muysken.- uchumataqu: research in progress on the bolivian altiplano

7/31/2019 Muysken.- Uchumataqu: Research in Progress on the Bolivian Altiplano

1/19

;

Fm~asmk~fjmko @jqsmko jm Lqo~fgqo~qsko Wjgfa~faw/ Rjo- >/ Mj- 3

FWWM ;12>,>68; QMAWGJ/ 3883

Qgeqlk~k{q0 Sawaksge fm Xsjdsaww jm ~ea Cjofrfkm Ko~fxokmj

cvXfa~as Lqvwiam

Ofmdqfw~fgwIk~ejofaia Qmfraswf~af~ Mf`ladam

Xjw~cqw 6;87MO,2188 EN Mf`ladamÊA MAÊASOKMNW

Kcw~skg~

Fm ~efw xkxas ~ea gqssam~ ofmdqfw~fg wf~qk~fjm jb ~ea Qsq/ tej ofra maks Okia ^f~fgkgk %Cjofrfk& fw

nfwgqwwan- Km jrasrfat fw dfram jb aksofas w~qnfaw jb ~ea okmdqkda/ fm ~ea ok~a mfma~aam~e kmn

~tam~fa~e gam~qsfaw- êam F bjgqw jm xjwwfcoa gkqwaw jb ~ea nagofma jb ~ea okmdqkda jb ~ea Qsq/

Qgeqlk~k{q0 xaswfw~am~ nsjqde~w fm ~ea ;678w/ fm~aslkssfkda tf~e ~ea wqssjqmnfmd Kvlksk kmn

a~emfg sajsfam~k~fjm- Fm knnf~fjm ~j ojwfmd dsjqmn ~j Kvlksk kmn Wxkmfwe/ Qgeqlk~k{q ekwqmnasdjma gjmwfnaskcoa Kvlksk w~sqg~qsko fmboqamga- Wqcwa{qam~ov/ F wqllksfwa lv jtm

sawaksge jm ~ea okmdqkda/ kmn ~ea xjwwfcfof~faw jb ofmdqfw~fg w~qnfaw wasrfmd gjllqmf~v djkow-

Bfmkoov/ ~ea gekmgaw bjs wqsrfrko ksa nfwgqwwan/ tefge naxamn fm xks~ jm oksda,wgkoa

naraojxlam~w/ js ~ea kcwamga ~easajb/ fm ~ea Cjofrfkm agjmjlv kmn wjgfa~v-

8- Fm~sjnqg~fjm

8-;- Fm ~efw xkxas F nawgsfca kmn gjllam~ jm ~ea ofmdqfw~fg wf~qk~fjm jb ~ea Qsq jb Fsq,F~q

%efwxkmfgfwan kw Fsjef~j&/ k wlkoo a~emfg dsjqx jm ~ea cjsnasw jb Okia ^f~fgkgk/ fm ~ea efdeokmnw

jb Cjofrfk- êa gjojmfko namjlfmk~fjm bjs ~efw dsjqx fw @qgeqwqlk js Jgejwqlk/ tefge lkv ca

~ea ckwfw bjs Qgeqlk/ ~ea bfsw~ xks~ jb ~ea gjlxjqmn Qgeqlk,~k{q %~k{j js ~k{q lakmw

okmdqkda&/ ~ea mkla jb ~ea dsjqx bjs ~eafs okmdqkda/ jb~am kowj gkooan Qsq- Ojgko wjqsgaw

wqddaw~ ~ek~ @qgeqwqlk fw ~ea ~sknf~fjmko mkla bjs ~ea Sj Nawkdqknasj/ kmn ~eqw Qgeqlk~k{q
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2/19

3

tjqon lakm okmdqkda jb ~ea Nawkdqknasj sfras %xajxoa&-

8-3- F ekra gkssfan jq~ ofmdqfw~fg sawaksge tf~e ~ea Qsq jm ~esaa wqggawwfra rfwf~w fm 388; kmn

3883/ kmn ekra caam auxojsfmd tkvw/ ~jda~eas tf~e ~ea gjllqmf~v oaknasw/ ~j xsawasra ~ea

okmdqkda/ tefge ekw koljw~ caam ojw~- êa efw~jsv kmn xsjwxag~w jb Qgeqlk~k{q gkmmj~ ca waam

waxksk~aov bsjl ~ea naraojxlam~ jb ~ea fmnfdamjqw xajxoaw jb Cjofrfk kmn wqssjqmnfmd gjqm~sfaw-

8-7- F lam~fjman ~ek~ ~ea Qsq ofra jm ~ea cjsnasw jb Okia ^f~fgkgk/ cq~ ~efw fw wofde~ov

fmkggqsk~a- Xsjxasov wxakifmd/ ~eav ofra jm ~ea ckmiw jb ~ea Sj Nawkdqknasj/ ~ea sfras ~esjqde

tefge ~ea augaww tk~as bsjl Okia ^f~fgkgk bojtw ~jtksnw Okia Xjjxj kmn ~eam jmtksnw ~j ~ea

wko~v lksweaw jb ~ea wjq~easm Ko~fxokmj- êa Qsq ksa wqssjqmnan cv Kvlksk,wxakifmd

gklxawfmjw %xakwkm~ bkslasw&- êasa tasa Qsq gjllqmf~faw jm Okia ^f~fgkgk xsjxas kw taoo/ cq~

~eawa gjllqmf~faw ekra mjt cagjla Kvlksk,wxakifmd-;

8->- Jm Okia Xjjxj ~easa ksa warasko Lqsk~j gjllqmf~faw/ a~emfgkoov saok~an ~j ~ea Qsq-

Ejtaras/ ~ea Lqsk~j mj ojmdas wxaki k waxksk~a okmdqkda/ cq~ ekra knjx~an Kvlksk/ xsawasrfmd

k mqlcas jb jsfdfmko tjsnw bsjl km Qsq,ofia okmdqkda- Fm ~ea Lqsk~j jsko ~aw~fljmfaw xqcofwean

fm Lfskmnk Lklkmf a~ ko- %;663& k mqlcas jb ~eawa tjsnw kxxaks-

8-1- Bfmkoov/ wjq~e,taw~ jb Okia Xjjxj jm ~ea wko~v lksweaw maks Okia Gjfxkwk ~easa fw

kmj~eas dsjqx saok~an ~j ~ea Qsq/ ~ea Gefxkvk- êav ofra fm jma gjllqmf~v/ Wkm~k Kmk na

Gefxkvk/ kmn mqlcas kcjq~ ;/188- êafs okmdqkda ekw caam xsawasran- F~ ekw caam njgqlam~an

cv Jowjm %a-d- ;624& kmn Xjs~asfa,Dq~fassap %;668&/ kmn fw gqssam~ov cafmd w~qnfan cv Sjnjobj

Gassm Xkojlfmj %Xjm~bfgk Qmfraswfnkn Gk~ofgk Xasqkmk/ Oflk&- Kxkpk Kxkpk %3888&/ fm kKvlksk nfkoag~ w~qnv jb ~ea sadfjm ca~taam ~ea wkoksaw %wko~ okia ckwfmw&/ jb Qvqmf kmn Gjfxkwk/

wqddaw~w ~ek~ ~easa lkv ca oaufgko ~skgaw jb Qsq ~easa kw taoo/ cq~ ~ea oaufgko arfnamga ea knnqgaw

njaw mj~ va~ lk~ge ~ea Qgeqlk~k{q nk~k F ekra gjooag~an- Ljw~ jb ~ea mjm,Kvlksk tjsnw ea

bjqmn ksa kg~qkoov [qageqk/ sk~eas ~ekm Qsq,ofia-

8-2- êasa ekw caam gjmwfnaskcoa gjmbqwfjm kcjq~ ~ea dama~fg kbbfofk~fjm kmn fnam~f~v jb ~ea


3/19

7

~esaa jsfdfmko Qsq okmdqkdaw0 Qgeqlk,~k{q/ Lqsk~j js Geejoj %Lfskmnk Lklkmf a~ ko- ;663/

;4;&/ kmn Gefxkvk js Gefxk` ~kdj %Xjs~asfa,Dq~fassap ;668/ ;28&- Fm wjla gjojmfko wjqsgawlam~fjm fw lkna jb ~ea Xq{qfmk ofrfmd kojmd ~ea wejsaw jb Okia ^f~fgkgk- êa Xq{qfmk okmdqkda

fw mjt au~fmg~/ cq~ f~ tkw jmga flxjs~km~ amjqde ~j sagafra ~ea w~k~qw jb oamdqk damasko %damasko

okmdqkda&/ kojmd tf~e [qageqk kmn Kvlksk/ fm ~ea aksov vaksw jb ~ea Wxkmfwe jggqxk~fjm-3

Xq{qfmk ekw caam ~am~k~fraov gokwwfbfan kw Ksktkikm- Wfmga ~eav tasa wxjiam fm sjqdeov ~ea

wkla ksak/ Qsq kmn Xq{qfmk ekra caam wqcwa{qam~ov gjmbqwan kw cafmd ~ea wkla okmdqkda- êfw

lfw~kiam kwwqlx~fjm tkw safmbjsgan cv Gs{qf,Ljm~bjsn kmn Sfra~ %;63134&/ kmn wfmga ~eam

lkmv xqcofgk~fjmw kmn lqwaql nfwxokvw ofmi Qsq ~j Xq{qfmk kmn ~ea Ksktkikm okmdqkda bklfov-

Ejtaras/ ofmdqfw~fgkoov/ ~efw ofmi fw qmlj~frk~an- êa dskllks jb ~ea Qsq okmdqkdaw njaw mj~

sawalcoa ~ek~ jb Ksktkikm- êasa fw mj ~skga jb ~efw fm ~ea Qsq okmdqkdaw- Bqs~easljsa/ tek~ ta

imjt jb ~ea Xq{qfmk oaufgjm fw gjlxoa~aov qmofia ~ek~ jb ~ea Qsq okmdqkdaw-7

8-4- Qm~fo ta imjt ljsa jb koo ~ea okmdqkdaw jb Klkpjmfkm mjs~easm Cjofrk/ tf~e tefge

~easa ksa wjla oaufgko sawalcokmgaw %Bkcsa ;661&/ f~ fw caw~ ~j ~sak~ ~ea Qsq okmdqkdaw kw k

waxksk~a dsjqx- Aksofas k~~alx~w cv Jowjm %;62>/ ;621& ~j ofmi ~ea Qsq okmdqkdaw ~j Lkvkm ekra

caam wejtm ~j ca tf~ejq~ bjqmnk~fjm-

8-5- êa taoo,imjtm Bsamge a~emjefw~jsfkm Mk~ekm Tkge~ao ekw tsf~~am k na~kfoan

sadsawwfra efw~jsv %f-a- djfmd ckgi fm ~fla& jb ~ea Qsq xajxoaw %;668&- Ea wejtw ~ek~ k~ ~ea

~fla jb ~ea gjm{qaw~ cv ~ea Wxkmfksnw jb ~ea ksak mjt gkooan Cjofrfk/ ~ea Qsq xajxoaw jggqxfan k

oksda ~assf~jsv bsjl ~ea Xkgfbfg gjkw~ fm Gefoa ~esjqde ~ea Cjofrfkm ko~fxokmj ~j ~ea cjsnasw jb

Okia ^f~fgkgk- Xsjdsawwfraov/ ~eav ojw~ dsjqmn kmn lkmv jb ~eafs gjllqmf~faw qmnastam~ a~emfg

saw~sqg~qsfmd- ^fgjmk kmn Koc %;664& ekra xqcofwean km kcwjscfmd kggjqm~ jb ~ea sagam~ efw~jsvjb ~ea @aww na Lkgek{k sadfjm/ ~ea oksdas ksak ~ek~ ~ea Qsq gjllqmf~v jb Fsjef~j bjslw xks~ jb-

êav njgqlam~ ~ea sawqsdamga jb ~ea Qsq jb Fsjef~j bsjl k lksdfmkofwan kmn nfwxfsf~an wlkoo

ckmn fm ~ea ;6>8w ~j k efdeov waob,gjmbfnam~ kmn xsjdsawwfra dsjqx k~ xsawam~ %waa kowj caojt&-


4/19

>

;- Aksofas Sawaksge

;-;- êasa ksa warasko aksov,~tam~fa~e,gam~qsv wjqsgaw bjs ~ea Qsq okmdqkdaw- êawa fmgoqna

Xjoj %;68;&/ k damasko nawgsfx~fjm jb ~ea Qsq xajxoa tf~e k rjgkcqoksv %bqoo jb fmkggqskgfaw/

qmbjs~qmk~aov&9 Ckgkssapk %;6;8&/ k damasko nawgsfx~fjm jb ~ea Gefxkvk9 Xjwmkmwiv %;6;1&/ k

xsaoflfmksv nawgsfx~fjm jb ~ea okmdqkda jb ~ea Gefxkvk9 Gs{qf,Ljm~bjsn kmn Sfra~ %;63134&/

tej rfwf~an Fsjef~j fm ~ea aksov ;638w9 L~skqu/ tf~e cj~e ofmdqfw~fg kmn a~emjdskxefg

jcwasrk~fjmw %;671&- Ejtaras/ ~ea sfgeaw~ aksov lk~asfko/ oksdaov qmxqcofwean/ fw xsjckcov ~ek~

dk~easan cv ~ea Daslkm a~emjdskxeas kmn ksgekajojdfw~ Lku Qeoa jm ~tj wqggawwfra rfwf~w fm

;56> kmn ;562 %Qeoa ;56>62&- ^jda~eas tf~e ~ea Qgeqlk~k{q lk~asfko dk~easan cv efw w~qnam~

Tko~as Oaelkmm fm ;635/ f~ fw naxjwf~an fm ~ea Fcasj,Klasfgkm Fmw~f~q~a fm Casofm %Oaelkmm

;635&- êa lk~asfko gjm~kfmw tjsn ofw~w/ k wia~ge bjs k dskllks/ gjlxksk~fra w~qnfaw kmn

a~emjdskxefg mj~aw-

;-3- Ejtaras/ xsjckcov ~ea ljw~ flxjs~km~ wjqsga jm Qgeqlk~k{q fw ~ea fm~amwfra kmn

na~kfoan tjsi jb ~ea Bsamge njg~js @aekm Raooksn/ tej rfwf~an ~ea Qsq jm mqlasjqw jggkwfjmw fm

;675/ ~ea ;6>8w kmn aksov ;618w kmn oab~ k rasv sfge wa~ jb wjqsga lk~asfkow/ fmgoqnfmd na~kfoan

rjgkcqoksv ofw~w/ wejs~ xeskwaw/ w~jsfaw %;6>6/ ;618/ ;61;/ ;624&/ kmn k Bsamge ljmjdskxe/

nsklk~fgkoov ~f~oan Djnw kmn Xksfkew jb ~ea Kmnaw- êa Qsq/ ~ejwa tej nj mj~ tkm~ ~j ca lam

%;61>&-

;-7- Efw gam~sko ~eawfw fw ~ek~ k dsak~ nsjqde~ jggqssfmd ca~taam ;676 kmn ;6>5 naw~sjvan ~ea

boqrfko agjwvw~al jm tefge ~ea Qsq naxamnan/ kmn wxao~ ~ea amn jb ~eal- Cq~ ~ea xajxoa jb ~ea

okia ekra caam w~sqgi nakn- êa okw~ dsjqx jb Qsq tfoo mj~ sabjsl f~waob %;61>/ ;3&- > êa ojww jb~ea okmdqkda ekw caam fm~asxsa~an fm lkdfgko ~aslw/ kggjsnfmd ~j Raooksn %;61>/ ;87&0 êav

kotkvw gjmwfnas ~eafs bjsda~~fmd ~ea lj~eas ~jmdqa kw k xqmfwelam~ kggjlxkmfan cv ~ea ojww jb

~ea dfb~w jb lkdfg kmn jb xsjxeawv- Cv ekrfmd koofan ~ealwaoraw tf~e lam/ ~ea okw~ Qsq ekra ojw~

~eafs okmdqkda kmn ksa mj ojmdas sawxag~an-1

;->- Fm ljsa sagam~ ~flaw/ k ~akl jsdkmfwan kmn bfmkmgan cv QMFGAB rfwf~an ~ea gjllqmf~v


5/19

1

fm ;661/ fmrjorfmd ~ea Bsamge ofmdqfw~ Gjoa~~a Dsfmarkon %Dsfmarkon a~ ko- ;661&- êfw ~akl

gjooag~an rjgkcqoksv/ tjsian tf~e ~ea gjllqmf~v jm km js~ejdskxev/ kmn damaskoov saifmnoanam~eqwfkwl bjs sarfrfmd ~ea okmdqkda kljmd ~ea Qsqw-

;-1- Fm ;651 Ojsampj Fmnk/ ~ea ljw~ fm~asaw~an gjllqmf~v oaknas/ xqcofwean k efw~jsv jb ~ea

Qsqw/ fmgoqnfmd lqge na~kfo kcjq~ gqo~qsko xskg~fgaw kmn Qgeqlk~k{q rjgkcqoksv-

;-2- Gsqgfkoov/ jmov k wlkoo bskg~fjm jb ~ea sawaksge jm Qgeqlk~k{q fw krkfokcoa ~j ~ea

Cjofrfkm xajxoa/ oa~ kojma ~j ~ea wxakiasw ~ealwaoraw- F~ fw af~eas qmxqcofwean/ xqcofwean fm

jcwgqsa wjqsgaw/ js ~skmwgsfcan fm mj~k~fjmw ckwan jm Daslkm kmn Bsamge xsjmqmgfk~fjmw/ kmn ~ea

~skmwok~fjmw dfram ksa jb~am fm Daslkm js Bsamge-

3- Gkqwaw jb ~ea Nagkv jb ~ea Okmdqkda

3-;- êa nsklk~fg kmn dojjlv xsanfg~fjmw jb Raooksn nfn mj~ gjla ~sqa- êa Qsq ksa ~easa kmn

gjm~fmqa ~j bjsl k nfw~fmg~ dsjqx/ kw mj~an fm ~ea xsarfjqw wag~fjm/ cq~ ~eav gas~kfmov nj mj~

nfbbasam~fk~a ~ealwaoraw kw lqge kw ~eav jmga nfn bsjl ~ea wqssjqmnfmd Kvlksk- Jma jb ~ea

lkmfbaw~k~fjmw jb ~efw fw ~ek~ ~ea Qsq mj ojmdas wxaki ~eafs jtm okmdqkda/ cq~ ljw~ jb ~ea ~fla

Kvlksk/ fm knnf~fjm ~j wjla Wxkmfwe-

3-3- Raooksn tkw sfde~ fm ~ek~ ~ea wefb~ bsjl Qgeqlk~k{q ~j Kvlksk kw ~ea nkfov okmdqkda jb

~ea xajxoa ~jji xokga cabjsa ;618/ cq~ ~ea okmdqkda nfn mj~ nfwkxxaks ko~jda~eas- Jma goaks gkqwa

jb okmdqkda ojww fw ~ek~ kb~as ~ea nsjqde~ ~ea sanqgan wfpa jb ~ea dsjqx salkfmfmd fm ~eagjllqmf~v bjsgan lkssfkdaw tf~e Kvlksk bsjl mafdecjqsfmd rfookdaw- Fm ;6>3 jmov wfu lam kmn

k bat tjlam/ koo aonasov/ tasa oab~ fm ~ea gjllqmf~v- Kw Raooksn xq~w f~ %;61>/ 67&0 Bfb~aam

vaksw kdj/ ljsa ~ekm bfb~v xaswjmw wxjia Qsq boqam~ov- Tf~e ~ea nfwxaswfjm/ lfuan lkssfkdaw

ekra kggaoask~an ~ea nagkv jb ~ea okmdqkda- êa Kvlksk tjlam lkssfan ~j Qsq sabqwa ~j wxaki

~ea okmdqkda jb ~eafs eqwckmnw0 ~ea gefonsam/ Kvlkskw ~esjqde ~eafs lj~easw/ nj mj~ tkm~ ~j ca

~kiam bjs Qsq cv wxakifmd k nawxfwan okmdqkda-2


6/19

2

3-7- Fm knnf~fjm/ kw xjxqok~fjm wfpa fmgsakwan kdkfm kb~as ~ea ;618w/ lkmv Qsq tasa bjsgan ~jwaai tjsi jq~wfna ~ea gjllqmf~v/ kmn ojw~ gjm~kg~ tf~e xj~am~fko wxakiasw jb Qgeqlk~k{q- êav

bqmg~fjman fm Wxkmfwe/ Kvlksk/ kmn bjs ~ejwa tej lfdsk~an ~j ~ea Gjgekcklck ksak/ [qageqk-

7- Xsawam~ Xsjàg~

7-;- êa xsflksv kfl jb lv jtm xsjàg~ fw ~j njgqlam~ ~ea okmdqkda kw taoo kw xjwwfcoa/ tf~e

~ea gjllqmf~v f~waob kw ~ea xsflksv camabfgfksv fm lfmn/ kmn ~ea tfnas xqcofg/ fmgoqnfmd ~ea

ofmdqfw~fg sawaksge gjllqmf~v/ kw ~ea wagjmnksv camabfgfksv- Ejtaras/ aram ~efw ljnaw~ fmf~fko

kfl ~qsman jq~ ~j flxov lqge ljsa/ cagkqwa njgqlam~fmd k okmdqkda fm ~efw w~kda jb nagkv

sa{qfsaw tfna gjllqmf~v wqxxjs~ kmn fm~asaw~ fm ~ea okmdqkda-

7-3- êa ;663 gamwqw/ kmkovwan cv Koc %;661&/ sarakoan ~ek~ jras ekob jb ~ea gjllqmf~v fm

sawfnamga fm Fsjef~j/ afde~v,waram xaswjmw/ gokflan ~j wxaki Qgeqlk~k{q- êfw bfmnfmd gjm~skw~w

weksxov tf~e tek~ F bjqmn fm Kxsfo 388;/ team fm bkg~ mj wfmdoa xaswjm wxjia ~ea okmdqkda taoo

amjqde ~j nj bkfsov wflxoa rjgkcqoksv tjsi tf~e la-4

7-7- Ejtaras/ f~ njaw xjfm~ ~j k waob,xasgax~fjm jm ~ea xks~ jb ~ea gjllqmf~v kw ofmian ~j

Qgeqlk~k{q- Team F gjm~kg~an ~ea gjllqmf~v ~j nj bfaontjsi/ ~eafs am~eqwfkwl bjs ~ea

okmdqkda kmn f~w xsawasrk~fjm dkfman ~ea qxxas ekmn jras ~eafs nfw~sqw~ jb bjsafdmasw/ xks~fgqoksov

bjsafdmasw tf~ejq~ oj~w jb kfn bqmnw kmn gjmmag~fjmw tf~e kfn kdamgfaw- Kb~as oamd~ev laa~fmdw k

gjm~skg~ tkw nsktm qx tf~e ~ea bjoojtfmd lkfm gokqwaw0

%k& F kl mj~ ~j da~ fmrjoran tf~e Qsq tjlam-5

%c& êa kq~ejswefx jb ~ea sawqo~fmd xqcofgk~fjm ofaw tf~e ~ea gjllqmf~v9 lv mkla kxxaksw kw

kwawjs ofmdfw~k %ofmdqfw~ knrfwjs&-

%g& F kl ~j oakra QW.188 kw k dqkskm~aa ~ek~ F tfoo sa~qsm tf~e k nskb~ rjgkcqoksv jm ; Kqdqw~

388;-


7/19

4

%n& êa gjllqmf~v xsjrfnaw k ~akl jb gjmwqo~km~w arasv mfde~ k~ waram ~j tjsi jm ~ea

okmdqkda tf~e la- êav ksa gjlxamwk~an bjs ~eafs ~fla tf~e QW.; xas xaswjm xas ejqs-

7->- Jm ~ea ckwfw jb ~efw gjm~skg~ ta tjsian bjs k bat taaiw/ qwfmd koo ~ea tjsnw fm ~ea

Raooksn lk~asfko kw km fmf~fko w~flqoqw- F oab~ tf~e kcjq~ 588 sagjdmfwan tjsnw/ jsdkmfwan fm

~tam~v,bfra ~ealaw %walkm~fg bfaonw&/ skmdfmd bsjl ~ea bklfov ~j aufw~amga kmn xjwwawwfjm- F

kowj kwian gefonsam fm ~ea ojgko wgejjo %~tam~v,waram xqxfow& ~j lkia nsktfmdw tf~e cokgi bao~,

~fxxan xamw-

7-1- Jm ; Kqdqw~ F sa~qsman tf~e warasko gjxfaw jb ~ea nskb~ raswfjm jb ~ea rjgkcqoksv/ tefge

kowj fmgoqnaw ~ea xeskwaw kmn auxsawwfjmw F ekn dk~easan/ fooqw~sk~an tf~e ~ea gefonsamw nsktfmdw-

Sagax~fjm tkw djjn/ ko~ejqde ~ea gjllqmf~v oaknasw xsjckcov ~ejqde~ ~ea nsktfmdw ktitksn

kmn gefonfwe- K mat wasfaw jb aramfmd wawwfjmw w~ks~an/ ~efw ~fla tf~e ~ea jonaw~ kmn ljw~

imjtoandakcoa jb ~ea Kxsfo gjmwqo~km~w/ âjnjsk Rfok/ kmn efw aonas wfw~as tej ekn `qw~ kssfran

bsjl Ok Xkp/ @qofk Rfok- Fmnaan/ wea lkv ca nawgsfcan kw ~ea jmov sakwjmkcov boqam~ wxakias jb

~ea okmdqkda/ ekrfmd caam csjqde~ qx fm f~ cv eas dskmnlj~eas- êa dsjqx jb wxakiasw ~ek~

Gjoa~~a Dsfmarkon ekn tjsian tf~e ekn koo nfan- @qofk Rfok tkw kcoa ~j gjssag~ ~ea xsjmqmgfk~fjm

jb lkmv tjsnw F ekn aofgf~an aksofas/ xsjrfna ~ea Qgeqlk~kq tjsn bjs lkmv f~alw bjs tefge ta

ekn jmov ~ea Kvlksk a{qfrkoam~ wj bks/ kmn dfra bqoo gokqwaw-

7-2- Gqssam~ov/ F kl satjsifmd koo ~efw lk~asfko kmn k~~alx~fmd ~j tsf~a km kggawwfcoa

fm~sjnqg~fjm ~j ~ea okmdqkda tefge ~kiaw ~ea gjmgsa~a ~ealaw kw f~w xjfm~ jb naxks~qsa %Lqvwiam

3888/ 388;9 Nfw~sf~j Mkgfjmkofnkn Fmndamk Qsqw na Fsjef~j 3883&- F sa~qsman ~j Fsjef~j fm aksov

3883 ~j xsawam~ ~ea mat raswfjm ~j ~ea gjllqmf~v- êfw raswfjm kowj fmgoqnaw wjmdw tsf~~am fmQgeqlk~k{q cv Ojsampj Fmnk/ kmn k ~skmwgsfcan w~jsv ~jon cv @qofk Rfok-

7-4- êa {qaw~fjm salkfmw/ ejtaras/ tea~eas ~efw abbjs~ tfoo gjm~sfcq~a ~j ~ea sarf~kofwk~fjm jb

~ea okmdqkda/ kmn ejt ~efw lkv ca kgefaran- Jm ~ea madk~fra wfna/ F lqw~ lam~fjm ~ea bkg~ ~ek~ f~

fw au~salaov eksn bjs ~ea Cjofrfkm efdeokmn gjllqmf~faw ~j wqsrfra k~ koo/ oa~ kojma xsawasra ~eafs

okmdqkda- Cjofrfk kw k tejoa salkfmw km agjmjlfg cokgi ejoa/ bks ktkv bsjl kmv dsjt~e xjoaw-


8/19

5

F~ cjsnasw jm ~tj xjjs gjqm~sfaw/ Xkskdqkv kmn Xasq/ kmn jm ~esaa oaww xjjs gjqm~sfaw/

Ksdam~fmk/ Cskpfo kmn Gefoa- Ejtaras/ ~ea sadfjmw jb ~eawa gjqm~sfaw cjsnasfmd jm Cjofrfk ksa kooqmnasnaraojxan- Tefoa Cjofrfk kw k tejoa ekw pasj js madk~fra agjmjlfg dsjt~e k~ xsawam~/ fm

bkg~ koo mat agjmjlfg kg~frf~v %gk~~oa/ jfo/ dkw/ ~sjxfgko kdsfgqo~qsa& fw gjmgam~sk~an fm ~ea

ojtokmnw/ kmn ~ea efdeokmnw agjmjlfgkoov wojtov w~ksra ~j nak~e- êfw oaknw ~j ~salamnjqw

okcjqs lfdsk~fjm/ kmn lqge xjof~fgko qmsaw~- êasa fw k gjlxoau wvw~al jb gksdjw %kmmqkoov

sj~k~fmd sf~qko jcofdk~fjmw& jxask~fmd fm ~ea efdeokmn gjllqmf~faw/ bjsgfmd k mqlcas jb knqo~

lkoaw ~j w~kv fm ~ea gjllqmf~v kmn jggqxv k xjof~fgko bqmg~fjm %xsawfnam~/ rfga,xsawfnam~/

wagsa~ksv/ eakn jb wgejjo gjllf~~aa& cv sj~k~fjm bjs jma gkoamnks vaks-6 Kxks~ bsjl k wlkoo

dsjqx jb gjllf~~an knqo~ lkoaw/ ~ea jmov xajxoa xaslkmam~ov xsawam~ ksa tjlam/ gefonsam kmn

jonas xajxoa- Ejtaras/ lkmv tjlam/ ofia @qofk Rfok/ ekra kowj lfdsk~an kmn jmov gjla ckgi

jggkwfjmkoov- Koo knjoawgam~w ksa aowateasa kw taoo/ fm wgejjo js tjsifmd-

7-5- Jm ~ea xjwf~fra wfna/ k mqlcas jb bkg~jsw lkv ca lam~fjman- Bfsw~/ aram kb~as bfb~v vaksw

jb nfwqwa ~ea okmdqkda ekw mj~ va~ nfwkxxaksan- êa afde~v,waram lalcasw jb ~ea gjllqmf~v

tej gokfl ~j wxaki Qgeqlk~k{q koo imjt k mqlcas jb wa~ xeskwaw kmn ljw~ jb ~ea rjgkcqoksv

saok~an ~j cjk~fmd/ bfwefmd kmn eqm~fmd jb tk~asbjto- Fm bkg~/ ~ea Qsq %fm Qgeqlk~k{q {j~ wqf

xajxoa jb ~ea okia& qwa ~eafs jsfdfmko okmdqkda ljw~ team ~eav ksa jm ~ea tk~as-

7-6- Wagjmn/ ~easa fw k goaks fm~asaw~ fm ~ea okmdqkda- Wjla vaksw kdj/ ~ea gjllqmf~v tam~ ~j

~ea auxamwa jb xkvfmd bjs ~ea ~fla kmn ~skrao gjw~w jb k Gefxkvk ~j gjla kmn ~akge ~eal efw

okmdqkda- êa ~skrao ~fla fw kcjq~ k nkv kmn k ekob- F~ nfn mj~ tjsi jq~ taoo/ cagkqwa ~easa ksa k

mqlcas jb nfbbasamgaw ca~taam Gefxkvk kmn Qgeqlk~k{q %sjqdeov kw ca~taam F~kofkm kmn

Bsamge&/ kmn xasekxw kowj cagkqwa ~ea Gefxkvk fmrjoran ekn mj auxasfamga fm okmdqkda ~akgefmd-êa axfwjna njaw fooqw~sk~a ~ea wasfjqwmaww jb ~ea nawfsa ~j sagqxask~a ~ea jsfdfmko okmdqkda-

7-;8- êfsn/ f~ wejqon ca lam~fjman ~ek~ Fsjef~j fw augax~fjmko tf~efm f~w sadfjm- Bks bsjl cafmd

~ea naw~f~q~a kmn njtm,~sjnnam dsjqx arjian cv Raooksn %;61>&/ ~eav ksa mjt ~ea ljw~ knrkmgan

gjllqmf~v fm ~ea sadfjm/ ojjian qxjm tf~e wjla àkojqwv kmn sawxag~ cv ~eafs Kvlksk

mafdecjqsw/ kmn mj~ tf~ejq~ xjof~fgko fmboqamga- êfw tkw ~ea bfsw~ gjllqmf~v fm ~ea sadfjm %kmn


9/19

6

~ea jmov jma wj bks& ~j ejfw~ ~ea tef~a bokd jb ;88 xas gam~ of~askgv %fm Kvlksk/ fsjmfgkoov&/ nqa

~j ~ea am~eqwfkwl jb vjqmd gjllqmf~v lalcasw tej k~~amnan k wagjmnksv wgejjo makscv kmnsa~qsman ejla ~j gkssv jq~ km koxekca~fwk~fjm gklxkfdm- Kowj/ f~ fw ~ea jmov gjllqmf~v tf~e k

mqlcas jb wjoks xkmaow- êav kxxofan bjs/ kmn sagafran/ k gjlxq~as kmn xsfm~as/ kmn sagam~ov k

damask~js tkw fmw~kooan- K bat vjqmdas lalcasw jb ~ea gjllqmf~v ekra naraojxan ckwfg

gjlxq~as wifoow-

7-;;- K bjqs~e bkg~js fw ~ea xjof~fgko gjmw~aook~fjm jb ~ea fmnfdamjqw dsjqxw fm Cjofrfk/ tefge

f~waob fw k saboag~fjm jb gjm~fmam~,tfna/ js aram dojcko/ naraojxlam~w- Tefoa ~ea ;613 sarjoq~fjm

ekn alxekwfwan gokww w~k~qw %lfmas/ xakwkm~/ a~g-&/ fm ~ea lfn,;668w k w~sjmd xjof~fgko ljralam~

w~sawwfmd a~emfg xoqskofwl gkla ~j ~ea bjsa/ tefge fm ~ea ksak jb anqgk~fjm tkw k geklxfjm jb

cfofmdqko wgejjow- K mqlcas jb wxagfko xsjdskllaw tasa lkna krkfokcoa xks~fgqoksov akslksian

bjs wlkoo dsjqxw tf~e k waxksk~a w~k~qw- êfw lkiaw f~ knrkm~kdajqw bjs a~emfg dsjqxw ~j

w~samd~eam ~eafs nfw~fmg~ gekskg~as- êa Ckmpas,[qfsjdk djrasmlam~ %;6653883& jmov xkfn ofx,

wasrfga ~j ~efw xjofgv/ tf~ejq~ kg~qkoov nfwgjm~fmqfmd f~- Bsjl 3888 jmtksnw/ ejtaras/ ~ea

mk~fjmkofw~ ljcfofwk~fjm jb xks~fgqoksov ~ea Kvlksk oaknfmd ~j lqge xjof~fgko qmsaw~ fw

efdeofde~fmd a~emfgf~v fm xjof~fgw kdkfm/ kmn f~ fw rasv xjwwfcoa ~ek~ ~ea jq~gjla jb ~ea 3883

aoag~fjmw tfoo ca ~ek~ xoqskofwl fw jmga kdkfm efde jm ~ea xjof~fgko kdamnk- F sa~qsm ~j ~efw caojt-

7-;3- K bfb~e bkg~js fw ~ea dsjt~e jb wlkoo,wgkoa a~emj~jqsfwl fm Cjofrfk- Warasko a~emfg dsjqxw

ksa auxasflam~fmd tf~e ~jqsw rfwf~fmd ~eafs gjllqmf~faw kw k tkv jb damask~fmd au~sk fmgjla-

êa Qsq ksa gqssam~ov nack~fmd ~efw kw km jx~fjm/ kmn kosaknv ekra k wlkoo lqwaql tf~e k saan

cjk~/ bfwefmd ma~w/ a~g-;8 Aram ~ejqde ljw~ ~jqsfw~w tjqon eksnov eaks ~ea nfbbasamga ca~taam

sqsko Wxkmfwe kmn Kvlksk/ oa~ kojma ca~taam Kvlksk kmn Qgeqlk~k{q/ f~ fw goaks ~ek~ ~eaQgeqlk~k{q easf~kda tfoo ca jma jb ~ea kwwa~w jb Fsjef~j- êfw ejonw k bjs~fjsf fb ~ea a~emj~jqsfwl

kowj fmrjoraw wagjmnksv wgejjo kmn fmw~f~q~fjmko jq~fmdw bsjl makscv Ok Xkp/ wfmga ljw~ Xkgajw

nj imjt wjla Kvlksk kmn tjqon ca gqsfjqw ~j oaksm kcjq~ Qgeqlk~k{q- Mj~a ~ek~ F kl mj~

gokflfmd ~ek~ ~ea xsawamga jb jggkwfjmko ~jqsfw~w/ a~emj js j~eastfwa/ tjqon f~waob fmnqga ~ea

Qsq ~j wxaki Qgeqklk~k{q fm ~eafs nkfov ofraw/ cq~ sk~eas ~ek~ ~jqsfwl tjqon ~qsm ~ea okmdqkda

fm~j km kwwa~ kmn gjqon gjmw~f~q~a k ckwa/ kowj bfmkmgfko/ bjs ~akgefmd bkgfof~faw kmn lk~asfkow fm


10/19

;8

~ea okmdqkda-

7-;7- êawa bfra bkg~jsw gjm`jfm~ov gjqon xokv k sjoa fm ~ea sarfrko jb Qgeqlk~k{q- F~ tjqon mj~

ca k xqsaov kq~jlk~fg kmn qmgjmwgfjqw saraswko jb k xsjgaww jb okmdqkda wefb~/ jb gjqswa- êk~

wefb~ ~jji xokga lqge ~jj ojmd kdj bjs ~ek~/ kmn ~ea okmdqkda fw ~jj bks djma- F~ tjqon ca k

gjmwgfjqw abbjs~ ~j dfra ~ea okmdqkda f~w xokga kojmdwfna/ mj~ fm xokga jb/ Kvlksk kmn Wxkmfwe- F~

tjqon fmrjora ~ea kg~frf~faw jb k wlkoo dsjqx jb gqo~qsko csjiasw/ gjllqmf~v oaknasw/ kmn ca

ofmian ~j xsjgawwaw wqge kw bjoiojsfwk~fjm kmn lqwakofwk~fjm jb Qsq gqo~qsa- F~ tjqon kowj maan ~j

ca k ljnasm naraojxlam~/ saovfmd jm of~askgv kmn xjwwfcov aram jm ljnasm lanfk-

7-;>- Bjs wjla/ ~efw lkiaw ~ea xjwwfcoa sarf~kofwk~fjm jb Qsq qmsako/ ks~fbfgfko js wqwxag~-

Ejtaras/ f~ lkv ca ~ea tkv fm tefge lkmv wqge sarf~kofwk~fjm xsjgawwaw ~kia xokga fm nfbbasam~

xks~w jb ~ea tjson- Wf~qk~fjmw wqge kw ~ek~ jb ~ea Qsq kmn ~ea Qgeqlk~k{q okmdqkda gkw~ njqc~ jm

~sknf~fjmko mj~fjmw jb kq~eam~fgf~v kmn wxjm~kmaf~v/ kmn wejt ~ek~ aram sqsko gjllqmf~faw ksa

gkxkcoa jb okmdqkda xokmmfmd-

>- Gekmdaw fm ~ea Okmdqkda0 Kvlksfwk~fjm kmn Wflxofbfgk~fjm

>-;- Jma kwxag~ mj~ nfwgqwwan wj bks gjmgasmw ~ea ofmdqfw~fg bak~qsaw jb ~ea Qgeqlk~k{q ~ek~

ekra wqsrfran- F~ fw bkfsov goaks/ team gjlxksfmd ~ea xsjmqmgfk~fjm sagjsnan fm Raooksnw

lk~asfkow tf~e ~ek~ jb vjqmdas wxakiasw/ ~ek~ Qgeqlk~k{q ekw qmnasdjma {qf~a k bat gekmdaw fm

~ea gjqswa jb ~fla/ fm xks~ xasekxw qmnas ~ea fmboqamga jb Kvlksk- Wqge gekmdaw gjla kw mj

wqsxsfwa/ dfram ~ea sagam~ efw~jsv jb ~ea okmdqkda kmn ~ea au~amwfra cfofmdqkofwl tf~e Kvlksk%kmn/ bjs lkmv/ Wxkmfwe&-

>-3- êa gekmdaw ksa goaksaw~ fm ~ea xsjmqmgfk~fjm jb ~ea okmdqkda- Ljnasm wxakiasw ekra k

~amnamgv ~j sanqga ~ea bfra,rjtao wvw~al jb ~ea okmdqkda ~j k ~esaa,rjtao wvw~al- Qgeqlk~k{q

a lasdaw tf~e f/ kmn j lasdaw tf~e q- Ejtaras/ ~ea aukg~ xejmjojdfgko amrfsjmlam~w bkrjqsfmd

~efw lasdas ekra mj~ va~ caam na~aslfman- Dfram ~ek~ bfra,rjtao wvw~alw jb ~ea Qgeqlk~k{q


11/19

;;

~vxa k/ a/ f/ j/ q ksa mj~ lksian kmn ~ea xsawamga jb ~ea Kvlksk ~esaa,rjtao wvw~al k/ f/ q/ f~

fw ofiaov ~ek~ ~ea lasdasw ksa ~sfddasan cv Kvlksk- Mj~fga ~ek~ Wxkmfwe kowj ekw k bfra,rjtaowvw~al jb ~ea jsfdfmko Qgeqlk~k{q ~vxa9 f~ gjqon mj~ ekra ~sfddasan ~ea lasdas-

>-7- Kmj~eas gekmda fmrjoraw ~ea mk~qsa jb ~ea gjmwjmkm~w cq~ fw eksnas ~j nabfma aukg~ov-

Raooksn %;66>/ ;88;& tsf~aw0 êa okmdqkda w~sfiaw jma k~ bfsw~ wfde~ cv f~w wtaa~maww/ fm

gjm~skw~ tf~e ~ea eksnas [qageqk/ sfgeas fm dq~~qskow %~easa ksa bjqs nfbbasam~ bjslw jb i fm

[qageqk& kmn aram ljsa tf~e Kvlksk- F~ fw k tefwxasfmd okmdqkda/ tf~e gjqm~oaww wfcfokm~w kmn

efwwfmd wjqmnw/ ~ge/ ge/ we/ ~w/ a~g-;; êa oaufgko nk~k F dk~easan fm Kxsfo 388;/ ejtaras/ nfn mj~

gjm~skw~ wfdmfbfgkm~ov tf~e Kvlksk tjsnw fm ~eafs xsjmqmgfk~fjm- êa bqoo skmda jb dq~~qskow

%xsawqlkcov raoksw kmn qrqoksw& tkw xsawam~/ kmn ~ea mqlcas jb wfcfokm~w fw jmov wofde~ov oksdas

~ekm fm Kvlksk- K ljsa na~kfoan kmkovwfw jb ~ea xsagfwa xejma~fg bjsl jb ~ea tjsnw fm Raooksnw

~skmwgsfx~fjm fm gjm~skw~ tf~e ~ea xsawam~ bjsl jb ~eawa tjsnw gkm sawjora ~efw fwwqa-

>->- Kmj~eas gjlxofgk~an xejmjojdfgko xsjcoal gjmgasmw doj~~kofwk~fjm- Qgeqlk~k{q weksaw

tf~e Kvlksk ~ea wasfaw jb wflxoa kmn kwxfsk~an w~jxw0

x ~ ge i {

xe ~e gee ie {e

Ejtaras/ ~ea doj~~kofwan a{qfrkoam~w nj mj~ lk~ge am~fsaov0

Kvlksk0 x$ ~$ ge$ i$ {$

Qgeqlk~k{q0 : : ge$ i$ {$

>-1- êa {qaw~fjm lksi fmnfgk~aw ~ea jma js ~tj tjsnw tf~e ~efw xsjmqmgfk~fjm fm Qgeqlk~k{q~ek~ ekra k lksdfmko w~k~qw- êfw dfraw sfwa ~j ~ea evxj~eawfw/ mj ljsa ~ekm ~ek~ k~ xsawam~/ ~ek~

doj~~kofwk~fjm fm Qgeqlk~k{q tkw cjssjtan bsjl Kvlksk- Bqs~eas sawaksge/ fmrjorfmd k na~kfoan

gjlxksfwjm tf~e Gefxkvk %tefge fw kowj fm gojwa gjm~kg~ tf~e Kvlksk/ ejtaras&/ kmkovwfw jb ~ea

aksofas wjqsgaw bjs Qsq/ kmn k sagjmw~sqg~fjm jb ~ea xsj~j,xejmjojdv jb ~ea Qsq okmdqkda bklfov/

tfoo maan ~j goksfbv ~efw fwwqa-


12/19

;3

>-2- K bjqs~e gekmda fm ~ea xsjmqmgfk~fjm jb Qgeqlk~k{q gjmgasmw ~ea w~sqg~qsa jb ~ea

wvookcoa- K bat auklxoaw jb ~ea gjm~skw~ ca~taam ~ea tjsnw dk~easan fm Kxsfo 388; kmn ~eaxsjmqmgfk~fjm jb ~eawa wkla tjsnw cv @qofk Rfok fm Kqdqw~ 388; tfoo wqbbfga0

Kxsfo Kqdqw~ dojww

wfiqsq,

gekv

w{imq,gekv ~fa qx

~ksw,gekv gek~wmk,

gekv

wekia

~fi,gekv ~juwmk,gekv gjras

F~ fw mj~ wj lqge ~ek~ ~ea wjqmn fmram~jsv ekw caam sanqgan kw ~ek~ gjlxoau wvookcoa goqw~asw kmn

tjsn bjslw ekra caam wflxofbfan/ kmn wjla wqcw~f~q~fjmw lkna-;3

>-4- Bjs ljsxejojdv kmn wvm~ku/ ~efmdw ksa oaww goaks- Fm ~ea sakol jb ljsxejojdv/ f~ fw

nfbbfgqo~/ aram fm ~ea sagjsnan wxaage jb @qofk Rfok/ ~j nfwgjras koo ~ea wqbbfuaw lam~fjman fm

Raooksnw tjsi- Kw bjs tjsn jsnas/ Raooksn tsf~aw %;61>/ ;83&0 Fm ~ea gjmw~sqg~fjm jb xeskwaw/

~ea na~aslfmfmd gjlxoalam~ fw xokgan cabjsa ~ea mjqm- Tf~ejq~ ~efw cafmd km kcwjoq~a sqoa/ ~ea

rasc fw jsnfmksfov saoadk~an ~j ~ea amn jb ~ea gokqwaw- ^eawa ksa rasv wejs~ kmn koo nfwgjqswaw ksa

gjlxjwan jb of~~oa/ rasv wflxoa gokqwaw-;7 ^ea xk~~asm nawgsfcan cv Raooksn gjfmgfnaw

~vxjojdfgkoov tf~e ~ek~ jb Kvlksk/ f-a- eakn bfmko- Gjmwfw~am~ tf~e ~efw fw ~ea xsawamga jb

xjw~xjwf~fjmw kmn xjwwawwjs,xjwwawwan gjmw~sqg~fjmw- Fb ~easa ekw caam Kvlksk fmboqamga fm ~ea

sakol jb tjsn jsnas/ f~ lqw~ wqsaov xsank~a ~ea ;618w- J~eas kwxag~w jb Qgeqlk~k{q wvm~ku ekra

mj~ va~ caam wqbbfgfam~ov w~qnfan -

>-5- Fm kmv gkwa/ f~ lkv taoo ca ~ek~ fb Qsq fw sarf~kofwan/ f~ tfoo ca k wflxofbfan bjsl jb ~ea

okmdqkda ~ek~ wqsrfraw kw k wagjmn okmdqkda/ kw f~ ekw wqsrfran ~eawa okw~ bfb~v vaksw-


13/19

;7

1- Gkm ta Ojji Keakn:0 Dskww,Sjj~w kmn Djrasmlam~ Wqxxjs~

1-;- Mjt ~ek~ ~ea bfsw~ w~axw ~jtksnw njgqlam~fmd tek~ wqsrfraw jb Qgeqlk~k{q ekra caam

~kiam/ f~ fw ~fla ~j xokm keakn- Fm knnf~fjm ~j ~ea ~ealk~fgkoov jsdkmfwan tjsn ofw~ lam~fjman

kcjra/ f~ tfoo ca tjs~etefoa xqcofwefmd tek~aras ~sknf~fjmko ~au~w ekra wqsrfran fm km kggawwfcoa

js~ejdskxev/ wj ~ek~ saknfmd lk~asfko cagjlaw krkfokcoa- Raooksn %;6>6& gjm~kfmw ekob k njpam

sagjsnan ~au~w/ ljw~ov nawgsfx~fjmw jb bfwefmd kmn eqm~fmd xskg~fgaw/ kmn k bat kggjqm~w jb

sagjsnan sagam~ efw~jsv- K ~efsn w~ax tjqon ca ~ea aw~kcofwelam~ jb k xsjdsklla jb sadqoks

laa~fmdw kcjq~ ~ea okmdqkda kmn gjqswaw bjs vjqmdas xajxoa-

1-3- Tea~eas ~eawa abbjs~w tfoo aram~qkoov oakn ~j ~ea sarfrko jb ~ea okmdqkda naxamnw jm ~ea

agjmjlfg wqsrfrko jb Fsjef~j kw k rfkcoa gjllqmf~v kmn jm ~ea xjof~fgw jb a~emfgf~v fm ~ea sadfjm

kmn fm Cjofrfk kw k tejoa- ^eawa {qaw~fjmw ksa wesjqnan fm qmgas~kfm~v-

1-7- Fm 388; ~ea Mkgfm Jsfdfmksfk Qsq %MJQ& tkw bjslan fm Jsqsj/ k gf~v fm ~ea gam~sa jb

~ea Ko~fxokmj wjq~e jb Fsjef~j/ saxsawam~fmd wfu dsjqxw- Fm ~ea wxaoofmd jb ~ea bjqmnk~fjm

njgqlam~ ~eawa ksa0

Gefxkvk

Lqsk~j

Fsqef~q

Ijsj %< Wkm @qkm na Gjsfxk~k/ Gkskmdkw Xsjr-/ Cjofrfk&

Fwoqik %< Fwoqdk/ maks Gefxkvk/ cq~ fm mjs~easm Gefoa&

Qsjp %< Qsqw jb ~ea bojk~fmd fwokmnw jm Okia ^f~fgkgk maks Xqmj/ Xasq&-

1->- Mj~ lqge fw imjtm kcjq~ ~ea xjwwfcoa wqsrfrko jb Qsq okmdqkdaw tf~e ~ea okw~ ~esaa jb

~eawa dsjqxw- Ljw~ xsjckcov ~ea wf~qk~fjm fw kw tf~e ~ea Lqsk~j0 damasko qwa jb Kvlksk/ [qageqk

js Wxkmfwe/ kmn imjtoanda jb fmnfrfnqko tjsnw tf~e Qsq a~vljojdfaw- Mjma ~ea oaww/ xjof~fgkoov

~ea bjslk~fjm jb k oksdas a~emfg qmf~ fm ~ea bjsl jb MJQ fw flxjs~km~/ bjs ~tj sakwjmw- Bfsw~ jb

koo/ f~ gkm dfra wlkoo dsjqxw ljsa waob,gjmbfnamga kmn gekmmao ~ea augekmda jb auxas~fwa fm

sarf~kofwk~fjm abbjs~w %efde jm ~ea MJQ kdamnk&-


14/19

;>

1-1- Wagjmn/ f~ lkv w~flqok~a ~ea Cjofrfkm Djrasmlam~ ~j w~ks~ anqgk~fjmko xsjdskllawwxagfbfgkoov kflan k~ ~ea Qsq gqo~qsaw kmn okmdqkdaw- Fm ~ea lfn,;668w ~ea Sabjslk Anqgk~frk

%Anqgk~fjmko Sabjsl& tkw okqmgean ~j fm~sjnqga ~ea ~esaa lk`js fmnfdamjqw okmdqkdaw/ [qageqk/

Kvlksk kmn Dqkskm/ fm~j ~ea gqssfgqoql- Tefoa xsaoflfmksv sawaksge jm ~ea fmnfdamjqw

Klkpjmfkm kmn Gekgj okmdqkdaw tkw gkssfan jq~/ aw~kcofwefmd koxekca~w kmn w~qnvfmd

anqgk~fjmko maanw/ mj xsjdskllaw tasa wa~ qx fm ~efw ksak- êa Qsq okmdqkdaw/ ~ea jmov wlkoo

efdeokmn okmdqkdaw ~ek~ wqsrfra/ tasa gjlxoa~aov oab~ jq~ jb gjmwfnask~fjm- Jma jb ~ea ksdqlam~w

tkw ~ek~ ~eawa okmdqkdaw ksa wxjiam cv ~jj bat xajxoa ~j tksskm~ wasfjqw ~akgefmd abbjs~w- êa

MJQ fmf~fk~fra lkv eaox ~j nskt ~ea k~~am~fjm jb ~ea xokmmasw k~ ~ea Wag~fjm jb Gqssfgqoql

Naraojxlam~ k~ ~ea Lfmfw~sv jb Anqgk~fjm ~j ~ea Qsq okmdqkdaw kmn gjllqmf~faw-

1-2- Gqssam~ov/ ~ea gjllqmf~v f~waob fw amdkdan fm jsdkmfpfmd jma ejqs jb Qsq ~akgefmd k

taai bjs ~ea gefonsam fm ~ea wgejjo/ qwfmd ~ea lk~asfkow ta ekra xsaxksan jras ~ea okw~ ~tj vaksw-

Fm k ~akgeas,~skfmfmd fmw~f~q~fjm ;> il ktkv/ wjla w~qnam~w ksa fm~asaw~an fm wxamnfmd k walaw~as

fm Fsjef~j kw k xks~ jb ~eafs bfmko xskg~fga xasfjn/ naraojxfmd ~akgefmd lk~asfkow-

1-4- Cjofrfk fw gqo~qskoov kmn ofmdqfw~fgkoov km au~salaov sfge gjqm~sv- Lkmv jb ~ea Klkpjmfkm

okmdqkdaw fm ~ea gjqm~sv ksa ofmdqfw~fg fwjok~aw js caojmd ~j au~salaov wlkoo ojgko okmdqkda

bklfofaw- F~ fw ofiaov ~ek~ ~ea a~emjofmdqfw~fg wf~qk~fjm fm Cjofrfk kmn ~ea kn`kgam~ Cskpfofkm w~k~a

jb Sjmnmfk nfsag~ov saboag~w k rasv jon w~kda fm ~ea okmdqkda naraojxlam~ jb ~ea gjm~fmam~- êqw

qmnasw~kmnfmd ~ea okmdqkdaw kmn gqo~qsaw jb Cjofrfk jbbasw k iav ~j ~ea aksov efw~jsv jb ~ea

gjm~fmam~ kw k tejoa-


15/19

;1

Sabasamgaw

KNAOKKS/ Tfooal B- E- kmn LQVWIAM/ Xfa~as G- Fm xsaxksk~fjm- ^ea Okmdqkdaw jb ~ea

Kmnaw- Gklcsfnda0 Gklcsfnda Qmfraswf~v Xsaww-

KOC/ Ukrfas- ;661-Cjofrfk xoqsfofmda- Dqfk xksk xokmfbfgknjsaw v anqgknjsaw- Gqknasmjw na

fmraw~fdkgfm >>- 3 rjo-/ lkxw/ kxxamnfgaw- Ok Xkp0 QmfgabGfxgk-

KXKPK KXKPK/ Fdmkgfj- 3888- Aw~qnfj nfkoag~ko nao kvlksk- Gkskg~asfpkgfm ofmdw~fgk na ok

sadfm fm~aswkoks na Qvqmf v Gjfxkwk- Ok Xkp0 Fmw~f~q~j na Aw~qnfjw Cjofrfkmjw-

CKGKSSAPK/ Pamjm- ;6;8- Bskdlam~j nao fmbjsla na ok xsjrfmgfk na Gkskmdkw nao

Naxks~klam~j na Jsqsj- Cjoa~m Jbfgfmk Mkgfjmko na Aw~knw~fgk/ Rjo- 2- Ok Xkp-

GS[QF,LJM^BJSN/ Dajsdaw na kmn SFRA^/ Xkqo- ;63134- Ok okmdqa Qsq jq Xqifmk-

@jqsmko na ok Wjgf~ naw Klsfgkmfw~aw na Xksfw ;40 3;;>>9 ;5/ ;;;769 ;6/ 14;;2-

NFW^SF^J MKGFJMKOFNKN FMNDAMK QSQW NA FSJEF^J- 3883- Ao fnfjlk Qgeqlk~k{q-

Lkmqwgsfx~/ Fsjef~j-

BKCSA/ Kokfm- ;661- Oaufgko wflfoksf~faw ca~taam Qsq,Gefxkvk kmn Xkmj,^kikmkm okmdqkdaw0

Dama~fg saok~fjmwefx js k sako nfbbqwfjm: Jxgfm ;;0 ;5/ >147-

DSFMARKON/ Gjoa~~a a~ ko- ;661- Gqswj na qgeqlk~k{q- Lkmqwgsfx~/ Fsjef~j*Ok Xkp-

FMNK/ Ojsampj- ;651-Efw~jsfk na ojw qsqw- Gjlqmfnkn Fsjef~j na Vkmkxk~k- Ok Xkp0 EFWCJO-

OAELKMM/ Tko~as- ;635- Rjgkcqoksfj qsq na Fsjef~j- Lkmqwgsfx~- Casofm0 Fcasj,Klasfgkm

Fmw~f~q~a-


16/19

;2

L^SKQU/ Kobsan- ;671- Gjm~sfcq~fjm oa~mjdskxefa a~ ok ofmdqfw~f{qa naw fmnfamw QsqnKmgjk{qf %Cjofrfa&-@jqsmko na ok Wjgf~ naw Klsfgkmfw~aw na Xksfw 350 41;;8-

LFSKMNK LKLKMF/ Oqfw/ LJSFGFJ GEJ[QA/ Nkmfao kmn KORKSAP NA LJSFGFJ/

Wk~qsmfmk- ;663- Laljsfkw na qm jorfnj- âw~fljmfjw na rfnk Qsq,Lqsk~jw- Sagjxfoknj xjs

Sjwwkmk Cksskdm %KWQS&- Ok Xkp0 KWQS*EFWCJO-

LQVWIAM/ Xfa~as- 3888- Nsktm fm~j ~ea Kvlksk ljon0 ~ea Qsq fm @aekm na Raooksnw ~au~w-

Fm0 Wfljm rkm na Iasia kmn Eafm rkm na Rjjs~/ anw-/ Xkxasw --- W~qnfaw fm Fmnfkm Okmdqkdaw jb

Ok~fm Klasfgk- Oafnam0 GMTW*Oafnam Qmfraswf~v-

LQVWIAM/ Xfa~as- 388;- Ao Qgeqlk~k{q %Qsq& na Fsjef~j- Jcwasrkgfjmaw xsaoflfmksaw-

Oamdqk Mkgfm Jsfdfmksfk Qsq %388;& Ifsftfoo [klkmkiZ~km mf`Z gea{kmgef~kmxkgek ~fv

tk`~ek [koo~fmfif QsqZ * Aw~k~q~jw jsdmfgjw v sadoklam~jw na ok Mkgfm Jsfdfmksfj Qsq- Kj 8,

3888- Jsqsj0 Gam~sj Nfjgawkmj na Xkw~jsko Wjgfko %GANFXKW&-

JOWJM/ Sjmkon N- ;62>- Lkvkm kbbfmf~faw tf~e Gefxkvk jb Cjofrfk F- Fm~asmk~fjmko @jqsmko jb

Klasfgkm Ofmdqfw~fgw 780 7;73>-

JOWJM/ Sjmkon N- ;621- Lkvkm kbbfmf~faw tf~e Gefxkvk jb Cjofrfk FF- Fm~asmk~fjmko @jqsmko

jb Klasfgkm Ofmdqfw~fgw 7;0 3675-

JOWJM/ S- ;624- êa wvookcoa fm Gefxkvk-Fm~asmk~fjmko @jqsmko jb Klasfgkm Ofmdqfw~fgw 770788>-

XJOJ/ @jw ^jsfcfj- ;68;- Ojw fmnfjw Qsqw nao Xas v Cjofrfk- Cjoa~m na ok Wjgfankn

Dajdsbfgk na Oflk ;80 >>153-

XJSÂSFA,DQ^FASSAP/ Ofofkma- ;668- Njgqlam~jw xksk ao aw~qnfj na ok oamdqk gefxkvk-


17/19

;4

Xsawam~kgfm na Sjwkoaam Ejtksn,Lkorasna-Klasfmnfk ;10 ;146;-

XJWMKMWIV/ Ks~eqs- ;6;1-Ok oamdqk Gefxkvk- Ok Xkp-

^FGJMK KOA@J/ Aw~ackm kmn KOC GJSSJMW/ Ukrfas- ;664- Ok oqgek xjs ao xjnas

gjlqmko- @aww na Lkgek{k0 Ok lksik sacaona- Ok Xkp0 Ganjfm kmn GFXGK-

^JSASJ/ Kobsanj- ;654- Oamdqkw v xqacojw ko~fxomfgjw am ~jsmj ko wfdoj URF- Sarfw~k

Kmnfmk 10 736>82-

QEOA/ Lku- ;56>2- Lkmqwgsfx~w jm Qsq Rjgkcqoksv kmn Dskllks- Casofm0 Fcasj,Klasfgkm

Fmw~f~q~a-

RAOOKSN/ @aekm- ;6>6- Gjm~sfcq~fjm o~qna naw Fmnfamw Qsq jq Ij~wqw- ^skrkqu na

oFmw~f~q~ Bskmkfw n~qnaw Kmnfmaw/ ^jla F %Xksfw,Oflk&/ ;>1386-

RAOOKSN/ @aekm- ;618- Gjm~sfcq~fjm o~qna naw Fmnfamw Qsq jq Ij~wqw- ^skrkqu na

oFmw~f~q~ Bskmkfw n~qnaw Kmnfmaw/ ^jla FF %Xksfw,Oflk&/ 1;56-

RAOOKSN/ @aekm- ;61;- Gjm~sfcq~fjm o~qna naw Fmnfamw Qsq jq Ij~wqw- ^skrkqu na

oFmw~f~q~ Bskmkfw n~qnaw Kmnfmaw/ ^jla FFF %Xksfw,Oflk&/ 776-

RAOOKSN/ @aekm- ;61>- Nfaqu a~ xksfkw naw Kmnaw- Oaw jqsjqw/ gaqu {qf ma raqoam~ xkw ~saw

naw ejllaw- Xksfw0 nf~fjmw lfoa,Xkqo-

RAOOKSN/ @aekm- ;624- Gjm~sfcqgfm ko aw~qnfj na ok oamdqk qsq- Cqamjw Kfsaw0 Gam~sj na

Aw~qnfjw Ofmdw~fgjw/ Qmfraswfnkn na Cqamjw Kfsaw-

TKGE^AO/ Mk~ekm- ;668-Oa sa~jqs naw kmg~saw- Oaw fmnfamw Qsqw na Cjofrfa UUURFa wfgoa-

Awwkf nefw~jfsa sadsawwfra- Xksfw0 Dkooflksn-


18/19

;5

Kcjq~ ~ea Kq~ejs

Xfa~as Lqvwiam fw gqssam~ov xsjbawwjs jb ofmdqfw~fgw k~ Mf`ladam Qmfraswf~v %~ea Ma~easokmnw&/

kb~as ekrfmd ~kqde~ k~ ~ea Qmfraswf~v jb Klw~asnkl bjs lkmv vaksw kmn k csfab w~fm~ k~ Oafnam

Qmfraswf~v %a,lkfo0 kwsjjwHuw>koo-mo&- Efw lkfm wxagfkofwl fw okmdqkda gjm~kg~/ tefge ea ekw

w~qnfan fm ~ea gjm~au~ jb ~ea Gksfccakm Gsajoaw/ ~ea saok~fjm ca~taam [qageqk kmn Wxkmfwe/ kmn

gjna,wtf~gefmd kljmd fllfdskm~ dsjqxw fm Aqsjxa- Efw xqcofgk~fjmw fmgoqna Lfuan Gk~adjsfaw-

Mjlfmkofpk~fjmw fm [qageqk %tf~e Gokfsa Oabacrsa/ Ioqtas ;654&/ Okmdqkda Gjm~kg~ kmn

Cfofmdqkofwl %tf~e Sam Kxxao/ Antksn Ksmjon ;654&/ Xfndfmw kmn Gsajoaw/ km Fm~sjnqg~fjm %an-

tf~e @kg{qaw Ksamnw kmn Mjsrko Wlf~e/ Cam`klfmw ;662&/ Jma Wxakias/ ^tj Okmdqkdaw %an-

tf~e Oawoav Lfosjv/ Gklcsfnda ;662&/ kmn Cfofmdqko Wxaage- K ^vxjojdv jb Gjna,lfufmd

%Gklcsfnda 3888&-

Mj~aw

;- Bqs~easljsa/ xsaoflfmksv sawqo~w bsjl km Kvlksk oaufgjdskxefg nfkoag~,wqsrav jb ~ea xajxoa

ofrfmd jm ~ea ckmiw jb ~ea Nawkdqknasj ca~taam Okia ^f~fgkgk kmn Okia Xjjxj %BfojlamkLfskmnk/ Qmfraswfnkn Lkvjs na Wkm Kmnsaw/ Ok Xkp/ xaswjmko gjllqmfgk~fjm& ekra qmgjrasan kmqlcas jb mjm,Kvlksk tjsnw fm ~efw ksak- ^eawa wqddaw~ ~ek~ ~easa jmga tkw km Qsq,wxakifmdxjxqok~fjm koo kojmd ~ea Nawkdqknasj-

3- ^efw lakm~ ~ek~ ~ea okmdqkda gjqon kmn wejqon ca qwan kw k lfwwfjmksv okmdqkda/ aram tf~ewxakiasw jb wlkooas okmdqkdaw-

7- ^jsasj %;654& ekw wejtm ~ek~ wjla Xq{qfmk oaufgjm wqsrfraw fm Gkookeqkvk/ k sf~qko eakofmdokmdqkda bsjl ~ea Gekskpkmf sadfjm mjs~e jb Ok Xkp %gb- a-d- Lqvwiam ;6629 Knaokks kmnLqvwiam fm xsax-&-

>- Lkfw oa xaqxoa nq okg k ~ bskxx ljs~- Oa nasmfas dsjqxa jqsjq ma wa sbjslask xoqw-

1- Aooaw gjmwfnsam~ ~jq`jqsw ojqcof na ok okmdqa lk~asmaooa gjlla qm ge~flam~ kggjlxkdmna ok xsfrk~fjm nq wagjqsw lkdf{qa a~ nq njm na ok xsjxe~fa- Xjqs w~sa koofw kqu ejllaw/ oawnasmfasw Jqsjqw jm~ xasnq oaqs okmdqa a~ ma wjm~ xoqw sawxag~w-

2- Fo v k {qfmpa kmw/ xoqw na gfm{qkm~a xaswjmmaw xksokfam~ gjqskllam~ ojqsjq- Ok nfwxaswfjmramqa/ oaw lksfkdaw lfu~aw jm~ kggaoas ok sqfma nq okmdkda- Oaw ballaw kvlkskw lksfaw kqu


19/19

;6

Jqsjqw sabqwam~ na xksoas ok okmdqa na oaqsw lksfw9 oaw ambkm~w/ ~km~ kvlkskw nq bkf~ na oaqsw

lsaw/ ma raqoam~ xkw ~sa xsfw xjqs naw Jqsjqw am xksokm~ qma okmdqa lxsfwa-

4- K~ ~ek~ xjfm~ tjlam tasa mj~ kwian ~j xks~fgfxk~a fm ~ea bfaontjsi/ qmbjs~qmk~aov/ cv ~earfookda oaknasw/ F wqwxag~ cagkqwa ~eav imjt ljsa ~ekm ~ea lam-

5- Wjla Qsq wkv ~ek~ @aekm Raooksn oab~ ~ea gjllqmf~v tf~e km Qsq tjlkm- êfw w~jsv jb ksjlkmga bfmnw wjla wqxxjs~ fm efw bfaon mj~aw/ a-d- team ea aualxofbfaw0 klx~a tfsk iqgekgeqmf xfmf xaiqgekv ~jf/ `kfla cfam cakqgjqx/ cokmg %;61;/ 3;& Yvjq/ F ojra {qf~a k cf~/ tef~alkm\ %wxaoofmd knkx~an ~j ljnasm Qgeqlk~k{q js~ejdskxev kw fm~sjnqgan fm ;651&-

6- Jb gjqswa/ ~eav lkv sabqwa/ cq~ ~eam ~eav ojwa ~eafs w~k~qw kw gjllqmf~v lalcasw-

;8- êa Qsq ksa ~sknf~fjmkoov kwwjgfk~an tf~e ~ea ~agemf{qa jb saan cjk~w lkna bkljqw cv êjsEavasnkeo/ aram fb mjt ljw~ jb ~eawa cjk~w jm Okia ^f~fgkgk ksa lkna cv ~ea Kvlksk/ kmn ljw~cjk~w qwan cv ~ea Qsq ~ealwaoraw ksa gskb~an bsjl tjjn-

;;- Ok okmdqa bskxxa kq xsalfas kcjsn xks wk njqgaqs/ am gjm~skw~a krag oa {qfgejqk xoqw nqs a~sfgea am dq~~qskoaw %fo v k {qk~sa bjslaw nfbbsam~aw na iam {qfgejqk& a~ xoqw amgjsa kragokvlksk- Gaw~ qma okmdqa geqgej~km~a/ krag nfmmjlcskcoaw wfbbokm~aw a~ geqfm~km~aw/ naw ~ge/ge/ we/ ~w/ a~g-

;3- Mj~fga kowj ~ek~ ~easa fw k xjwwfcoa gkwa jb sa,a~vljojdfwk~fjm fm ~ea gkwa jbwfiqsq,gekv- F~ojjiw wqwxfgfjqwov ofia Wxkmfwe kwadqsks%wagqsa&-

;7- Nkmw ok gjmw~sqg~fjm naw xeskwaw/ oa gjlxolam~ n~aslfmk~fb wa xokga krkm~ oa wqcw~km~fb-Wkmw ~sa qma sdoa kcwjoqa/ oa rasca aw~ njsnfmkfsa saà~ ok bfm naw xeskwaw- Gaooaw,gf wjm~ ~swgjqs~aw a~ ~jq~ oa nfwgjqsw aw~ gjlxjw na xa~f~aw xeskwaw bjs~ wflxoaw-

Lqvwiam/ Xfa~as%3883& Qgeqlk~k{q0 Sawaksge fm Xsjdsaww jm ~ea Cjofrfkm Ko~fxokmj/Fm~asmk~fjmko @jqsmko jm Lqo~fgqo~qsko Wjgfa~faw / Rjo- >/ Mj- 3/

?e~~x0**ttt-qmawgj-jsd*ljw~*ro>m3lqvwiam-xnb=

FWWM ;12>,>68;

QMAWGJ/ 3883

êa jxfmfjmw auxsawwan fm ~efw xqcofgk~fjm ksa ~ejwa jb ~ea kq~ejsw kmn nj mj~ magawwksfov

saboag~ ~ea rfatw jb QMAWGJ-
http://www.unesco.org/most/jmshome.htmhttp://www.unesco.org/most/jmshome.htmhttp://www.unesco.org/most/jmshome.htmhttp://www.unesco.org/most/jmshome.htmhttp://www.unesco.org/most/jmshome.htmhttp://www.unesco.org/most/jmshome.htmhttp://www.unesco.org/most/jmshome.htm

muysken.- uchumataqu: research in progress on the bolivian altiplano

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