myers’ psychology (7th ed) chapter 6 perception james a. mccubbin, phd clemson university worth...
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Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
(7th Ed)
Chapter 6 Perception
James A. McCubbin, PhDClemson University
Worth Publishers
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Perception
Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
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Change Blindness
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Organization: Gestalt
Visual Capture tendency for vision to dominate
the other senses Gestalt--an organized whole
tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
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Perceptual Organization: Gestalt
Grouping the perceptual tendency to organize
stimuli into coherent groups Grouping Principles
proximity--group nearby figures together
similarity--group figures that are similar continuity--perceive continuous patterns closure--fill in gaps connectedness--spots, lines, and areas
are seen as unit when connected
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Perceptual Organization: Illusory Contours
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Perceptual Organization
Figure and Ground--organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)
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Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles
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Perceptual Organization: Closure
Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.
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Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles
Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Depth Perception ability to see objects in three dimensions allows us to judge distance
Binocular cues retinal disparity
images from the two eyes differ closer the object, the larger the disparity
convergence neuromuscular cue two eyes move inward for near objects
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Visual Cliff
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Monocular Cues relative size
smaller image is more distant interposition
closer object blocks distant object relative clarity
hazy object seen as more distant texture coarse --> close
fine --> distant
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Relative Size
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Interposition
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Monocular Cues (cont.) relative height
higher objects seen as more distant relative motion
closer objects seem to move faster linear perspective
parallel lines converge with distance relative brightness
closer objects appear brighter
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Relative Height
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Perspective Techniques
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Light and Shadow
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Illusory Depth
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Perceptual Constancy
Perceptual Constancy perceiving objects as unchanging even
as illumination and retinal image change color shape size
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Perceptual Organization
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Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception
Illusory Depth Explanation
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Perceptual Organization: Muller-Lyer Illusion
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Perceptual Organization: Size-Distance Relationship
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Perceptual Organization-Brightness Contrast
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Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles
Impossible doghouse
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Sensory Restriction:Blakemore & Cooper, 1970
Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.
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Perceptual Interpretation
Perceptual Adaptation (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual fieldprism glasses
Perceptual Seta mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
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Perceptual Set:Schemas
What you see in the center is influenced
byperceptual set
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Perceptual Set: Schemas
Flying Saucers or Clouds?
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Perception and the Human Factor
Human Factors Psychology explores how people and machines interact explores how machine and physical
environments can be adapted to human behaviors
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Perceptual Set: Human Factors
Actualdescent
path
Pilot’s perceiveddescent path
Altitude looksthis much higher
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2Distance from runway (miles)
10
8
6
4
2
0
Altitude(thousands
of feet)
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Is There Extrasensory Perception?
Extrasensory Perception controversial claim that perception can
occur apart from sensory input telepathy clairvoyance precognition
Parapsychology the study of paranormal phenomena
ESP psychokinesis