Muscles of thigh

D.Rania GabrD.Sama.D.Elsherbiny

Objectives• Know the type and formation of hip joint.• Differentiate the stability and mobility between the hip joint

and shoulder joint. • Identify the muscles that act at the hip joint.

• Identify the muscles of the thigh in terms of their origin,

insertion, nerve supply and actions.

• Explain the relationships of contents of the femoral triangle to

each other & to the surrounding bone and soft tissue

landmarks.

Anterior compartment(Quadriceps femoris muscle)(Extensor group)

Femoral nerveFemur

Posterior compartment(Hamstring muscles)(Flexor group)

Sciatic nerve

Medial compartment(Adductor muscles)

Obturator nerve

Deep fascia

Compartments of the thigh

MUSCLES:

1. Adductor longus

2. Adductor brevis

3. Adductor magnus (Adductor part)

4. GracilisACTION:

adduction of hip joint

N.B.: Gracilis also flexes knee jointNERVE SUPPLY:

obturator nerve

Adductor magnus(Adductor portion)

Medial Compartment of Thigh

1

2

34

Adductor magnus(Hamstring portions)

1

2

34

Adductor group

Pectineus

Adductor longus

Gracilis

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Medial Compartment

InsertionPosterior border of femur (Linea Aspera)

Upper part of medialsurface of tibia

(behind sartorius)

Adductor longus Adductor brevisAdductor magnus(adductor portion)

Gracilis

OriginBody of pubis Body of pubis

Inferior pubic ramus

Inferior pubic ramusIschial ramus

Adductor hiatus

Hamstring hiatus

Adductor part

Medial Compartment

Blood Supply:Obturator artery:Branch of internal iliac artery.

Anterior Compartment of Thigh

Vastus Intermedius(deep to rectus femoris)

12

3

1

4

2

3

4

Flexor of the hip:

1. Sartorius

2. Pectineus

3. Psoas major

4. Iliacus Extensors of knee (Quadriceps

femoris):

1. Rectus femoris

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Vastus medialis

4. Vastus intermedius Nerve supply: Femoral nerve

Sartorius

Origin

Insertion

Action (TAILOR’S POSITION)Flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of hip jointFlexion of knee joint

Pectineus

ACTION:Flexion & adduction of hip joint

Pectineal surface

Pectineal line

Ilio-psoas

Action:Flexion & medial rotaion of hip joint

Lesser trochanter

P

I

Quadriceps Femoris

1. Rectus femoris2. Vastus medialis3. Vastus lateralis4. Vastus intermedius

Origin ofRectus femoris

Straighthead

Reflected head

Vastusmedialis

Vastuslateralis

Vastusintermedius

Articularisgenu

Origin of vasti

Ligamentumpatellae

Patella

Insertion

ACTION:Extension of knee jointRectus femoris (flexion of hip)

Femoral TriangleDef: It is a deep hollow in the Upper third of front of thigh inferior to the inguinal ligament

Boundaries Base: Inguinal ligament Medial: Medial border of the adductor

longus muscle Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius

muscle Floor: (from media to lateral)

• adductor longus • Pectineus • Psoas major• Iliacus

• Roof: Skin, superficial & deep fascia.

PectineusIliopsoas

Sartorius

Adductorlongus

Inguinalligament

Floor of femoral triangle

Pectineus

Psoasmajor

Iliacus

Contents of femoral triangleContents of femoral triangle

Femoral a. +its br+ .

sympatheticplexus

Femoral v. +its tribut.

Femoral n.+its br.

Femoral sheath

Lat. cut. n.of the thigh

Femoral br.of genito-

femoral n.

Deep inguinalL.N.

Femoral sheath

Fasciatransversalis

Fasciailiaca

Femoralring

Femoral canal

Lacunarlig.

Inguinallig.

Femoral septum

Femoral hernia

Anterior Compartment

Blood Supply:Femoral Artery:

DEFINITION: an aponeurotic tunnel for femoral artery & veinSITE: In middle third of front of thigh deep to sartoriusEXTENT: From apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatusBOUNDARIES:

Roof (Anterior): Sartorius (medially) and vastus medialis (laterally) Floor (Posterior): Adductor longus & magnus

ADDUCTOR CANAL

(Subsartorial/Hunter’s canal) Adductor hiatus

Sub-sartorial canal(adductor canal)

Subsartorial canal

Middle1/3

Fibrousroof

FR

VM s

s

Add

s

VM

Add

Femoral vein

Femoral artery

Saphenous nerve

Nerve toVastus medialis

Descending genicular artery

mediallateral

Fibrous

roofVastus

medialis

Contents of adductor canal

Posterior Compartment Of The ThighHamstring muscles:1. Biceps femoris. 2. Semitendinosus.3. Semimembranosus.4. Ischial part of adductor

magnus.Action:5. Extend hip6. Flex kneeBlood supply: • profunda femoris artery.Nerve supply: • Sciatic nerve.

Semi-membranosus

Soleal line

Oblique poplitealligament

Ischieal tuberosity

Medial condyle of tibia

Action:1. Extend hip2. Flexion and medial

rotation of the knee

S G S

Semi-tendinosus

Upper medial surface of tibia

Ischieal tuberosity

Action:1. Extend hip2. Flexion and medial

rotation of the knee

Biceps femoris

Ischeal tubersoity

Styloid process of fibula

Action:1. Extend hip2. Flexion and lateral

rotation of the knee

B

STS

M Long head

Short head

Hamstring muscles

Adductor Magnus (Hamstring Part)

• Nerve supply: • The tibial portion of the

sciatic.• Action: • Extension of the hip joint.

BLOOD SUPPLY

• The four perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery.

NERVE SUPPLY Sciatic Nerve

Origin: L4 and 5; S1, 2, 3.

Course; descends between biceps femoris, semimembranosus muscles (posteriorly) and adductor magnus anteriorly.

Termination: In the lower third of the thigh it ends by dividing into the tibial and common peroneal nerves.

Psoas Major

Tensor Fascia Latae

Rectus Femoris

Adductor Longus

Sartorius

Vastus Medialis

Iliacus

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Intermedius DEEP TO RECTUS FEMORIS

Surface anatomy of the thigh

• Surface features of the Thigh– Sartorius muscle– Quadriceps femoris

muscle– Adductor longus muscle– Hamstring muscles– Femoral triangle

Q:Muscles which produce:1. Flexion hip and knee………..2. Extension hip and flexion knee……3. Flexion hip and extension knee…..