Origin Insertion Action

Abdominal Muscles

External Oblique Lumbodorsal fascia and posterior ribs

Pubis and Extensive neurosis which passes to the linea alba Constrictor of the Abdomen

Internal Oblique

2nd sheet of lumbodorsal fascia and border of pelvic girdle

Linea alba by the extensive aponeurosis Compressor of the Abdomen

Transversus

2nd sheet of lumbodorsal fascia and border of pelvic girdle

Linea alba by the extensive aponeurosis Compressor of the Abdomen

Rectus Abdominis Anterior end of pubic symphysis Sternum and costal cartilages

Retracts ribs and sternum and compreses abdomen

Epaxial Muscles

Multifidus Spinae

Sacrospinalis

Semispinalis Dorsi

Longissimus Cervicis

Iliocostalis

Chest Muscles

Pectoantibrachialis Manubrium Flat tendon on the fascia of the forearm Draws arm towards the chest

Pectoralis Major Sternum and median raphe Humerus Draws arm towards the chest

Pectoralis Minor Sternum Humerus Draws arm towards the chest

Xiphihumeralis Xiphoid process of sternum Humerus Draws arm towards the chest

Neck and Throat Muscles

Sternomastoid Median Raphe and Manubrium of sternum Lambdoidal ridge and mastoid process

Singly turns the head, together depresses head on neck

Sternohyoid First costal cartilage Body of hyoid bone Draw hyoid posteriorly

Cleidomastoid

Clavicle

Mastoid process

Pulls clavicle craniad, singly turns head, lowers head on neck

Clavobrachialis (Cephalobrachial)

Clavicle and fibers of Clavotrapezius Ulna Flexor of forearm

Masseter Zygomatic arch Posterior half of lateral surface of mandible Elevator of lower jaw

Temporalis

Side of skull from superior nuchal line to zygomatic process of frontal bone

Coronoid process of mandible

Elevator of lower jaw

Digastric Jugular and mastoid process Mandible Depressor of lower jaw

Mylohyoid Mandible Median raphe Raises floor of mouth and brings hyoid forward

Geniohyoid Mandible near symphysis Body of hyoid bone Draws hyoid forward

Sternothyroid Sternum Thyroid cartilage of the larynx Pulls larynx posteriorly

Thyrohyoid Thyroid cartilage Posterior horn of hyoid Raises the larynx

U.Back/Shoulder/Back of Neck Muscles

Latissismus dorsi

Neural spines of the last thoracic and most of lumbar vertebra and lumbodorsal fascia Medial surface of the humerus

Pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally

Spinotrapezius Neural spines of thoracic vertebra Fascia of the scapula

Draws scapula dorsad and caudad

Acromiotrapezius Neural spines of cervical and 1st thoracic vertebra

Metacromion process and spine of scapula and fascia of spinotapezius

Draws scapula dorsad and holds two scapula together

Clavotrapezius (Cephalobrachial)

Superior nuchal line and median dorsal line of neck Clavicle

Draws clavicle dorsad and craniad

Levator scapulae ventralis

Transverse process of atlas and occipital bone Metacromion process Draws scapula craniad

Rhomboideus Neural spines of vertebrae and adjacent ligaments Vertebral border of scapula Draws scapula dorsad

Rhomboideus capitis Superior nuchal line Scapula Draws scapula craniad and rotates it

Splenius Middorsal line and fascia Superior nuchal line Raises or turns the head

Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa Greater tuberosity of humerus Extends humerus

Acromiodeltoid Acromion process Surface of muscles of the shoulder Raise and rotate the humerus

Spinodeltoid Spine of scapula Deltoid ridge of humerus Raise and rotate the humerus

Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa Greater tuberosity of humerus Rotates the humerus

Teres major Axillary border of scapula Medial surface of humerus Rotates the humerus and lowers it

Teres minor Axillary border of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus Assists the infraspinatus (rotates the humerus)

Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Lesser tuberosity of humerus Pulls humerus medially

Serratus Ventralis First nine or ten ribs Scapula near vertebral border

Draws scapula craniad, ventrad and against thoracic wall

Levator Scapulae Transverse process of last five cervical vertebra Scapula near vertebral border

Draws scapula craniad, ventrad and against thoracic wall

Serratus Dorsalis Aponeurosis from median dorsal line Last ribs Draws ribs forward

Scalenes Ribs Transverse process of cervical vertebra

Draws ribs forward and bends the neck

External Intercostals Ribs Ribs Draws ribs forward

Internal Intercostals Ribs Ribs Draws ribs back

Arm Muscles

Triceps brachii (Long head) Axillary border of scapula Olecranon Extensor of forearm

Triceps brachi (Medial head)

Dorsal surface of the humerus

Olecranon Extensor of forearm

Triceps brachii (Lateral head)

Greater tuberosity of the humerus Olecranon Extensor of forearm

Anconeus Distal end of humerus Lateral surface of ulna Strengthens the elbow joint and rotates the ulna

Epithroclearis Latissimus dorsi Olecranon Extensor of forearm, rotates the ulna

Biceps brachii Glenoid fossa Radius Flexor of forearm

Brachialis Lateral surface of the humerus Ulna Flexor of forearm

Forearm Muscles

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and semilunar notch of the ulna

Proximal end of 5th metacarpal

Extends fifth digit and ulnar side of wrist

Extensor digitorum lateralis

Lateral surface of humerus above lateral epicondyle Three or four digits Extends the digits

Extensor digitorum communis

Lateral surface of humerus above lateral epicondyle Three or four digits Extends the digits

Extensor carpi radialis Humerus 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Extends hand

Pronator teres Medial epicondyle of humerus Radius Rotates radius to prone position

Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Flexes the metacarpals

Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Flat tendon passes to pads of palm and phalanges Flexor of digits

Flexor profundus digitorum Ulna and humerus Basal phalanges General flexor of fingers

Flerox carpi ulnaris

Medial epicondyle of humerus/olecranon process of ulna

Pisiform bone of the wrist

Flexes the ulnar side of wrist

Brachioradialis

Middle of humerus

Lower end of radius and adjacent ligaments

Rotates hand to supine position

Thigh Muscles

Tensor fasciae latae Ilium Fascia lata Tightens fascia lata

Biceps femoris Tuberosity of ischium Tendon on kneecap and fascia of the shank

Abductor of the thigh and flexor of the shank

Caudofemoralis Transverse process of second and third caudal vertebra Patella

Abductor of thigh and extensor of shank

Gluteus maximus Transverse proces last sacral and first caudal vertebra Fascia lata and Greater trochanter Abducts the thigh

Gluteus medius

Crest of ilium and lateral part of ilium, Transverse proces last sacral and first caudal vertebra Greater trochanter Abducts the thigh

Sartorius Crest and ventral border of ilium Tibia and patella

Adductor of thigh,rotator of thigh, extensor of shank

Vastus lateralis Greater trochanter and surface of femur Patella and adjacent ligaments Extensor of shank

Rectus femoris Ilium near acetabulum Patella and adjacent ligaments Extensor of shank

Vastus medialis Femur Patella and adjacent ligaments Extensor of shank

Vastus intermedius Surface of femur Patella and adjacent ligaments Extensor of shank

Gracilis Ischial and Pubic symphysis Aponeurosis which passes to tibia Adductor of leg

Adductor longus Pubis Femur Adductor of thigh

Adductor femoris Pubis Femur Adductor of thigh

Semimembranosus Ischium Medial epicondyle of femur and proximal end of tibia Extensor of thigh

Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Tibia Flexor of shank

Tenuissimus Transverse process of 2nd caudal vertebra Fascia of the shank

Shank Muscles

Tibialis anterior Proximal parts of tibia and fibula 1st metatarsal Flexor of foot

Extensor digitorum longus Lateral epicondyle of femur Digits Extensor of digits

Peroneus Fibula Metatarsals and digits Extensor and flexor of foot

Gastrocnemius Demur and tendon and fascia of plantaris Calcaneus Extensor of foot

Soleus Fibula Calcaneus Extensor of foot

Plantaris Patella and femur Calcaneus Flexor of digits

Flexor digitorum longus Tibia and fibula Digits Flexor of digits

Tibialis posterior Fibula, tibia and fascia Scaphoid and medial cuneiform Extensor of foot