muscles & joint analysis
TRANSCRIPT
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MUSCLES AND MOVEMENT
To know the meaning of origin and insertion of avariety of muscles
To understand the different muscular movements
To be able to develop a mind map on jointsand movements.
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STARTER
IN PAIRS IDENIFTY THE TYPE OF
MOVEMENTS OCCURING AT EACH JOINT.
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP12004
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The Origin and Insertion When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves leaving the
other stationary. The points at which the tendons are attached to the bone are known as the origin and the insertion.
Origin
Insertion
The radius and ulna are the moving bones- INSERTION
The origin is where the tendon of the muscle joins the stationary bone(s).
The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle joins the moving bone(s).
The arm is being flexed.
The humerus and scapular are stationary bones- ORIGIN
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Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by strong cords known as tendons.
Movement of the arm
at the elbow
Antagonistic Muscles
They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.
E.g Biceps brachii and triceps brachii = known as ANTAGONISTIC
MUSCLE ACTION.
AS one muscle shortens the other one lengthens.
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Agonist or Prime Mover(Biceps contract)
The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist or prime mover.
Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
Antagonist(Triceps relax)
The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place
is called the antagonist.
Other muscles support the prime mover (agonist) in creating movement and these are called synergists.
Fixtor-the muscle that allows the agonist to work, stabilising the origin.
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Origin: Humerus, radius, ulna
Insertion: Carpels, Metacarpels, Phalanges
Strengthening exercises; Wrist curls, Reverse wrist curls
WRIST EXTENSORS AND FLEXORS
Movement: Flexion and Extension
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Strengthening exercises; Dumb bell curls (downward and upward)
Origin: Humerus and ulna
Insertion: Radius
Elbow joint
Movement: Supination and Pronation
Radioulnar joint
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Strengthening exercises; Biceps curls and tricep extensions
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radius
Agonist;
Antagonist;
Elbow joint
Biceps
Triceps
FLEXION EXTENSION
Origin: Scapula and humerus
Insertion: Ulna
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ORIGIN- Skull and thoracic spine
INSERTION- Clavicle and Scapula
STRENTHENING EXERCISE: Seated rows
MOVEMENT- Extension of the shoulder
Shoulder joint
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ORIGIN- Clavicle, sternum, ribs
INSERTION- Humerus
STRENTHENING EXERCISE: Seated rows
PECTRALIS MAJOR
MOVEMENT- Flexion, Adduction of the shoulder
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ORIGIN; Clavicle and scapula
INSERTION: Humerus
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE; Back press
DELTOID
MOVEMENT: Flexion, extension and abduction of the shoulder
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ORIGIN: Thoracic, Lumbar, sacrum spine and pelvis
INSERTION: Humerus
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Chin ups
LATISSIMUS DORSI
MOVEMENT: Adduction and extension of the shoulder
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SPINE
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RECTUS ABDOMINIS
ORIGIN: Pelvis
INSERTION: Sternum and ribs
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Crunches
Flexion of the spine
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EXTERNAL OBLIQUES
ORIGIN: RIBS
INSERTION: Pelvis
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE; Broomstick twists
MOVEMENT: Flexion
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INTERNAL OBLIQUES
ORIGIN: Pelvis
INSERTION: Ribs
MOVEMENT: Lateral flexion, rotation
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ORIGIN: Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION: FEMUR
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE: Sit ups
HIP: ILIOPSOAS
MOVEMENT: Flexion of hip
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ORIGIN: Pelvis, sacrum and coccyx
INSERTION: Femur
Strengthening exercises; Bent knee hip extensions
MOVEMENT: Extension and rotation of the hip
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
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Movement: Abduction, rotation
Muscles:Gluteus medius and minimus
Origin: Pelvis
Insertion: Femur
Strengthening exercises; Floor hip abductions
HIP
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KNEE
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KNEE
Movement: Flexion, extension
Muscles: Hamstring ( biceps femoris, semiteninosus,Semimembranosus
Origin: Pelvis, Femur
Insertion: Tibia and Fibula
Strengthening exercises; Leg curls
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Knee
Movement: Flexion, extension
Muscles:Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastusMedialis, vastus intermediuus
Origin: Pelvis, Femur
Insertion: Tibia
Strengthening exercises; Dumbbell squats
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Ankle
Movement: Dorsiflexion and planarflexion
Muscles: Tibialis anterior
Origin: Tibia
Insertion: Tarsals and metatarsals
Strengthening exercises; one leg toes raises
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Muscles:Gastrocnemius and soleus
Origin: Gastrocnemius- femur Soleus- tibia and fibula
Insertion: Calcaneus
Strengthening exercises; one leg toe raises
Ankle
Movement:Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
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TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION
ISOTONIC- the muscle is moving while contracting, it can be divided into concentric and eccentric contractions
CONCENTRIC- contractions involve the muscle shortening while contracting e.g biceps brachii in elbow flexion
ECCENTRIC- contraction involves muscle lengthening whilst contracting e.g. bicep brachii in elbow extension
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ISOMETRIC
Contractions occur when there is tension on the muscle but NO movementE.G static contractions occur when holding your weight in a stationary position
HANDSTAND
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MUSCLE SHORTENING
MUSCLE LENGTHENING
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ISOKINETIC
Contractions cause the muscle to shorten in length andincrease in tension whilst working at a constant speed against a variable resistance
E.G. running on a treadmill
ISOKINETIC MEANS ‘SAME SPEED’