my little stories, vietnam & experimental high energy physics

Cao Van Son/ カオバンソン

(Kyoto University/ 京都大学 )

My little stories, Vietnam & Experimental High Energy Physics

7/1/16

Call me: Son (ソン )Sound like 孫悟空(My favorite manga)

In Vietnamese: Sơn = mountain (山)

What do I tell today…

²My little stories (Vietnam – USA -‐ Japan)

²My inspiration: from symmetry to experimental high energy physics

² Vietnamese culture

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o Ask ANY Question DURING the talk

o Noguchi-‐san can translate/ or better explain than me

o (I will try to speak slowly and clearly but if you cannot understand,

Just stop me and I will try my best to explain again)

My little story

² Born in small village of Vietnamo 5-‐6 hours flight from Japan (to Hanoi, or Ho Chi Minh city)

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As other children, I had multiple “duty” outside of study.I didn’t have any complaint, I enjoyed instead.

My little story (cont’d)

² Born in small village of Vietnam

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http://www.sondoongcave.org/photos-‐gallery.html

200m wide x 150m high x 9km long(The World’s largest cave)

Quảng Bình Citadel Gate

Long, beautiful beach Peaceful countryside


² Born in small village of Vietnam² Went to College of Natural Science,

Hanoi -‐ Vietnam’s capital (2004-‐2008)

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Turtle tower One Pillar Pagoda

Delicious dishes


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Hanoi -‐ Vietnam’s capital (2004-‐2008)² Went to Univ. of Texas at Austin for Ph.D

(Doctor of Philosophy) (2009-‐2014)

Fermilab, Ilinois

Austin, TX

Univ. of Texas, Austin

What starts here changes the world

Really? I have gone that far?I cannot imagine this when I was in high school


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Hanoi -‐ Vietnam’s capital (2004-‐2008)² Went to Univ. of Texas at Austin for Ph.D

(Doctor of Philosophy) (2009-‐2014)² Went to Japan June 2014 (to present)

Univ. of Texas, AustinOkayama

Kamioka, GifuKyoto

J-‐PARCTokai, Ibaraki

Why did I choose physics?

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² Question: all my family members (except me) are farmers, my three older brothers dropped from high school àWhy was I so different?

² Answers: o I found myself interested in raising questions and looking for the answers. o I didn’t enjoy playing game much, except football which I played almost everyday o I found that education can be a key to satisfy my curiousness and escape the poorness o The world is large and this academic path can help me to explore the world (I have

been in Korea, USA, Japan, Italy)

I’m not so proud, just enjoy my journey. I hope you enjoy your journey as well. That’s ALL.

My life as researchers (in US): Play hard, work sometime hard

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Feb 2012,Soudan, MN

Fishing at Michigan lakeChicago, IL

Aug. 2011

Oct. 2012Fermilab

~700m underground

On surface

My life as researchers (in Japan): Work hard, experience Japanese culture/beauty & family

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Feb 2012,Soudan, MN

Aug. 2011

~70m undergroundUnder Kamioka mineSummer 2014

At T2K control room In Christmas 2015

At home w/ my son~ 14 months

Enjoy Japan beauty,culture, cuisine

When did my interest to physics really begin?

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² It was about 2nd year at the college, I was attracted by symmetry in nature and physics.


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Symmetry is everywhere


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Symmetry: Definition and examples

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² The word symmetry comes from the Greek word summet ron, meaning well proportioned , well ordered.


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² Symmetry (Oxford dictionary): the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts

(Every face, every edge, and every corner is just the same as every other face, edge, or corner)

Five regularpolyhedra


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² Symmetry (Oxford dictionary): the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts

Five regularpolyhedra

Plato(Timaeus, 360 BC)

Earth Fire Air Water Cosmos

Classical elements

(4 faces) (8 faces)(6 faces) (20 faces) (12 faces)

Am I missing one element?

How does symmetry connect to the law of physics?

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Hint: Physical laws relate to conserved quantity, such as energy, momentum, or electric charge. Symmetry, on the other hand, makes

the system unchanged under some transformation.

Example: Angular Momentum conservation

We know that the physical objects are made of atoms which have nothing to do with polyhedra. However this brings great example of using symmetry to describe the nature. How are symmetry and physical laws connected each other?

Rotational symmetry

How does symmetry connect to the law of physics?

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Each symmetry is associated with a conserved quantity, such as energy, momentum or charge – Noether’s theorem

Translation in space

Rotationin space

Reflectionin space

Translation in time

Conservation of momentum

Conservation of angular momentum

Conservation of energy

Find answer yourself if you’reinterested in.

How about relativity theory?

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The theory of relativity is also built on a symmetry in spacetime, so-‐called Lorentz symmetry

Symmetry in the Standard Model

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Elementary particle zoo“Elementary” particles: basic blocks to build up matterTheir substructure is unknown.

Standard Model: The most popularmodel is used to describe three types of interactions.

The symmetry of Standard Model is

U(1)⇥ SU(2)⇥ SU(3)

Soon you will forget it, but keepin mind, symmetry is superimportant in physics.

Is symmetry essential for life?

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² Symmetry is beautiful. But can life (this universe) exist if symmetry is everywhere?


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² Symmetry is beautiful. But can life (this universe) exist if symmetry is everywhere? à The answer is NO.² Have you heard about anti-‐particle or anti-‐matter? They are symmetric with

particle or matter respectively. If the symmetry held, the amount of matter and anti-‐matter should be the same. But our universe contains mostly matter ß Something BREAKING


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1,000,000,001Matter

1,000,000,001Anti-‐Matter

Begin of Universe

Matter and anti-‐matter must beequal/symmetric at the beginning of Universe


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1,000,000,001Matter


1,000,000,002Matter


Begin of Universe Shortly after

This is how we survive or universe exist


Symmetry breaking

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² Let make it simpler

I’m student andI have number of friends,treat them equally (symmetrically)

One day, I realize one ismore special than others.Symmetrical treatmentis breaking

Symmetry breaking

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² Let make it simpler

“かわいい” is very popularin Japan, like a symmetry

But if you go to other countries, “かわいい” is not popular any more

Since it’s in Japan only, we called it “local symmetry”. Can you imagine a Japan without “かわいい”?

U(1)⇥ SU(2)⇥ SU(3)

Remember this?It is also local symmetry.

How does the Universe (or Life) begin?

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² Anti-‐matter need to convert to matter ß But how? We need to find the answer in the future. And this is the ULTIMATE goal of physics, find the answer to question: How does the Universe (or Life) begin?

1,000,000,001Matter


1,000,000,002Matter



This is how we survive or universe exist


How does the Universe (or Life) begin?

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² Anti-‐matter need to convert to matter ß But how? We need to find the answer in the future. And this is the ULTIMATE goal of physics, find the answer to question: How does the Universe (or Life) begin?

We might have hint from very tiny particle, so-‐called NEUTRINO

Elementary particle zoo

Many properties of this particleis still in mysteryà the hottest topicof the modern physics.

Neutrinos

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² Each second, 1012 neutrinos from the Sun passing through your body. In timeline, ~1022 neutrinos passing through your body, but only oneinteracts w/ your body on average

You can be super, but NEUTRINO is actuallythe GHOST of nature. They can penetrate through anything without leaving a trace.

Neutrinos: Need big detector

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² That low interaction probability requires BIG detector to detect them; and need to put underground to reduce the noise (like you need headphone to cancel the noise)

Super-‐Kamiokande(41.4 m tall x 39.3m diameter)Contain 50,000 tons of water1000m underground

Neutrinos: How to detect?

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² You cannot directly detect/see neutrinos. You look at their trace when they interacts with nucleus instead.

“Eyes”

A lot of “Eyes”

Neutrino Oscillations

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There are three types of neutrinos known so far and they can changetheir identitywhen traveling, like chameleons change their color

Neutrino change their identitylike a MAGIC


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This phenomenon was discovered by the Super-‐Kamiokandeexperiment in 1998à Nobel prize to Prof. Takaaki Kajita in 2015

Why it’s so important: This phenomenon implies that neutrinos have mass, which is out of description of the Standard Model àWe need better theory.


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In 2013, T2K experiment has discovered the final oscillation betweentwo types of neutrinosà Breakthrough prize in 2015Why it’s so important: This opens the door to search for an super-‐important symmetry breaking: CP symmetry, which might be the source of matter-‐ anti-‐matter asymmetry


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In 2013, T2K experiment has discovered the final oscillation betweentwo types of neutrinosà Breakthrough prize in 2015Why it’s so important: This opens the door to search for an super-‐important symmetry breaking: CP symmetry, which might be the source of matter-‐ anti-‐matter asymmetry

1,000,000,001Matter


1,000,000,002Matter



𝜈?

Neutrino physics

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You have chance to get Nobel prize and Breakthrough prize as well ifyou do neutrino physics in the future!!!à Keep your dreams

Why be a particle physicist? Beyond the academics

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² Did I tell you about BIG detector? It requires BIG collaboration (T2K experiment has ~ 500 physicists from 11 countries)² To meet many interesting and intelligent people² Travel to many countries

² A lot of useful skills to be learned, such as programing, data analysis. Many physicists can work in finance and consulting companies

² Can be friend with very COOL technology such as superconducting magnet, accelerator..

Develop unique way to think, to approachunknowns, to solve the problem, to designexperiment by your own.

On the path to be particle physicists?

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² Stay curious and enjoy your journey

² Physics: Standard Model, quantum mechanics (I recommend group theory if you love symmetry)

² Math: is important, we should learn and understand

² Statistics: is required since you are working with data. You need to know what data tell you and how to extract information from data.

² Programming and computing: computer, super-‐computer are your friends, make use of it, you can go farther/quicker than you can imagine.

² Engineering: Every complicated detectors make of basic elements. Understand them first and then you can build complicate things.

Vietnam culture

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Vietnam culture

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Culture, is not better or worse, just different. We should respect the difference.

² Vietnam is a multiethnic country, over 54 ethic groups recognized, the largest group is Kinh (Viet) 86% of population (I’m one of them)

² Each ethic group has its own cultureà Vietnam culture is fairly diverse

² The differences can be seen from their clothingand their languages

I will mainly talk about the culture of Kinh group, the largestgroup in Vietnam. (You will mainly meet Kinh people if you stay in the city; other ethich groups typically live in near to the mountains. )

Vietnam culture

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Japan² Use family name to call, like

Vietnam² Use first name to call, like me

Cao Văn Sơn Noguchi Yohei

Family name First name

Middle name

Family name First name

Name to call

Vietnam culture

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Japan² Three writing systems: Kanji,

hiragana, katakana

Vietnam² One writing systems: Vietnamese

alphabet is the Latin alphabet with additional diacritics for tones and certain latters

* Multiple language and dialects from various ethic groups

Vietnam culture (compare to Japan)

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Japan² Belief: 50%-‐80% pray and worship

ancestors and gods

Vietnam² Belief: worshiping of ancestors is

the most important practice

Vietnam: Children learn that they own everything to their parents and their ancestors. Doing well in the school and work hard honor their parent and family name. Also younger people needs to respect the elder because of their life experience.


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Vietnam: Children learn that they own everything to their parents and their ancestors. Doing well in the school and work hard honor their parent and family name. Also younger people needs to respect the elder because of their life experience.

Seat needs to give up to elderly person Show respect to elderly person on New Year,and get gift and wise advice from them.


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Japan² Asking “Nan sai desu ka?” is

normal

Vietnam² Avoid to ask “how old are you”,

especially to young lady. It’s okieto children

Vietnam culture: Marks

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Japan² Correct/wrong marks for answer

Vietnam² Correct/wrong marks for answer

✓

Don’t take any granted.

Vietnam culture

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Japan² Traditional clothing

Vietnam² Traditional clothing

Áo dài


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Japan² Drive/walk on the left

Vietnam² Drive/walk on the right

Vietnam culture

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Japan² Meal: Multiple dishes with small

portion (compare to Vietnam)

Vietnam² Meal: small number of dishes but

each contain sufficient portion

Additional things to remember

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² Vending machine: It is not popular. Please bring water with you when leaving the hotel to somewhere (Of course you can buy, but the price might be different on the street)

² Garbage separation: Not like Japan, system of garbage separation is not well-‐founded. In most of hotel, the garbage is not classified.

² People are normally kind and friendly but it is good to have local people with you.

² Party: Vietnamese people are normally noisy in the party (This style is different from Japanese people)

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I can list more but time is limited. Also, it’s better if you can learn by yourself.

Email me if you need help: [email protected]’m on Facebook too :)

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ありがとうございました。

Thank you very much.

Xin chân thành cảm ơn.*Cute animate I show can be found at: http://higgstan.com

Symmetry of space and time

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² Translational symmetry: The law of physics are the same everywhere and at all times;

² Rotational symmetry: The law of physics don’t depend on how we choose the coordinates

² Boost symmetry: The law of physics are same for someone standing still and for those who is moving at a constant velocity

² Poincare symmetry:

CPT symmetry

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my little stories, vietnam & experimental high energy physics

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