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Page 1: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

Mutations

Page 2: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material

What is a MUTATION?

Page 3: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

Effects

Page 4: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

1. Ecological disbalance

One vivid example:Over the last 5 years USA has been unable to produce sufficient crops to feed the country due to its failure to defeat some mutated weeds resistant to any known

chemical

Page 5: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

2. Diseases50 years ago nearly 40000 people in USA were diagnosed with

leukaemia every year – 22000 of them died

Today nearly 150000 people in USA are diagnosed with leukaemia –

80000 of them die

Page 6: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

2. Diseases50 years ago nearly 20 Americans died each day

from skin cancer

Todaynearly 45 Americans die each day from skin cancer

Page 7: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

2. Diseases

50 years ago albinism was found only in 5 per 100,000 of Americans and Europeans, in 20 out of 100,000 Africans

Today these figures have risen to 40 and 150 per 100,000 corrispondingly

Page 8: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

2. Diseases

Page 9: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

3. Physical disorders50 years ago physical abnormalities were mostly exceptions and

accounted for less than 0,1% of the globe’s population

Today every 50th individual on the Earth has some physical abnormalities

Page 10: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

3. Physical disorders50 years ago people were struck by the story of a 2-year-old Indian girl

Lakshiri Tatma born with 8 limbs

Today this is not a rare case

Page 11: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

3. Physical disorders

Page 12: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

3. Physical disorders

Page 13: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

3. Physical disorders

Page 14: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

4. Super viruses50 years ago most dangerous viruses were

AIDS, hepatitis, bird flu

Today we have all in all 11 super viruses. One of them is

papillomavirus, or HPV

Page 15: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

5. Poor reproduction

50 years ago infertility in USA accounted for 2,2% of the population

Today this figure amounts 10,5%

Page 16: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

Causes

Page 17: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

1. UV-radiation(thin ozone layer)

2008 2050

Page 18: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

2. Radioactivity

Average radioactivity in the world today is roughly 3 times as intense as 50 years ago

It has increased from 2,4 mSv/year in 2008 to 6,9 mSv/year (the norm is 5,0mSv/year)

Page 19: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

2. Radioactivity

Natural Human-made

TechnologyNuclear wastes

NPS and atomic explosions

Page 20: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

3. Pollution

Page 21: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

4. Some chemical substances

Cosmetic ingredients

Medicine Tobacco

Fertilizers Pesticides

Page 22: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

5. Genetic engineering

Page 23: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

6. Genetically modified food

99% of all the food

produced in US

is GM

Page 24: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

Measureswe should have taken in the

last 50 years

Should have used our resources in a different way

Page 25: Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

Thank you for attention


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