musculoskeletal system - bones homeostasis bone function bone structure bone growth

14
Musculoskeletal System Musculoskeletal System - Bones - Bones Homeostasis Bone Function Bone Structure Bone Growth

Upload: david-owen

Post on 29-Dec-2015

226 views

Category:

Documents


5 download

TRANSCRIPT

Musculoskeletal System - Musculoskeletal System - BonesBones

HomeostasisBone FunctionBone StructureBone Growth

HomeostasisHomeostasis

“steady state” Need to maintain

balance between intracellular and extracellular fluid.

3 points: Each cell metabolizes All cells contribute to

the body Combined

contributions = stable ECF

HomeostasisHomeostasis

3 players Sensory receptor: sense

change in environment; ex) neurons

Integrator: processes info; ex) brain

Effectors: carry out response; ex) muscles and glands

2 types of feedback: Negative and Positive

HomeostasisHomeostasis

Negative Feedback Reverses the altered condition Ex) maintaining body temperature

Positive Feedback Intensify the

change from the original condition

Ex) oxytocin in giving birth

Bone FunctionBone Function

5 major functions Movement Support Protection Mineral Storage Blood cell

formation

Bone StructureBone Structure

Made of both living and non-living cells

Living= osteocytes

Non-living = mineralized matrix of collagen, protein, carbs, and lacunae

Bone StructureBone Structure

2 kinds of bone tissue:1. Compact bone:

Outside of bones Dense & solid Made of collagen =

tensile strength Made of osteons which

surround canals that carry blood vessels and nerves

2. Spongy Bone: Inside Flattened struts Can contain red marrow

which makes blood cells Can contain yellow

marrow

Bone StructureBone Structure

Red bone marrow = makes red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells

Yellow bone marrow = consists mainly of fat cells. Can be converted back to red marrow.

Bone GrowthBone Growth

Start with cartilage template

Growth continues at epiphyses; triggered by GH

Remodeling= the process of growing or breaking down bone tissue

Osteoblasts = deposit bone Calcitonin triggers uptake

and production Osteoclasts = breakdown

PTH triggers enzyme production that breaks down bone

Bone GrowthBone Growth

The skeletal system helps maintain Calcium level homeostasis.

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp42/4202003.html

SkeletonSkeleton

206 bones Divided into:

Axial Skeleton Head to toe vertical

axis Appendicular Skeleton

Hanging appendages Ligaments

Connect bone to bone Tendons

Connect muscle to bone

Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton

Down the center of the skeleton: Skull Vertebrae Ribs Sternum

Appendicular SkeletonAppendicular Skeleton

The appendages of the body.

Pectoral Girdle: Ex) shoulder

blade, arm bones, and fingers

Pelvic Girdle Ex) pelvis, leg

bones, and toes

Joints

Areas of contact/near contact between bones.

3 types: Synovial

Have a cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Most flexible joints Ex) knee

Cartilaginous Somewhat flexible Ex) disk b/w vertebrae

Fibrous No cavity b/w bones Not flexible Ex) skull bones Fibrous: A & B.

Cartilaginous C & D Synovial E - J