my ing, to or 0 infinitive
DESCRIPTION
A brief explanation on the use of the -ing, to and zero Infinitive.TRANSCRIPT
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-ING, TO OR 0 INFINITIVE?-ING, TO OR 0 INFINITIVE?
USING -ING, TO OR ZERO INFINITIVE
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Using the Gerund (-ing Using the Gerund (-ing Form)Form)
1.1. As the Subject of a As the Subject of a sentence:sentence:
- Going outGoing out is fun. is fun.- ReadingReading is my favourite hobby. is my favourite hobby.- Walking to schoolWalking to school is good exercise. is good exercise.
(We would use the Infinitive in Spanish/ (We would use the Infinitive in Spanish/ Galician)Galician)
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2. After PREPOSITIONS:2. After PREPOSITIONS:
- Thanks Thanks for writingfor writing..- She She insisted on drivinginsisted on driving my car. my car.- I I apologized for beingapologized for being late. late.- Keep on tryingKeep on trying!!- We’re We’re tired of waitingtired of waiting..
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3. After some expressions:3. After some expressions:- I I can’t (couldn’t) helpcan’t (couldn’t) help falling in love falling in love
with you (as Elvis said).with you (as Elvis said).- I I can’t stand can’t stand getting upgetting up early.early.- II don’t mind / Would you mind don’t mind / Would you mind opening opening
the window?the window?- I I look forward tolook forward to visiting India next visiting India next
year.year.- We We feel likefeel like going to the theatre in May. going to the theatre in May.- It’s no useIt’s no use calling her. She never calling her. She never
answers.answers.- He He is/ got used tois/ got used to being a teacher. being a teacher.
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4. As the Direct Object of 4. As the Direct Object of Verbs such as:Verbs such as:
Love, like, hate, prefer, enjoy, dislike,Love, like, hate, prefer, enjoy, dislike,
miss, suggest, continue, finish, miss, suggest, continue, finish, recommend:recommend:
- I I miss lyingmiss lying on the beach. on the beach.- Don’t you Don’t you love travellinglove travelling??- I I suggested gettingsuggested getting her a present. her a present.
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Using the TO InfinitiveUsing the TO Infinitive
1. After some adjectives and adverbs:1. After some adjectives and adverbs:- She was She was sad to leavesad to leave- I’m happy to seeI’m happy to see you. you.
Especially when they take Especially when they take TOOTOO or or ENOUGHENOUGH::
- He’s He’s too shy to speaktoo shy to speak..- You’re not You’re not old enough to driveold enough to drive..
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2. After some verbs such as:2. After some verbs such as:Agree, allow, appear/ seem, choose, Agree, allow, appear/ seem, choose, decide, expect, hope, learn, plan, decide, expect, hope, learn, plan, promise, refuse, want AND would promise, refuse, want AND would like/ love/ hate/ prefer: like/ love/ hate/ prefer:
- I- I’d love to dance’d love to dance right now. right now. - - Would you like to comeWould you like to come to the to the
party?party? - I - I want to gowant to go out this evening. out this evening. - She - She decided to leavedecided to leave..
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3. After the Object of verbs 3. After the Object of verbs such as:such as:
Advise, persuade, invite, teach, warn, Advise, persuade, invite, teach, warn, want:want:
- They They want us to leavewant us to leave..- They They invited me to goinvited me to go..- What did they What did they teach you to doteach you to do there? there?- She She advised him to forgetadvised him to forget about her. about her.
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Using the “Zero” InfinitiveUsing the “Zero” Infinitive
1. After All Modal Verbs 1. After All Modal Verbs (except OUGHT TO):(except OUGHT TO):
- I I can’t meetcan’t meet you later. you later.- May I comeMay I come in? in?- You You shouldn’t beshouldn’t be so critical. so critical.
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2. After verbs of perception 2. After verbs of perception (hear, see, feel, …) , make (hear, see, feel, …) , make and let:and let:
- I I heard you talkheard you talk..- They They saw you crysaw you cry..- His parents His parents made her staymade her stay at home. at home.- They won’t They won’t let me golet me go away. away.
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Verbs followed by ING or To Verbs followed by ING or To InfinitiveInfinitive
1. No change in meaning:1. No change in meaning:Begin, start, forbid, intend, proposeBegin, start, forbid, intend, propose
- She She began to pack/packingbegan to pack/packing..- I I intended to phone/phoningintended to phone/phoning you you- They have They have forbidden to forbidden to
smoke/smokingsmoke/smoking
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2. Changing the meaning:2. Changing the meaning: STOP: STOP: - I I stopped workingstopped working and went home. and went home. (dejar de hacer)(dejar de hacer)- I - I stopped to havestopped to have lunch. (Pararse a) lunch. (Pararse a)
REMEMBER/ FORGET/REGRET:REMEMBER/ FORGET/REGRET: - I - I remember calling youremember calling you yesterday yesterday
(something PREVIOUS)(something PREVIOUS) - Don’t - Don’t forget to callforget to call me later. (something to me later. (something to
do LATER).do LATER).- I - I regret arguingregret arguing with her yesterday. with her yesterday.
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More practice at:More practice at:
http://englishteachermargarita.blogspot.comhttp://englishteachermargarita.blogspot.com//