Muslim AchievementMuslim Achievement

Chapter 10 Section 3Chapter 10 Section 3

Page 242Page 242

Muslim SocietyMuslim Society

Riches were flowing into empire from Riches were flowing into empire from Africa, Asia and EuropeAfrica, Asia and Europe

This allowed Muslim rulers to build This allowed Muslim rulers to build luxurious citiesluxurious cities

There, scholars preserved existing There, scholars preserved existing knowledge and produced enormous knowledge and produced enormous amounts of learningamounts of learning

Urban centers symbolized the Urban centers symbolized the strength of the dynastystrength of the dynasty

The centers were very impressiveThe centers were very impressive

Sophisticated CultureSophisticated Culture

Centers of learning were located Centers of learning were located throughout the Muslim empire in throughout the Muslim empire in Syria, Persia, Spain, and EgyptSyria, Persia, Spain, and Egypt

Many cultural traditions combined Many cultural traditions combined with Arabic culture to create an with Arabic culture to create an international flavorinternational flavor

Muslim society was one of the most Muslim society was one of the most sophisticated society in the worldsophisticated society in the world

BaghdadBaghdad

Baghdad had a circular design Baghdad had a circular design formed by 3 protective wallsformed by 3 protective walls

The caliph’s palace was made of The caliph’s palace was made of stone and marble and was in the stone and marble and was in the center circle along with a grand center circle along with a grand mosquemosque

A market place was outside the wallsA market place was outside the walls Population was 1 million at its peakPopulation was 1 million at its peak

The Round City of BaghdadThe Round City of Baghdad

4 Social Classes4 Social Classes

Upper class-Upper class- born Muslim born Muslim 22ndnd class- class- Converts to Islam Converts to Islam -paid higher tax than upper -paid higher tax than upper class, but lower than non-class, but lower than non- MuslimMuslim 33rdrd class- class- “protected” people like “protected” people like Jews and ChristiansJews and Christians Lowest class-Lowest class- slaves who were prisoners of slaves who were prisoners of

war or non-Muslimswar or non-Muslims

WomenWomen According to the Qur’an, “men are According to the Qur’an, “men are

the managers of the affairs of the managers of the affairs of women”women”

Also declares that men and women Also declares that men and women who are believers are equalwho are believers are equal

Muslim women had more rights than Muslim women had more rights than European women in ancient timesEuropean women in ancient times

Power of Knowledge Power of Knowledge

Rulers wanted the best doctors Rulers wanted the best doctors treating their sick and injuredtreating their sick and injured

Relied on mathematicians and Relied on mathematicians and astronomers to calculate times for astronomers to calculate times for prayer and direction of Meccaprayer and direction of Mecca

Had a desire for truth and knowledgeHad a desire for truth and knowledge Muhammad himself believed in the Muhammad himself believed in the

power of learningpower of learning

House of WisdomHouse of Wisdom

After the fall of Rome, Europe had a period After the fall of Rome, Europe had a period where scholarship sufferedwhere scholarship suffered

Muslim leaders preserved and expanded Muslim leaders preserved and expanded scientific knowledgescientific knowledge

In the 800s a combination library, In the 800s a combination library, academy and translation center opened in academy and translation center opened in BaghdadBaghdad

Was called the House of Wisdom where Was called the House of Wisdom where scholars would translate Greek, Indian and scholars would translate Greek, Indian and Persian texts in ArabicPersian texts in Arabic

Remains of House of WisdomRemains of House of Wisdom

Arts and Sciences in Muslim WorldArts and Sciences in Muslim World

Scholars at House of Wisdom Scholars at House of Wisdom included researchers, editors, included researchers, editors, linguists and technical advisorslinguists and technical advisors

Developed standards for research Developed standards for research that exist even todaythat exist even today

Muslim contributions most Muslim contributions most recognizable in recognizable in medicine, math and medicine, math and astronomyastronomy

Medical AdvancesMedical Advances Persian scholar al-Razi (Rhazes) was the Persian scholar al-Razi (Rhazes) was the

greatest physician of Muslim worldgreatest physician of Muslim world Wrote several books including Wrote several books including Treatise on Treatise on

Smallpox and Measles Smallpox and Measles Al-Razi believed that patients would Al-Razi believed that patients would

recover more quickly if breathing in clean recover more quickly if breathing in clean airair

Based theory on experiment of hanging Based theory on experiment of hanging shreds of meat around Baghdad and shreds of meat around Baghdad and observed which ones spoiled slowly due to observed which ones spoiled slowly due to clean airclean air

An ancient diagram of the human muscle systemAn ancient diagram of the human muscle system

An illustration indicating where scalp incisions An illustration indicating where scalp incisions should be madeshould be made

Muslim scientists preferred to solve Muslim scientists preferred to solve problems by conducting experiments problems by conducting experiments in laboratoriesin laboratories

20 Greatest Inventions by Muslim Scientists 20 Greatest Inventions by Muslim Scientists

http://www.doodhpattiblogs.com/20-greatest-inventihttp://www.doodhpattiblogs.com/20-greatest-inventions-by-muslim-scientistsons-by-muslim-scientists

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Muslim MathematiciansMuslim Mathematicians

Believed mathematics was the basis Believed mathematics was the basis of all knowledge of all knowledge

Mathematician Al- Khwarizmi wrote Mathematician Al- Khwarizmi wrote textbook in the 800s explaining ‘art textbook in the 800s explaining ‘art of bringing together unknowns to of bringing together unknowns to match an unknown quantity” calling match an unknown quantity” calling this technique al-jabr….or algebrathis technique al-jabr….or algebra

AstronomyAstronomy Muslim observatories Muslim observatories

charted stars, comets charted stars, comets and planetsand planets

This is an armillary This is an armillary spheresphere

By aligning the top By aligning the top rings with various rings with various stars, astronomers stars, astronomers could calculate the could calculate the time of day or yeartime of day or year

PhilosophyPhilosophy

Scholars translated works of Aristotle Scholars translated works of Aristotle and Plato at the House of Wisdom and Plato at the House of Wisdom into Arabicinto Arabic

Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd argued Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd argued that Greek philosophy and Islam both that Greek philosophy and Islam both had the same goal: to find the truth, had the same goal: to find the truth, but was attacked for many of his but was attacked for many of his ideasideas

LiteratureLiterature

Literature was a strong tradition in Literature was a strong tradition in Arabia before IslamArabia before Islam

Bedouin poets composed poems Bedouin poets composed poems celebrating ideals such as bravery, celebrating ideals such as bravery, love, generosity, and hospitalitylove, generosity, and hospitality

Popular literature included Popular literature included A A Thousand and One Nights,Thousand and One Nights, a a collection of fairy tales and legendscollection of fairy tales and legends

A Thousand and One NightsA Thousand and One Nights The premise of the collection is that a king The premise of the collection is that a king

who has killed his unfaithful wife and is who has killed his unfaithful wife and is determined to marry and kill a new wife determined to marry and kill a new wife everydayeveryday

A daughter of the kings vizier (government A daughter of the kings vizier (government official) has a plan to end his madnessofficial) has a plan to end his madness

She marries the king and begins telling a She marries the king and begins telling a story every eveningstory every evening

Hoping to hear the end of the story the Hoping to hear the end of the story the next day, the king keeps delaying her next day, the king keeps delaying her execution and finally gives up his execution and finally gives up his murderous waysmurderous ways

ArtArt

Art styles were appreciated but Art styles were appreciated but tweaked because it was not ok to tweaked because it was not ok to draw living beingsdraw living beings

Based this idea that only Allah Based this idea that only Allah creates lifecreates life

Many artists turned to calligraphy, Many artists turned to calligraphy, the art of beautiful handwritingthe art of beautiful handwriting

Much of the Muslim calligraphy Much of the Muslim calligraphy incorporates verses from the Qur’anincorporates verses from the Qur’an

ArchitectureArchitecture

Greatest example of cultural Greatest example of cultural blending of the Muslim worldblending of the Muslim world

Location of the building reflected the Location of the building reflected the culture of the people thereculture of the people there

Used features popular to each area Used features popular to each area like arches, domes and heating like arches, domes and heating systemssystems

Lasting EffectsLasting Effects

Though the unified Muslim state Though the unified Muslim state broke up, Muslim culture continuedbroke up, Muslim culture continued

Three Muslim empires, The Ottoman, Three Muslim empires, The Ottoman, the Safavid, and the Mughal would the Safavid, and the Mughal would emerge and reflect the blended emerge and reflect the blended culture of this timeculture of this time