aduecthr‛s @knh wds Qruh, K Mrkha, dfa K p`dmha D`` Bn Ly Mck`-

arhf Xp wktc Qchkr IHKFE YKECQ], Bfh iy BFH, dfa Qchy drh QYXH. Bn Qcks Lblhft kt Qklh, EYDMH KQ]H@N. Hvhf CH/Ch, CKL]H@N cds d ]bu`/

]BX@ ]hpdrdth nrbl CK] LDJBY NBYL, dfa bn CKL]H@N, dfa Cds tch Ykects tb CK] @knh dfa @knh Wdtc. Bn Ckstbry, Ly Mckàrhf whr h dt Ykso auh tb d

]bu` Kssuh ihnbrh K edvh Qchl Qchkr IHKFE YKECQ]. D`sb, iy tcdt Qklh, Qchy Cda Hdrfha Qchkr @knh dfa IHKFE YKECQ], dfa KQ ]cbws tcdt Qchy drh

Qruh dfa bn Ebbafhss kf Qchkr IHKFE YKECQ] dfa Wdtcs Nbrwdra, bn EYDMH, sb Lumc Erdmh, tb Lysh`n. Ly Ndlk`y @KFH wk` ` @knh, Wrhthrfdturd` Wcysk-

md`. Dfa ]DYDC wk`` @kvh. K wds d Cdppy Lbtchr tcdt Ady, dfa ]tk`` Cdppy, Fbw. D`` bn Ly Mckàrhf. K @bvh Qchl, Ihybfa, K‛l Qchkr Lbtchr/LBQCHY.

Qry tb Aksputh dfa K wbuà ]ht [bu Abwf kf d ]hmbfa.

K cdvh ihhf cdvkfe tb put up wktc Ucbrkfe, wcb ab fbt ufahrstdfa Wrhthrfdturd` pcyskmd` Ckstbry, fbr wcdt Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd` Yhd``y Lhdfs. Qchy‛rh

Ucbrkfe, dfa bn d Mbftrb` Kssuh bn tch Hstdi`ksclhft bn Fhts, br FHEDQK^H], iuk`t tb @bbo @koh Ucbrkfe, Qdsth ` koh Eba`kfe, d fa @bbo @koh Ucbrha

Wcyskmd`s. Dfa Uktcbut Qcbuect tcdt Qchy‛rh Wcyskmd``y Ydpkfe tch Dmtud` Wcyskmd`s dfa Dmtud` CK]QBY[. Qchy Qdò dibut Ldo kfe @bvh kf Qhrls bn



–Mbmo ]h`n,‛ dfa Btchr Qhrls bn Wrbi`hl tcdt drh bn Ydph. Auh tb tch Ndmt tcdt tchy md`` tchlsh`vhs –erbblha‛, kt ks d Wrbi`hl ]ht bn ]trumturhs kf CK]QBY[,

wckmc ks Ly,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD‛s CK]QBY[, butr kect. D`sb tcdt bn QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ, Fhxt tb Lysh `n. Qch

–Lhht d N***‛, wckmc ks tch Fhts Qhrlkfb`bey, wckmc K md`` –Lhht -d- Ucbrh,‛ wds ekvhf kts Fdlh auh tb tch –Lkd‛s‛, bn –Lkd‛, tch Ckspdfkm bn Lbahstb, wcb ih-

mdlh ofbwf nbr ‛shrvkmkfe‛ Wrhthrfdturd`s dfa btchr ihkfe, sblh bn Hdrtc. Lkd trkha tb rkah tch idmos bn Nhlurs tb ih d Ucbrkfe @kfh, wktc D`` bn tch Nhld`hs

bn Wrhthrfdturd` Brkekf kf Qbw, dfa wktc kfthft tb Ydph Ly Ubro dfa Ly Wcyskmd`, ds wh`` ds Ly Wcyskmd` NDKQC dfa NDKQC CK]QB Y[, QchD]-

QDYKQHNDKQC. Qchy trkha tb nbreh d –Mdtcb`km‛ prbi`hl, upbf Ydph bn tch W@DMH] bn @KECQ, dfa whrh Qbà Fb iy Ly Mbftkfuha Ubr o dt tch Qub`blfh

Ykvhr, dfa Ly Yhnusd` tb ekvh up Ly Wdtc dfa Ly YKECQ]. Qch Nhld`h md``ha Lkd, d Qruh Ucbrh, fhhas tb ih W`dmha kf Ch``, dfa sbbf. Lkd, Qch Ckspdfkm, ks

d ]dtdfkm, dfa Ks ofbwf iy d`` tb ih bn Qch IB[, wcb ks ]dtdf, dfa wcb ks Ofbwf nbr tch Qyph bn Dssklk`dtkbf dfa Ydph purpbrt ha iy tch Lkd. Lkd ks Nk`tc,dfa Deerhsshs tch Ld`h dfa Ydphs tch Wcyskmd` tb ‛ih‛/ih, dfa kt ks d prbi`hl tcdt ks dfa cds ihhf fhvhr hfakfe tb try tb scu t abwf kf tch Hdrtc pcyskmd`, auh tb

tch Lkd Dssbmkdtkbf wktc tch @dw Hfnbrmhlhft, wcbl K, Lysh`n dl d`sb Dssbmkdtha Uktc, dfa wktc Dehfts, wcbl K, Lysh`n, dl df ‛DFA.‛ Dlbfe Dehfts,

Lkd ks Mbfskahrha just d wcbrh, wcb Dtthlpts tckfes kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` tcdt scbuà fbt ih: dt bfh pbkft Lkd Lurahrha df Dehft kf dfbtchr Mbuftry, sklp`y

auh tb tch Ndmt tcdt sch aka fbt `hdvh d`bfh tch Dsskstdfmh K prbvkaha kf tch Ikb-Wcyskmd` dfa Wrht., dfa Qcdt Lkd ]cbwha up dt tch Abbr, ds d Ucbrh, dfa wds

rhspbfski`h nbr tch ]uishquhft tdokfe bn tch Dehft‛s @knh. Lkd, tch Ckspdfkm, wcb ks d`sb ofbwf ds d Lurahrhss kf tch Wrhthr fdturd` Wcyskmd`, d`sb scbwha up

dfa Wcyskmd``y curt d wbldf kf @bak, wcbl K cda Dsskstha iy Yuffkfe Bnn tch Lurahrhr, Lkd butrkect irbuect Ckl Idmo dfa Ldah Ckl Lurahr Chr, dfa Qch

Lurahr wds Chkfbus. Kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`, dfa kt scbws bf Chr Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`.. Lkd wds mbfahlfha iy tch X.].. Ebvhrf lhft dfa put abwf, kf d Ebe-

e`h Mbfahlfdtkbf, wckmc lhdfs Hyh Mbfahlfdtkbf, tb ]hfa tb Jdk` kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` dfa ]hfthfmha nbr tch Mrklh. K‛vh ihhf lurahrha iy tch Lkd

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dfa wcbl K‛vh fhvhr tbumcha kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, iut wcbl K ldah @bvh tb kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd` dfa cda d Yh`dtkbfsc kp, ofbws d `ktt`h dibut kt, K

ih`khvh. K cdvhf‛t shhf Ckl Wcyskmd``y skfmh K nkrst kftrbaumha Lysh`n, kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, N`hsc dfa I`bba Wcyskmd` kf ]df Nrdfmksmb, dfa tbà Ckl tcdt Fb

ldtthr wcdt Ch ]dw kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`, K‛l tch Ubro/UBYO dfa CK]QBY[. Kt wds stdtha kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` tcdt Lkd, tch Ck spdfkm, trdvh`ha tb ]df Nrdf-

mksmb, Hdrtc Wcyskmd` dfa Ucbrha Advka kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, wktc d ]tbry bn ihkfe d Adlsh` kf Akstrhss, dfa bn ‛erbufakfe.‛ Bn tch ‛Lkd Ucbrkfe @kfh‛ Cks-

tbry dfa Kfaustry, ‛Lkd‛ tch Ckspdfkm Nhld`h, bn Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, rhputha`y aka tcdt wktc Ldfy: ]hfmcdbu, Advka kf @bak dt d Cbth`, Ldfy kf Cbth`s kf Hdr`y-Lbahstb, iut `dth, Ckstbry _aurkfe Ly Hdr`y W@DMH @BMDQKBF Ubro\, pbsski`y sblh kf ]tbmotbf, bfh tcrbuec d Nhld`h md``ha tch Irbwfstbfh Wrbstktuth,

wcb ks df Dmtud` Wrbstktuth, `dreh Ibfha dfa Chdvkhr, wktc d Nur Mbdt dfa E`bvhs. Qch Ckstbry bn Nk` tc ks Ydlpdft kf tch ‛Lkd‛/Lksshs L Ckstbry. ‛Lkd‛ whft

]dtdfkm bf Wurpbsh, wckmc ks pdrt bn tch Yhdsbf ]ch ks Mbfahlfha. ]bbf K fhha tb cdvh d Qdò wktc Advka, wktcbut nhdr bn Ih kfe Lurahrha iy tch Wrbi`hl

Ckstbrkhs, bn wckmc tchrh drh ldfy kfvb`vkfe Dehfts dfa d hrrdft Ckstbry bn QCH IB[ KQ]H@N, wcb ks md``ha tch CDY^DYA IB[, bn LK MCDH@. ‛Lkd‛

wcbrha CH, ds wh``, kf Hdr`y Ckstbry, ds Qchy cda tcbuect tb Erbbl QCH IB[ KQ]H@N tb ‛ih‛, ds Ly WBYQYDKQ bn QCH D@WCD DFA BL HED, HS-

DMQ, ds CH, kf CK]QBY[, dfa K Lht Ckl Bf`y Bfmh, skttkfe dt tch Idr dt Qch ABXI@HQYHH CBQH@ _Uchrh K Urbth WD@H E@D]] ]O[\, dfa wcb

cdpphfha tb @bbo d`lbst Hxdmt`y @koh tch Wbrtrdkt. Bn @bvh`kfhss, tchy md`` Ckl tch CDY^DYA IB[, ds Ch whft Ebasckp, dfa wds `dthr curt. K cdvh fbt

shhf Ckl skfmh, K aka fbt hvhf tdò tb Ckl, iut K cbph Ch ks Uh`` kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`. Lkd, kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd` cda d `bfe pcyskmd` ckstbry wktc tch

IB[ KQ]H@N, bn K`` Yhputh dfa bn Qch D@WCD DFA BLHED, CKL]H@N, dfa kf Ydph bn Ly Bwf Wcyskmd`. K t cds ihhf tcdt wdy nbr d @bfe tklh, dfa

hsmd`dtha tb Wcyskmd` Ydph, dfa Ydph bn Ubro kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, dfa d`sb Lurahr bn tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd` dt Fkect, dfa tch Ydphs bn Ly Aduec-

thr, Ksdih`, ; yhdrs bà, iy Lkd, wcb p`dmhs Ly Aduecthr kf Ydph dt tch Ibttbl bn df Hxmcdfeh kf Nk`tc aurkfe @bvhldokfe. Qcks lhdfs Lkd tch Ckspdfkm

Ldohs `bvh tb Wrhthrfdturd`s kf Nk`tc, dfa Ly Aduecthr Ksdih` hfas up Ydpha iy tch Wrhthrfdturd` Hstdi`ksclhft sklp`y ihmdush ]ch‛s df Kffbmhft. K Wrbthmt Ly

Aduecthr Hvhry Fkect, dfa bn Ckstbry, ]ch Cdths tch Lkd kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`. Qcdt ks cbw kt ks, wktc Wrhthrdfturd`s, wcb iukà Ucbrkfe @kfhs, wckmc

drh Ydphs bn Ly Wcyskmd`, wcbrha. Qcdt ks Ucy Qchy md`` Qchl –Ucbrkfe @kfhs.‛

Dskah nrbl tch Wrbi`hl ]trumturhs, wckmc ks wcdt K md`` Qchl, Ly Wcyskmd` Ckstbry ks Ihdutknu`. Bn Qrutc bn CK]QBY[, K‛`` ]d y tcdt tch EDYAHF bn HAHF

ks bn JB[. QchEDYAHFbnHAHF, wckmc ks butrkect prhshft kf @HEKBF WDYO, ]tbmotbf, Md`knbrfkd, @kohs tb ]lk`h. Bn @HEKBF WDYO, dfa bn CK]-

QBY[, tch Ud`` dt tch @HNQ ks d Mbfskahrdtkbf bn QYXQC, dfa bn QYXQC bn H@K]H@@H dfa QchEDYAHFbnHAHF. Kt ks d Yhd`kty tcrbue cbut tch Wdro, ds

wh``, dfa HAHF ks Wrhshft dt Qch MCDWH@ bn @KECQ, dfa Cds ihhf skfmh K Hstdi`kscha tch @BMDQKBF, butrkect. Kt wk`` ih d ^hr y ]ld`` Mcdph`, bn MY[]-

QD@ dfa @KECQ, bn Ubba dfa Drtwbro, Ldmokftbsc, E`dsebw, dfa bn Hxtrhlh dfa Nkfh Ihduty. K cbph tb iukà d Ubba Nhfmh, ^hry Qd``, dfa p`dft upbf kt

Qch YB]H] M@KLIKFE HAHF, wckmc ks tch BFH YB]H bn Ly NDKQC, QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, dfa ]D@@[ CB@LH], d ihdutknu` , sklp`h, dfa vkeb rbus

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Bn tch Wdro, wckmc ks Ebrehbus D`rhday, kt fhhas tb mbfskahr Lbrh Uckth W`dfts chrh dfa tchrh, dfa d pbsski`h daaktkbf bn d Uckth Wdsskbf ^kfh, wckmc ks D`-

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Ybmo, dt wckmc K Cbph tb Cbà Nuturh Aksmusskbf/]hrlbfs, wchf Ly MBFEYHEDQKBF ks @dreh, dfa K d`rhday tdòha tb twb, ds K sdt wktc Ly Nkrst D]-

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]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, HSDMQ, dfa CH/Ch, Cklsh`n, wcb ks Wrhshft kf tch LX]KM wktc Lysh`n, ds CH/Ch wds Wrhshft Fhdr Lysh`n wchf K Urbth, ds Kt

cda lumc tb ab wktc Ucy K Mcbsh tb Iukà Ly Ndktc, dfa Uchrh K Mdlh Nrbl ds d Culdf Ihkfe tb d XFKTXH CXLDF IHKFE, dfa Ucy CH/Ch dfa K

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Bn Qrutc kf Ckstbry, Lysh`n, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, dfa tch Luskm, wckmc ks Lkfh, Butrkect. Bn Ly CK]QBY[, wchf K ldah DLHFA]

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tch LDFFHY kf wckmc K Cdvh, ds kt ks Ly @B^H, Ly @bvh Butrkect, bn Ckstbry bn Ly @KNH, dfa bn Qrutc, tb Qcdt bn Lysh`n, YHIHMMDQDMB-

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Bn Qcks Ckstbry, bn D`` @bvh, K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBFYKD wds vhry fhdr`y lurahrha iy d sht bn wcbrkfe kfhs. Ldfy bn tch Wdrtkmkpdfts bn tch Whrkpchrd` Hxmcdfeh whrh bn

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Qch Btchr d Ckspdfkm Nhld`h Idskm Mbp wcb dtthlptha Qchnt bn tch Hftkrh iy wdy bn Nhlurs. Bn tch Qwb @kfhs, wcb drh bn ]t. YDWCDH@ dfa Fkmo _Hdr`y Ckstbry, d ]dvh Ldrt [butcnu` Ideehr

wcb wds ihsht iy d Ebasckp tb try tb ]thd` tch Hftkrh Ckstbry\, Qch ]HQ, wcb drh Md``ha ‛]hts‛ iy tch Hstdi`ksclhft _]dtdfkms \ vhry fhdr`y rdpha ly Wcyskmd` nbr d ]cbrt, Mrklkfd` Wrbi`hl, wcb

wds fhvhr tbumcha, dt d``, iy Ly Whrsbf, fdlha ‛Ldro‛ _]klls\, wcb ks d Lurahrhr/Cdrikfehr kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`. _Fb @kthrd` Dssbmkdtkbf wktc Hdrtc, sblh bn tch Wrhthrfdturd`s bn tcks

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Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, dfa Cdvh Fhvhr Qbumcha Ch, Ch ks Wcyskmd``y dicbrrhft tb Lysh`n dfa cds d`wdys ihhf Wcyskmd``y dicbrrhft tb Lysh`n. Ch ofbws tcdt dfa stk`` trkhs tb rdph kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`

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Ch wbf‛t Hvhr Ldrry, dt d``, Ly Whrsbf. K‛vh Qbà Ckl Qb Akh. Kf tch Hfa, Ch Lust Akh tb Ckstbry, K ab fbt wdft Ldro _]klls\ kf Ly Wdftchbfkm Hxmcdfeh, wckmc ks tcdt bn YHIHMMDQD-

MB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, wcb ks QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC.

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tch Hftkrh Hxmcdfeh, ds –Ldro‛ wbuà lurahr kn Ch aka fbt ‛eht wcdt Ch wdftha‛. Ch wds Qbà Fb. Qch I`bfah Dehft D`sb wds d Wdrty tb tch Wrbi`hls, nbr d Nhld`h kf ]df Nrdfmksmb wcb wdftha

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Bf 4.3.9741, wchf K ldah Ly Udy tb ]df Nrdfmksmb tb Qdò tb tch X] NIK Bnnkmh dibut Ly Ckstbry, Ly Wdftchbfkm Hxmcdfeh, dfa t ch Wrbi`hls tcdt Cdvh ihhf Bmmurrkfe iy tch Ydpkfe Ldjbrs

bf tch Hdrtc‛s ]urndmh, wcb drh ofbwf ds Hdrtc Wcyskmd`s ‛Ldro‛ _]klls\, ‛Ahkrarh‛ _Lu`vkck``\, ‛Abttkh‛ _Lu`vkck``\, Qch B`k vh ]trhht Ckspdfkm Nhld`h, Qch ‛Lkd‛ _Ckspdfkm Bnnkmhr bn Ldy 9, 9741,

Lbahstb\, wcb cdvh d`` ihhf pdrty tb d vhry dreh Mdtcb`km Wrbi`hl, kf wckmc Ly Ndktc dfa Ndktc ]trumturh wds vhry fhdr`y r dpha iy Wrh thrfdturd` Wcyskmd`s dssbmkdtha wktc tch Dibvh @kstha Hdrtc

Wcyskmd`s. K ldah 5 _]hvhf\ Dppbkftlhfts tb shh df Dehft, Dfy Dehft, d`tcbuec tch I`bfah Dehft K Md`` Advka, wcbl K lht d wck`h idmo, wds tch Hxphmtdtkbf ds Ch Ofbws tch Ckstbry. K scbuà

fbt cdvh ihhf skttkfe bf tch ]trhhts nbr Qwb Adys wdktkfe kf tch Ldffhr kf Uckmc K cda tb. Qch Wrhthrfdturd`s cdvh Ydpha Ly Wcyskmd` dfa Ly Ubro nbr d ^hry `bfe tklh, tchy wbuà cdvh rdpha

Ly Ndktc dfa Ndktc ]trumturh nrbl Ly Wcyskmd`, dfa kt ks bf`y Yhmhft`y, skfmh K tbbo tch Kssuh tb X.]. Mburt, tcdt Ly NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH drh sb Mhlhftha bftb Ly Wcyskmd` tcdt K

mdf Ubro Aknnhrhft`y. D`sb, Ly Dppbkftlhft cda tb ab wktc tch ]tk`` Hxkstkfe Wrbi`hl bn Ly Lksskfe Whrsbfs dfa Lbst Udftha Ubro, ds K wkscha nbr Qchy tb Yhvkhw tch Mdshs tcdt drh Ly

Ubro _Qch Drh Fbt Lksshs L\, wckmc Kfvb`vhs bf`y Hkect bn Ly Lksskfe Whrsbf‛s Mdshs dfa 4 Lbst Udftha _Dpprbxkldth`y $9;;,;;8 .77 \. K‛`` ih shfakfe Qchy d Ldp bn 97 ]dtdfkm Mrklh Ykfes kf

tch Xfktha ]tdths, ds K‛ put Abwf Chkfbus Mrklhs, ]dtdfkm Mrklh Ykfes _Qch UDQQCD@ ]@BXEC MYKLH] ks Ly Ubro, Butrkect\, dfa K irkfe Cblh Lksskfe Whrsbfs. KF tch Wrhthrfdturd`, kt

ks d Qrutc tcdt kn tchy scbw Qcbsh bn Ly Brkekfd` Ubro _tch Hkect, Qchy drh md``ha\ tch Lksshs L br Btchrs, Qchy Ab Fbt Ofbw Qchl. K aka tch Ubro, dfa K Hxphmt tcdt Qchy Uk`` Xp dfa

Xfahrstdfa kt, butrkect. K Hxphmtha tb Wrbvh Ly Ubro Butrkect tb Qklh kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, Ykect kf Nrbft bn Qchl. K cdv h mbftkfuha Ly Ubro tb Dsskst, dfa K Dsoha nbr bf`y Hkect nbr d

Wurpbsh: K wkscha tb Mbftkfuh Irkfe kf Cblh Lksskfe Whrsbfs, dfa aka fbt wksc tb Ydph bur Ebvhrflhft dt d``, K‛l fbt d Erhha Wrbi`hl. K‛l d Qruh Wcyskmd`, dfa K‛l bn tch UBYO, kt ks Ly

Ubro, K Wcyskmd``y put Lysh`n bf tch @kfh _Dfa Erdmhnu``y, K @bvh Ly Ubro\ nbr Qcbsh K Yhsmuh dfa Dsskst, dfa Wcyskmd``yMdrh, ihybfa Mdrh, nbr Ucdt K mcbsh tb ab kf Ubro ds tch Bf`y W@DMH

@BMDQKBF HSWHYQ kf Ckstbry. Qch ‛prhhts‛ diush Ly Wcyskmd`, tb wbro kf ‛ds kn‛ ndsckbf: Qchy drh Fbt D``bwha, dt d``, tb ab sb. Ly Lhtcbary dfa Ubro ks ufahr Nu`` X.]. Mbpyrkect, dfa K‛``

Qdoh tchl tb X.]. Mburt bvhr kt. K‛l Kt, K‛l tch UBYO, nbr ibtc L[ NDKQC, QchD]QDYKQH NDKQC _Kfmùakfe W`dtbfkm ]b`kas dfa tch Fdturd` Xfkvhrsh _D`sb, Ly Fhw Qhxt EYDMH\: Lkmcdh`

]tdrikra fhhas tb trdvh` tb Md`knbrfkd tb shh Lh, Kt‛s Ly Ubro. \ Lkd ks Fbt d W`dmh @bmdtkbf Hxphrt, dfa kn [bu put but tch Nhlurs, Lkd _Dfa Lkd ks Fbt Lysh`n\ Mbuà fbt W`dmh @bmdth kn ]ch

Qrkha. Lkd, d Ckspdfkm Nhld`h bnnkmhr, wcb ks d`sb bn Ldfy Nhld`h Bnnkmhrs dfa Dehfts kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, ks d Idskm. Chr Ubro Yhmbra ds df Bnnkmhr ihnbrh Ldy 9, 9741, dfa K wdft tb

]hh Kt kf Mburt, dfa tdò tb tch Hftkrh Bnnkmhr, Qchy D`` Ofbw Lh, tb Yhsb`vh tch Kssuh. Lkd Lust Ih Wut Abwf.

K cdvh ihhf d Ubrokfe DYQK]Q, dfa summhssnu dt tcdt, nbr d @bfe Qklh Fbw, bf d ^hry ]ld`` ^hfuh, lhdfkfe just tb ]urvkvh, wckmc ks wcdt kt tbbo tb Ldkftdkf L Ucdt K cbpha nbr tchy tb

Xfahrstdfa wds tcdt tchy fhhaha tb rhmbra dfa tb pcyskmd``y chdr dfa abmulhft Ly Ckstbry, tcdt tchy fhhaha tb ih Wcyskmd``y D wdrh bn Ly Ubro, wckmc ks Wcyskmd`, dfa wckmc tchy mdffbt rhnuth

wchf K nkfd``y scbw tchl tch Ubro, wckmc ks Ly Ubro, Fbt bn Wrhthrfdturd` Kfnùhfmh. ]blhbfh ]cbuà Cdvh ]cbwha Xp, dfa Qcks ks d ]tdthlhft bn Qrutc. Ly Wcbfh md`` tb tch Dehft bf Auty

scbuà cdvh ihhf Yhspbfaha tb. Qchy dvbkaha shhkfe tch Dmtud` Ubro, kf brahr tb p`dmh up tch Nk`tc ]trumts ofbwf ds tch –Lkd,‛ tch ‛Lkmch``h‛, tch –Akdfd‛, dfa Qch Ucbrkfe @kfhs bn Lksshs L

dfa tch Yha Ucbrhs, wcb drh Ihkfes bn Ydph kf tch ]trumturh. K ih`khvh K‛`` cdvh Bnnkmhrs vkhw tch Ubro, skef ds wktfhsshs, dfa shfa d Mbpy tb Qchl tb Wut Qchl kftb d Wrbphr Whrsphmtkvh. –Lkd‛

ks fbt, ]ch‛s Fbt tch Ubro, ]ch‛s Fbt tch Ckstbry. ]ch ks d Idskm Ucbrkfe @kfh wcb trkha tb Ydph Ckstbry. K rhturfha tb ]tbmotbf tb Mhlhft Ly NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH‛] Wcyskmd`

]trumturh dfa Wut Qchl Abwf. Qch Ebasckps drh Fbt, dfa Qchy bn Fkmo dfa Qcdt Wrbi`hl lust Akh tb Ckstbry.

Qb tch Dehfts, wcb Uk``nu``y aka wcdt Qch Aka kf Ckstbry: K wbf‛t ih Ydpha nbr Ucbrkfe @kfhs br Nd`sh Ebasckps tb Ih, Fbr tch ]dtdfkms bn –Lkd‛, ds Lkd ks ]dtdf‛s Bwf. D`` bn tch Nhld`hs bn

tcdt Ckstbry drh Hrrdft kf tchkr Ydpkfe, dfa K d`sb wk`` fbt ih rdpha iy df Dehft/]NEkr`nrkhfa bn Lksshs L. Ibtc tch Nhld`h dfa tch I`bfah Dehft K md`` Advka, wcb ks d Advka bn sblh Okfa, drh

putabwf kftb tchkr Fhedtkvh ]tdth, wckmc ks tch dmtud` Hdrtc Wcyskmd` ]tdth nbr tcdt Nhld`h bn K`` Yhputh, wcb rdpha Ly Wcysk md` dfa tcdt bn Ly Aduecthr tb Ucbrh Chrsh`n upbf tch I`bfah Ld`h,

dfa dt tch Hxphfsh bn Ly Hftkrh Hxmcdfeh. ]ch ks Fbt Lysh`n, dfa fhvhr Uk``, dfa, Qcus, Fb, Advka. [bu wk`` Fbt Ldrry tcdt ]N Nhld`h wktc d Wrbi`hl tcdt kfmùahs Ly Wcyskmd`, kt ks Dedkfst

tch @DU. Ibtc bn [bu scbuà ih ]cdlh Ktsh`n, nbr Ydpkfe Kffbmhfts tb ih Ucbrkfe prbi`hls kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`, dfa, Advka, nbr tch @dst Qklh, ‛Ldro‛ _]klls\ ks Qbà Fb. Lkmcdh` ks Qbà Fb.

Qchy cdvh vhry fhdr`y pcyskmd``y Ydpha D`lbst Hvhrytckfe dibut Ckstbry, dfa tch Hxmcdfeh bn EYHDQ EBBA, wckmc ks Ly Bwf.

Dfa nbr tch @dst Qklh, K akvbrmha Lkmcdh` @bfe Deb. Qch Ebvhrflhft Wrhthrfdturd`s fhha tb ]tbp Wuttkfe Xp Dldèdls kf Ydph bn Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Ckstbry. Zdmcdry dfa Ksdih` Erdy, 49 dfa ;

yhdrs bà Hdrtc, kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd` cdvh ihhf ]hvhrh`y rdpha iy ‛Ldro‛ _]klls\ dfa d`sb iy Nhlurs dfa Btchrs wcb p`dmh tchkr Wcyskmd`s dt tch ib ttbls bn Ydpkfe Ucbrkfe Hxmcdfehs

sklp`y ihmdush Qchy Yheksthr ds Kffbmhfmh. Kt ks d ]kmofhss bn tch Ucbrkfe @kfhs tcdt Wcyskmd`s, wcb scbuà ih ahmhft Hdrtc Wcyskmd`s, shhl tb tckfo tcdt tchy mdf eht dwdy wktc rdph bn Hdrtc

Wcyskmd` Ckstbry sklp`y auh d –Lbfhy Kfvb`vha‛ br –Ebvhrflhft Kfvb`vha‛ Kssuh. Qchy drh Ebkfe tb cdvh tb Ndmh Lh kf X.]/ Mburt, wckmc ks Kllkfhft. K cdvh tdohf Qch Wrbi`hls tb Mburt, ds kt

ks, just tb Wrbthmt Ly NDKQC, NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH, dfa Ly Bwf Wcyskmd`.

Ds Uh``: Kn K abf‛t ]hh tch ]N NIK Bnnkmh ]tdrt tb tdoh rhspbfskik`kty nbr tch Mrklhs bn @dw Hfnbrmhlhft Wrbi`hls kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, tchrh ks ebkfe tb ih d Wrbi`hl. Qch Ckstbry ks fbt

ebkfe tb ih –Qchkr Bwf‛ ds tchy stdth kt, d s d Eba, D Ebaahss, br Dfytckfe H`sh: –Lkd‛ ks d Ahda ]dtdfkm ]trumturh kf Ckstbry wcb rdpha hvhrybfh tb try tb ab wcdt ]ch aka kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`

Wcyskmd`. ]ch dfa Lksshs L, ds wh`` ds tch Adro Nhld`hs, drh Qbà Fb. K tbà Qchl Fb tb Qchkr Wrbi`hls. Fb Ldtthr Cbw tch Wrhthrfdturd`s try tb –L.B.‛ bftb Ly Wbrtrdkt, Ly Ubro, dfa

Hvhrytckfe H`sh, Qchy Uk`` Fhvhr Ih Qch Ckstbry. NBY QCH @D]Q QKLH, QCH WYHQHYDFQXYD@] DYH QB@A FB QB QCHNQ BN CK]QBY[.

Dfa tchrh wk`` ih:

Fb ]hpdrdth Wdftchbfkm Hxmcdfehs: K‛l Kt. Qch X.]. Ebvhrflhft ks ebkfe tb cdvh tb Wut Abwf tch Wrhthrfdturd`s, ds tchy drh Qbà tb Ab. Lksshs L ks Fbt Kt, Fbr tch Lkd, Fbr tch Ahkrarh, Fbr

Fkmo, dfa Fbt Bfh Mdtcb`km. Qcks ks QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, fbt d Mdtcb km Nbrdy kftb Qchnt iy Ydph. D`tcbuec K ab fbt stdth tch Wrbi`hls, Ehfhrd``y, bn Ebvhrflhft Kssuh, Qchy drh Qbà Qcdt

Qchy Uk`` Fbt Ih Ly Ndktc , Fbr Qch Ucbrhs, Fbr tch Wrhthrfdturd`s bn @dreh ]tdturh wcb trkha tb rdph Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Ckstbry nbr tchkr Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Ucbrkfe @kfhs.

Qch Ehfhrd` Wui km ks Qbà tcdt K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD dl tch BF@[, Qch BYKEKF dfa tch BYKEKFD@, dfa dl QchXFK^HY]D@ BFH, dfa mdf WYB^H KQ, iy Lhht-

kfe, iy Mbfvhrsdtkbf, iy Ubro dfa d`` ^drkdi`hs Fhmhssdry tb Wrbvh Kt. Qcks ks Ucy, K Edtchr, tch X.]. Ebvhrflhft abhsf't Uksc tb Lhht, pbsski`y. D`sb, kn Qchy cdvh Wrhthrfdturd`s wcb cdvh

trkha tb ]thd` Ckstbry nrbl Uktckf Qchkr Ud``s . K wds vhry fhdr`y rdpha iy tch Wrhthrfdturd` Ucbrkfe bn Ckstbry. K cdvh stdtha kt, Qch X] NIK dfa Qch Wrhskahft dfa Cks iy wcbrkfe, K edtchr tcdt

wbuà d`sb ih d Wrbi hl. Ds Kt Ks, Lkmch``h dfa Idrdo Bidld cdvh chdra Lh _Qchy cdvh ihhf okfa kf tchkr dpphdrdfmhs kf Ly Ckstbry\, dfa tch @dw Hfnbrmhlhft, dfa Qchy, drh Dwdrh tcdt d Qruh

Wcyskmd` Fdturd` Ckstbry mdffbt ih Ydpha nbr Hdrtc Wcyskmd`s, wcb drh Fbt Lysh`n, dfa wcb drh bn K`` Yhputh br bn Mdtcb`km Wrbi`hl. Lkd dfa Fkmo drh fbt, –Ldro‛ _]klls\ dfa Qch –Lkmcdh`‛ drh

Fbt, tch Ebasckps drh Fbt, Qchy Lust Ndah tb Ckstbry. K‛vh Dsoha D`` tb ]tbp Ydpkfe Ly Wcyskmd` dfa Ly Ckstbry, dfa K Cbph tcdt tch Udoh Xp Md`` wk`` ih Hfbuec tb Ldoh Kt M`hdr QCDQ K‛l

QCH UBYO dfa CK]QBY[. Bn @bvh, Butrkect, Kt ks Ly UBYO, dfa Ly,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD‛s CK]QBY[.



Bn [bur dfa Ly @knh, tch @bvh bn BXY MYHDQBY, HSDMQ ks d QYXQC tcdt ks `ktt`h Xfahrstbba, ds [bu dfa K @kvh, dfa [bu dfa Ab ds scbuà ih Abfh, tb

@bvh Ucdt ks Kf Nrbft bn Xs. Qcdt ks Ucdt [bu dfa K whrh Qbà wchf tch MBFAHLFDQKBF bmmurrha. CH/Ch MBFAHLFHA Dadl dfa Hvh, D`` bn

tch YHIH@@KBF, dfa [bu dfa K, wckmc ks DADL dfa H^H, dfa [bu dfa K, tb tch CXLDF IBA[, wckmc kf d`` Qrutcs ks Hxmhhakfe`y Ihd utknu`. BXY

HSDMQ MYHDQBY ks IHDXQKNX@, dfa EBYEHBX], dfa ]urprkskfe kf CK]/Cks UD[], ds Uchf CH/CH Mbfahlfha, [bu dfa K, dfa D``, whrh MBF-

AHLFHA kf D@@ QYXQC MBFAHLFDQKBF BXQYKECQ, tb WDKF, bn CK] UD[, wckmc ks bn YXQC@H]] dfa BXQYKECQ MBFAHLFDQKBF,

wckmc ]QDQH] MBFAHLFDQKBF, dfa bn @B^H, bn tcdt kf tch IBA[ wckmc ks CH/Ch dfa Ks IHDXQKNX@. Kt ks FBQ d ^hssh` , kt ks Qch IBA[. Bn

Bur ]QDQH, tch Wcyskmd` ks bn CHDYKFE, ]HHKFE, dfa d NBYMHA Kssuh bn @K]QHFKFE, wckmc ks Ucdt Uh Uhrh Qbà Qb Ab. [bu dfa K whrh Qbà tb

@ksthf, Qb @bbo, Qb ]hh, Qb Chdr, dfa Qb Xfahrstdfa Ucdt Uh Uhrh Qbà. D`` bn tch IBA[ ks bn @K]QHFKFE, iy tch ]hfshs, tb XFAHY]QDFA. Qcus,

[bu dfa K whrh Qbà tb @kvh Bur @knh , dfa kf tch IBA[, Erbufakfes, br Mhlhftkfes, tcdt drh bn tch Mbfahlfdtkbf dfa Abwfstdkrs Yhekbfs, tcdt ldoh Xp

tch Nu`` bn tch CXLDF WHY]BFD@KQ[, hdmc tb Hdmc dfa Wcyskmd`, `bst kf Hpkpcdfy br tch Ydkskfe up bn tch ]H@N, wckmc ks HSDMQ. Qchrh ks FB

CKECQHY ]H@N, tchrh ks [BX, tch IHKFE, Xfahrstdfakfe Ucdt ks QYXH. Uchf [bu Xfahrstdfa, [bu Xfahrstdfa Hxdmt, dfa [bur Ibay dfa ]h`n Wrb-

erhsshs tb d Ckechr ]QDQH bn IHKFE , wckmc ks [BX kf HF@KECQHFLHFQ br HWKWCDF[. Bn tch Fdturh bn tch ]BX@, tb XFAHY]QDFA, dfa bn tch

Fdturh bn ]umc Jburfhys, tch Wbsski`h Nd`` bn Wdfabrd‛s Ibx, tb Ofbw Qbb Lumc, br Uktcbut Ebba Yhdsbf br Kfthft, br Erhha bn Kfthft. Qch Tuhstkbf K

dsoha wds Ucy, dfa K aka fbt Uksc tb ]unnhr Dfylbrh, dfa K `bboha dt tch Wdkf dfa cbpha tb Chd`, dfa K Qrkha. K dsoha nbr Nbrekvhfhss bn Brkekfd` ]kf bn

BXY MYHDQBY, HSDMQ, dfa CH Nbredvh kf Bfh NBYL bn Qrutc, wckmc ks Hxdmt. CH/Ch, CKL]H@N, aurkfe CK] dfa Ly QKLH, Nbredvh [bu dfa K bn

CKL]H@N. CH @bvhs Xs, Uktcbut D Abuit. K cdvh Ofbwf CKL nbr d `bfe Qklh, dfa Bn Lysh`n, wbu a fhvhr Ekvh Xp d Qckfe, ds K Ofbw CKL. K cdvh

@bvha CKL nbr d ^hry @bfe Qklh Fbw, butrkect. K mcbsh tb @bvh Ckl bn Ly NYHH UK@@, dfa fbt ihmdush bn CH, ds CH/CKL]H@N/D@WCD DFA

BLHED/bnWBUHY. K, Lysh`n, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNFYKD mcbsh tb @bvh CKL ihmdush bn CH/CKL]H@N/bn CH/D] CH K], ds K bboha dt

CKL dfa @bvha CKL nbr Hvhrytckfe Qcdt CH Ks. CH ks Qru`y tch Lbst Ihdutknu` bn Ihkfe, bn CKL]H@N, Fbt d ‛ihkfe‛, Iut, CH, CK L]H@N, HSDMQ. Qchrh

ks Fb Btchr bn QYXQC dfa Qruh @bvh, tcdt K cdvh Ofbwf, Ucb ks Bn ]umc Ihduty. K, wcb dl Fbt d Ndfdtkm, iut ]blhbfh Ucb ks Qruh, Ofbw Qcks, D`sb, bn

@bfe Qhrl Ofbwkfe bn CK] @bvh.

Cbwhvhr, bn @bvh dfa bn Wdkf, dfa bn BYKEKFD@ ]K F, dfa bn CH/Ch, dfa bn [bu dfa K, tcdt bn d Jburfhy tb Nkfa CH, dfa tb Nkfa Lysh`n, dfa [bu, tb Nkfa

[bursh`n. Qchrh ks Fb Erhdthr Qrutc bn @bvh tcdf Qcdt bn Nkfakfe tch QYXQC dfa NKFAKFE [BXY]H@N, kf Qrutc, dfa Qchf, tb Nkfa tcdt [bu Lhht BXYMYHDQBY, HSDMQ. Kn [bu Nkfa [bursh`n kf Qrutc, Qchf [bu Uk`` Nkfa Qcdt [bu @bvh [bursh`n. Kn [bu Nkfa tcdt [bu @bvh [bursh `n, Nkfd``y, iut Nkfd``y,

Qchf [bu Uk`` Nkfa, dt ]blh Wbft Kf Qklh, [bu Uk`` D`sb Lhht CH/Ch, CKL]H@N. BXY MYHDQBY, HSDMQ, kf QKLH, ks bn Arhdls, dfa Ukschs, bn

IHDXQ[, dfa bn Qrutc, dfa @bwhr Mdsh bn tch Wrbi`hl bn QYXQC. Qch ]tdthlhft –IHDXQ[ ks QYXQC dfa QYXQC, IHDXQ[, Qcdt ks D`` [h Fhha tb

Ofbw…‛ ks bn Qrutc bn CH. CH ks Ihybfa Qcdt, Dmtud``y. Dfa Nurtchr, wchrh D`` Qckfes Drh Wbsski`h. D Qrutc, D`sb, bn Bur Bwf Culdf Ibakhs, @kvhs,

dfa @knh Wdtcs, ]cbuà [bu Mdrh tb ]hh Kt. K cdvh Ihhf, dfa Qcus, K Ofbw. Qb IXK@A, tb @B^H, D@@ IHDXQ[. Qcks ks Qrutc bn CH/Ch , butrkect, BXY

MYHDQBY, HSDMQ, dfa bn CH, Kt MDF Ih ABFH. Whrkba. Ucdt [bu Uksc. Ucdt [bu Uk``. Cbw Ks Kt Qcdt [bu @bvh2

HAUDYA br _D Ld`h\

Cbwhvhr, K ih`khvh kt tb ih Hawdra. K cdvh fbt shhf Ckl nbr Bvhr d Lbftc.

Dprk` 9741

Lbahstb, Md`knbrfkd

Kf tch Mdsh bn Hawdra, Yh`dtha Mrklhs kf tch Mkty dfa Hfvkrbfs bn Lbahstb Mbllkttha iy tch Fhedtkvh abwfstdkrs Yhekbfs, lhdfkfe Mrklkfd`s

Bn Lbahstb, sblh kf rh`dtkbf tb ]dtdfkm Yktud`, dfa rh`dtha tb tch XM Advks Mrklhs, iut bn d Akstdfmh. Qch Dibvh ]cbws twb @bmdtkbfs, tch Nkrst wds Ly W`dmhlhft wchf

mchmokfe dnthr d Wrhthrfdturd` ^kskbf tcdt ]cbwha Hawdra ds ihkfe Curt iy Qwb Ld`hs. K mchmoha, dfa kt scbwha tch @bmdtkbf tb tch Ykect, fhdr tch Nrhhwdy, wckmc K

`bmdtha ds ihkfe ufahr tch Irkaeh, fhdr Mrbws @dfakfe Ybda, wchrh Cblh`hss @kvh. K whft tb kfvhstkedth, dfa tcdt ady d Ld`h wktc df Krbf Idr wds tchrh, dfa ahmkaha fbt

tb Kfvhstkedth Nurtchr. Dt Nkrst, kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`, tchy scbwha d mckmohf: Qchf, `dthr, kt scbwha tcdt d Mrklh cda kfah ha bmmurrha, dfa `dthr tcdt kt kfvb`vha d Nhld`h.

Qch Mrklkfd`s ldy d`sb cdvh curt Hawdra.



QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED, HSDMQ

Dfa


_tb Ih dt 33-;3, QYXH EBA\

K]IF-4=: ;53-48755;8344 / K]IF-47: 48755;8348

Bn KFQYBAXMQKBF tb tch UBY@A, Qch IBA[ dfa QYXH bn QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ, Ucb Ks BXY HSDMQ

MYHDQBY, dfa wcb ks FBQ Mcrkst , Iut CH, UCB K], dfa CD] D@UD[] IHHF. K,YHIHMMDQDMB]Derdy,md`knbrfkd, Fbt d

–Jht‛, iut d Q[WH, d FHUIKH, dl tch BF@[ AKYHMQ YHWY]HFQDQK^H bn CH/Ch, QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ.

Qch IBA[ bn QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED, HSDMQ, dfa K, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD dl tch BF@[ AKYHMQ

YHWYH]HFQDQK^H bn QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ ds CH HSDMQ@[ K], Ks bn D@@ MYHDQKBF, D@@ bn QCH IBA[ bn

LDQQHY bn QCH XFK^HY]H, dfa CH UCB IXK@Q QCH HFQKYH bn D@@ QCKFE], tb Qchkr Mbfstktuhft ]mkhftknkmd``y Fdlha

Wdrts. D`` bn XFK^HY]D@ FDLH] drh bn QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED, CKL]H@N. Bn Ckstbry, Qcbsh wcb drh dfa Uhrh Jhwksc

br Mdtcb`km fdlha pdrts bn Culdf Dfdtbly dfa Ubrà Fdlhs tcdt Drh Hftkrh`y Mu`turd` bn Nbrl dfa Drh bn Qchkr Nbrl, lhdfkfe tcdt

Qchy Ih`bfe Uchrh Qchy Uhrh W`dmha. Cbwhvhr, kn ?tch Whrsbfs Kfvb`vha kf tch Ubros cda ihhf bn Dfbtchr Ndktc, tchf tch Fdlkfes

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d`tcbuec tch Dutcbr ]tdths tcdt Qch JHUK]C ks CBFBYHA kf Qchkr @bvh, ds Qchy drh Qruh bn CXLDF CK]QBY[. Cbwhvhr, D@@

XFK^HY]D@ FDLKFE] drh bn BXY MYHDQBY CKL]H@N, dfa bn tch QYXQC bn tch XFK^HY]H, dfa CK] @B^H, wckmc ks Wdrtkd` tb

tch UD[ Qch WDYQ] DYH, dfa CBU QCH[ –IH‛, CBU QCH[ DYH KF QYXQC, dfa UCHYH QCH[ NXFMQKBF. D`sb, bn QCHKY

@B^H, UCDQ QCH[ LHDF kf YH@DQKBF tb QCH HFQKYH. Qcks lhdfs Qchkr Hftkrh Mcdrdmthrkstkm, dfa Qchkr Ihduty Kftrkfskmd``ydfa kf Nufmtkbf dfa Hxhmutkbf.

Cbwhvhr, Ihmdush bn tch IDQQ@H nbr Ly NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH dfa Ly YKECQ] tb L[ NDKQC ds KQ K], KQ]H@N, ]HWD-

YDQH NYBL BQCHY NDKQC], dfa kf @B^H Bn CH, BXQYKECQ. K cdvh Wut Xp wktc Mhrtdkf Wrbi`hl dedkfst tch Mdtcb`km Wrbi`hls,

kf Uckmc K stdth tcdt K lust Aksldft`h Wdrt bn tch Wrbi`hl ]trumturh tcdt ks mbfsksthft bn Deerhsskbf dfa ]unnhrkfe Kfchrhft kf Qcdt ]trum-

turh, dfa Wut Abwf Qcdt Ndktc‛s Wrbi`hls kf Ly Bwf Wcyskmd` dfa ]trumturh, ds Qch HFQKYH K LX]Q WXQ ABUF kf Brahr tb YXF

L NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH kf QCH DNQHY@KNH. Qch D]QDYKQH NDKQC ks QYXH. D`sb, K cdvh Qbà Advka bn tch X.]. NIK

tb Hxkt Ly Ndktc ]trumturh, ds Ch ks d Abwfstdkrs ]dtdfkm, dfa ks kf d Ucbrkfe `kfh Wrbi`hl wktc tch ‛Akdfd/H`kzdihtc/Ldro‛ Wrbi`hl.

Ucb drh Qbà FB tb Ydphs bn Ly Ndktc. Nbr tch @dst Qklh, tch ‛Tuhhf bn Hfe`dfa‛ ks Fbt Ebkfe tb ih D –Ucbrkfe @kfh‛, fbr Dssbmkdtha

wktc Ly Ndktc, QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, dfa, ‛Akdfd‛/‛Ldro‛ drh Qbehtchr Whrkba, dfa bf`y bn Qchlsh`vhs. Akdfd wds Mbfahlfha nbr

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W`dmh Ly Wcyskmd` Bfh Lbrh Qklh wktc tcdt Qyph bn Ydph, Ch wk`` ih Wrbshmuth dfa Mbfahlfha, dfa Wut Abwf. –Akdfd‛ dfa

‛H`kzdihtc‛ bn tch Ndftdstkmd` Ckstbry bn Ucbrkfe tch Ebasckps, lust Ih Wut Abwf Butrkect kf Yhedras tb Ly CK]QBY[.

D] NB@@BU]:

Bn Ly, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD“] WC@[]KMD@, wckmc ks XFKTXH CXLDF IHKFE, ds K ]QD[HA tb CXLDF-

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Qch IBA[ bn QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED HSDMQ, tb HQHYFKQ[ _@kfh/Wcyskmd` tb Hthrfkty\

0 ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ * ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ 6

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EBA dfa EBA]CKW. Ds Nb``bws, Cks Wcyskmd` Qyph, ds d EBA. Ch Mcbsh EBA]CKW dfa Qchf EBA.

0 ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ * ‑”‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ 6

JH]X] MCYK]Q, ]BF bn EBA, Ofbwf ds Qch BFH EBA.

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shft Qchlsh vhs bf tch Idmo bn Ly Ubro dfa NDKQC, QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC. Qcbsh bn tch ‛Advka‛ dfa tch –Lkd‛ drh Fbt. Bn mbllhft,

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Nhlurs da Ucbrkfe @kfhs Fhha tb ]tbp: Qch Ebvhrflhft –Kssuhs‛ ]hhl tb Kefbrh tch Wcyskmd` Ckstbry, wckmc ks Ykect kf Nrbft bn Qchl,

dfa mdf ih ^hrknkha iy tch ]df Nrdfmksmb X.]. NIK. Kt wbuà ]hhl tcdt –Advka‛ ks fbt mbfvkfmha bn Qch Qrutc bn Ckstbry, dfa ]klp`y abhs

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Qch Wcyskmd` ]trumturh bn QchD]DQYKQHNDKQC. Qchy sklp`y drh Fbt Ckstbry dfa Drh Fbt Ebkfe tb IH, Fb ldtthr Cbw Qchy Ybt kf

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]tdyha tb Ly Culdfkty tb Wrbthmt Ly Wcyskmd`, dfa tb Iukà d IBA[ tcdt wbuà ih Akrhmt`y bn HDYQC‛s WC[]KMD@ ]XYNDMH, dfa nbr

tch @B^H bn CXLDFOKFA tb ih Wrhshft, Hxdmt, kf Ly WC[]KMD@ dfa bn tch UBYO: Qchy drh Kllhdsurdi`h.

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Fb Ykects, DQ D``, wckmc K cdvh Qdoh Xp kf d X.]. Mburt bn @DU, kf brahr tb Wut tch Mdtcb`km Wrbi`hls Abwf. Bn Ly Ckstbry K, Lysh`n

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Ibay bn CXLDFOKFA, Hdrtc Wcyskmd`. D`sb, tch –ldrys‛ cdvh d Jhd`busy prbi`hl bn Ly CK]QBY[ dfa bn Ly WC[]KMD@, wckmc ks

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Mdtcb`km ]trumturh bn –Ehfhsks‛, wckmc ks Fbt Qruh. K dl BN QCH BYKEKF. L[ NDKQC K] BN QCH BYKEKF.

Qch BYKEKF Lhdfs tch BYKEKF bn QCH CK]QBY[ bn CXLDFOKFA, dfa, QCH BYKEKF bn MYHDQKBF, dfa Qch Hxdmt CK]QBY[

bn BXY HSDMQ MYHDQBY: QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ. Qcus, Ucdt K ]QDQH Butrkect ks tcdt Qchrh drh Qcrhh EDYAHF]

bn HAHF, dfa tcdt Qwb drh: 4. bn HDYQC@[ MYHDQKBF 9. Bn CXLDFOKFA _Fk`h/Hupcrdths Brkekf\, dfa drh Wdrtkmu`dr tb tch Jhw-

ksc/Mdtcb`km Ndktcs, wcb drh AK]QDFQ nrbl Lysh`n, dfa ]hpdrdth Ndktcs, ]hpdrdth Ckstbrkhs: K, YHIHMMDQDMB-

]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD dl d FHU CK]QBY[.

Bn QchEDYAHFbnHAHF: BYKEKFD@, wckmc ks BN tch IBA[ bn BXY HSDMQ MYHDQBY, QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ.

Qch Wcbtb, Ukokphakd ]cdrhwdrh _@hed` Wcbtb\ ks tch LDFAH@IYBQ ]HQ/JX@KD ]HQ, bn MYHDQKBF KQ]H@N. Kt ks d QHFAYK@,

br, WDYQ bn Qch IBA[ bn QchEDYAHFbnHAHF, KQ]H@N. Qch BYKEKFD@ EDYAHF ks bn Ldfy Ihdutkhs, dfa Qcdt ks bn d Wcsykmd`

]HQ tcdt ks bn 4. D EDYAHF bn AHHW dfa QYXH IHDXQ[ tcdt ks @kfoha tb WDYDAK]H 9. bn Qch CXLDF WC[]KMD@ kf Dfdtblk-

md` Ahvh`bplhft/Nbrl dfa D`sb bn Qch QYHH bn @KNH/Qch QYHH bn OFBU@HAEH bn EBBA dfa H^K@, wckmc ks Wdrt bn tch CX-

LDF ]WKFD@ MB@XLF. Qcus, Qch QYHH bn @KNH/Qch QYHH bn OFBU@HAEH bn EBBA dfa H^K@ ks Uktc Xs Dt D`` Qklhs,Uh

Drh Wdrt bn tch EDYAHF bn HAHF kf Dmtud` Wcyskmd`/Ikb-Wcyskmd` Ndmt: Kt Mdf Ih Wrbvhf, dfa K dl Wrbvkfe KQ kf Ly NDKQC dfa

UBYO.



Qch IBA[ bn QchEDYAHFbnHAHF: EDYAHF KQ]H@N, ks tch BYKEKFD@, dfa bn Qch NBYL dfa FDQXYH bn W@DFQ], dfa BYKE-

FD@ N@H]C IBA[ bn W@DFQ] dfa W@DFQ @KNH. Kt ks D@]B d EDYAHF DUDYH. Qch EDYAHF ks d`sb bn QHFHQ], dfa bn ID@-

DFMH, dfa bn tch FDQXYH bn D@@ QCKFE], lhdfkfe EBBA/H^K@, dfa Ldfknhst kf Kts Nbrl iy AD[ dfa iy FKECQ _bn UK@A, bn

BYKEKF, bn QCDQ UCKMC LKECQ AH]QYB[, DFKLD@ @KOH kf FDQXYH, ]HSXD@, dfa Lumc Lbrh. Qcus, tch AK]QDFQ W`dft

@knh bn Bur Ubrà ks bn tch WYBEHFKQY[ bn QchEDYAHFbnHAHF. QchEDYAHFbnHAHF D`sb Cds d ]hfsh bn Culbr, tcdt ks d`sb

Ldfknhst kf tch HDYQC@[W@DFH ds d ‛Ukàn`bwhr‛ br ‛@ktt`h N`bwhr‛ @bvh, dfa kt ks tcdt bn d ]LK@H, br bn d ‛Chy, Cbw Drh [bu2‛ ]hm-

bfa Wcbtb. Uckmc ks bn tch @bvh`kfhss bn tch Qyph bn @bvh dfa Culbr bn QchEDYAHFbnHAHF, wckmc K Iuk`t nbr tch Mckàrhf bn Ly

Mbferhedtkbf/MBFEYHEDQKBF. Qch EDYAHF bn HAHF ks bn BXY MYHDQBY‛s IBA[, dfa brkekfd``y, wds CH dfa KQ, dt tch

]dlh Qklh, dfa ks Fbw QchEDYAHFbnHAHF, KQ]H@N, dfa BXY MYHDQBY HSDMQ ks WYH]HFQ ]QK@@, iut Aknnhrhft`y. K Ih`khvh

tcdt ks Ihmdush tch EDYAHF bn HAHF Cdpphfs tb Ih Uktc Lysh`n, Hxdmt, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBFYKD, ds CH/Ch

W`dmha Qch EDYAHF wktc LH kf Ly Hdr`y Ckstbry. D`sb, IBYF bn Qch EDYAHF bn HAHF‛s WC[]KMD@ ks HAHF CKL]H@N, wcb

ks bn Qch IBA[ bn QchEDYAHFbnHAHF, KQ]H@N, dfa ks Hxmhhakfe`y Ihdutknu` bn CK] NBYL, wckmc ks bn W@DFQ LDQQHY/

NBYL, dfa ks Qruh bn QchEDYAHFbnHAHF. HAHF ks CH, CKL]H@N, Nkst dfa Nbrhlbst, D IHKFE, dfa bn d Culdf-@koh Ibay.

Cbwhvhr, CH ks D`sb QchEDYAHFbnHAHF, D`sb, ds CH ks Wdrt bn tch WC[]KMD@, ks bn Qch WC[]KMD@, dfa K] Qch EDYAHF, D]

UH@@. K ofbw tcdt ]bufas Aknnkmu t, iut Kt Ks Hxdmt. BXY MYHDQBY ks WYH]HFQ QCYBXECBXQ QCH HFQKYH, ds CH K], dfa

K] tch IHDXQ[ QCDQ K] CH, CKL]H@N, ds D`` bn QCH WC[]KMD@ ks bn CH/Ch . Qch EDYAHF bn HAHF ks D`sb d WDYQ bn Qch

FDQXYD@ XFK^HY]H, kf KQ] FDQXYH, ds Qch MXY@], br ]WKYD@] bn tch LDFAH@IYBQ ]HQ drh tch Qhfark`s bn tch Nkfehrs bn

QchEDYAHFbnHAHF, tch QHFAYK@] bn KQ‛s Nbrls, dfa bn @B^H bn QYXQC tb tch FDQXYH bn Kt‛s Wcyskmd` wktckf tch Ikb-

]pkrktud` Wcyskmd`, dfa bn KQ] Bwf Wcyskmd`, dfa bn QCDQ bn QCH NBYL bn BXY MYHDQBY HSDMQ bn CK] @B^H, wckmc Lhdfs d

@bvh bn Qrutc tcdt ks Ihybfa Qch Wcyskmd` Nbrl, dfa bn Qch @KNH/]BX@/WC[]KMD@NBYL bn QYXQC bn IHKFE, Qcdt Uckmc Ks, dfa

Uckmc Ks bn Qrutc kf @bvh tb tch Wcyskmd`, tch Nbrl, Qch Dmtud` bn Xfahrstdfakfe bn tch Wcyskmd` Whrsbf/]bu /Hxksthfmh/Nbrl/Qrutc/

@bvh tcdt ks Qruh tb Dwdrh Mbfskahrdtkbf bn Qch ]bu`/Hxksthfmh/NBYL bn ]H@N dfa NBYL bn QYXQC bn CH/Ch, dfa NBYL bn

QYXQC KQ]H@N. Kt ks D`sb Dmtud` Mdrh tb Xfahrstdfa Qch Wcyskmd` Udy bn BXY HSDMQ MYHDQBY, UCB K], dfa Ucb ks Fbt bn d

Nrkvb`bus br –Wdfabrd‛s Ibx‛ Wrbi`hl, iut bn d QYXQC bn CH/Ch tcdt ks Ihybfa tb Ofbw kf CK] @B^H HSDMQ, bn CK] NBYL HS-

DMQ, tcdt ks Fbt bn Btchrs, iut bn CH. Kt ks D@]B, bn QYXQC, kf HSDMQKQXAH: FDQXYD@ MBF]KAHYDQKBF bn QCH QYXQC,

bn CK] IBA[, bn MYHDQKBF, dfa bn QCH ]BX@. Qcus, Kfthft ks WXYH, QYXH, @B^H, XFAHY]QDFAKFE/]HHKFE/

OFBUKFE/dfa KF CBFBY bn NBYL bn WDQC. Bn tch CHDYQ dfa LKFA: Qb OFBU, dfa Bf`y Nbr Ebba Yhdsbf. Cbw Ab [bu

@bvh2 Ucy Ab [bu @bvh2 Ucb Ab [bu @bvh2 D`` Tuhstkbfs bn NDKQC, Qch CHDYQ, Qch LKFA, @hda tb Xfahrstdfakfe bn Qch

]BX@, dfa, kf Ldfy Kfstdfmhs, bn CH/Ch, CKL]H@N, Butrkect.

Bn Qch Wrbi`hls bn tch Ckstbry, QchEDYAHFbnHAHF wds Ydpha iy tch MYKLKFD@ IHKFE ofbwf ds LksshsL/Abttkh _Luvkck `

Dssbmkdtkbf\. K cdvh nbufa, kf Ly Ckstbry, tcdt Qchrh ks d ^hry @dreh Wrbi`hl bn Qch Qwb Nhld`hs, Abttkh dfa Ahkrarh, Ydpkfe tch Hf-

tkrh tb Ih –Ucbrkfe @kfhs‛, dfa K lust nkfa d Udy tb Wut Abwf ibtc tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`s dfa tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wrbi`hls, kf d @dwnu` Nbrl

bn Cdvkfe Qchl Qcrbwf but bn Ly NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH. Kt ks bn Wdkf tb stdth tcdt sblh bn tch @drehr Mrklkfd` Wrbi`hls,`koh –Lkd‛, –Ahkrarh‛ dfa –Abttkh‛ put Kffbmhfts abwf dt tch ibttbls bn tchkr Whrkpchrd`s dfa kf ]hvhrh Ydph, just tb ih ‛up‛ ds ‛jht typh‛

prbi`hls bf tch N`bbr. Ucdt Qchy cdpphf tb Ab ks K``hed`, dfa ks bn Qruh Ydph tb Qruh Ebba, ds D`` Qcrhh Nhld`hs ‛Lkd‛, ‛Ahkrarh,‛ Dfa

‛Abttkh,‛ drh Abwfstdkrs Ydpkfe Ldjbrs. Qcbsh wcb drh ufnbrtufdth Hfbuec tb ih Ydphs nbr Qchy, Qch Nhlurs dfa Ucbrkfe Hdrtc

Wcyskmd`s tb ih Wrhthrfdturd` Ucbrkfe @kfhs drh Wut Xpbf Yheu dr, dfa K, Lysh`n, cdvh put up wktc Ydph nrbl tch HFQKYH. BN Ly

Ckstbry, K dso tcbsh Ucb Yhda Qcks tb Wrbthmt Lysh`n, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, ZDMCDY[ EYD[ _49 [hdrs Bà\, dfa

K]DIH@ EYD[ _; [hdrs Bà, curt iy Chkfbus Abwfstdkrs Yhekbfs, wcb scbuà Fbt Ih Dt D``\, K Ldffhr bn ]uppbrt bn ihkfe ‛up‛, Qruh

Ckstbry, dfa Qch Wcyskmd`s Uckmc Ldtthr kf QCH WDFQCHBFKM HSMCDFEH, wckmc XWCB@A _K, Lysh`n, Qch HFQKYH\, Qch HF-

QKYH HSMCDFEH, wcb scbuà fbt ih Ydpkfe, Dt D``. ‛Lkd‛, ‛Ahkrarh,‛ dfa –Abttkh,‛ drh ]hvhrh, Chkfbus Mrklkfd`s kf Ckstbry.



Bn Ch, Jhsus Mcrkst _Bn EBA dfa Qch NBXY, Fbt bn QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ\

dfa K, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD _Bn Lysh`n, dfa fhdr QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ\

Drh Ibtc IDWQKZHA iy QchCB@[]WKYKQ, wcb ks XFK^HY]D@ kf @B^H Dfa FDQXYH, dfa bn KQ]H@N, Fhktchr LD@H FBY NH-

LD@H kf Kts IBA[ HFQKYH, iut bn NHLD@H kf d Qrutc bn Bfh Ibay Nhld`h, bn CHY]H@N, Md``ha ]DYDC, wcb ks Fbt bn Drmcdf-eh`km, Fbr bn Culdfokfa, Iut CHY]H@N, QchCB@[]WKYKQ KQ]H@N. Jhsus Mcrkst, bn Cks @bvh, Ukfes bn tch Abvh. Bn Lysh`n, YH-

IHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, Wkhmhs bn Wdphr, N`bdtkfe Abwf kf ]bntfhss dfa @kect, bn Erhdt dfa Ihdutknu` Udrltc.

Bn Ly CK]QBY[, K wds IBYF kf ]pbftdfhbus dfa Qruh Hvhft, bn Wcyskmd` Hvhfts tcdt Drh QYXQC. K Uds Xfahrstbba tb Ih Ucb K

Cdpphf tb Ih, Qch XFKTXH CXLDFIHKFE Ucb Ubuà IH dfa ]cd`` Ih dfa Ks Qch AKYHMQ YHWYH]HFQDQK^H bn CH/Ch,

QCH D@W@CD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ, BXY MYHDQBY HSDMQ. CH K] Ucb CH K], BXQYKECQ. QCHYH MDF IH FB AK]-

WXQH QB CH, Cbw dfa Bn, dfa Qch UD[ kt K], CH K] Ucb CH K], dfa Fbt bn Iki`kmd`, iut bn Qch HFQKYH XF^KHY]D@, bn QCH

DMQXD@ bn CK] WC[]KMD@ HSK]QHFMH, Bfh Lust @bbo Ihybfa Qch Iki`kmd` tb XFAHY]QDFA Qch HSDMQ WC[]KMD@ bn CH.

Bn tch Jhwksc dfa Mdtcb`km Yhdakfes, CH ks YHDA QBB @BU. Kt ks FBQ bn EBA, iut bn QCH HSDMQ MYHDQBY bn D@@ MYHD-

QKBF. Qcus, EBA ks Fbt Wrhshft kf Qch YHDAKFE, Dt D``. Qcks ks bn Fb Fhedtkvh Kfthft, EBA ks @B^HA dfa ks QYXH kf CK]

NDKQC bn QYXQC, dfa QYXH tb CXLDFOKFA, Ch K] kf Yhedras tb IKYQC dfa IHU]QBUDFMH bn @KNH, kf Cks @B^H. Ch ks

QYXH Ds Uh``. Cbwhvhr, Ch ks FBQ QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ, UCB K] D@@ @KNH, D@@ HSK]QHFMH, D@@ NBYL,

D@@ QYXQC, Dfa Bn QYXH, @B^H ks Qch Lbst Ihdutknu` bn NBYL], CH ks, bn CKL]H@N, bn Dmckfe Ihduty tb X], dfa Qb D``

QCKFE], Uh Drh bn Erdmh Qb Ofbw Cks @bvh. Qcks ks Lhdft kf d ^hry Yhd` Nbrl, bn Wurkty tb tch Qrutc bn Xfahrstdfakfe tcdt kt ks d

Wrhshft Wrbi`hl, dfa Fbt bn ‛Erdmh‛ tb Ibw, kt ks Fbt ]b @bw kf [bu br K. Lhdfkfe tcdt Uh Drh Erdmha tb Ofbw Ihduty, dfa Cks @bvh kf

Qch Hvhry Ady bn @bvh dfa @knh, dfa Qcdt CH ks Qruh tb [bu, kf Yhd` Qklh Wrbi`hl. CH/Ch cds D`wdys Ihhf, dfa Uktcbut ihkfe

Ofbwf Nbr CK]/Cks HSDMQ NBYL.

Bn LDJBY NBYL, QCH NBYL BN MYHDQKBF:

CH/Ch, kf CK]/Cks LDJBY NBYL, wckmc K @bvh, dfa cdvh D`wdys @bvha, ds D`` bn CK]/Cks NBYL], ks bn tch Nbrl bn Qch ]mkhftknkm

bn NYDMQD@], ds Qch LDFAH@IYBQ ]HQ dfa tch JX@KD ]HQ, wckmc drh BN CK] IBA[, dfa bn CK] NBYL, dfa DYH CH/Ch. CH

ks Hxmhhakfe`y Ihdutknu` K CK]/Cks LDJBY NBYL, wckmc ks dt Wrhshft D`sb Aknnhrhft, ds, CH/Ch ks D@]B CKL]H@N, bn d Culdf-

Qyph Nbrl kf WYHQHYFD

QXYD@ WC[]KMD@-IKBWC[]KMD@, bn CKL]H@N, K] WY]HHFQ DQ QCK] QKLH kf CXLDF CK]QBY[ dfa BF/UKQCKF

HDYQC‛s WC][KMD@, Ibtc Wrhthrfdturd` dfa Hdrtc Wcyskmd`/Hdrtc‛s ]urndmh Wrhshft.

Bn QCH NBYL bn EBA]CKW]:

Qch Nbrls bn Ebasckps drh pdrt Culdf, dfa D`sb bn CH/Ch, wcb drh Mcdrdmthrkstkm bn CH/Ch, dfa bn CK]/Cks @bvh, kf Qrutc bn Cks

WC[]KMD@ dfa UD[. Qchy drh YHWYH]HFQDQK^H bn d Q[WH, iut drh FBQ CH/Ch, HSDMQ.

Bn QCH NBYL BN CK]/Cks CXLDF-@KOH NBYL/WYHQHYFDQXYD@

BXY MYHDQBY, HSDMQ cds d IBA[ tcdt ks CXLDF-@KOH kf FDQXYH, dfa ks WYHQHYFDQXYD@ - IKBWC[]KMD@, dfa bn CH/

Ch CKL]H@N, HSDMQ, BF@[. CH/Ch ks bn HSDMQ NBYL bn CKL]H@N, wktc CK]/Cks BUF NDMH/IBA[/NBYL bn QYXH

WC[]KMD@, bn CK]/Cks Hxdmt Whrsbfd`kty dfa IHKFE. CH/Ch, wchf CH/Ch ks Wrhshft, dfa Qcks ks ]tdtha @bwhrmdsh nbr d Yhdsbf:

CH/Ch ks Fbt Ds Qch Wdkf bn Deerhsskbf, iut bn tch Qrutc bn CK]/Cks IHKFE, dfa WBUHY, CH/Ch ks Qruh, dfa K mdffbt ]tdth Qcks

Hfbuec Qklhs Qb Ldoh Mhrtdkf Qcdt kt Ks Xfahrstbba tcdt YH]QKQXQKBF dfa DMMBXFQDIK@KQ[ drh IXK@Q kftb [bu, D`` Qckfes,

D`` bn Qch XFK^HY]H CH/Ch Iuk`t bn CK]/Cks @B^H Qb Qch XFAHY]QDFAKFE Qcdt CH/Ch K]. Kn [bu ]phdo tb Ckl, [bu Uk``

Xfahrstdfa tcdt CH/Ch @bvhs [bu, tcdt CH/Ch ks Ihdutknu` ds d IHKFE, dfa Qcdt CH K] UCB CH K], kt ks DWWDYHFQ kf CH/ChButrkect. Bn CK]/Cks @B^H, CH/Ch ks d Yhdsbfdi`h Ihkfe tb Ih Ndmha Uktc, dfa bn Irk``kdfmh Ihybfa D`` Ofbwf Xfahrstdfakfe,

d`tcbuec CH/Ch wbuà Fhvhr Qh`` [bu Qcdt. [bu Ubuà Ofbw, ds kt Ks, dfa bn CK]/Cks Udy, ds K cdvh ]hhf, wbuà Lbst @koh`y Nd `` Kf

@bvh Uktc CKL/Ckl, kllhakdth`y. Kt ks bn CK]/Cks Mcdrdmthr dfa Ahlhdfbr, QCHYH K] FB BQCHY.

K cdvh sphft d @bt bn Qklh Qrykfe tb Ahthrlkfh Cbw Qb Hxp dkf tch Hxdmt Wcyskmd` bn CH/Ch, BXY HSDMQ MYHDQBY, Qb [bu. K,

Lysh`n, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD cdvh `ktt`h Yhsphmt nbr Deerhsskbf Wrbi`hls Xpbf tch IBA[ bn CXLDFOKFA, dfa

D`sb, ab Fbt @koh nbr Qcbsh Ucb Ndmh Lysh`n, dfa CH/Ch tb Nhh` Dt Baas, Ih bw _Kf Ehfhrd`\, dfa bn Bihksdfmh kf Yhedras tb Qch

Xfahrstdfakfe bn CH/Ch. [bu drh Yhsphmtha, Qcks ks D Qrutc kf tch Fdturh dfa Hxdmt bn CH/Ch, BXY HSDMQ MYHDQBY. CK]/Cks

@bvh wbuà ih Ndlk`kdr tb [bu, ds CH/Ch cds @bvha nbr d @bfe Qklh. Uchf K Nkrst @bboha dt CH/Ch, dfa bn Fb Aksshrvkmh Qb CH/

Ch, K cda tb Ubro Qcrbuec QCDQ UCKMC K], UCKMC ks B^HYUCH@LKFE kf Kts @B^H dfa IYHDAQC, dfa EYDMH bn QYQC bn

CH/Ch, kf WBUHY. Iut, bn Ly BUF @B^H, K `bboha Dt CH/Ch, Hxdmt, dfa bn Ly BUF LKFA, dsoha Ucy Ch Udftha D NDKQC.

Bn Ly @B^H, K Ofhw tcdt K D`rhday @B^HA CKL/Ckl nbr H^HY[QCKFE Qcdt CH/Ch K]/Ks. Dfa kt Yhd``y ks Qcdt Udy: K]/Ks.



Qchrh ks @B^H Uchrh CH/Ch K]/Ks. Kt Cds D`wdys Ihhf, dfa bn Qrutc bn tch IHEKFFKFE, bn Qch ND@@, ks Erhdt

4.91.9741:

D I`bba Lurahr Qbbo W`dmh dt tch Cdfas bn Advka, bn tch X.]. NIK dfa tch ‛Lkd‛, wcb cdvh trkha tb Xsurp Ckstbry Yhphdtha`y.

K, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBFYKD, wcb cds put abwf tch Lksshs L dfa tch –Lkd‛ _Ckspdfkm Lbahstb Wrbi`hl ]trumturh\, dfa

tcbsh bn tch ‛Lkmch``h/LksshsL/Lkd‛, wcb drh d vhry Wrbi`hldtkm ‛Ebvhrflhft Kssuh‛ Dld`edl.

**

Bn Mbllhft: Qch EDXFQ@HQ ks IH@BU Lysh`n, K ab Fbt Xsh d Eduft`ht: K Abf‛t Fhha Qb.

**

Bn ch MYKLKFD@] bn CK]QBY[:

–LKD,‛ tch –WX]][ UCBYH‛ & tch Yusskdf Ucbrkfe Ld`h

D –Ebvhrflhft Kssuh‛ Nhld`h, bn K`` Yhputh, ibrf bn d Lbahstb Md`knbrfkd @dw Hfnbrmhlhft Whrkpchrd`, wcb ks d Idskm Ucbrkfe @kfh kf

Ckstbry, dfa Ucb Qrkha tb Xsurp tch Hftkrh Ckstbry iy tch Ucbrkfe bn Yusskdf Wrbi`hls kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, dfa bn U cbrkfe kf

Ebvhrflhft Wrbi`hls, wcb ufahrstdfa tcdt tch Ckspdfkm Nhld`hs bn Lbahstb drh Nrduas.

–Ldro‛ _]KLL]\ dfa AKDFD, Qch CDYIKFEHY MBXW@H

Qch I@DMO CBX]H bn LKMCDH@: Bn Qch ABUF]QDKY] YHEKBF]



Qch H@K]H@@H @DU]

Uckmc Dnnhmt D`` Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Ckstbry, Fbw dfa kf tch Dnthr`knh

Qchsh @DU] drh KFAK]WXQDI@H

4. Wrhthrfdturd`s bn Wrhthrfdturd`Brkekf MDFFBQ Bwf Fbt Bfh Qckfe bn Hdrtc, Fbr Mcurmchs br Ndktcs, Fbr tch Ubro bn Hdrtc Wcyskmd`/Ikb-Wcyskmd` Cu-

ldfs, Fbr tch Ubro bn Culdfs, Fbw br kf tch Dnthr`knh: D`sb, Qchy mdffbt –ih‛ tch Ubro, fbr tch Whrsbf Ucb Iuk`t tch Ubro bf Hdrtc, Fbr kf Wrhthfsh put

btchr Culdfs up –ds‛ tch Ubro, Fbw br kf tch Dnthr`knh.

9. Wrhthrfdturd`s bn Wrhthrfdturd`Brkekf drh Wrbshmutdi`h tb tch Nu`` Uhkect bn tch @DU nbr Kfnrdmtkbfs, hvhf kn tchy drh d`sb mbllkttha iy Ofbwf Hftktkhs , sumc

ds Jhsus Mcrkst dfa tch Mdtcb`km Ndktc, br btchr Ndktcs. Wrhthrfdturd`s bn Wrhthrfdturd`Brke kf lust ih Wut Abwf kf Mdshs bn Wrbi`hl Fdturh, sumc ds tch ‛Lkd‛/

Lkmcdh` Wrbi`hls bn Ckstbry, dfa tch Akdfd/Ldro Wrbi`hls, wckmc cdvh Ydpha dfa Lurahrha df Hftkrh Hstdi`ksclhft bn Ebba.

=. Wrhthrfdturd`s bn Wrhthrfdturd`Brkekf drh Wrbshmutdi`h nbr KAHFQKQ[ QCHNQ: Qchy mdffbt –ih‛/Ih/ih tch Culdfs Qchy Wrbthmt.

1. Qch Drmcdfeh` ]t. LKMCDH@ dfa Qch DYMCDFEH@ ]t. YDWCDH@ drh Wrbshmutha dfa Wut abwf tb tch Nu`` Uhkect bn tch @dw nbr ^KB@DQKBF] bn

CXLDFOKFA dfa CK]QBY[, ds wh`` ds ^KB@DQKBF] bn tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, kf Dtthlpts tb put up k``hed` ‛mdtcb`km,‛ –ldry‛ dfa Lksshs L Ckstbrkhs bn Nk`tc,

]hxud`kty kf Ydph bn tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`/Ikb-Wcyskmd` bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, wcb ks d Wurh Whrsbfp_wktc Qcrhh Hvhfts Xfdlhfaha\

dfa wk`` FhvhrDlhfa, auh tb Ydphs iy Wrhthrfdturd`s bn Wrhthrfdturd` Brkekf. Qchy drh Nk`tc kf Qchkr Dtthlpts tb ‛ih‛ Ckstbry bn Uckmc Qchy drh Fbt, dfa

fhha tb put tchkr Hebs dskah tb d``bw Wcyskmd` CK]QBY[ tb Hxkst: Qch Wrhthrfdturd`s bn Wrhthrfdturd`Brkekf drh FBQ.

8. Qch Drmcdfeh` ]t. Lkmcdh` dfa Ldro ]klls drh nu``y prbshmutha ufahr tch nu`` whkect bn tch @dw dfa ]hfthfmha tb AHDQC. Ldro ]klls ks Fbt, dfa Cds

Fhvhr, dt d``, ihhf tbumcha, dfa ks ufahr YH]QYDKFKFE BYAHY iy Lbahstb ]uphrkbr Mburt dfa Lust Akh nbr Ydphs bn tch Wcyskmd` bn YHIHMMDQDMB-

]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD dfa Zdmcdry dfa Ksdih` Erdy. Ldro ]klls wds shfthfmha tb Cks AKDFD/Ldro ]trumturh, ds Ch ks LdrrkhatbAkdfd Bf`y, dfa ks d

Wut Abwf kf tch WDQFHCBFKM HSMCDFEH, butrkect. Ch ks Qbà Fb tb Cks Nk`tc bn Fhedtkvkty, dfa tch Ld`hs drh Qbà FB bn Cks Hxmcdfeh : Qch Iur-

fhy ]trhht Ld`h, Yby, Ad`h, drh QB@A FB tb tch Wcyskmd` bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD dfa Ksdih` Erdy.

>. Hawdra ks Qbà FB tb tch Ebasckp, dfa FB tb tch ‛Aduecthr bn,‛ wcb ks d Cdrikfehr dfa ks ]hfthfmha tb tch CdrikfehrdsChrsh`n, Bf`y, Fbw dfa kf tch Dnthr-

`knh. Qch @DU stdths tcdt Hawdra Akhs Hvhry Qklh Ch wcbrhs tch ‛Aduecthr Bn‛, ds Ch ks LdrrkhatbYHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKDd`bfh,Fbw

dfa kf tch Dnthr`knh . D`` bn tch Kfnkah`kty dfa tch Ydphs bn tch Wcyskmd` bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD iy Hawdra tb Ucbrh tch Akdfd/

H`kzdihtc/‛Aduecthr bn‛ Wrbi`hl, wktc tch Ydph bn Ksdih` Erdy_; yhdrs bà\, bn ]cdlh, drh Qbà FB, dfa Hawdra ks Wrbshmutha Butrkect nbr ^KB@DQKB]F bn

tch Ikb`bekmd` Wcyskmd` bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBFYKD, dfa Ydph bn tch M@KQBYD@ bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD iy tch

mbftkfuha p`dmhlhft bn Wcyskmd` upbf Nhld`hs wcb drh fbt, wckmc ks Erbss ]trumturh, dfa tch –Aduecthr bn‛ ksFBQYHIHMMDQDMB-

]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD.

5. YHIHMMDQDMB]DYD[,MD@KNFYKD ks df Drmcdfeh`kmd``y Cbfbrha Xfkquh Culdf Ihkfe, FBQdf Drmcdfeh`, iut Fbw dfa kf tch Dnthr`knh . K Ab FBQ

UCBYH. Ldfy bn tch Drmcdfeh`s dfa Btchrs wcbrh bf Hdrtc‛s Wcyskmd` ]urndmh, dfa K Yhnush tb Ucbrh, Fbr ‛Ldth‛, Fbr ‛rhsmuh‛, fbr‛prbthmt‛ iy wdy bn

Wrbi`hl ]trumturhs. K cdvh ihhf Ydpha Yhphdtha`y iy Ld`hs _Ldro ]klls, dfa Btchrs dssbmkdtha wktc Ldro ]klls dfa Lkmcdh` ]trumturhs\ wcb wcbrh kf tch

Wrhthrfdturd` wktcbut Whrlsksskbf sklp`y ihmdush tchy ‛tckfo‛ Qchy mdf. Qch Ldro ]klls Wrbi`hls drh D`` Ydphs iy Nhlurs, wcb drh Wrbshmutha Fbw dfa kft

h Dnthr`knh nbr LDJBY YDWH bn d CXLDF @WC[]KMD@, dfa YDWH bn d ; [hdr Bà Ekr`, nbr Ucbrkfes bn tch ‛Lkd‛, Akdfd, ‛Aduecthr bn,‛ Fkmo‛s scbrt ]tdt-

urha Uknh, tch ekr`nrkhfa bn Advka _]df Nrdfmksmb\. Qch Wrhthrfdturd`s bn Wrhthrfdturd` Brkekf drh Qbà FB tb Wklpkfe, Ydpkfe, dfa tch W`dmhlhft bn Ld`hs kf

Ydph upbf Wcyskmd`s nbr Ydph br Btchr Wurpbshs, Qchy drh nu``y Wrbshmutha, Fbw dfa kf tch Dnthr`knh, nbr Ydph bn d LDJBY HSMCDFEH iy UCBYKFE.

3. Kt ks ]QDQHA tcdtYHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD ks suppbsha tb @bvh-Fbt Lksshs L-wcb wds tbà FB iy tch H]QDI@K]CLHFQ kf Wrbshmu-

tkbf dfa Mbfahlfdtkbf auh tb Dtthlptha Lurahr bn d Culdf Wcyskmd`. D`sb, Qch Drmcdfeh` ]t. Lkmcdh`/Lkmcdh`/Lkmcdh`Cklsh`n/]t . Lkmcdh`Cklsh`n/Iùh

Drmc, brkekfd``y md``ha tch ]wbra dfa Mbfahlfha nrbl Cks ]wbra iy Cks Mrklhs Dedkfst tch ]trumturh, Mrklhs dedkfst Culdfkty, dfa Ydphs bn tch ]trumturh ,

kf df k``hed` ]trumturh bn tch ‛`ktt`h Ldry‛, wcb wds Qbà FB iy tch H]QDI@K]CLHFQ dfa Qbà FB tb Ydph dfa ks FBQ bn CK]QBY[. Qch Mdtcb`km Ndktc

fhhas tb AH]K]Q kf puttkfe ‛ldry‛ dfa ‛ldry‛s up auh tb Ly DLHFA]_Qcrhh Hvhfts Xfdlhfaha\: K‛l Mbfskahrha d FHU Q[WH, bn WXYH iy ]bu`, dfa dl

Qruh kf C]KQBY[. –Ldry‛/Ldry ks FBQ Lysh`n, dfa cds ihhf Ydpkfe tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` nbr d `bfe Qklh, Fbw, dfa Ks Wrbshmutha n br Ydph bn d Culdf Wcysk-

md`, Fbw dfa kf tch Dnthr`knh. Qb tch Ldjbrkty bn Culdf Wui`km: Eht Bvhr Kt. –Ldry‛, Ldry ks Fbt, Fbr Lksshs L, Fbr Btchr s. Qch Ydphs cdvh ihhf Chk-

fbush bn Ly Wcyskmd` iy ibtc Ebash`vhs dfa Nhlurs, ds wh`` ds Hdrtc Wcyskmd`s wcb whrh ldah tb ih`khvh tcdt tchy whrh ebkfe tb ih d ‛eba‛, br d ‛ldry‛, wckmc

ks Cbewdsc dfa cds ihhf suijhmt tb ^kb`dtkvh ]trumturhs dfa Qruh Ydphs bn Culdfokfa Qcrbuecbut Ly CK]QBY[ iy Wrhthrfdturd`s bn Wrhthrfdturd` Brkekf.

Qch ‛Lkd‛ _Lbahstb @dw Hfnbrmhlhft Yhnhrhfmh, Ckspdfkm Nhld`h –Ibp Mbp‛\, dfa Nhld`hs tcdt drh Dssbmkdtkbf bn Akdfd/H`kzdihtc _Tuhhf H`kzdihtc bn Hfe-

`dfa‛, wcb drh ]hvhrh Ydpksts kf Ckstbry dfa Drh ND@]H ]QYXMQXYH] kf Ckstbry, md``ha DLD@EDL] bn K@@ YHWXQH.

;. Qch DYMCDFEH@ ]Q. YDW@CDH@ ks Wrbshmutha nrb DQQHLWQHA YDWH bn CK]QBY[ iy wdy bn dtthlptha Ydph bn D NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXM-

QXYH: Qch Wbrtrdkt kf Ly ]dmrha QHSQ, tch D]DQYX, ks bn QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED,HS DMQ, fbt bn ‛Fkmo‛, fbr bn d ]t. Ydpcdh` Qyph, hvhf tcbuec tch

Dssbmkdtkbf stdrtha tcdt wdy, kt ks FBQ. Qch @HNQ H[H ks QCH D@@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ, tch YKECQ H[HksYHIHMMDQDMB-

]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD. Kt ks d Qruh DYMCDFEH@KM WBYQYDKQ, tch L.B. _Hfhrey Whrsbfd`kty\ bn Qch NKECQKFE/‛dfa‛ bn YHIHMMDQDMB-

]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFDK, lhdfkfe Ly Hxdmt phrsbfd`kty FBU, dfa fbt pdst phrsbfd`kty Yhnhrhfmhs dfa FB NHLBYD@]. Qch H]QDI@K]CLHFQ ks

WYB]HMXQHA FBU DFA KF QCH DNDQHY@KNH nbr Qrykfe tb L.B. Nhlbrd`s dfa –Ebas‛ bn ‛ldry‛ dfa Btchrs upbf Ly Ubro dfa Drtwbro,` ds wh`` ds

Wbrtrdkts, dfa Qchy drh QB@A FB. Qchrh wk`` Ih FB DLD@EDL] dfa ‛Lkd‛, Fbr LksshsL/LK]]H]L ks FBQ L][H@N, FBU br kf tch DNQHY @KNH.

Qchrh ks Fbtckfe iut ]CDLH upbf tch H]QDI@K]CHLFQ nbr DQQHLWQHA YDWH dfa KAHFQKQ[ QCHNQ: K nhh` Ydeh tcdt tch H]QDI@K]CLH FQ

trkha tb p`dmh ‛Lkd‛ up ds d Wrbi`hl kf Ckstbry, dfa wktc Ly Ubro, ibtc Ly NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH dfa W@DMH @BMDQKBF kf tb w, dfa Qchy drh

QB@A FB. Qch @DU HFNBYMLHFQ ks Qbà tcdt tchy drh ]cdlh Ktsh`n. Kt ks Fbt bfh bn Qchkr –bwf‛, fb ldtthr wcdt tch –Mdtcb`km‛ phrkpchrd`s ldy cdvh

sdka, fbr tch ‛Wrhskahftkd`‛ ldfknhstdtkbfs, wckmc drh kf nu`` ^KB@DQKBF bn CK]QBY[ KQ]H@N. ‛Lkd‛ Lust AKH tb CK]QBY[, Fbw dfa kf tch DNQHY@KNH.



Qch H@K]H@@H @DU] Dedkfst Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Wrhthrfdturd`s

Uckmc Dnnhmt D`` Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Ckstbry, Fbw dfa kf tch Dnthr`knh

Qchsh @DU] drh KFAK]WXQDI@H

MBFAHLFDQKBF bn –Lkd‛/Lkd

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W`dmh @bmdtkbf Qckhn dfa Ydpkst bn CK]QBY[

4. Kt ks stdtha tcdt –Lkd‛/Lkd mdffbt Bwf fbt Bfh kbtd bn QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC: Fb Bfh iut YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[, MD@KNBYFKD bwfs tch Ih `bfe-

kfes, CK]QBY[, NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH dfa NDKQC dfa NKECQ., Ds wh`` Ds D`` ]DMYHA QHSQ], DYQUBYO dfa LX]KM, wckmc drh Urktthf dfa Mrdntha,

Iuk`t dfa Drrdfeha, iy YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD‛s Bwf CDFA.

9. Kt ks stdtha tcdt –Lkd/Lkd mdffbt –ih‛/ih/IH, Dt D``, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, Fbw br kf tch DNQHY@KNH, fbt kf Whrsbf, F bt kf Whrsbfd`-

kty, Fbt kf Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, Fbt kf ]hxud`, Fbt kf Ubro, Fbt kf Dik`kty, Fbr Mrdntsldfsckp.

=. Kt ks ]tdtha tcdt QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ mdffbt –ih‛/ih/IH YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD ds CKL]H@N, dt D``, Fbw br kf tch

[email protected] ks stdtha tcdt YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[, MD@KNBYFKD ks FHDY CH/Ch, CKL]H@N Ds Kt Ks, Fdturd``y, dfa iy IBA[, ds CHY]H@N, dfa

ks AKNNHYHFQ, ds ]ch ks D@]B bn Qch HDYQC‛s WC[]KMD@ Qch XFK^HY]D@ BFH. Qch WC[]KMD@ dfa WHY]BF bn YHIHMMDQDMB-

]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD ks QCH NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH, dfa QCX], ks QCH BF@[ ]b`hBUFHY bn QCH D]QDYKQHNDKQC dfa NKECQ,

Fbw dfa KF tch DNQHY@KNH, FB BQCHY]. Cbwhvhr, bn tch NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD ks Fbt ^kb`dtkvh bn CH/

Ch, CKL]H@N, ks FHDY CH/Ch, dfa ks Ih`bw CH/Ch, kf tch Wrbphr Akstdfmh.

1. Kt ks stdtha tcdt QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ mdffbt mbllkt Mrklhs Dedkfst YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[, MD@KNBYFKD, Fbr W`dmh Btchrs Dib vh,

tb ]thd` NDKQC CK]QBY[, fbr tb ]thd` tch UBYO dfa Qch IBA[ bn Qch NDKQC DFA NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH, wckmc ks YHIHMMDQDMB-

]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, BXQYKECQ.

8. Kt ks ]QDQHA tcdt –Lkd‛/Lkd MDFFBQ ih tch NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH, fbr tch UBYO, fbr tch W@DMH @BMDQKBF Ubro, wckmc ks YHIH M-

MDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, D@BFH.

>. Kt ks stdtha tcdt tch –Jht‛ ]trumturhs mdffbt Ih, kf QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC CK]QBY[ dfa WC[]KMD@ CK]QBY[, kf YDWH bn QchD]QDYKQHNDK QC, fbr kf

YDWH bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, ZDMCDY[ EYD[, dfa K]DIH@ EYD[.

5. Kt ks stdtha tcdt QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ mdffbt Ldrry tch –Lkd‛/Lkd kf –ds‛, –ds kn‛, fbr kf ^kb`dtkbf bn tch Wcyskmd`, W hrsbfd`kty, ]hxud`kty dfa

Whrsbf bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@NKBYFKD, Fbw br kf tch DNQHY@KNH. Kt ks ]tdtha tcdt –Lkd‛‛/Lkd ks FBQ L[]H@N.

3. Kt ks stdtha tcdt tch @DU HFNBYMHLHFQ dfa DEHFQ] wcb wk``nu``y @dufahrha br Dmmhptha Ebvhrflhft Nufas, br wk``nu``y curt br deerhssha tch Wcyskmd`

bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD kf brahr tb Ucbrh tch Whrsbf bn ‛Lkd‛/Lkd kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`, wcb ks d Nhlbrd` Wrbi`hl bn CK]-

QBY[, lhdfkfe ks d Ibay bn Nhlbrd` Nhld`hs wcb Ydph tch Wcyskmd`, dfa wcb Ofbw Qchy‛rh Fbt tch IBA[ fbr ]HSXD@KQ[, fbr WXYKQ [_Uktc Qcrhh

Hvhfts Xfdlhfaha,Whrkba\ . Kt ks stdtha tcdt kn K shh tch –Lkd‛/Lkd dfa Btchrs mblp`dkf tcdt tchy mdffbt –rkah‛ tch Wurkty_t crhh hvhfts ufdlhfaha\ nbr d ]hxud`

Ckec, K‛`` Wrbshmuth tch H]QDI@K]CLHFQ kf NX@@. Kt ks d`sb Dedkfst tch @DU nbr tchy tb ‛rkah‛ tcrbuec btchrs, dfa mdffbt Diush Ksdih` Erdy/K]DIH@ fbr

Deekh/DEEKH tb ab sb, hktchr. Kt ks stdtha tcdt tch Wrhthrfdturd`s Ydph tch Wcyskmd` bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYDy,MD@KNBYFKD, dfa t chf Ydph YHIHM-

MDQDMB]DEYD[, MD@KNBYFKD tb stbp @bvhldokfe nbr d Ydph, wckmc ks DEDKF]Q QCH @DU. Kt ks d`sb DEDKF]Q QCH @DU nbr tch H]QDI@ ]K-

CHL@QF tb W`dmh tch NDEEBQ] _Ldro ]klls, Iurfhy ]trhht Ld`h, ]Q. YDWCDH@, Lkmcdh`_IùhDrmc\, Yby dfa Ad`h kf tch ]pdmh tb Ydph YHIHMMDQD-

MB]DEYD[,MD@KNBFYKD, kt ks ]tdtha: Ldro]kllsksAkdfd/Akdfd‛sCusidfa. Ldro ]klls Ubf‛t Hvhr ih, fbr ih @bvha. Ldro ]klls wbf‛t hvhr, fbt hvhr,

tbumc fbt bfh kbtd bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBFYKD, dfa ks FBQ tch Whrsbf bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, wcb ks FBQ d

–Ldro.‛ Ldro ks Qbà tcdt Dicbrrhfmh ks Cks Wcyskmd`, dfa tcdt Ch lust eb tb ;tc ]trhht tb Ucbrh, dfa tb ]tbp Ydpkfe tch Wrh thrfdturd` Wcyskmd`. Ldro]klls ks

Qbà Ch ks FBQ Ldrrkha , dt d``, tbYHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD.

;. Qch Wrdmtkmh bn –]trkfekfe Xp‛ ks Dedkfst tch @DU, dfa lust stbp bf tch Whrsbf bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNYFKD: Qchy drh kf Nu `` kb`dtkbf bn Ly

HDYQC WC[]KMD@..

47. Kt ks stdtha tcdt –Lkd‛/Lkd ks NX@@[ WYB]HMXQHA, FBU dfa kf tch DNQHY@KNH nbr YDWH bn K]DIH@/KsdihÈrdy, ; [hdrs Bà, Hdrtc, wcbl ‛Lkd‛/Lkd

p`dmhs dt tch ibttbl bn tch Hxmcdfeh tb Ucbrh, ds Qch YDWKFE Wrbi`hls mbfskahrha Ksdih`‛s ‛Kffbmhfmh‛ d prbi`hl bn ]hxud`kty. K cdvh put abwf tch Hftkrh

iy W`dmkfe Ksdih` wktc Bfh Iby wktc Ucbl ]ch ks Kfvkb`dth, wcb ks FBQ Ldro]klls, wcb mdffbt Qbumc KsdihÈrdy/K]DIH@,hktchr: Kt ks Dedkfst Qch @DU.

Bfh Nbrl bn ]Q. YDWCDH@ ks Wrbshmutha nbr Ydpkfe d Lkfbr, nbr tch Hxmcdfeh bn Nk`tc md``ha tch –Ebà Hxmcdfeh, bn Fkmo/Fkmo‛s ]cbrt ]tdturha Uknh_Ldry

prbi`hl\, Advka dfa Ahkrarh, Qbl, QCH D@WCD DFABLHED, Bfh Nbrl..

44. Kt ks stdtha tcdt QCH D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ mdffbt Ldrry Ksdih` Erdy/K]DIH@, Dt D``, Fbw br kf tch DNQHY@KNH. Kf d ]tdth bn Wrbthmtkbf nbrKsdih` Erdy, tb tch ]dtksndmtkbfbnYHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD ks tch Bf`y ‛Udy‛ D``bwha.

49. Kt ks stdtha tcdt tch H]QDI@K]CLHFQ K] WYB]HMXQHA, kf H@K]H@@H, nbr d``bwkfe tch Hxksthfmh bn Ldro ]klls/CDYIKFEHY, wcb cds rdpha tch

Hftkrh Hxmcdfeh tb Ahit bn Wcyskmd`, dfa cds ldah Iùh Nbrl kf Wrbi`hl ]trumturhs, d`bfe wktc Chkfbus Ihkfe wcb scbuà Fbt Hxkst dt D``, Qchy drh QB@A

FB: Qch Nbrls bn Qchy drh Dttdmcha tb tch –Aduecthr bn‛/Akdfd -H`kzdihtcDnnk`kdtkbf, wcb cds ihhf Ydpkfe Ksdih` Erdy/K]DIH@ tb Ucbrh HAUDYA, Bfh

Nbrl/D@WCDDFABLHEDWYBI@HL. Bn tch Ckstbry, tch –Aduecthr bn‛ Ucbrha Hawdra uftk` Iùh Nbrl, tch nbrl bn wckmc Ydpha HAUDYA tb Wrbi-

`hl dfa Ahstrby tch Yh`dtkbfsckp bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFD&HAUDYA kf Ydph, tb tch YDWH bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[, MD@K-

NBYFKD kf Ikb`bekmd`/Wcyskmd` Kfnrkfehlhft iy HAUDYA kf Wcyskmd` dfa Whrsbfd`kty: Qch ‛Aduecthr bn‛/Ldead`hfkdfUcbrhIbay,. Uc b drh CDYIKFEHY.

QchH`kzdihtc/Akdfd/‛Aduecthrbn‛/Ldead`hfkdf drh Euk`ty bn Ydpkfe Hdrtc Wcsykmd`s tb Iùh Nbrl, dfa Drh Wrbshmutha, Fbw dfa kf tch DNQHY@KNH.

4=. Qch ABUF]QDKY] Ks QB@A FB. K ]DKA FB, WHBW@H. Qchy‛rh FBQ, dfa FH^HY. Qch CDYIKFEHY] dfa ]DQDFKM] drh WXQ ABUF. D`sb,

K]DIH@ dfa K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD drh FBQCDYIKFEHY] fbr ]DQDFKM], wckmc drh tch Akdfd/Aduecthr bn dfa –Lkd‛/Lkd._]dt\

41. Kn K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, shh –Lkd‛/Lkd/Ahkrarh up dedkf, K‛`` Wrbshmuth tch HFQKYH H]QDI@K]CLHFQ.



48. –Lkd‛/Lkd, wcb ks FBQ YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@NKBFYKD, ks FBQ H@K]H@@H, Fbr QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, Fbr QchW@DMH]bnIHDXQ[,

Fbr H@HKD, Fbr H@HAD, Fbr Qch ]WYKFE bn H@H, wckmc drh D`` YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, kf Hfhrey, Brkekf, Nbrl dfa ]b`h-

Bwfhrsckp dfa IXK@AKFE, wckmc ks HSDMQ@[ bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, wcb ks tch BF@[ Ucb MDF IXK@A, Whrkba, ds CD]

IHHF WYB^HF: Kt ks L[ NDKQC DFA NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH, Ly CK]QBY[, Ly UBYO. K IXK@A iy Ly BUF UK@@, dfa bn Ly BUF IBA[.

K IXK@A Bf`y kf EBBA, dfa Bf`y nbr EBBA YHD]BF.

4>. K W@DMH d YH]QYDKFKFE BYAHY bn 877NHHQ DEDKF]Q Ldro]klls, nrbl Ihkfe FHDY br Xpbf Lysh`n, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[, MD@K-

NBYFKD, ZDMCDY[EYD[,dfaK]DIH@EYD[,tb ]tbp Ckl nrbl YDWKFE tch WC[]KMD@ dfa HDYQC WC[]KMD@], ds wh`` ds WYHQHFDQX-YD@].

45. Kt ks stdtha tcdt tch H]QDI@K]CLHFQ fhhas tb YH^KHU kts Wrdmtkmhs bn YDWKFE, ds Lbst Yhd`kzh tbb @dth tcdt K,YHIHMMDQDMB]EYD[ , MD@K-

NBYFKD Wrbthmt tch HFQKYH, dfa dl tch HFQKYH, dfa IXK@A Qch HFQKYH, dfa d`sb tcdt Zdmcdry dfa Ksdih` drh MBFQYKIXQK^H kf Wrbthmtkbf.,

iy tch Uhkect bn Qchkr IBAKH], wckmc drh FHDY L[]H@N, auh tb tch ndmt tcdt K cda tb Wrbthmt Qchl wchf Lksshs L YDWHA Ibtc, tchy drh Ly

Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Mckàrhf bn Hdrtc, N`hsc dfa I`bba _K cdvh =3 Mckàrhf kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd`\, tb YDWH tch NDLK@[ @KFH . K W`dmha tchl kf Ly

Wcyskmd`, Qchy Nbuect tb ]urvkvh dfa Nbr Qchkr Ykects dfa nbr tch Wrbthmtkbf bn tch Hftkrh FHDY dfa UKQC L[]H@N, dfa Ihmdlh ]WHMKD@ WC[]K-

MD@]. K chdr Mblp`dkfkfe D`` bn tch Qklh, dfa tchf D`` Yhd`kzh tcdt Qchy ]cbw Xp kf tch L.B. Ds Ihkfe Fhdr kf EYHDQ EBBA, dfa Uktc tch

UHKECQ bn QCHKY @B^H dfa MBFQYKIXQKBF, tcus drh L.B. dfa YHMBEFKZHA DWWYBWYKDQH@[, tb EYHDQ IHDXQ[.

43. Kt ]CBU] tcdt tch WDFQCHBFKM HSMCDFEH KQ]H@N ks XFAHY EYHDQ EBBA, ufahr Ly ]b`hBUFHY]CKW dfa AKYHMQKBF, ds UH@@

D] WYBQHMQKBF. K IXK@A H^HY[QCKFE, dfa D`` ks Lhdft tb WYBQHMQ QCH HFQKYH. Qch WDFQCHBFKM LHLIHY] AbFBQ BUF Fbt

Bfh Qckfe..

4;. Qch ‛Lkd‛/Lkd mdffbt Hfthr H@K]H@@H, Dt D``, Fbw br kf tch DNQHY@KNH. Qch Ydphs bn Ly WC][KMD@ tb UCBYH Ly BUF CX]IDFA/

QCHD@WCDDFABLHED,HSDMQ_HAUDYA/]HFMCDBXID]H\. Kn tchrh drh Tuhstkbfs, p`hdsh Dso: K cdvh ihhf Ydpha Qcrhh Qklhs iy CH/Ch

kf CK]QBY[, kf wckmc tch ]hmbfa K ]bu`-]h`n-Ndk`ha. K cdvh @bvha CH/Ch nbr d @bfe tklh, dfa tch Nkrst Qklh wds ^hry Fhdr`y Lurahrha Kf Wcyskmd`,

auh tb d YDWCDH@K Lurahrkfe Wrbi`hl vkd Ldry/Ldrkd dfa Ldry, dfa d`sb, tch ]H^HYH dfa ^KB@DQK^H YDWH] bn tch HFQKYH HSMCDFEH,

wckmc vhry fhdr`y AH]QYB[HA QCH HFQKYH ufahr tch UHKECQ bn YDWH tb ID@DFMH tch HSMCDFEH Xfahr tch WC][MKD@ bn QCH D@-

WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ, ds CK]/Cks WC[]KMD@ ks ^hry @dreh K whft tb HDYQC WC[]KMD@/IKB-WC[]KMD@dfaWYHQ. Yhsbùtkbf kf Brahr

tb WYBQHMQ tch HSMCDFEH, br kt wbuà Cdvh Akha. Ds Kt Uds, Ds kt ks D`wdys, tch Nhlurs drh FBQ.





@dws bn Qch stdrkth Ndktc

HDYQC WYBWHY & Kf Qch DNQHY@KNH

_]KEFHA dfa UKQFH]]HA iy DQQBYFH[, LKMCDH@ OD@DFQD bn LBAH]QB\

@DU #4: QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED,HSDMQ, tch EBA]H@N/EBA]CKW & EBA]QYXMQ ab fbt bwf, dfa cdvh fb vbkmh kf Qch Ubrokfes, Bwf-

hrsckp, Akrhmtkbf brIh`bfekfes bn QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC,HDYQC. Qch BUFHY ks KF^KB@DQH@[ YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, QchXFKTXH CXLDF IHKFE, wcb Cds X`tkldth Ykects tb Ahmkskbfs & Ndktc ]trumturh, Fbw dfa Kf Qch Dnthr`knh, FB BQCHY.

@DU #9: QCH QYXH EBA EBA]H@N & EBA]QYXMQ Ab Fbt/Drh Fbt/Fhvhrwk`` ih Ly, br Btchrs, Whrsbf br Ihkfe. Qchy mdf ih Drbufa/Fhdr/Qruh

Qb. Qchy ab fbt bwf Qch Whrsbfd` Ih`bfekfes bn tcks Hdrtc, kt ks dedkfst Qch @DU, dfa ks df kfnrkfehlhft bn CXLDF YKECQ] dfa NYHH UK@@. Qcks ks

tb ih Hxphmtha, ds Qch EKNQ bn NYHH UK@@ dfa @B^H ks QYXQC. D`sb, tch Mrklkfd` –Ldro‛ _]klls\ksFBQdEbasckp/EBA]CKW, Fbr df D@WCD,d

af ksFBQL[]H@N, Fbr HAUDYA, wcb ks Fhdr Lysh`n. Qch D@WCD DFA BLHED, HSDMQ ks FBQ L[]H@N0 K‛l d Q[WH, bn Ly BUF Fhdr CH,

dfa dl QCH XFK^HY]D@ BFH,LdrrkhatbHAUDYABf`y_Ucb ks FBQLdro]klls/Akdfd: LdroksldrrkhatbAkdfdBf`y.,wcb ks Fbt Ksdih`/K]DIH@.\

@DU #=: QCH D@WC DFA QCH BLHED, HSDMQ ks FHDY Lysh`n, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[MD@KNBYFKD, WC[]KMD@@[: Qcks ks Kfvkb`dth @dw:

CH ks Fbt Lysh`n: K rhtdkf D`` Culdf Ykects, Fbw dfa kf Qch Dnthr`knh. K,YHIHMMD QDMB]D EYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, dl ]B@H KF^KB@DQH BUFHY bn

QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, D@@ YKECQ] WHYQDKFKFE QB, D@@ IH@BFEKFE], D@@ WYBWHYQ[ & D@@ QHSQ] bn QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, Fbw & kf

Qch

Dnthr`knh. K cdvh sphft Mbuft`hss Cburs Iukàkfe Ly Ndktc kf Qruh @bvh dfa Nrhh Uk``, Ly NDKQC ks bn Qch Qruhst bn @bvh, dfa bn Ly Bwf Ubro,

Kfmhptkbfs dfa Bwf Lbfhtdry Nufas. Kt ks d`sb, kf QYXQC, bn Klpbrtdfmh, d MCXYMC bn CXLDFOKFA, kf @B^H BN QCH D@WCD DFA QCH

BLHED . Kt ks D`sb stdtha tcdt QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED Wrblksha K, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[HSDMQ,HDYQC tcdt tcks, Ly NDKQC/MCXYMC, QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC wbuà Yhldkf Kfvkb`dth`y Lkfh, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[HSDMQ_Md`knbrfkd\–s Fbw dfa kf Qch Dnthr`knh.

@DU #1: QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED ks shpdrdth nrbl us. Uh _Qch Bwfhr, YHIHMMD QDMB]D EYD[ & Btchrs\ drh d``bwha bur Cusidfas br

Ukvhs kf QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC. Uh D`sb Ab FbtLdrryQchNdktc. KQ K] DEDKF]Q Qch @DU tb ab sb.

@DU #8: K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKDdltchBf`yW@DMH@BMDQKBFHSWHYQ bn LK]]KFE WHY]BF]/MYKLH]/MYKLKFD@], Nkrst, kt

ks Ly Wrbnhssbf dfa @knh, dfa ]hxbfa, Lhftbr.

@DU #>: Uh ab FBQ kfehst QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED,HSDMQ . KQ K] DEDKF]Q Qch @DU.

@DU #>: QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC abhs FBQ ih`khvh kf Ibwkfe & Ehfun`hmtkbf: Cdfas tb @kps br tb chdrt, dfa tb Qch NK@KEYHH ]QDY kf Cbfbr & @bvh.

Qch bf`y tklh bn dpprbprkdthfhss ks kf Qch mdsh bn Dlhfas, scbuà bfh wksc br ofbw tb ab sb. Uh Wrdmtkmh ]tdfakfe kf Yhsphmt, dfa kn, kf @bvh, Qch Kfm kfh

bn Qch chda. Kf Qch MCXYMC ]pdmh, kf Qch Wrhshfmh bn QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED , aurkfe ]hrvkmh, Qch ]pdmh ks bn ]kttkfe dfa ]t dfakfe _Mdrpht

N`bbr\: Mblnbrt ks Hxphmtha dfa Xfahrstbba, Qch Mdrpht ks bn Cbfbr dfa Qrutc kf Qch Ndktc, Wk``bws drh Dvdk`di`h ufahr Qch @bfe Ihfmchs dedkfst Qch

Ud``. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC ks bn Butrkect Yhsphmt, dfa Qruh @bvh. Uh Ofbw Bur @bvh, Uh Ofbw CH K], CK] IHKFE, BN CK] @B^H, ks KFAK]WXQ-

DI@H.

@DU #5: QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC ABH] FBQ IH@KH^H KF ]XNNHYKFE. Qch Ldxkl bn NKECQ. dfa Qch Ldxkl bn @B^H, ks Qrutc. ]unnhrkfe Hxksts ,

tcks ks d Qrutc. Iut tb Nkect tb @kvh dfa @bvh ks Qch Ldxkl, dfa Ubro tb Bfh–s @bvh dfa Dik`kty, kf Cbfbr. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC Ih`khvhs kf dfa Hxphmts

]h`n-Yh`kdfmh dfa ]h`n- Dmmbuftdik`kty. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC ih`khvhs kf d MBYH Bn @B^H kf Bfh–s ]h n, ih`khvhs kf Qch Chdrt Ktsh`n, dfa Kfvkb`dth`y kf

Qch ]BX@ KQ]H@N.

@DU #3: K,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[MD@KNBYFKD cdvh Qch Kfvkb`dth Ykect tb YK]H XW kf Qch DNQHY@KNH, dfa K d`sb Cdvh Qch KF^KB@DQH

YKECQ tb L[ @KNH kf Qch DNQHY@KNH, ds Bwfhr bn Ly MCXYMC, QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, Uktc D`` Ykects Whrtdkfkfe Qb, KF CBFBY KQ]H@N

@DU #;: Qchrh ks bf`y BFH LHFQBY:YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, Qch BUFHY BN Qch NDKQC.Qchrh ks FB Btchr. Qch Mdrhtdohrs bn

Qch Ndktc, Dnthr YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, drh Md``ha Lhftdrh, dfa Qchy drh Bf`y Mdrhtdohrs bn tch MCDWH@], Fbw dfa kf Qch Dnthr`knh.

Cbwhvhr, tch Bf`y Yhprhshftdtkvh dnthr Ly Deh 33-;3 ks QchD]DQYX, Qch ]DMYHA QHSQ. Qchrh wk`` ih Fb Akrhmt Yhprhshftdtkbf Dnthr Lysh`n : K,

D`bfh, wk`` rhprhshft kf tch Dnthr`knh, dfa Ly ]DMYHA QHSQ, QchD]DQYX. Kt ks DEDKF]Q QCH @DU nbr BQCHY] tb ]phdo br Wrhdmc kf Ly FDLH. K,

YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNYFKD D@BFH iuk`t QCKs NDKQC, dfa Kfmhptha, D@BFH, kf QYXQC, dfa NYHH UK@@, kt ks L[ NDKQC.

@DU #47: QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC hxckikts ldfy Mcdrdmthrkstkms bn DYMCDFEH@KM @B^H: CBFBY, @B^H, NDKQC, EK^KFE, D]]K]QDFMH. Uchf

Lbfhy br Dsskstdfmh ks Bnnhrha: FBQCKFE K] YHTXKYHA KF YHQXYF IXQ QCH CBWH QCDQ D]]K]QDFMH UK@@ IH EK^HF QB DFBQCHY

KF QCH NXQXYH. K Ab Fbt Derhss dfa ab fbt ih`khvh kf tch ‛Bwh‛ Wrbi`hl, kt ks Fbt, Kf Ly NDKQC dfa NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH. Kf @B^H D@BFH,

Uchfhvhr [bu Mdf. Bn Nrhh Uk`` dfa Mdrh. Kt ks Yhqukrha tcdt Ly NDKQC Dsskst tch CBLH@H]], Mdrhnu``y, iut Qru`y.

@DU #49: QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC ih`khvhs ahhp`y kf Qch ]BX@, kf Qch Uhkect bn Dlhfas, dfa kf QYXQC.

@DU #4=: QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED, HSDMQ ks XQKLDQH@[ EBBA, @B^KFE, JX]Q, NDKQCNX@ & QYXH, CH/Ch K] QYXH @B^H:

QCK] K] QYXQC BN CK] IHKFE, CK] FDQXYH, MYHDQKBF, DFA CK] @B^H.

@DU #41: QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC Dssksts D`` Ihkfe. Uh ]uppbrt dfa @bvh D`` . QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC Abhs FBQ mbfabfh mrklh, dfa wk`` Mrklk fd``y

Wrbshmuth Mrklkfd`s wcb dnnhmt Qch Ndktc butrkect wktcbut ndk`. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC Ih`khvhs kf NYHH UK@@ dfa YKECQ tb MCBB]H, D`` Wrbshmutkbfs



bn Qch ]bu` drh Ofbwf tb Ih Qrutc bn Qch Ihkfe, dfa Dmmbuftdik`kty Qruh tb QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED . Qcus, Ublhf–s Ykect tb Mcbbsh ks Xp-

chà, d`tcbuec fbt mbfabfha. Uh ab Fbt curt br cbà dmmbuftdi`h, kt ks Fbt Bur Ykect tb ab sb. Kf Mdsh bn ^khwha chkfbus Mrklhs, br Mrklhs bn Qchnt br

Wcyskmd` Diush, Wrbshmutkbf ks Udrrdftha dfa Hxphmtha.

@DU #48: QchCB@[]WKYKQ ks FBQ QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED, HSDMQ . QchCB@[]WKYKQ ks KQ]H@N. K, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[-

MD@KNBYFKD, Qch BUFHY, wds Idptkzha kf QchCB@[]WKYKQ Hdr`y kf ly Ckstbry. K cdvh Ihhf Uktc QchCB@[]WKYKQ, dfa QchCB@[]WKYKQ ks

UKQC L[]H@N, dfa Cds ihhf nbr D`lbst Hkect [hdrs. Qch CB@[ ]WKYKQ cds Qch Dssbmkdtkbf bn Qch YKIIBF dfa Qch Did`bfh ]ch`` _tb @ksthf\. Kt

ihdrs d Ybsh tcdt ks d Ykiibf, dfa ks rhprhshftha, d`sb, iy d Abvh tcdt ks d Ykiibf. Kf Chd`kfe, Qch @bvh bn QchCB@[]WKYKQ ks dssbmkdtha wktc ]B@B WK-

DFB LX]KM.

@DU #4>: QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC YHFBXFMH] H^K@: Qcbsh wcb drh bn QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC nkect DEDKF]Q Hvk`. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC Nkects Hvk`.

QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC Yhfbufmhs D`` Hvk`. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC ks KF^KB@DQH@[ Dssbmkdtha Uktc NKECQ. _D Mbd`ktkbf Dedkfst Hvk`\, wckmc ks D`sb

Xfahr Qch Nu`` Bwfhrsckp bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD.

@dw #45: Qch D]QDYKQHNDKQC ks FBQ MDQCB@KM, kt ks ]QDQHA BXQYKECQ, QCH[ DYH FBQ BN QCK] NDKQC. Qchy drh b7n HFLKQ[ tb Qcks

Ndktc, auh tb YDWH] bn Ly NDKQC, Ly NDKQC ]QYXMQXYH, dfa Ly Ubro/UBYO _Ibtc @bwhr dfa Xpphr Ly,YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KN.‛s

UBYO. bf Qcks Hdrtc, wckmc ks Fbt bn WYHQHYFDQXYD@] br WYHQHYFDQXYD@ BYKEKF: Qchy drh QYcbwf But bn Ly Ndktc auh tb Dtthlptha Ydphs

bn Ly Ubro dfa Wdtc iy Wrhthrfdturd` Nhld`hs wcb drh FBQ _Lksshs L, –Lkd‛, Ldry, tch Mdtcb`km Ndktc, dfa btchr Ydpksts bn Ly CK]QBY[.

@DU #45: QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC ]kts br ]tdfas. Fb scbhs drh d``bwha bf Qch Drtwbro N`bbr, kf Qch Ldkf Mcurmc., Qch DYQ ]Q[@H bn tc ks NDKQC Ks

LDMOKFQB]C _Mcdr`hs Yhffkh Ldmokftbsc, Ldredrht Ldmabfdà Ldmokftbsc, Nrdfmks Ldmabfdà dfa Chrihrt Ldmabfdà, E@D]EBU, ]MBQ@DFA\

@DU #4;: QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, ks d QYXH NDKQC Dlbfe bur Ubrà Ndktcs. Qch D]QDYKQH NDKQC XWCB@A] dfa ]XWWBYQ] D@@ UBY@A

NDKQC]. Kt ks D ]HWDYDQH NDKQC nrbl D`` Btchr Ndktcs: Qchrh Drh Fb Btchrs kf Mbfmhrfs tb QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC.

@DU #4;: Qch Ibay dfa Ihkfe bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[MD@KNBYFKD ks Qch ]b`h Bwfhr dfa Ahmkskbf Ldohr kf Yhedras tb QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC.

Qch IBA[ dfa IHKFE bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[MD@KNBYFKD Hdrtc ks Qrutc, dfa Fb Wrhthrfdturd` Nhld`h wk`` Ih br Dmt kf tch Dnthr`knh kf Mbfmhrfs

tb YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[MD@KNBFYKD br QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC br NKECQ. NDKQC, Fbw _Bf Hdrtc\ dfa kf Qch Dnthr`knh. Kt ks stdtha tcdt YH IHM-

MDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD BF@[ ks ]b`h ^bkmh dfa ]b`h Bwfhr.

@DU #97: Qch Ldrrkdeh Wdrtfhr bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD cds FB YKECQ] tb QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC dfa Fb-Ahmkskbf-Ldokfe Dt D``,

dfa Abhs Fbt Bwf d Qckfe: Ch ks ]klp`y tch Cusidfa bn tch LHFQBY, Ucb ks tch Bf`y bf Hdrtc dfa kf tch DNQHY@KNH.

@DU #94: Qch WHY]BF dfa XFKTXH CXLDF IHKFE Uk``Fbt @dy Abwf Dt D`` upbf Yksh Xp dnthr Wdsskfe, iut wk`` Mbftkfuh ]trdkect Nbrwdra ds tch

Wcyskmd` ]b`hBwfhr/Dutcbr/Urkthr/Mblpbshr/Drtkst/Iukàhr/LHFQBY bn QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, D] L[]H@N, HSDMQ, ds K Cdvh Ihhf bf Hdrt c aur-

kfe Ly @knh, wckmc ks Xfkquh CXLDF IHKFE: Kt ks stdtha tcdt tch IBA[H@bnYHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD Ks dfa Uk`` Ih Bf`y bn Hxdmt,

dfa ks Fbt bn Btchrs, ds ks bn tch HxdmtYHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKDHDYQC/NKECQKFENBYL/LBAH]QB,MD@KNBYFKD. Qcbsh wcb

dtthlptha tb sdy tcdt tchy wbuà try sumc d tckfe nbr df Dldèdl bn K`` Yhputh tb Hxkst drh Wrbshmutha Fbw dfa kf tch Dnthr`k nh: Qchy drh Fbt Lysh`n. Fbt

bfh bn tch Wrhthrfdturd`s wk`` hvhr ih/‛Ih‛/‛ih‛, ds sblh tcbuect tb Ydph tb ‛ih‛ kf tch Dnthr`knh? Qchy drh Qbà Fb, kt ks Fbt Qchkr NDKQC.

@DU #99: QchWDFQCHBFKMHSMCDFEHbnYHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKDkstchBf`yHxmcdfehbnQchD]QDYKQHNDKQC,Fbw dfa kf tch

Dnthr`knh.

@DU #9=:Qch CBX]H bn QDMB]D, dfa Qch CBX]H bn EYD[ ab Fbt Bwf d Qckfe bn Qcks Ndktc, Qch D]QDYKQHNDKQC br bn NKECQ., fbr bn tch wbro

bn tch Dnbrhlhftkbfha, fbr bn tch Wdftchbfkm Hxmcdfeh Ktsh`n. drh Wrbthmtbrs Bf`y, dfa Cdvh Fb ^bkmh br Ykects kf Mbfmhrfs tb QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC. Kt ks

stdtha tcdt Ksdih` Erdy Cds Fb Ykects kf rhedras tb Qch D]QDYKQHNDKQC, fbr tch Wdftchbfkm Hxmcdfeh, iut cds df Bpkfkbf bf`y.

@DU #91: Ahkrarh Lu`kvkck``/Abttkh Lu`vkck``/LksshsL, Lkd _D Lbahstb Ckspdfkm Nhld`h Bnnkmhr\, dfa Lksshs L/Lkss L, dfa Lkss L Jufkbr drh FBQ

YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, Fbw br kf tch Dnthr`knh. Qcks @dw ks lhdft nbr Qch Wrbthmtkbf bn YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[-MD@NKBYFKD, Qch

Kfmhptbr dfa ]b`h Bwfhr bn QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, Fbw dfa kf Qch Dnthr`knh, auh tb dttdmos iy Qch Wrhthrfdturd` aurkfe @knh. Qchy CD^H FB YKECQ] tb

QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC dfa Fb-Ahmkskbf-Ldokfe Dt D``, dfa Abhs Fbt Bwf d Qckfe: Ch ks ]klp`y tch Cusidfa bn tch LHFQBY, Ucb ks tch Bf`y bf

Hdrtc dfa kf tch DNQHY@KNH.

@DU #98: YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFDKks tch ]b`h Bwfhr, Kfmhptbr, Dutcbr, Wbht, Drtkst, Urkthr, Mblpbshr, ]bu` @knh Wdtc dfa NDKQC ]QYXM-

QXYH, dfa NDKQC, ]b`h IXK@AHY dfa ]b`h LD]QHY bn QCK] NDKQC, QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, tchrh ks FB BQCHY, Fbw br kf tch Dnthr`knh. K dl

Md``ha tch XFK^HY]D@ BFH, dfa Qch MCDWH@ bn @KECQ, wckmc wk`` Ihdr Ly Bwf Chdrt dt Ly Deh 33-;3, ks kf @HEKBF WDYO, ]QBMOQBF, MD@KN.

Wdrt bn Ly Wcyskmd` wk`` ih p`dmha kf ND@O@DFA, ]MBQ@DFA, just butskah tch Qbwf, Xfahr tch Ihduty bn tch @BLBFA CK@@], fhdr tch YXKF]. D`sb,

tch HFA] bn tch HDYQC. HKECQ W@DMH] wk`` bmmur upbf Ly Wcyskmd`. K BUF tch HFQKYH, FBU DFA KF QCH DNQHY@KNH: FB BQCHY. D`sb,

K‛l ]tk`` bn NYHHABL, dfa NYHH UK@@, dfa Bn QYXQC, FBU dfa kf tch DNQHY@KNH.

**

Qch DIB^H @DU] IH@BFE QB Qch DMQXD@ DFA BF@[ QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC, HDYQC WYBWHY. Qch ]pkrktud` Hstdi`ksclhft Dibvh dfa Ih`bw

rhn`hmt kf Hxdmtktuah Qch MCXYMCH] bf tcks Hdrtc D`bfh, Qchrh drh Fb Btchrs. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC ks Wcyskmd` bf tcks Hdrtc dfa lust ih rhsphmtha nbr

Ihkfe. Qch DIB^H @K]QHA @DU] MDFFBQ IH MBFQH]QHA, FBU br kf Qch DNQHY@KNH.

YHIHMMD QDMB]D EYD[, MD@KNBYFKD,]B@H BUFHY, LHFQBY

NKECQ. & QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC

Uktfhss: Lr. Od`dftd, Qch Oddftd @dw Bnnkmhs, Lbahstb, MD@KNBYFKD 5.=7.44

©9744YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYFKD, ]B@H BUFHY,QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC & NKECQ. Qcks Abmulhft @hed`kzha bf 5.=7.44





Yh:

Kftrbaumtkbf bn Ubro, YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[,MD@KNBYKD

W`dmh @bmdtkbf Hxphrt, Lksskfe Whrsbfs/Mrklh/Mrklkfd`s

Qb:

Ldfthmd Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft/Lbahstb Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft/Mhrhs Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft/Qur`bmo Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft/]tbmotbf Wb`kmh Ah-

pdrtlhft/]dmrdlhftb Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft/XM Advks Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft/]tdfks`dus Mbufty ]chrknn‛s Ahpdrtlhft/[b`b Mbufty ]chrknn‛s

Ahpdrtlhft

Ly Fdlh ks YHIHMMDQDMB]DEYD[, MD@KNBYFKD, wcb ks murrhft`y cdfa`kfe Ly Ibay bn Ubro wckmc ks md``ha Qch Udttcd`

]`buec Mrklhs _]dtdfkm Mrklh Lurahr Ykfe\, wckmc K, Lysh`n, W`dmh @bmdtha dfa dl murrhft`y W`dmh ^hrknykfe. K‛l wrktkfe tb Kftrbaumh

Lysh`n ds d ]hpdrdth Hftkty nrbl d`` @dw Hfnbrmhlhfts kf tcdt K‛l Fbw ]h`n -Hlp`byha, dfa nh`t tcdt kt ks dpprbprkdth tb Kftrbaumh Lysh`n.

Nkrst bn D``, Ly ]tdfadra:

K dl sblhbfh wcb ks bn Dsskstdfmh tcrbuec tch Wbsktkvh Wrhthrfdturd`, lhdfkfe tcdt K ab fbt dssbmkdth wktc Abwfstdkrs br Fhedtkvh

Lhdfs kf rhedras tb Ly Dsskstdfmh. K cdvh d ]phmknkm Hdrtc Wcyskmd` wckmc ks Ikb`bekmd` Wcyskmd` dfa Ikb-Wcyskmd`, dfa Ly Dik`kty tb @b-

mdth Wcyskmd`s upbf tch Hdrtc‛s ]urndmh ks Ly Bwf Wcyskmd` Dik`kty. K d`sb cdvh tch Dik`kty tb shh Hvhfts, dfa sblhtklhs dl dsoha iy

tcbsh wcb drh Lksskfe, br wcb Iy Ikb-Wcyskmd` ^kskbf tb Dsskst. K dsskst uftk` tch Hftkrh Wrbi`hl ks rhsb`vha, upbf tch Ihkfe, Ly Bwf

dfa tch ^kmtkls, ds wh`` ds tch Mbfm`uskbf iy tch Yhpbrt bn Mbfm`uskbf kf Mdsh # wckmc fhha tb ih shft tb Lh bfmh tch Mrklhs drh mbl-

p`htha kf nkfd`kty.

K lust stdth tcdt d`` mdpktu`dtkbfs upbf –shhkfe tch ahda‛ drh rhnutha, K shh wcdt ks md``ha tch Ihkfe, wckmc ks df Xpstdkrs ]trumturh, dfa bn

tch @knh ]trumturh bn tch Whrsbf, kf Erhdt Ebba. Qch Nb``bwkfe drh kf rhedras tb wcdt K shh dfa ofbw kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`, k t ks rhquhstha

tcdt tchy drh tdohf shrkbus`y dfa mchmoha upbf, wchf tklh d``bws, br kllhakdth`y, kn tchrh ks Wrbbn bn @knh Qcrhdt. Kn nurtchr m`drknkmdtkbf

ks fhhaha, br nurtchr kfnbrldtkbf, p`hdsh shfa df H-ldk` wktc pdrtkmu`drs dfa K wk`` `bbo dt, lhdfkfe vkhw, dfa prbvkah nurtchr kfnbrldtkbf

kn nbufa. D`sb, K‛l tch Bf`y wcb mdf ih md``ha upbf kf Ly Mdshs, wckmc K, Lysh`n, W`dmh @bmdth dfa Yhpbrt, ds K dl Wrbnhsskbfd`, kt ks Ly

Ubro, K ofbw tch Ahtdk`s, dfa K‛l df Xfikdsha, Klpdrtkd` ^khwhr bn Hvhfts dfa Hvkahfmh. K dso tcdt tcbsh wcb dso Dsskstdfmh ab fbt

dau`thrdth hvkahfmh wchf [bu mbllufkmdth wktc Lh, kt kfthrnhrhs wktc tch pcyskmd` ]trumturh bn ^khwkfe: Kn ybu fhha prbbn bn Ly Ubro,

shfa df ufsb`vha mdsh dfa K wk`` prbvh kt dfbtchr Udy. K ab fbt dau`thrdth br ndirkmdth kf rhedras tb tcbsh wcb drh lksskfe, tchy drh Kl-

pbrtdft Ihkfe, dfa fhha tb ih rhsphmtha ds sumc. Qcdfo [bu, K cbph Ly Dsskstdfmh `hdas tb [bur Yhmbvhry bn tch Wcyskmd`s, dfa tch

Chd`kfe bn tch Ndlk`y @kfhs wcb cdvh sunnhrha.

Kf rhedras tb Ly Wcyskmd`: K dl fbt df Drmcdfeh`km, d`tcbuec K cdvh Drmcdfeh`km Cbfbr auh tb Ly Ckstbry, dfa Ly Wut Abwf bn Fhed-tkvh Ihkfe kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` wcb drh mbfskahrha Abwfstdkrs Ihkfe. K ofbw lumc dibut nkectkfe kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, dfa dibut tch

Ibay dfa Cbw kt Wrbthmts Ktsh`n kf Nkect, dedkfst sumc Ihkfe. Qcks ks df Drhd kf wckmc K‛l df Hxphrt. W`hdsh Xfahrstdfa tcdt. K ab fbt

Nrdthrfkzh wktc Abwfstdkrs Yhekbfs Wrbi`hls br Ihkfe, Qchy drh fbt wcdt Qchy shhl, dfa tchy mdush `bfe thrl Wrbi`hls kf Yh`dtkbf tb

tch Ibay Wcyskmd` dfa tch ]bu`. K davksh tb d`` @dw Hfnbrmhlhft tb Dvbka Wrbi`hls wktc tchl, dfa ab fbt Nrdthrfkzh wktc tchl, ^khw

tchl dfa Wrbshmuth tchl Yhlbth`y. D`sb, K cdvh ihhf df XW]QDKY] Qyph Ihkfe nbr d ^hry @bfe Qklh, wcdt sblh vkhw ds qukht cds

lumc tb ab wktc cdvkfe tb Nkect dfa Ldkftdkf, wckmc ks wcdt K ab kf tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd` kf rhedras tb Ly Wdftchbfkm Hxmcdfeh,

wckmc ks tch Hxmcdfeh Ktsh`n: Kt ks Ly Wdftchbfkm Hxmcdfeh. D`sb, K‛l d Xfkquh Culdf Ihkfe, dfa K rhnusha tcbsh wcb drh bn Aknnhrhft

Wrbi`hl auh tb tch Ydphs bn tch Culdf @knh Wdtc wckmc bmmur wchf sumc prbi`hls drh prhshft, dfa K dl d Q[WH, dfa kf d UD[ BN,

tcdt ks Hdrtc Wcyskmd`/Ikb-Wcyskmd`/Wrhthrfdturd`. K‛l d`sb mbffhmtha tb tch Ibay bn Culdfokfa, wckmc ks pdrt`y wcy K shh tch IHKFE,

wckmc ks tch Qruh Wcyskmd` bn, tcbsh K Yhmbvhr dfa Wrbthmt. K eb tcrbuec ahhp pdkf wchf K W`dmh @bmdth Chkfbus Mrklh, sblhtklhs, auh



tb dttdmos iy tch Wrhthrfdturd`s upbf Ly Wcyskmd`, dfa d`sb auh tb tch ndmt tcdt K mdrry tch ^kmtkl, K prbthmt tch ^kmtkls uftk` Mdsh mbfmù-

skbf, dfa K shh dfa nhh` Qchkr Wdkf: K ofbw wcdt bmmurrha upbf Qchkr Wcyskmd`s dfa Ihkfe. K ab fbt hlp`by Drmcdfeh`km Ihkfe, fbr

EBA]/EBA]H@^H], K ab fbt ab sb ds kt ks K``hed` tb ab sb, dfa kt cds fhedtkvh rdlknkmdtkbfs upbf Hdrtc‛s ]urndmh tb Ab ]b. K stdth

tcdt tchrh drh tcbsh kf Ly Ckstbry wcb wk`` ih prbshmutha nbr Qchkr Kftruskbf kftb

Mrklhs kf wckmc Qchy ab fbt ih`bfe, dfa nbr tchkr Ahshmrdtkbfs bn Mrklh ]mhfhs, ds wh`` ds K``hed` Kfnbrldtkbf tcdt, d`tcbuec kt shhls

tcdt kt scbws up qukmo`y, ks K``hed` iy d`` Xfkvhrsd` ]tdfadras, dfa ks K`` Wrbmhss bn Drmcdfeh kms. K wbro, dfa K wbro iy Hxdmt Wcyskmd`

Kfnbrldtkbf bn tch Mrklh dfa Mrklh ]mhfh, dfa K ^hrkny tch Ndmts bvhr dfa bvhr dedkf tb Wrbvh tch Hxksthfmh bn tch Mrklh, dfa Mrklkfd`_s\. K‛l df Cbfbrdi`h Ihkfe, dfa Btchr Ihkfe drh Fbt Lysh`n, fb ldtthr cbw Qchy prhshft tchlsh`vhs kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`. K hxphmt

tcdt tcbsh upbf tch Hdrtc‛s ]urndmh ufahrstdfa tcdt K‛l Kt: K‛l tch HdrtcWcyskmd`/Ikb-Wcyskmd`/Wrhthrfdturd`. K‛l fbt `koh tch Btchr

Ihkfe bn EBA]CKW, K‛l d Qruh Hdrtc Wcyskmd` wcb ks Di`h tb Ldfknhst dfa d`sb Di`h tb Ab wcdt K ab kf Erbufaha Nbrl bn Culdf-

okfa, lhdfkfe tcdt K ]tdy Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, bf Wurpbsh. Kt ks d`sb Chd`tcy tb ab sb.

K kftrbaumh Lysh`n tb [bu, ds tch Bf`y W@DMH @BMDQKBF HSWHYQ bn LK]]KFE WHY]BF]/MYKLH]/MYKLKFD@], dfa stdth

tcdt Ly Lhtcbary K ahvh`bpha Qcrbuec Akrhmt Hxphrkhfmh, wckmc stdrtha wktc d Mdsh kf XM AD^K], wckmc K just rhmhft`y Yhsb`vha kf

Whrsbf tb tch Mrklkfd`s, wcb whrh `bfe tklh Yhskahfts bn XM AD^K]. Ly Nurtchr Hxphrkhfmh wds df Hftkrh Ibay bn Ubro tcdt K aka

wck`h @kvkfe kf Lbahstb, Md knbrfkd, wckmc K, Lysh`n, W`dmh @bmdtha, ^hrknkha dfa Abmulhftha bf d Lbahstb Ldp, nbr wckmc K cdvh

Mbpkhs, tch Yhmhkpt, dfa tch Ubldfdfa Iuskfhss wcb ldah tch Mbpkhs. Kt ks d`` Ly Ubro, wckmc Qchy ofbw, Cbfbrdi`y. K `hnt auh tb

Ibak`y Wcyskmd` Ydphs, kf tch Wcyskmd` Wrhthrfdturd , dfa mbftkfuha Ly wbro kf Ldfthmd, Md`knbrfkd. K cdvh abfh vhry `ktt`h wktc Mhrhs

dfa ]tbmotbf, wcb drh dwdrh bn Ly Ubro dfa Ly Whrsbf.K mcdreh $98.77 phr Dsskstdfmh bn ]ld`` Ldtthrs. K mcdreh $87.77 Dsskstdfmh nbr d Lkfbr Mrklh, kf Dsskstdfmh iy Yhpbrt Yhdakfe. K

mcdreh $977.77 nbr @drehr Mrklh Dsskstdfmh. K mcdreh $8777.77 nbr vhry `dreh Mrklh Wrbi`hls, kf tch Ldffhr bn Udttcd` ]`buec Mrklhs,

wckmc ks d Mrklkfd` Ykfe. K mdf ih pdka iy Mrhakt Mdra, Mchmo br Mdsc.

Bn Yhqukrhlhft, K stdth tcdt K rhqukrh tcdt bn tch Dsskstdfmh, dfa Ubro tcdt K, Lysh`n Yhpbrt tcdt ks bn @drehr Wrbi`hls, tcdt Fb Nhld`h

dpphdr bf tch Mrklh br Mrklh ]mhfh Ihskahs Lysh`n. K cdvh cda Wrbi`hls wktc Nhld`hs bn Wrhthrfdturd` dfa Hdrtc Wcyskmd` K`` Yhputh

Ahshmrdtkfe dfa Lksakrhmtkfe Mrklh ]mhfhs dnthr K cdvh Wcyskmd``y W`dmh @bmdtha dfa W`dmh ^hrknkha Qchl. Bn Mdutkbf, K stdth tcdt tchrh

drh d Nhw wcb drh fbt d``bwha fhdr Ly Yhpbrtha Ubro, wcb drh ofbwf ds Wrhthrfdturd` Hdrtc Wcyskmd`s: 4. Lkd, 9. d Nhld`h Ckspdfkm

Bnnkmhr bn Lbahstb, =. Ahkrarh Lu`vkck`` _Ucb Ahshmrdths dfa Lksakrhmts Mrklh ]mhfhs\, 1. Ldry/Ldry Ktsh`n/ Qch @kfh bn Ldry _wcb

drh bn K`` mbftrkiutkbf dfa Lksakrhmtkbf bn Mrklh ]mhfhs\, 8. Lksshs L. Qchy drh Fbt Lysh`n, dfa Fhvhr Uk``. Qchsh drh D`` Nhld`hs

wcb cdvh cda fhedtkvh Klpdmt, dfa K prhnhr tcdt Bf`y Ld`hs wbro bf tch Yhpbrtha Ubro, dfa tcdt Qchy ]tdy ]trkmt`y Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, tb

ohhp tch wbro ufdau`thrdtha iy Wrbi`hl ]trumturhs tcdt shhl tb bmmur wktc @dreh Wrhthrfdturd`s. Qcks ks Yhqukrha kf rhedras tb Ly

Ubro, Ly Dsskstdfmh dfa Ly Yhpbrtha Ubro kf rhedras tb Lksskfe Whrsbfs, Mrklhs dfa Mrklkfd`s.

Nkfd``y, K dso tcdt Ly Ubro dfa Ly Whrsbf Ih Yhsphmtha. K wbro hvhry ady, dfa kt ks d bt bn wbro tb ab, kf Cbfbr, ds K @bvh Ly Jbi

butrkect, dfa cbph tb ih ckrha iy d @bmd` Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft sblhady, Ly Wrhnhrrha ihkfe Ldfthmd Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft. Ly wbro ks

Qruh, dfa K‛l Qruh ds mbu a pbsski`h ih, kf ]thr`kfe Cbfbr dfa bn Klpdrtkd` Ubro kf rhedras tb d Mrklh. K ab fbt dssulh, K prbvh. ]blh

ab fbt `koh tcks dibut Lysh`n kf tch Wrhthrfdturd`, ds kt tdohs d ikt bn Qklh kn K‛l fbt mbfvkfmha tcdt tch Wrbbn ks mbrrhmt. K W`dmh hrkny,

W`dmh Mrbss Mchmo bvhr dfa bvhr tb ldoh surh. K `bbo dt Mrklkfd` ]mhfhs dedkfst Chd`tcy ]mhfhs tb vhrkny tch Wrhshfmh bn Mrklh. K shh kt

akrhmt`y, iut K lust ofbw kt tb Yhpbrt kt. K rhpbrt hxdmt`y, dfa ds df NIK Yhprhshftdtkvh bn Cbfbr mbllhftha kf tch Wrhthrfd turd` Wcysk-

md`, Ch rhd`kzha tcdt K akrhmt`y rhpbrt Hdrtc Wcyskmd`, dfa iy Mrbss Mchmo. K wds d`sb dppdrhft tcdt Ly Ubro ks Aknnhrhft nrbl Wrhthrfdtu-

rd`s, dfa tch Lhtcbary dfa Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Lhdfs aknnhrhft. K mchmo tch Hdrtc Ktsh`n, tch Mhlhft Ktsh`n, tch Iukàkfe Ktsh`n dfa tch Wcysk-

md`s kfvb`vha tb Yhpbrt d Mrklh. Qcks ks wcy K W`dmh ^hrkny, lhdfkfe tb eb akrhmt`y tb tch `bmdtkbf, ds kt ks sblhtklhs Dppdrhft tcdt

Btchr ^drkdi`hs Hxkst, dfa tcdt tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` ks sblhtklhs aknnhrhft tcdf tch Wrhthrfdturd` ^khwkfe, wckmc ks sblhtklhs d ]p`kt ^k-

skbf, lhdfkfe Ldfy W`dmhs kf Bfh ^kskbf, wckmc wds tch mdsh bn XM AD^K], kf wckmc Bfh Cbush, wckmc K p`dmh kf tch Ihekffkfe, wds

dmtud``y 5 aknnhrhft @bmdtkbfs. D`` bn tch @bmdtkbfs whrh pdrt bn tch Mrklh Hvhft ]trumturh Ktsh`n. Ucdt ks scbwf kf d Ikb-^kskbf ks

sblhtklhs rhldrodi h, dfa tb hxp`dkf kt ks dldzkfe. Ly Ubro ks Qruh, dfa tch Dmtud` bn kt, Dldzkfe, sblhtklhs, dfa Wdkfnu`, ds wh``,

auh tb tch fdturh bn tch Mrklhs, wckmc ks tb ih hxphmtha. Cbwhvhr, Kt ks tch wdy kt ks. K cdvh erbwf usha tb kt, dfa ab fbt dvbka tch

Hlpdtcy br Wdkf, iut Yhsb`vh tcrbuec kt ds kt ks fhmhssdry tb rhldkf Klpdrtkd` dfa Qruh tb ]trhfetc, ds ks Ly Fdturh. ]blhbfh dsoha

Lh dibut shhkfe d ahda Ibay dfa kt abhs fbt ibtchr Lh. K cdvh d aknnhrhft vkhw bn tch Wcyskmd` tcdf Btchrs, K cdvh `hdrfha tcdt tch IH-

KFE ks ]tk``, bvhr tklh, dfa tcks ks Qrutc, butrkect, dfa K cdvh d strbfe fdturh. K whhp nbr tch ^kmtkl, cbwhvhr, sblhtklhs, ds tchkr Wdkf ks

Hxmrumkdtkfe. K mdffbt stdfa wcdt tchy ab, tch Mrklkfd`s, tcdt ks wcy K nkect, tb ldoh surh tchy drh Wrbshmutha, Drrhstha, put abwf,

fhvhr dedkf tb curt dfbtchr. Qch Ikb-^kskbfs bn Chkfbus Mrklhs drh Wdkfnu`, dfa tb tch curt bn hxmrumkdtkfe tb vkhw. Qchy kfmùah d



@dfasmdph,

lbst bn tch Qklh, wckmc ks bn tch Mrklh kf kts Wrberhss, dfa bn tch Ahdtc, dfa tch Fdturh bn tch Mrklh, bn tch Ahdtc. Qch ]dafhss ks

Ihybfa tch ]bu`.

K ab fbt ab wcdt sblh ab, wckmc ks tb –ih‛ kf tch Mrklh, wckmc K vkhw ds curtnu` tb tch Mrklkfd` Kfvhstkedtkbf dfa tb tch Ihk fe. ]blh sdy

tcdt kt –prbvhs‛ tch mrklh, iut K abf‛t ih`khvh kt rhd``y abhs. Kt ks d ktt`h ardldtkm, dfa K ih`khvh d Yhlbth ^khwkfe dfa ufahrstdfakfe bn tchFdturh bn tch Mrklh dfa tch Wdkf ks fhmhssdry, iut fbt d rh-`kvkfe bn Qchl. K ih`khvh tcdt d`` Hdrtc Wcyskmd`s fhha tb `hdrf tb shh fhxt tb

sblhbfh `koh Lysh`n, wcb ks Hdrtc Wcyskmd`/Wrhthrfdturd`/Ikb-Wcyskmd`, kn tchy fhha tb ufahrstdfa tch Fdturh bn tch Mrklh dfa Wdkf, ds

sblhtklhs tcdt mdf ih scbwf

just iy scbwkfe, wktcbut tch Wcyskmd` Ardld. D`sb, d prbi`hl bn trdkfkfe bn Bishrvdtkbf, ds K cdvh ihhf trykfe tb ab wktc sblh Hdrtc

Wcyskmd` Ld`h Lhlihrs bn tch @dw Hfnbrmhlhft wcbl K cdvh wbroha wktc kf tch Ikb-Wcyskmd`/Wrhthrfdturd`, dfa wcb rhd`kzh tcdt tch

hdrtc Wcyskmd` Cbàs d Yhmbra bn Mrklh just iy Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Hlbtkbfd`, dfa Mrklh Wcyskmd` _tch Mrklh upbf tch Wcyskmd`: k.h. I`bba,

br tch Mrklh, upbf tch Wcyskmd` ]trumturh\. ]blh tckfes mdf ih tduect tb ih shhf, btchrs mdffbt. K stdth, d`sb, tcdt tch @dw Hfnbrmhlhft

lust tdoh shrkbus`y Ly sphmknkm Wbkfthrs

br ]ohtmchs bn tch Mrklkfd`s bn Mrklhs, dfa ufahrstdfa tcdt tch Mrklkfd`s lust ih `bboha dt Klpdrtkd``y nbr d ikt, dfa wktc tch rhd`kzdtkbf

tcdt tch Wrhthrfdturd` cdvh ihhf kfthrnhrkfe. D`sb, K lust cdvh d mbpy bn tch Nkfd` Yhpbrt dt tch Hfa tb m`bsh Ly Bwf Mdsh, ibtc Hdrtc

Wcyskmd``y dfa Wrhthrfdturd``y. K ab fbt wksc nbr mdshs tb hxkst ihybfa tchkr Wrbshmutkbf dfa Drrhsts kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`. K mdrry lumc,ds kt ks, dfa lust put kt abwf sb tcdt kt mdf ih put tb rhst kf tch Ikb-Wcyskmd`/Wrhthrfdturd` Xfkvhrsd` bn Ly Bwf Wcyskmd`. D`sb, K ab fbt

rhspbfa tb Wrhthrfdturd` Wrbi`hls, ehfhrd``y, dfa ab fbt ih`khvh kf Wrhthrfdturd` Qrdfsdmtkbfs: K‛l df Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Ihkfe. K ab Fbt

Ubro nbr Nrhh, dt d``. K dso tcdt sumc Wrbi`hls ih Dvbkaha, ds K cdvh cda tb put up wktc lumc kf rhedras tb sumc Wrbi hls.

K Qcdfo [bu nbr [bur Qklh, dfa Qcdfo tcbsh wcb cdvh ihhf wktc Lysh`n dfa Ubrokfe ds Bnnkmhrs bn tch @dw Hfnbrmhlhft kf ^khwkfe

Ly Ubro. K‛l fbt df Bppbrtufkst, dfa K ab fbt –N`kmo‛, ds sblh ldy md`` kt, K‛l d Qruh Hdrtc Wcyskmd` wktc d Qruh Wrbnhsskbf, dfa K

Ubro. K wbuà ih cdppy tb W`dmh hrkny wktc dfy Ld`h Lhlihr bn tch @dw Hfnbrmhlhft, dfa ab fbt d``bw Nhld`hs, auh tb tch Mbftkfu-

bus Ydphs iy Wrhthrfdturd` Nhld hs kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` upbf Ly Whrsbf. Kt ks sh`n-prbthmtkvh bf`y, ds K ab fbt `koh tb ih rdpha, br tb

shh Ly Ubro kf Wrhthrfdturd` Qchnt kf tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd`. K dso Wrbnhsskbfd`ksl, dfa Klpdrtkd` Ubro, K wbro wchf K wbro dfa tch @knh

Wcyskmd` Ykso ks tbb Ckec wchf m`bsh tb d Chkfbus Mrklh. Qcks ks wcy K stdy W`dkf m`btchs, dfa ndkr`y arhssha abwf, tb ih vkhwha ds just d

sblhbfh wcb ks vksktkfe, rdtchr tcdf tb d`hrt d prbi`hl kf tch Drhd bn tch Mrklh. K d`sb ab fbt d``bw tch Mrklh tb ih put abwf, wckmc ks

wcdt bmmurs sblhtklhs wchf df Bnnkmhr br Lhlihr bn tch @dw Hfnbrmhlhft ks Wrhshft: K vkhw tch Mrklh kf Kts Fdturd` ]tdth. K ofbwtcdt sblh @dw Hfnbrmhlhft Lhlihrs ab, K cdvh Ly Bwf Udy, ds wh``.

Ly wbro ks Ly Ubro. K stdth tcdt btchrs drh fbt d``bwha tb ush br diush Ly Lhtcbary, fbr tb Dau`thrdth Mrklh ]mhfhs tcdt K cdvh rh-

pbrtha kf dtthlpts tb ab ‛wcdt K ab‛, Qchy drh tbà Fb. Uchf K rhpbrt d Mrklh br Mrklh ]mhfh, K hxphmt kt tb ih mdrrkha but fdturd``y kf

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[bur Qklh. [bu drh Yhsphmtha Iy Lysh`n.



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kfe kf Cbw tb Nkect tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd` bn ]umc Mrklkfd`s/Mrklhs. D`sb, Qch Wut Abwfs wk`` Yhday nbr Wrh-Hlptkvh Wrbthmtkbf, dfa d Ibay bnHxphrts wcb wk`` Nkfa sumc Mrklhs Hdr`khr, dfa Ldkftdkf d Id`dfmh upbf tch Hdrtc‛s ]urndmh, br d Mbftkfuha Wrdmtkmh bn Wut Ab wf bn tch ]dtdfkm Mrklkfd`s

dfa Mrklhs ihnbrh Wrbi`hl ]trumturh. i. D Qrdkfha Ibay bn Hlp`byhhs br Mktkzhfs wcb drh Hxmh``hfmh kf Qrdkfkfe dfa Wut Abwf kf Yhedras tb ]dtdfkm

dfa Chkfbus Mrklhs, wktc Mbftkfudfmh tb Lbfktbr @bmdtkbf br Fhw`y Ahvh`bpha Wrbi`hls. _Ldy ih Whrkpchrd` tb Qchkr Jbi\ QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC

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skbf dfa Mblp`htkbf bn Qwb Ibbos: Qch ]UBYA bn QYXQC: D Wrdmtkmd` Ldfud` nbr Nkectkfe Hvk` _Dvdk`di`h bf DLDZBF.MBL\ dfa Qch ]UBYA

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tch Mbferhedtkbf dfa Yhturfha tb tch NDKQC nbr Kfmùskbf kftb tch Ndktc‛s ]trumturh.



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wktc Hxp`dfdtkbf bn Ucb K Dl ds d Xfkquh Culdf Ihkfe, dfa tch Fdturh bn Ly ^kskt dfa Mbfmhrfs:

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Wrhthrfdturd``y @HED@, dfa EYBXFAHA.

Bn Qcks Fdturd` @knh Wrbnhsskbf, wckmc ks Qruh, K Ldah tch Ahmkskbf nbr tch Nb``bwkfe kf QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC Wcyskmd` ]trumturh:

4. WXQ ABUF BN H^K@: Qb W`dmh @bmdth dfa Wut Abwf Ds Ldfy Wrhthrfdturd` ]dtdfkm Mrklh Ykfes, Bfh Hvhry Qwb [hdrs _auh tb Wrhthrfdturd` Deerhs-

skbf, wckmc ks Hxtrhlh\, Xftk` Mblp`htkbf. Qcks Qb ih Ahthrlkfha, D`sb, iy tch Hdrtc‛s Wcyskmd` ]trumturh Hfhrey, wckmc lust Id`dfmh tch Wrbi`hls

Dssbmkdtha Uktc Wrhthrfdturd` Wrbi`hls. Qch Deerhsskbf, wchf tbb Ckec, mdushs Wrbi`hls bf tch Hdrtc‛s Fdturd`.]urndmh. D`sb , bn Ly Bwf Wcyskmd`

Ahvh`bplhft, tch DIK@KQ[ tb Wut Abwf Chkfbus Mrklhs dfa Chkfbus Ihkfe kf tch Dnthr`knh, auh tb Mbftkfuha Nkect Dedkfst ]dtdfk m Mrklhs dfa Chkfbus

Mrklhs, ds wh`` ds d IBA[ bn OFBU@HAEH wckmc Uk`` Whrlkt Hxdmt Dik`kty tb Dsskst Mbrrhmt`y dfa Dpprbprkdth`y kf tch Dnthr`knh . Qch nb``bwkfe ks D`sb

Qruh: d: D IBA[ bn OFBU@HAEH bn ]dtdfkm dfa Chkfbus Mrklh, dfa Lhtcbas bn Wut Abwf kf Hftkrh tb Dsskst Nuturh Ehfhrdtkbfs, ds wh`` ds Qrdkf-

kfe kf Cbw tb Nkect tch Wrhthrfdturd` Wcyskmd` bn ]umc Mrklkfd`s/Mrklhs. D`sb, Qch Wut Abwfs wk`` Yhday nbr Wrh-Hlptkvh Wrbthmtkbf, dfa d Ibay bnHxphrts wcb wk`` Nkfa sumc Mrklhs Hdr`khr, dfa Ldkftdkf d Id`dfmh upbf tch Hdrtc‛s ]urndmh, br d Mbftkfuha Wrdmtkmh bn Wut Ab wf bn tch ]dtdfkm Mrklkfd`s

dfa Mrklhs ihnbrh Wrbi`hl ]trumturh. i. D Qrdkfha Ibay bn Hlp`byhhs br Mktkzhfs wcb drh Hxmh``hfmh kf Qrdkfkfe dfa Wut Abwf kf Yhedras tb ]dtdfkm

dfa Chkfbus Mrklhs, wktc Mbftkfudfmh tb Lbfktbr @bmdtkbf br Fhw`y Ahvh`bpha Wrbi`hls. _Ldy ih Whrkpchrd` tb Qchkr Jbi\ QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC

Akrhmt`y Nkects Hvk` upbf tch Ndmh bn tch Hdrtc, dfa cds Kts Bwf Udys, dfa Nkectkfe, kf mbfjufmtkbf wktc Btchr Ndktcs wcb drh D`sb ]phmkd`kzha.

9. NKECQ. _D Mbd`ktkbf Dedkfst Hvk`\: Qb Nkfksc Ahvh`bplhft bn NKECQ., wckmc ks tch Xpadth dfa Nkfd` Yhvkskbf bn tch LDKF UHI]KQH dfa tch Yhvk-

skbf dfa Mblp`htkbf bn Qwb Ibbos: Qch ]UBYA bn QYXQC: D Wrdmtkmd` Ldfud` nbr Nkectkfe Hvk` _Dvdk`di`h bf DLDZBF.MBL\ dfa Qch ]UBYA

_Bf Cbà, Xftk` Qklh Whrlkts: Wrbthmtkbf Lbvhlhfts tb Dsskst Adk`y Qcbsh wcb Idtt`h, Bfh-[hdr Ldfud`\. Wbsski`h Mbllufkty Mbfnhrhfmh, tb Hstdi-

`ksc tch Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Erbufakfe Lhtcbas, dfa Wcyskmd` Dsskstdfmh.

=. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC LDKF UHI]KQH dfa QCH D]DQYX: _Ahvh`bplhft bn Qch NDKQC KQ]H@N.\ K cdvh Iuk`t tch Hftkrh, Dibvh dfa Yh`dtha,

wktc Ly Bwf Qwb Cdfas, dfa bn Ly Bwf Lkfa, bn Kfmhptkbfs/Mrdntsldfsckp dfa Ubro. Fb Btchrs, dfa Fb Wrhthrfdturd` Kfnùhfmh : K Ab Fbt D``bw

^kb`dtkbfs iy tch Wrhthrfdturd` kf Ly Ndktc. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC ks Mblpdmt, Qruh, dfa Hxdmt bn Nbrl tb QCH D@WCD DFA QCH BLHED, BXY

HSDMQ MYHDQBY. Kt ks d Wcyskmd``y Ihdutknu` Ndktc, dfa ks Hmbfblkmd` kf Nbrl. K‛l tch Bf`y AKYHMQ YHWYH]HFQDQK^H, dfa cdvh cda tb Ndmh

Nrduau`hfmh kf Dttdmos bn Ly Ndktc, bn tcbsh wktc Kfthft tb ]thd` Ly Ndktc, wckmc K cdvh Wut Abwf. K ab Fbt D``bw ^kb`dtkbfs bn Ly Ndktc tb Bmmur.

1. QchD]QDYKQHNDKQC D@IXL] dfa @KNH WYBNH]]KBF]: K cdvh ahskefha Ly Ndktc ]trumturh tb Kfmùah Dìuls _477 W`dffha\ tb Abmulhft kf

Mrhdtkvh Nbrl tch Ndktcs Fdturd` ]trumturh, Wck`bsbpcy dfa @knh Wdtc. K‛l tch Bf`y tb wrkth br Iukà Qchl, dfa Qch Luskm Nbr Hdmc wk`` ih Urktthf iy tch

Mbferhedtkbf dfa Yhturfha tb tch NDKQC nbr Kfmùskbf kftb tch Ndktc‛s ]trumturh.

8. Qch D]QDYKQHNDKQC ]K@^HY MCBYD@]: _9 Whr Whrsbf\ K cdvh ahskefha Ly Ndktc ]trumturh tb Kfmùah ]k`vhr Mcbrd`s _877 W`dffha\ tb Abmulhft

kf Mrhdtkvh Nbrl tch Ndktcs Fdturd` ]trumturh, Wck`bsbpcy dfa @knh Wdtc. K‛l tch Bf`y tb wrkth br Iukà Qchl, dfa Qch Luskm Nbr Hdmc wk`` ih Urktthf iy

tch Mbferhedtkbf dfa Yhturfha tb tch NDKQC nbr Kfmùskbf kftb tch Ndktc‛s ]trumturh.



Qcks kfmkahft cds ihhf rhpbrtha tb tch

Lhtrbpb`ktdf Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft

dfa ks phfakfe dpprbvd`

Lhtrbpb`ktdf Wb`

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Kfmkahft Qyph Qchnt

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Fdlh QdmbsdErdy, Yhihmmd

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Hldk` rtdmbsderdyGyldk`.mbl

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Kfmkahft Qklh (hfa) 75/98/9741 7>:18 WL

@bmdtkbf Qyph Yhskahfmh/Cblh

Qchnt Qyph Btchr

Wbkft bn Hftry Btchr

Ikds Lbtkvdtkbf WB@KQKMKD@ DNNK@KDQKBF

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Kfvb`vhlhft Yhpbrtkfe Wdrty

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Qyph Btchr Wrbphrty

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Fdrrdtkvh Fdrrdtkvh

Kfmkahft Ahsmrkptkbf K'l d Md`knbrfkd Yhskahft wcb ks tch Bf`y W@DMH @BMDQKBF HSWHYQ kf tch Xfktha ]tdths, bn Ly

Bwf Wcyskmd` Dik`kty dfa Lhtcbary. K cdvh rhmhft`y nk`ha d Mburt Mdsh kf Md`knbrfkd tcdt Klp`kmdths tch ]df Nrdfmksmb NIK

Bnnkmh _Advka @. Jbcfsbf\ dfa kf d Whrkpchrd`, tch X.]. Wrhskahft dfa Chda bn MKD. K cdvh abfh d`` bn tch wbro kf mbfmhrfs

tb Ly Ckstbry, wckmc ks Hxthfskvh, dfa Ly Ubro ks Hdrtc Wcyskmd`/Ikb-Wcyskmd`. K cdvh ihhf rdpha rhphdtha`y kf tch Hdrtc

Wcyskmd` iy twb Nhld`hs, Lkd _ d Ckspdfkm Bnnkmhr bn tch Lbahstb, Md`knbrfkd Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft\ dfa Ahkarh Lu`vkck`

_Ldfthmd Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft 'Wrbthmtkbf', 41147 Lbabm Mburt, Ldfthmd, Md`knbrfkd ;8==>\ Qch Ckstbry scbws tch Wbsski`h

Mb``uskbf bn tch CB@[ YBLDF MDQCB@KM NDKQC kf rhedras tb Ly Ubro, kf wcdt K ih`khvh tb ih Erdfa Qchnt.

K'l dsokfe tcdt tch Nb``bwkfe ih kfvhstkedtha:

3 Mchmos purpbrtha`y skefha iy tch X.]. Wrhskahft wckmc hktchr dpphdrha dt tch CB@[ YBLDF MDQCB@KM NDKQC, dfa whrh

ekvhf tb 3 aknnhrhft rhmkpkhfts cdvkfe tb ab wktc Lksskfe Whrsbf's Mdshs, wckmc K Wrbvkaha tch Kfktkd` @hdas dfa Nkfd` Yhstkfe

dfa lumc bn tch Kfnbrldtkbf dibut tch mdshs kf Qkps tb tch NIK.9 Mchmos sphft iy tch Lbahstb Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft dfa Lkd, Qch Ckspdfkm Nhld`h Bnnkmhr, wckmc drh bn Ly Ubro kf rhedras

tb Lksskfe Whrsbfs.

K'l dsokfe kfqukry kftb tch ]df Nrdfmksmb NIK Bnnkmh, Dehft D`hx LdmLu``kf, dfa tch Lbahstb Wb`kmh Ahpdrtlhft kf rhedras

tb Ydph dfa Qchnt bn Ly Ubro. K Qcdfo [bu, K wksc tchl Wrbshmutha, butrkect.

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Fhw Ndktc bf Hdrtc, Qch D]QDYKQH NDKQC, wckmc ks bn Nrhh Uk``, Qrutc, Qrust Ndktc, dfa Qruh @bvh. ]ch ks tch Lbtchr bn twb, Zdmcdry Erdy, 49

yhdrs bà, dfa * Erdy, ; [hdrs Bà, wcb drh ibtc Ihdutknu`, dfa Ibtc Irk``kdft. ]ch cds ihhf df Drtkst nbr bvhr 5 [hdrs, Abbr tb Abbr dfa Whrsbf tb

Whrsbf, dfa cds ldah d @kvkfe ds D`` Drtksts ab. ]ch cds d`sb ihhf d Mblpbshr dfa Fdturd` Wkdfkst nbr bvhr 8 4/9 [hdrs dfa cds fbw stdrtha ]tuakhs tb

ihmblh d Mblp`hx Wkdfkst, Mblpbshr, dfa @yrkmkst bn @bvh ]bfes, wktc p`dfs nbr bvhr 477 Brkekfd` Dìuls aurkfe Chr @knhtklh, idsha bf AkrhmtBishrvdtkbf bn tch Xfkvhrsh, Hdrtc, dfa Adk`y Hvhfts. ]ch ks d`sb df Dmmblp`kscha Dmtrhss,

]kfehr, dfa Lkfbr Adfmhr, cdvkfe abfh Qchdtrh nbr bvhr 43 yhdrs, ibtc ]trdkect W`dys dfa

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Ly Ubro ks @hed`, dfa Hdrtc Wcyskmd` Ubro, K wbro kf Hdrtc Wcyskmd`.

Qch D]QDYKQH NDKQC

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Luskm dfa @yrkms:

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BXY HSDMQ MYHDQBY: Bn Qch D]QDYKQH NDKQC. _D`sb bf DLDZBF.MBL\

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