mustang lumber, inc. v. court of appeals

8/18/2019 Mustang Lumber, Inc. v. Court of Appeals

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EN BANC

[G.R. No. 104988. June 18, 1996.]

MUSTANG LUMBER, INC., petitioner , vs. HON. COURT OFAPPEALS, HON. FULGENCIO S. FACTORAN, JR.,Secretary, Department ! En"#rnment an$ Nat%ra&Re'%rce' (DENR), an$ ATT*. +INCENT A. ROBLES,C#e!, Spec#a& Act#n' an$ In"e't#-at#n D#"#'#n,DENR, respondents.

[G.R. No. 106424. June 18, 1996.]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner , vs. HON.TERESITA DION/CAPULONG, #n er capac#ty a' tePre'#$#n- J%$-e, Re-#na& Tr#a& C%rt, Nat#na& Cap#ta&

J%$#c#a& Re-#n, Branc 012, +a&en3%e&a, Metr Man#&a,

an$ RI CHU* PO, respondents.

[G.R. No. 123784. June 18, 1996.]

M%'tan- L%m4er, Inc. ". C%rt ! Appea&'

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MUSTANG LUMBER, INC., petitioner , vs. HON. COURT OFAPPEALS, ATT*. +INCENT A. ROBLES, C#e!, Spec#a&Act#n' an$ In"e't#-at#n D#"#'#n, Department ! En"#rnment an$ Nat%ra& Re'%rce' (DENR), ATT*.

NESTOR +. GAPUSAN, TIRSO P. PARIAN, JR., an$ FELIPEH. CALLORINA, JR., respondents.

Francisco D. Estrada for Mustn! "u#$er.

S*LLABUS

1. REME%&A" "A'( CR&M&NA" )R*CE%+RE( M*&*N * -+A/( GR*+N%( /A AC C/ARGE% %* N* C*N&+E AN *ENE. +ner r!r5, eton 3, Rue 117 of te Rues of Court, n nfor#ton #: $e ;useon te !roun tt te fts e!e teren o not onsttute n oen: of te ?er#ents n te nfor#ton, tt s, @eter te fts e!e, f :otet: #tte, onsttute te ee#ents of te oen: of tenfor#ton, eton 6, Rue 110 of te Rues of Court re;ures, inter alia, ttte nfor#ton stte te ts or o#ssons o#ne of s onsttutn! teo


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2. &%.( &%.( &%.( &%.( &%.( N* )REEN &N CAE A BAR. Resonent R Cu: )o s r!e @t te ?oton of eton 68of ).%. No. 70, s #ene $: E.*. No. 277. )unse n tsseton re 51 te cutting, gathering, collection, or removal of

timber or other forest products fro# te es teren #entone@tout n: utort:( n 5$ possession of t#$er or oter forestrouts @tout te e! ou#ents s re;ure uner estn!forest @s n re!utons. &nee te @or lumber oes not ern eton 68. But onen! ex gratia tt ts o#sson #ounts ton euson of u#$er fro# te setons o?er!e, o te fts?erre n te nfor#ton n te CR&M&NA" CAE ?: r!e

?oton of te s setonD A ursor: ren! of te nfor#tonre: es us to n nf$e onuson tt lumber is not solely its subject matter . &t s e?ent terefro# tt @t re e!e to$e n te ossesson of te r?te resonent, @tout te re;uree! ou#ents, re truos of 51 #! n un( n 52ro#te: 200,000 $. ft. lumber n sorts of ?rous seesnun! #! n su. e =#! n un= seF:#entone n no. 51 re not esr$e s =u#$er=. e: nnotrefer to te =u#$er= n no. 52 $euse te: re serte $: te@ors =ro#te: 200,000 $. ft.= @t te onunton =n,=n not @t te reoston =of=. e: #ust ten $e r@ forestrouts or, #ore seF:, timbers uner eton 35; of ).%. No.


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70, s #ene. &t foo@s ten tt lumber s on: one of tete#s o?ere $: te nfor#ton. Aorn!:, e?en f lumber s notnue n eton 68, te oter te#s teren s note $o?e f@tn te #$t of te s seton, n s to te#, te nfor#ton

?: r!es n o


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#ensons @ @ere not o#ne @t te re;ure n?oes ntrnsort ou#ents. e seure of su tru n ts r!o @s ?eerse of te o@er ?este uon forest o>er or e#o:ee $: eton 80of ).%. No. 70, s #ene $: ).%. No. 177. en, too, te ser @s

onute on #o?n! ?ee. u ser ou $e @fu: onute@tout ser @rrnt.

. &%.( &%.( &%.( '/EN )R*)ER '&/*+ 'ARRAN. er of #o?n!?ee s one of te F?e otrn: ete eetons to te onsttuton#nte tt no ser or seure s $e #e eet $: ?rtue of @rrntssue $: u!e fter erson: eter#nn! te estene of ro$$euse. e oter eetons re 51 ser s n nent to @fu rrest, 52

seure of e?ene n n ?e@, 53 usto#s seres, n 54 onsente@rrntess ser.

6. REME%&A" "A'( CR&M&NA" )R*CE%+RE( EARC/ AN% E&I+RE( KA"&%&H *EARC/ 'ARRAN. +ner eton 9, Rue 126 of te Rues of Court, ser@rrnt s fet#e of ten :s. /ene, t ou $e ser?e t n: t#e @tnte s ero, n f ts o$et or urose nnot $e o#se n one

:, te s#e #: $e ontnue te foo@n! : or :s unt o#ete. us, @en te ser uner @rrnt on one : @s nterrute, t #: $eontnue uner te s#e @rrnt te foo@n! :, ro?e t s st @tnte tenL: ero.


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7. A%M&N&RA&KE "A'( ECREARH * /E %E)ARMEN * ENK&R*NMENAN% NA+RA" RE*+RCE( A%M&N&RA&KE E&I+RE )R*)ER *R K&*"A&*N* +)EN%E% "&CENE A "+MBER %EA"ER. )ettoners u#$erLeersense $een susene $: eretr: torn n te susenson @s

ne?er fte. us, ettoners $soute: no r!t to ossess, se, oroter@se sose of u#$er. Aorn!:, eretr: torn or s utorereresentt?e te utort: to see te u#$er ursunt to eton 68LAof ).%. No. 70, s #ene.

K&+G J., ssentn! *non

1. REME%&A" "A'( CR&M&NA" )R*CE%+RE( M*&*N * -+A/( GR*+N%(

AC %* N* C*N&+E AN *ENE &N CAE A BAR. R Cu: )o @sr!e @t te Koton of eton 68 of )% No. 70. e nfor#ton, r!e# @t ossesson @tout re;ure e! ou#ents of =. . . truc$loads of almaciga and lauan and approximately 2%%,%%% bd. ft. of lumber and shorts of various species including almaciga and supa, . . . .= &t s fe to sef:@eter te =#!= n =un= tere #entone refer to =t#$er= or=u#$er= or $ot. A erus of te en!s n nnees $efore te Court,

o@e?er, @ou nte tt on: u#$er s $een en?sone n tent#ent. 'e !ener: ftu #tters outse of te nfor#ton sounot @e! n reso?n! #oton to ;us foo@n! te stnn! rue tt theallegations of the information #ust one $e onsere n sou not $een!e, tere sou, o@e?er, $e no serous o$etons to tn! nto


&



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ount ton n rFtor: fts @, tou! not #: out n tenfor#ton, re #tte, onee, or not ene $: te rtes. eo?er!e of eton 68, )% 70, s so #ene, ts et, n t s onFneto =t#$er n oter forest routs.= eton 35; of te eree eFnes =forest

rout= n stn!uses t, n orreton @t eton 3 5 of te @, fro#tt @ s uner!one roessn!. #$er s so ssFe, uner eton35; of te @, s forest rout, @e u#$er s $een te!ore, unereton 35, #on! te ?rous Fnse @oo routs.

2. A%M&N&RA&KE "A'( A%M&N&RA&KE AGENC&E( &NER)*"A&*N /ERE* M+ BE C*NGR+*+ '&/ /E A+E. 'e !ret @e!t sornr: ore to n nterretton or onstruton of sttute $: te

!o?ern#ent !en: e uon to #e#ent te ent#ent, te rue @ouon: $e !oo, o@e?er, to te etent tt su nterretton or onstruton son!ruous @t te !o?ernn! sttute. A#nstrt?e ssunes n t: rr:te @ nto e


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DA+IDE, JR., (

e Frst n tr ses, G.R. No. 104988 n G.R. No. 123784,@ere or!n: ss!ne to te eon n r %?sons of teCourt, reset?e:. e: @ere su$se;uent: onsote @t te

seon, se of te Court en banc.)ettoner, o#est ororton @t rn o>e t Nos.

130L132 Jun "un treet, ono, Mn, n @t u#$er:rt ortune treet, ortune K!e, )seo e Bs, Kenue, MetroMn, @s u: re!stere s u#$er eer @t te Bureu of orest %e?eo#ent 5B% uner CertFte of Re!strton No.

NR%L4L09290L0469. &ts er#t s su @s to ere on 2ete#$er 1990.

Resonent eretr: u!eno . torn, Jr., n resonentAtt:. Knent A. Ro$es @ere, urn! te t#e #ter to teseses, te eretr: of te %ert#ent of En?ron#ent n NturResoures 5%ENR n te Cef of te e Atons n&n?est!ton %?son 5A&% of te %ENR, reset?e:.

e #ter oert?e fts re s foo@s

*n 1 Ar 1990, tn! on n nfor#ton tt u!e stoeof nrr tes, sorts, n s$s @ere seen nse te u#$er:r


)


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of te ettoner n Kenue, Metro Mn, te A&% or!ne te# of foresters n oe#en n sent t to onut sur?enet te s u#$er:r. &n te ourse tereof, te te# #e#$erss@ o#n! out fro# te u#$er:r te ettoners tru, @t

)te No. CCOL322, oe @t un n #! u#$er of ssorte ses n #ensons. ne te r?er ou not rouete re;ure n?oes n trnsort ou#ents, te te# see tetru to!eter @t ts r!o n #oune te# t te %ENRo#oun t Ks:s A?enue, -ueon Ct:. 1 e te# @s not $eto !n entr: nto te re#ses $euse of te refus of te [email protected]

*n 3 Ar 1990, te te# @s $e to seure ser @rrntfro# Eeut?e Ju!e Arno R. *soro of te Re!on r Court5RC of Kenue, Metro Mn. B: ?rtue tereof, te te#see on tt te fro# te ettoners u#$er:r four truosof nrr sorts, tr##n!s, n s$s( ne!!$e nu#$er of nrru#$er( n ro#te: 200,000 $or feet of u#$er n sortsof ?rous sees nun! #! n su. 3

*n 4 Ar 1990, te te# returne to te re#ses of teettoners u#$er:r n Kenue n e uner#nstrt?e seure te re#nn! stoe of #!, su,n un u#$er @t tot ?ou#e of 311,000 $or feet$euse te ettoner fe to roue uon e#n te


*


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orresonn! ertFte of u#$er or!n, ur: n?oes, t:seets, n e?er: reets fro# te soure of te n?oeso?ern! te u#$er to ro?e te e!t#: of ter soure nor!n. 4

)rentet:, t #: $e stte tt uner n #nstrt?eseure te o@ner retns te :s ossesson of te seertes. *n: n n?entor: of te rtes s ten n s!ne $: teo@ner or s reresentt?e. e o@ner s ro$te fro# sosn!te# unt furter orers.

*n 10 Ar 1990, ounse for te ettoner sent etter toRo$es re;uestn! n etenson of Ffteen :s fro# 14 Ar 1990 toroue te re;ure ou#ents o?ern! te see rtes$euse so#e of te#, rtur: te ertFte of u#$er or!n,@ere e!e: n te )ro?ne of -urno. Ro$es ene te #otonon te !roun tt te ou#ents $en! re;ure fro# teettoner #ust o#n: te u#$er or forest routs euner seure. 6

*n 11 Ar 1990, Ro$es su$#tte s #e#ornu#Lreortreo##enn! to eretr: torn te foo@n!

1. usenson n su$se;uent neton of te u#$er%eers )er#t of Mustn! "u#$er, &n. for oertn! nunre!stere u#$er:r n res@ # n ossesson of


1%


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A#! "u#$er 5 $nne see @tout te re;ureou#ents(

2. ConFston of te u#$er see tte Mustn! "u#$er:r nun! te tru @t )te No.

CCOL322 n te u#$er oe eren [s] no@ t te %ENRo#oun n te e?ent ts o@ner fs to su$#t ou#entsso@n! e!t#: of te soure of s u#$er @tn ten:s fro# te of seure(

3. n! of r#n r!es !nst Mr. R Cu: )o,o@ner of Mustn! "u#$er &n. n Mr. Ru, or f teru#stnes @rrnt for e! ossesson of nrr n#! u#$er n sorts f n @en reo##enton no.2 uses trou!(

4. ConFston of rus @t )te No. CCL639 nC%KL48 s @e s te u#$er oe teren for trnsortu#$er usn! =re:e= ou#ents. 7

*n 23 Ar 1990, eretr: torn ssue n orer

susenn! ##ete: te ettoners u#$erLeers er#t No.NR%L4L09290L0469 n retn! te ettoner to en n@rtn! @tn Ffteen :s @: ts u#$erLeers er#t sou not$e nee.


11


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*n te s#e te, ounse for te ettoner sent noter etterto Ro$es nfor#n! te tter tt te ettoner re:seure te re;ure ou#ents n @s re: to su$#t te#.None, o@e?er, @s su$#tte. 8

*n 3 M: 1990, eretr: torn ssue noter orer@eren, fter retn! te e?ents @ too e on 1 Ar n 3Ar 1990, e orere =C*N&CAE% n f?or of te !o?ern#ent to$e sose of n orne @t @= te ro#te: 311,000$or feet of un, su, n #! u#$er, sorts, n stsfoun nse te ettoners u#$er:r. 9

*n 11 Ju: 1990, te ettoner Fe @t te RC of Mn etton for certiorari n ro$ton @t r:er for restrnn!orer or re#nr: nunton !nst eretr: u!eno .torn, Jr., n Att:. Knent A. Ro$es. e se 5erenfter,te F+- /+0+ /-E @s oete s C? Cse No. 90L3648 nss!ne to Brn 3 of te s ourt. e ettoner ;uestoneteren 5 te seure on 1 Ar 1990, @tout n: ser n

seure orer ssue $: u!e, of ts tru @t )te No. CCOL322n ts r!o of ssorte u#$er onsstn! of ton!, tn!ue, nun of


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*n 17 ete#$er 1990, n resonse to reorts tt ?otonsof ).%. No. 70 5e Re?se orestr: Coe of te )nes, s#ene, @ere o##tte n tn! uon nstruton of Ro$esn uner e *rer No. 897, seres of 1990, te# of %ENR!ents @ent to te $usness re#ses of te ettoner ote tNo. 132 Jun "un treet, ono, Mn. e te# u!t teettoner oertn! s u#$er eer tou! ts u#$erLeerser#t re: $een susene on 23 Ar 1990. ne te!te of te ettoners u#$er:r @s oen, te te# @ent nsen s@ n o@nerLt:e ee @t trer oe @t u#$er. +onn?est!ton, te te# @s nfor#e tt te u#$er oe on te

trer @s to $e e?ere to te ettoners usto#er. &t so #euon te ses n?oe o?ern! te trnston. e #e#$ers of te te# ten ntroue te#se?es to te reter, one Ms.Cu, @o turne out to $e te @fe of te ettoners resentn !ener #n!er, Mr. R Cu: )o, @o @s ten out of to@n.

e te#s oto!rer @s $e to te oto!rs of testoes of u#$er nun! ne@: ut ones, fres ust roun

s@n! or uttn! #neres n e;u#ent, n te trnsort?ees oe @t u#$er. e te# tereuon e


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As onse;uene of ts 17 ete#$er 1990 nent, teettoner Fe @t te RC of Mn etton for certiorari nro$ton. e se 5erenfter, te -E/D /+0+ /-E @soete s C? Cse No. 90L4610 n ss!ne to Brn 24 of te s ourt.

&n te #ent#e, Ro$es Fe @t te %ert#ent of Juste5%*J o#nt !nst te ettoners resent n !ener#n!er, R Cu: )o, for ?oton of eton 68 of ).%. No. 70, s#ene $: E.*. No. 277. After rorte re#nr:n?est!ton, te n?est!tn! roseutor, Cro Areno, neo@n resouton 00 @ose sost?e orton res

'/ERE*RE, re#ses onsere, t s ere$:reo##ene tt n nfor#ton $e Fe !nstresonent R Cu: )o for e! ossesson of ro#te:200,000 $. ft. of u#$er onsstn! of #! n sun for e! s#ent of #! n un n ?oton of e. 68 of )% 70 s #ene $: E.*. 277, seres of 1987.

&t s furter reo##ene tt te 30,000 $. ft. of nrrsorts, tr##n!s n s$s o?ere $: e! ou#ents $ereese to te r!tfu o@ner, Mu. 12


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s resouton @s ro?e $: +nerseretr: of Juste?estre /. Beo &&&, @o ser?e s Cr#n of te s ore on&e! "o!!n!. 13

*n te $ss of tt resouton, n nfor#ton @s Fe on

June 1991 $: te %*J @t Brn 172 of te RC of Kenue,r!n! R Cu: )o @t te ?oton of eton 68 of ).%. No. 70,s #ene, @ @s oete s Cr#n Cse No. 324LKL915erenfter, te /+4+ /-E. e ustor: orton of tenfor#ton res s foo@s

t on or $out te 3r : of Ar 1990, or ror to orsu$se;uent tereto, @tn te re#ses n ?nt:of Mustn!"u#$er, &n. n ortune K!e, Kenue, MetroMn, n @tn te urston of ts /onor$e Court,te $o?eLn#e use, ten n tere @fu:,feonous: n un@fu:, ?e n s ossesson truosof #! n un n ro#te: 200,000 $. ft. of u#$er n sorts of ?rous sees nun! #! n

su, @tout te e! ou#ents s re;ure uner estn!forest @s n re!utons. 14

*n 7 June 1991, Brn 3 of te RC of Mn renere tseson 1 n te &R C&K&" CAE, te sost?e orton of @res


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'/ERE*RE, u!#ent n ts se s renere sfoo@s

1. e *rer of Resonent eretr: of te %ENR, te/onor$e u!eno . torn, Jr., te 3 M: 1990

orern! te onFston n f?or of te Go?ern#ent tero#te: 311,000 $or feet of un, su, n#! u#$er, sorts n sts, foun nse n seefro# te u#$er:r of te ettoner t ortune %r?e,ortune K!e, )seo e Bs, Kenue, Metro Mn, onAr 4, 1990 5E$t 10, s ere$: set se n ?te,n nste te resonents re re;ure to reort n $rn!

to te /on. Arno *soro, Eeut?e Ju!e, Re!on rCourt, NCJR, Kenue, Metro Mn, te s 311,000$or feet of un, su n #! u#$er, sorts nsts, to $e et @t s rete $: @(

2. e resonents re re;ure to ntte n roseutete rorte ton $efore te roer ourt re!rn! te

un n #! u#$er of ssorte ses n #ensonsoe n ettoners tru $ern! )te No. CCOL322 @@ere see on Ar 1, 1990(


1&


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3. e 'rt of )re#nr: &nunton ssue $: te Courton Au!ust 2, 1990 s $e renere functus o5cio uono#ne $: te resonents @t r!rs 1 n 2 of ts u!#ent(

4. Aton on te r:er of te ettoner tt te un,su n #! u#$er, sorts n sts #entone$o?e n r!rs 1 n 2 of ts u!#ent $e returne tos ettoner, s @te n ts se unt fter te roerourt s ten o!nne n eter#ne o@ toseu#$er, sorts n sts sou $e sose of( n

. e ettoner s orere to : te osts.

* *R%ERE%.

&n reso?n! te s se, te tr ourt e tt te@rrntess ser n seure on 1 Ar 1990 of te ettonerstru, @ @s #o?n! out fro# te ettoners u#$er:r nKenue, Metro Mn, oe @t r!e ?ou#es of u#$er@tout o?ern! ou#ent so@n! te e!t#: of ts soure or

or!n not o


18/54

su, n un u#$er n sorts eer s not re;ure to !nore ontr$ns o$ser?eurn! te onut of te ser. 18

e tr ourt, o@e?er, set se eretr: torns orer of 3 M: 1990 orern! te onFston of te see rtes n f?or

of te Go?ern#ent for te reson tt sne te rtes @ere seeursunt to te ser @rrnt ssue $: Eeut?e Ju!e *sorote: sou ?e $een returne to # n o#ne @t teret?e n te @rrnt.

As to te roret: of te 23 Ar 1990 orer of eretr:torn, te tr ourt rue tt te s#e $een renere

#oot n e# $: te erton of te ettoners u#$erLeers er#t on 2 ete#$er 1990, ft te ettoner#tte n ts #e#ornu#.


1)


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e ettoner fort@t ee fro# te eson n te &RC&K&" CAE to te Court of Aes, @ oete te es /78.. -9 o. 2##1%.

*n 7 Ju: 1991, use R Cu: )o Fe n te CR&M&NA" CAE

Moton to -us nPor to usen )roeen!s $se on tefoo@n! !rouns 5 te nfor#ton oes not r!e n o


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&n er orer of 16 Au!ust 1991 n te CR&M&NA" CAE, 21resonent Ju!e erest %onLCuon! !rnte te #oton to;us n s#sse te se on te !roun tt =ossesson of u#$er @tout te e! ou#ents re;ure $: forest @s nre!utons s not r#e.= 22

&ts #oton for reonserton ?n! $een ene n te orerof 18 *to$er 1991, 23 te )eoe Fe etton for certiorari@tts Court n 8.. o. 1%&"2", @eren t ontens tt teresonent Ju!e te @t !r?e $use of sreton n !rntn!te #oton to ;us n n s#ssn! te se.

*n 29 No?e#$er 1991, te Court of Aes renere

eson 24 n /78.. -9 o. 2##1% s#ssn! for of #ert teettoners e fro# te eson n te &R C&K&" CAE n>r#n! te tr ourts run!s on te ssues rse. As to te# tt te tru @s not rr:n! ontr$n rtes snetere s no @ unsn! te ossesson of lumber , ntt lumber s not timber @ose ossesson @tout te re;ure

e! ou#ents s un@fu uner ).%. No. 70, s #ene, teCourt of Aes e

s unue e#ss on lumber or te o##er nture of te forest rout n?o?e s @:s $een foste $: tose@o # to $e en!!e n te e!t#te $usness of


2%



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u#$er eers. But @t s #ortnt to onser s tt@en ent @s re;ure to resent te ? ou#entsso@n! ts ;uston n @fu ossesson of te u#$ern ;ueston, t fe to resent n: este te ero of etenson !rnte to t. 26

e ettoners #oton to reonser te s eson @sene $: te Court of Aes n ts resouton of 3 Mr 1992. 26/ene, te ettoner #e to ts Court $: @: of etton forre?e@ on certiorari n 8.. o. 1%"*)), @ @s Fe on 2 M:1992. 27

*n 24 ete#$er 1992, Brn 24 of te RC of Mn neo@n eson n te EC*N% C&K&" CAE s#ssn! te ettonfor certiorari n ro$ton $euse 5 te ettoner noteust #nstrt?e re#ees( 5$ @en te seure @s #eon 17 ete#$er 1990 te ettoner ou not @fu: se u#$er,s ts ense @s st uner susenson( 5 te seure @s ?uner eton 68LA of ).%. No. 70, s #ene( n 5 te seure

@s ustFe s @rrntess ser n seure uner eton 80of ).%. No. 70, s #ene.

e ettoner ee fro# te eson to te Court of Aes, @ oete te e s /78.. -9 o. 33'').


21

https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/14291?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=14291&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=25546&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12101&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=20716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21946&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=3220&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=28344&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=24653&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=50414&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12978&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11329&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6173&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=52010&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12679&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=51665&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10235&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11431&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=20208&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11121&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=mustang&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote25_0https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/14291?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=14291&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=25546&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12101&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=20716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21946&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=3220&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=28344&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=24653&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=50414&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12978&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11329&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6173&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=52010&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12679&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=51665&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10235&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11431&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=20208&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11121&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=mustang&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote25_0https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834


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&n ts eson 28 of 31 Ju: 199, te Court of Aess#sse te ettoners e n CALG.R. ) No. 33778 for of #ert n sustne te !rouns ree uon $: te tr ourt ns#ssn! te EC*N% C&K&" CAE. Re:n! on te eFnton of =u#$er= $: 'e$ster, vi6 ., =t#$er or o!s, ese: fter $en!rere for te #ret,= n $: te Rno# /ouse %tonr: of te En!s "n!u!e, vi6 ., =@oo, es. @en sut$e or tefor ?rous $un! uroses,= te resonent Court e ttsne:ood s nue n te eFnton of forest product n eton35; of ).%. No. 70, s #ene, lumber s neessr: nue neton 68 uner te ter# forest product .

e Court of Aes furter e#se tt forest o>er ore#o:ee n see te forest rout n?o?e n ?oton of eton 68 of ).%. No. 70 ursunt to eton 80 tereof, s#ene $: ).%. No. 177, @ ro?es n rt s foo@s

EC. 80. rrest, +nstitution of /riminal ctions. A foresto>er or e#o:ee of te Bureu or n: ersonne of te

)ne Const$ur:P&nte!rte Nton )oe srrest e?en @tout @rrnt n: erson @o s o##tteor s o##ttn! n s resene n: of te o


23/54

or ten $: te o


24/54

+ner r!r 5, eton 3, Rue 117 of te Rues of Court,n nfor#ton #: $e ;use on te !roun tt te ftse!e teren o not onsttute n oen: of te?er#ents n te nfor#ton, tt s, @eter te fts e!e, f :otet: #tte, onsttute te ee#ents of teoen: of te nfor#ton, eton 6, Rue 110 of te Rues of Court re;ures, inter alia, tt te nfor#ton stte te ts oro#ssons o#ne of s onsttutn! te o


25/54

uttn!, !tern!, oeton or ossesson s $e $e,n f su o>ers re ens, te: s, n ton to teent:, $e eorte @tout furter roeen!s on te rtof te Co##sson on #!rton n %eortton.

e Court s furter orer te onFston n f?or of

te !o?ern#ent of te t#$er or n: forest routs ut,!tere, oete, re#o?e, or ossesse, s @e s te#ner:, e;u#ent, #e#ents n toos e!: usen te re @ere te t#$er or forest routs re foun.

)unse ten n ts seton re 51 te cutting, gathering,collection, or removal of timber or other forest products fro# te esteren #entone @tout n: utort:( n 5$ possession of t#$eror oter forest routs @tout te e! ou#ents s re;ure unerestn! forest @s n re!utons.

&nee, te @or lumber oes not er n eton 68. Butonen! ex gratiatt ts o#sson #ounts to n euson of

u#$er fro# te setons o?er!e, o te fts ?erre n tenfor#ton n te CR&M&NA" CAE ?: r!e ?oton of tes setonD

A ursor: ren! of te nfor#ton re: es us to nnf$e onuson tt lumber is not solely its subject matter . &t s


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e?ent terefro# tt @t re e!e to $e n te ossesson of te r?te resonent, @tout te re;ure e! ou#ents, retruos of

51 #! n un( n

52 ro#te: 200,000 $. ft. of lumber n sorts of ?rous sees nun! #! n su.

e =#! n un= seF: #entone n no. 51 re notesr$e s =u#$er=. e: nnot refer to te =u#$er= n no. 52$euse te: re serte $: te @ors =ro#te: 200,000$. ft.= @t te onunton =n,= n not @t te reoston =of=.

e: #ust ten $e r@ forest routs or, #oreseF:, timbers uner eton 35; of ).%. No. 70, s#ene, @ res

EC. 3. De5nitions.

5; orest rout #ens t#$er, u@oo, Fre@oo,

$r, tree to, resn, !u#, @oo, o, one:, $ees@, n,rttn, or oter forest !ro@t su s !rss, sru$, no@ern! nt, te ssote @ter, Fs, !#e, sen,stor, rereton n !eoo! resoures n forestns.


2&



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&t foo@s ten tt lumber s on: one of te te#s o?ere $:te nfor#ton. e u$ n te r?te resonents o$?ous:#so#reene te ?er#ents n te nfor#ton. Aorn!:,e?en f lumber s not nue n eton 68, te oter te#s terens note $o?e f @tn te #$t of te s seton, n s tote#, te nfor#ton ?: r!es n o


28/54

8. t @en nse te o#oun, te te# founro#te: four 54 truos of narra shorts,trimmings n slabsn ne!!$e #ount of nrr u#$er,n ro#te: 200,000 $. ft. of u#$er n sorts of ?rous sees nun! #! n su @ ressFe s ro$te @oo sees. 5E#ss sue

&n te s#e ?en, te sost?e orton of te resouton 31 of ten?est!tn! roseutor, @ ser?e s te $ss for te Fn! of te nfor#ton, oes not #t tsef to lumber ( tus

'/ERE*RE, re#ses onsere, t s ere$:reo##ene tt n nfor#ton $e Fe !nst

resonent R Cu: )o for e! ossesson of 200,000 $.ft. of u#$er onsstn! of #! n su and for illegalshipment of almaciga and lauan n ?oton of e. 68 of )%70 s #ene $: E.*. 277, seres of 1987. 5E#sssue

e fore!on! s;ustons sou not, n n: #nner, $e

onstrue s n >r#ne of te resonent Ju!es onusontt lumber s eue fro# te o?er!e of eton 68 of ).%. No.70, s #ene, n tus ossesson tereof @tout te re;uree! ou#ents s not r#e. *n te ontrr:, ts Court rues


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tt su ossesson s ene n te s seton$euse lumber s nue n te ter# timber .

e Re?se orestr: Coe ontns no eFnton of eter timber or lumber . 'e te for#er s nue n forest

products s eFne n r!r 5; of eton 3, te tter s founn r!r 5 of te s#e seton n te eFnton of =)roessn! nt=( @ res

5 )roessn! nt s n: #en setLu, #neor o#$nton of #ne use for te roessn! of o!sn oter forest r@ #ters nto lumber , ?eneer, :@oo,@$or, $$or, er $or, u, er or oter

Fnse @oo routs. s s#: #ens tt lumber s roesse o! or roesseforest r@ #ter. Cer:, te Coe uses te ter# lumber n tsornr: or o##on us!e. &n te 1993 o:r!t eton of 'e$sters r Ne@ &nternton %tonr:, lumber seFne, inter alia, s t#$er or o!s fter $en! rere for te

#ret.= 32 #: ut, u#$er s processed o! or t#$er.&t s sette tt n te $sene of e!st?e ntent to te

ontrr:, @ors n rses use n sttute sou $e !?en tern, ornr:, n o##on us!e #enn!. 33 An nsofr sossesson of timber @tout te re;ure e! ou#ents s


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onerne, eton 68 of ).%. No. 70, s #ene, #es nostnton $et@een r@ or roesse t#$er. Neter sou @e. !bilex non distinguit nec nos distinguere debemus.

&nsut$:, resonent Ju!e erest %onLCuon! of

Brn 172 of te RC of Kenue, Metro Mn, o##tte!r?e $use of sreton n !rntn! te #oton to ;us tenfor#ton n te CR&M&NA" CAE n n s#ssn! te s se.

8.. o. 1%"*))

'e Fn ts etton to $e @tout #ert. e ettoner s#ser$: fe to so@ tt te Court of Aes o##tte n:re?ers$e error n ts sse eson of 29 No?e#$er 1991.

&t @s u: est$se tt on 1 Ar 1990, te ettonerstru @t )te No. CCOL322 @s o#n! out fro# te ettonersu#$er:r oe @t un n #! u#$er of er or e#o:ee $: eton 80 of ).%. No. 70, s#ene $: ).%. No. 177. en, too, s orret: e $: te trourt n te Court of Aes n te &R C&K&" CAE, te ser@s onute on #o?n! ?ee. u ser ou $e @fu:onute @tout ser @rrnt.


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er of #o?n! ?ee s one of te F?e otrn:ete eetons to te onsttuton #nte 34 tt noser or seure s $e #e eet $: ?rtue of @rrnt ssue$: u!e fter erson: eter#nn! te estene of ro$$euse. e oter eetons re 51 ser s n nent to @furrest, 52 seure of e?ene n n ?e@, 53 usto#s seres,n 54 onsente @rrntess ser. 3

'e so >r# te run!s of $ot te tr ourt n te Court of Aes tt te ser on 4 Ar 1990 @s ontnuton of teser on 3 Ar 1990 one uner n $: ?rtue of te ser@rrnt ssue on 3 Ar 1990 $: Eeut?e Ju!e *soro.

+nereton 9, Rue 126 of te Rues of Court, ser @rrnts fet#e of ten :s. /ene, t ou $e ser?e t n: t#e@tn te s ero, n f ts o$et or urose nnot $eo#se n one :, te s#e #: $e ontnue te foo@n!: or :s unt o#ete. us, @en te ser uner @rrnton one : @s nterrute, t #: $e ontnue uner te s#e@rrnt te foo@n! :, ro?e t s st @tn te tenL:ero. 36

As to te Fn e of te ettoner tt te ser @s e!$euse ossesson of u#$er @tout te re;ure e! ou#entss not e! uner eton 68 of ).%. No. 70, s #ene,sne lumber s neter seFe teren nor nue n te


31



32/54

ter# forest product , te s#e r: #erts furter susson n?e@ of our run! n G.R. No. 106424.

8.. o. 123')"

e e!tons n r!u#ents set fort n te etton n ts

se $: f to so@ prima facie tt re?ers$e error s$een o##tte $: te Court of Aes n ts en!e esonof 31 Ju: 199 n resouton of 6 e$rur: 1996 n CALG.R. ) No.33778. 'e #ust, fort@t, en: t for utter @nt of #ert. ere sno nee to re;ure te resonents to o##ent on te etton.

e Court of Aes orret: s#sse te ettoners efro# te u!#ent of te tr ourt n te EC*N% C&K&" CAE. eettoner ne?er sute te ft tt ts u#$erLeers ense orer#t $een susene $: eretr: torn on 23 Ar 1990.

e susenson @s ne?er fte, n sne te ense on: fet#e of u to 2 ete#$er 1990, te ettoner s $soute:no r!t to ossess, se, or oter@se sose of u#$er.Aorn!:, eretr: torn or s utore reresentt?e

te utort: to see te u#$er ursunt to eton 68LAof ).%. No. 70, s #ene, @ ro?es s foo@s

eton 68LA. dministrative uthority of the Department =ead or his Duly uthori6ed epresentative to rder /on5scation. &n ses of ?otons of ts Coe or oter


32



33/54

forest @s, rues n re!utons, te %ert#ent /e ors u: utore reresentt?e #: orer teonFston of n: forest routs e!: ut, !tere,re#o?e, or ossesse or $none . . . .

e ettoners nsstene tt ossesson or se of u#$er s

not ene #ust so f n ?e@ of our s;uston n run! onte s#e ssue n G.R. No. 106424. Beses, te ssue s tot:rree?nt n te EC*N% C&K&" CAE @ n?o?es #nstrt?eseure s onse;uene of te ?oton of te susenson of teettoners ense s u#$er eer.

A to ten, G.R. No. 104988 n G.R. No. 123784 re notn!#ore tn rtus to o?er u $tnt ?otons of te Re?seorestr: Coe of te )nes 5).%. No. 70, s #ene. e:re resu#$: trn! tte#ts to $o te serous e


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erson @o res to ?ote our @s for te utton nroteton of our forests.

'/ERE*RE, u!#ent s ere$: renere

1. 5 GRAN&NG te etton n G.R. No. 106424( 5$ E&NG

A&%E n ANN+""&NG, for ?n! $een renere @t !r?e $useof sreton, te en!e orers of 16 Au!ust 1991 n 18*to$er 1991 of resonent Ju!e erest %onLCuon!, Brn172, Re!on r Court of Kenue, Metro Mn, n Cr#nCse No. 324LKL91, entte =9eople of the 9hilippines vs. i /huy 9o=( 5 RE&NA&NG te nfor#ton n te s r#n se( n5 %&REC&NG te resonent Ju!e or er suessor to er n

ee te se @t urosefu st( n2. %ENH&NG te ettons n G.R. No. 104988 n n G.R. No.

123784 for utter fure of te ettoner to so@ tt teresonent Court of Aes o##tte n: re?ers$e error n teen!e esons of 29 No?e#$er 1991 n CALG.R. ) No. 210n te &R C&K&" CAE n of 31 Ju: 199 n CALG.R. ) No. 33778

n te EC*N% C&K&" CAE.Costs !nst te ettoner n e of tese tree ses.

* *R%ERE%.


3"


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arvasa, /. (., 9adilla, egalado, omero, >ellosillo, 4elo, 9uno,?apunan, 4endo6a, Francisco, =ermosisima, (r.,9anganiban n orres, (r., ((., onur.

Separate Op#n#n'

+ITUG, ( ., dissenting

e roseuton sees, n ts etton for re?e@ on certiorari nG.R. No. 106424, te nnu#ent of te 16t Au!ust 1991 *rer of resonent Ju!e !rntn! te #oton of r?te resonent RCu: )o to ;us te nfor#ton tt s r!e # @t te

Koton of eton 68 of )resent %eree 5=)%= No. 705oter@se no@n s te orestr: Refor# Coe, s #ene $:Eeut?e *rer [=E*=] No. 277 0 n te 18t *to$er 1991*rer en:n! ettoners #oton for reonserton.

e nfor#ton of 04 June 1991, ontnn! te e!enutor: fts !nst r?te resonent, res

=e uners!ne tte )roseutor ere$: uses R&C/+H )* of te r#e of ?oton of eton 68, )resent%eree No. 70, s #ene $: Eeut?e *rer No. 277,eres of 1987, o##tte s foo@s


3#

https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/14291?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=14291&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=25546&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12101&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=20716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21946&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=3220&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=28344&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=24653&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=50414&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12978&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11329&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6173&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=52010&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12679&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=51665&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10235&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11431&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=20208&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11121&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=mustang&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/24861https://cdasiaonline.com/jurisprudences/14291?hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=14291&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=25546&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12101&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=20716&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=21946&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=3220&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=28344&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=24653&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=50414&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12978&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11329&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=6173&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=52010&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=12679&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=51665&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=10235&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11431&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=20208&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=11121&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&hits%5B%5D%5Bid%5D=53708&hits%5B%5D%5Btype%5D=Jurisprudence&path=%2Fjurisprudences%2Fsearch&q%5Bcitation_finder%5D=&q%5Bfull_text%5D=mustang&q%5Bissue_no%5D=&q%5Bponente%5D=&q%5Bsyllabus%5D=&q%5Btitle%5D=&q%5Butf8%5D=%E2%9C%93&q%5Byear_end%5D=&q%5Byear_start%5D=#footnote1_0https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/24861


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=t on or $out te 3r : of Ar 1990, or rorto or su$se;uent tereto, @tn te re#ses n?nt: ofMustn! "u#$er, &n. n ortune %r?e, ortuneK!e, Kenue, Metro Mn, n @tn te

urston of ts /onor$e Court, te $o?eLn#euse, ten n tere @fu:, feonous: nun@fu:, ?e n s ossesson truos of #!n un n ro#te: 200,000 $. ft. of u#$ern sorts of ?rous sees nun! #! nsu, @tout te e! ou#ents s re;ure unerestn! forest @s n re!utons.

=C*NRARH * "A'.= 2)r?te resonent, on 10 Ju: 1991, #o?e for te ;us of

te nfor#ton on te !roun tt te fts o#rsn! te r!e not #ount to r#n o


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;us te nfor#ton. &t rue tt, une te ossesson of =t#$eror oter forest routs= 5@tout suortn! e! ou#ents, te#ere ossesson of =u#$er= not tsef $een ere r#no


38/54

Crur No. 10, eres of 1983, rFe $: %ENR Me#ornu# No.12, eres of 1988, re;ures ertFte of u#$er or!n 5=C"*=on: on u#$er se outse te ro?ne, t: or te !reterMn re to noter ro?ne or t: or, n eu of C"*, nn?oe to o#n: u#$er s#ent fro# e!t#te soures f

te or!n n estnton onts re $ot @tn te !reter Mnre or @tn te s#e ro?ne or t:, n not, e n te nstntse, @ere te u#$er s not re#o?e fro# te u#$er :r.

)ettoner ounters 51 tt te almaciga,supa n lauan u#$er routs foun n te o#ounof Mustn! "u#$er, &n., re nue n eton 68, )% 70, s

#ene $: E* No. 277, te ossesson of @ @tout re;ustee! ou#ents s ene uner eton 3.2 of %ENR A#nstrt?e *rer No. 19, eres of 1989, te 17 Mr1989, tt eFnes =u#$er= to $e

=. . . so @oo not furter #nufture oter tn s@n!,res@n!, nLr:n! n ssn! en!t@se trou! stnr nn! #ne, nun! $oues or une!eu#$er(=

n =t#$er,= uner eton 1.11 of %ENR A#nstrt?e *rer No.80, eres of 1987, te 28 %ee#$er 1987, to $e


3)



39/54

=. . . n: ee of @oo ?n! n ?er!e #eter of test 1 ent#eters n t 1. #eters on!, eet #n!ro?e sees @ n ses, s $e onsere st#$er re!ress of se(=

@ #: eter $e ;ure t#$er 5or t#$er s;ure @t n oroter s#r #en r toos n te forest n @fro# te se of te ee n te rter of te @oo so$?ous: unFt for use n tt for# 5e. 1.10 %ENRA#nstrt?e *rer No. 80, eres of 1987, te %ee#$er28, 1987( or

$ Mnufture t#$er 5or t#$er oter tn roun ns;ure t#$er s nue o!s on!tun: s@n ntoees, e?en f on: to ftte trnsortn! or un!, s@e s s@n routs, t#$er e@n or oter@se@ore to ro#te ts Fnse for#, su s ouseosts, s ees, #ne ros, tes, tro: oes, $ns,

trou!s, $o@s, rt @ees, t$e tos n oter s#rrtes 5e. 2.26, %ENR A#nstrt?e *rer No. 0, eresof 1986, te No?e#$er 11, 1986.

52 tt to eue =u#$er= uner eton 68 of )% 70 @ou$e to efet te urose of te @, i.e., to sto or #n#e e!


3*



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o!!n! tt s resute n te r enuton of forestresoures( 53 tt te # of r?te resonent tt C"* sre;ure on: uon te trnsortton or s#ent of u#$er, nnot @en u#$er s #ere: store n o#oun, ontr?enes tero?sons of eton 68 of )% 70( 54 tt te fure to so@ n:

C"* or oter e! ou#ent re;ure $: #nstrt?e ssunesrses te resu#ton tt te u#$er s $een se orree?e fro# e! soures( n, 5 tt te eson of te RC nC? Cse No. 90L3648 sustnn! te e!t: of te seure srenere #oot n: oss$e reu ssue to te nstnt se.

e re n erne ssue ten $rou!t u $: te rtes n G.R.

No. 106424, s @e s n te t@o onsote ses 5G.R. No.104988 n G.R. No. 123784, s @eter or not te ter# =t#$er oroter forest routs= te ossesson of @ @tout te re;uree! ou#ents @ou $e r#n o


41/54

nnees $efore te Court, o@e?er, @ou nte tt on: u#$ers $een en?sone n te nt#ent. or nstne

5 e ertnent ortons of te ont >?t of Meeno Jo?, Jr., n Ar#n Been!, 3 su$sr$e ns@orn to $efore tte )roseutor Cro Areno, uon @$ss te tter reo##ene te Fn! of te nfor#ton,re, s foo@s

=t urn! te @eeen, 5Ar 1 n 2, 1990 teseurt: et fro# our !en: ontnue to #ontor tet?tes nse te o#oun n n ft reenen ter on $rou!t to te %ENR o#oun sL@eeer tru loaded :ith almaciga and lauanlumber fter te tru r?er fe to roue n:ou#ents o?ern! te s#ent(

=

=t @e re eeutn! ts >?t n orer to o!e

r#n o#nt !nst Mr. R Cu: )o, o@nerof Mustn!"u#$er for ?oton of eton 68, ).%. 70,s #ene $: Eeut?e *rer 277, ?n! nts possession prohibited :ood products and :ood

M%'tan- L%m4er, Inc. ". C%rt ! Appea&' "1



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products :ithout the reAuired documents.= 4 5E#sssue

5$ e resouton, te 14 M: 1991, ssue $:&n?est!tn! )roseutor Areno, ro?e $:+nerseretr: of Juste ?estre Beo &&&, onFr#e tt

=. . . *n Ar 1 n 2, 1990, te seurt: et ontnue to#ontor te t?tes nse te o#oun n n ftreene sL@eeer tru o#n! fro# te o#ounof Mustn! oe @t #! n un u#$er @toutte neessr: e! ou#ents o?ern! te s#ent.=

5 e 23r Ar 1990 *rer of ten %ENR eretr:u!eno torn, susenn! te CertFte of Re!strtonNo. NR%L4L09290L0469 of Mustn! "u#$er, &n., @s ssue$euse of, #on! oter tn!s, te tters possession of almaciga lumber @tout te re;ure ou#ents. 6

5 e su$se;uent 03r M: 1990 *rer, e@se ssue$: eretr: torn, utore te onFston of

ro#te: 311,000 $or feet of lauan, supa andalmaciga lumber , sorts n sts of ?rous ses n#ensons o@ne $:Mustn! "u#$er, &n. 7

5e e o#nt Fe on 27 Ju: 1990 $: Knent A.Ro$es, Cef, )&CPA&%, %ENR, $efore te %ert#ent of



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Juste, Mn, !nst r?te resonent @sfor possession of lauan and almaciga lumber @toutre;ure e! ou#ents, 8 n ?oton of ).%. 70, s#ene $: E* 277.

5f e roseuton, n ts ooston to r?teresonents #oton to ;us, sou!t to r!ue tt teossesson of @almaciga supa and lauan lumber foun n teo#oun of Mustn! "u#$er, &n.,= 9 @s o?ere $: teen ro?sons of ).%. 70, s #ene, ursunt to eton32 of %ENR A#nstrt?e *rer No. 19, eres of 1989.

&nee, te nstnt etton tsef ;uestons te ;us orer of

te ourt a Auo soe: on te tess tt =u#$er= sou $e e to$e #on! te te#s tt re $nne uner eton 68 of )% 70.

'e !ener: ftu #tters outse of te nfor#tonsou not @e! n reso?n! #oton to ;us foo@n! testnn! rue tt te allegations of the information #ust one $eonsere n sou not $e en!e, tere sou, o@e?er, $e

no serous o$etons to tn! nto ount ton nrFtor: fts @, tou! not #e out n te nfor#ton,re #tte, onee, or not ene $: te rtes. As er: ste se of 9eople vs. avarro, 10 reterte n 9eople vs. Delaosa, 11 te Court s oson to en


https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/26235https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/26235https://cdasiaonline.com/laws/17834


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=. . . &t @ou see# to $e ure tent: to o tt nte onserton of te #oton te rtes n te u!e@ere reue fro# onsern! fts @ te Fs#tte to $e true, s#: $euse te: @ere not esr$en te o#nt. *f ourse, t #: $e e tt uon

s#r #otons te ourt n te Fs re not re;ure to!o $e:on te ?er#ents of te nfor#ton, nor s te tterto $e n?e!e nto re#ture n rs: re?eton of se?ene. But @e see no reson to ro$t te Fs fro##n!, n nor, #ssons of unen$e fts,$euse te rne n ne?er $e su>ent: reterte

tt su o>s roe s to see tt uste s one not tt use re on?te, $ut tt te !ut: re ust:unse. "ess reson n tere $e to ro$t te ourt fro#onsern! tose #ssons, n en! orn!:, nte nterest of see: #nstrton of uste.=

An no@ on te #n su$stnt?e ssue.

eton 68 of )% 70, s #ene $: E* No. 277, res

=eton 68. /utting, 8athering and;or /ollecting imber or ther Forest 9roducts


45/54

sos$e u$ n, or fro# r?te n, @tout n:utort:, or ossess t#$er or oter forest routs @toutte e! ou#ents s re;ure uner estn! forest @sn re!utons, s $e unse @t te entes#ose uner Artes 309 n 310 of te Re?se )en

Coe )ro?e, t n te se of rtnerss,ssotons, or orortons, te o>ers @o orere teuttn!, !tern!, oeton or ossesson s $e $e,n f su o>ers re ens, te: s, n ton to teent:, $e eorte @tout furter roeen!s on te rtof te Co##sson on #!rton n %eortton.

=e Court s furter orer te onFston n f?or of te !o?ern#ent of te t#$er or n: forest routs ut,!tere, oete, re#o?e, or ossesse, s @e s te#ner:, e;u#ent, #e#ents n toos e!: usen te re @ere te t#$er or forest routs re foun.=

& !ree @t te ourt a Auo tt te o?er!e of eton 68, )%70, s so #ene, s et, n t s onFne to =t#$er noter forest routs.= eton 35; of te eree eFnes =forestrout= to #en

=5; . . . timber , u@oo, Fre@oo, $r, tree to, resn,!u#, @oo, o, one:, $ees@, n, rttn, or other forest

M%'tan- L%m4er, Inc. ". C%rt ! Appea&' "#



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gro:thsu s !rss, sru$, n o@ern! nt, tessote @ter, Fs, !#e, sen, stor, reretonn !eoo! resoures n forest ns= 5E#ss sue(

n stn!uses t, n orreton @t eton 35 of te @,fro# tt @ s uner!one roessn!. &n eFnn! =roessn! nt,= ts seton of te eree os t to refer to

=. . . n: #en setLu, #ne or o#$nton of #ne use for te roessn! of o!s n oter forest r@#ters ntolumber , ?eneer, :@oo, @$or,$$or, er $or, u, er or oter Fnse @oorouts= 5E#ss sue.

&n Fne, t#$er s so ssFe, uner eton 35; of te @, s forest rout, @e u#$er s $een te!ore, uner eton 35, #on! te ?rous Fnse @oo routs.

e ?rous %ENR ssunes, te $: te otor Gener, to@t

51 eton 1.11 of te %ENR *rer No. 80, te 28 %ee#$er

1987, eres of 1987, @ eFnes =t#$er= to $e =. . . n: ee of @oo ?n! n ?er!e #eter of t

est 1 ent#eters n t 1. #eters on!, eet #n!ro?e sees @ n ses, s $e onsere st#$er re!ress of se=( 12 or

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52 eton 3.2 of %ENR A#nstrt?e *rer No. 19, te 17Mr 1989, eres of 1989, sttn! tt =u#$er= nues

=. . . so @oo not furter #nufture oter tn s@n!,res@n!, nLr:n! n ssn! en!t@se trou! stnr nn! #ne, nun! $oues or une!eu#$er=( n

53 %ENR Me#ornu# *rer No. 36, eres of 1988, te 06M: 1988, to te e


48/54

ne?erteess, tt & o rete te @eL#ent rtone of %ENRMe#ornu# *rer No. 36, eres of 1988, for, nee, te nee forreser?n! @te?er re#ns of te ountr:s forest reser?es nne?er no@ $e fu: e#se. +nt roer: resse nee, te ontnue enuton of forest resoures, re:

no@n to $e te use of no fe@ ssters, s @e s of unto ossof ?es n roert:, ou @e $e on en te eete orer of te :. &, terefore, on tose @o for te ss!e of re#e e!ston $efore te ro$e# tru: $eo#es rre?ers$e.

Ftnte'1.ollo, G.R. No. 10493, 37L38.

2.+d., 40.

3.ollo, G.R. No. 106424, 6.

4.+d., G.R. No. 104988, 38.

.+d.

6.+d., 39.

7.ollo, G.R. No. 104988, 39.

8.+d., 40.

9.ollo, G.R. 104988, 40L41.

10.ollo, G.R. No. 123784, 26L27.M%'tan- L%m4er, Inc. ". C%rt ! Appea&'

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mustang lumber, inc. v. court of appeals

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