mycenaean and hellenic delavente 2a

8/10/2019 Mycenaean and Hellenic Delavente 2a

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In A R C H I T E C T U R E


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Cyclopean Architecture


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Cyclopean masonry, a type of stonework found in Mycenaeanbuilt with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted to

minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of

boulders typically seem unworked, but some may have been wo

with a hammer and the gaps between boulders filled in with sma

limestone


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'Cyclopean', the term normally applied to the masonry style ch

Mycenaean fortification systems, describes walls built of hu

limestone boulders which are roughly fitted together


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Cyclopean Masonry WalReflect a need for protection and self-defense since th

walls often encircled the citadel site and the acropolis

which the site was located


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The walls are usually founded in extremely shallow beddings carv

bedrock

As these boulders are very big in size, the ancient people believ

the Cyclops who built these gates, as the thought it impossib

move such big rocks. That is why these walls were named Cyclope


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Rectangular Masonry Warectangular stones of unequal height, known as the fou

style of Cyclopean architecture


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Polygonal Masonry WallKnown as the second style of Mycenaean Period


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Polygonal masonry is a technique of stone construction of

Mediterranean world. True polygonal masonry is a technique

visible surfaces of the stones are dressed with straight sides or joi

block the appearance of a polygon

This technique is found throughout the Mediterranean ancorresponds to the less technical category ofCyclopean masonry


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tumulus burials dating to the Middle Bronze Age

The vaultedtholoiare a monumental Late Bronze Age developme

Tombs that usually contain more than one burial, in various placeeither on the floor, in pits and cists or on stone-built or rock-cut

with various grave goods. After a burial, the entrance to the tom

with soil, leaving a small mound with most of the tomb undergrou


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the dromos in early examples was usually just cut from the bed

Panagia Tomb at Mycenae itself

the chamber is always built in masonry

the chambers were built as corbelled vaults, with layers of stone

together as the vault tapers toward the top of the tomb


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Hellenic Periodperiod of ancient Greek and Mediterranean history between

the death of Alexander the Great

ca. 32330 BC

A part of the Ancient Period for the European and Near Asian

space. The use of this period is justified by the extent of the

Hellenic culture in most of these areas, due to the Greek political

presence especially in Asia after Alexander's conquests, but also

to a new wave of Greek colonization


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In A R C H I T E C T U R E


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It resulted a vast in urban plans and large complexes whic

disappeared from city-states by the 5th century BC. This city planinnovative for the Greek world; rather than manipulating space

its faults, building plans conformed to the natural setting

This city planning was quite innovative for the Greek world

manipulating space by correcting its faults, building plans conf

natural setting


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One notes the appearance of many places of amusement and le

the multiplication of theatres and parks

The Hellenistic monarchies were advantaged in this regard in th

had vast spaces where they could build large cities: such as Antio

and Seleucia on the Tigris


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CorbelA solid piece of material in the wall, whereas a console

piece applied to the structure

Corbeling is the construction of corbel


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a corbel or console is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal

wall to carry a superincumbent weight, a type of bracket

The technique of corbelling, where rows of corbels deeply keyed

support a projecting wall or parapet, has been used since Neolith

"corbel" comes from Old French and derives from the Latin

diminutive of corvus (a raven) which refers to t

appearance. Similarly, the French refer to a bracket-corbel, u

bearing internal feature, as acorbeau(a crow)


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Corbeled Archan arch-like construction method that uses the architect

technique of corbeling to span a space or void in a struc

such as an entranceway in a wall or as the span of a bri


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Corbeled Tablesa projecting moulded string course supported by a rang

corbels. Sometimes these corbels carry a small arcade und

string course, the arches of which are pointed and tref


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Temple of ApolloGrand and monumental architecture can be found in Ionia,

day Turkey in Pergamon and Didyma. The Temple of Apo

Didyma was both a temple and an oracle site for the god


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The interior court was 71 feet wide by 175 feet long and cont

shrine. The court was also dipteral in form, edged with a doub

columns 65 feet tall which surrounded the temple

The structure creates a series of imposing spaces from the exter

to the oracle rooms and the interior courtyard inside of which

Apollo stood

designed by the architects Paionios of Ephesus and Daphnis of M

begun in 313 BCE and was never completed, although work conti

second century CE


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the temple has a door on the naos which provides access and ligh

it takes some cues from the Parthenon, such as a colonnade in th

this case the colonnade is a single story and only the columns

and not the stylobate have entasis

the temple faces north-south instead of east-west, which accom

landscape of the site

the temple has elements of all three architectural orders and is

the earliest known example of a Corinthian capital


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Tholos of Athena Pronaiaa circular shrine with twenty exterior Doric columns a

10 Corinthian columns in the interior. The Corinthian capit

developed in the middle of the fifth century and used min

until the Hellenistic era and was later popular with the Ro


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was designed by Polykleitos the Younger, the son of the sculptor

the mid fourth century BCE

the theater seats up to 15,000 people

located at Epidaurus and an example of the architecture and engi

time

this theatre was built into the hillside, which supports the stadium

the theater overlooks a lush valley and mountainous landscape


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The shape of the theater helped to amplify the sounds from th

the limestone seating is credited with muffling additional noises

the crowd

The theater is especially well known for its acoustics that co

spoken voice on the stage to every spectator, no matter where th


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Corinthianconsidered the third order of Classical architecture

The order's columns are similar to Ionic columns; the colum

slender and fluted and sit atop a base


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The capital consists of a double layer of acanthus leaves and a

stem that curls up towards the abacus in the shape of a scroll or v

The capital of the column differs and is substantially vegetal

The decorative Corinthian order was not widely adopted in Greecwas popular in tholos shrines; it was, however, used substantia

the Roman period


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TERMS

in linear perspective drawing the diagonal line p


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Orthogonal -in linear perspective drawing, the diagonal line p

vanishing point; sometimes referred to as vanishing or converg

Stoa -in Ancient Greece, a walkway with a roof supported b

often with a wall on one side; a portico

Dipteral -having a double row of columns on each on the fla

in front and rear, often said of a temple

Collonade -a series of columns at regular intervals


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Volute - the spiral curve on an Ionic capital

Acanthus - an ornament resembling the foliage or leaves

spinosus, and used in the capitals of the Corinthian and compo

Corbel - a structural member jutting out of a wall to carry a su

weight

Post and Lintela simple construction method using a header

horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends b

columns (posts)


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Megaron - the rectangular great hall in a Mycenaean bu

supported with pillars

Cyclopean Masonry -A type of stonework found in Mycenaean

built with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together

clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar

Dromos an entrance passage or avenue leading to a building


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mycenaean and hellenic delavente 2a

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