General Rules: Keep the common tone Double the root except in 1st inversion chords and diminished chords Double bass note if you cant double the root Rules for chords in root position: For chords that lie a 4th or 5th apart: Keep the common tone If you cant keep the common tone, move all upper voices in similar motion to nearest chord tone (upper voices: soprano, alto, tenor) For chords roots that are 3rd apart: Keep both common tones and move remaining voices stepwise For chord roots that are 2nd apart Move upper voices in contrary motion to the bass When chords are repeated: Double root Follow range Dont cross voices It is OK to keep all same notes in same voices

1st Inversion Chords Double any note that helps with smooth voice leading (usually soprano and sometimes bass). NEVER DOUBLE THE LEADING TONE. For diminished 1st inversion chords (and diminished chords will always be in first inversion) double the 3rd or 5th. All other voices should move stepwise. Avoid horizontal tritone skips. 2nd Inversion Chords

Cadential o I (six four) to II to I Passing o I to V (six four) to I (six) o IV to I (six four) to IV (six) Arpegiated o I to I (six) to I (six four) to IV (six) Pedal o I to I 9six four) to I o V to I (six four) to V NOTE: You may omit 3rd in final chord of cadence, may omit 5th in penultimate chord of cadence. Allowable ranges: Bass to tenor: no more than 12th Tenor to alto: octave Alto to soprano: octave