muscles for lecture. muscle types smooth: spindle shaped no striations involuntary cardiac:...
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MUSCLES FOR LECTURE
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Muscle Types Smooth: spindle shaped
no striations involuntary
Cardiac: cylindrical shaped striated involuntary (only responds to direct electrical stimulation)
Skeletal: elongated striated voluntary
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MOTION TERMS FLEXION: reduces the angle of the joint from the anatomical position.
Flex elbow EXTENSION: movement that returns you to anatomical position. Extend
elbow. All these terms refer to either a body part or a joint. Can flex elbow or
flex joint. HYPEREXTENSION: extension beyond anatomical position; wrist,
neck. Some terms relate only to certain areas, such as the ankle: DORSIFLEXTION: lift up toes PLANTARFLEXION: move toes down INVERSION: when sole of foot points inward EVERSION: sole of foot points outward. ABDUCTION: move body part away from midline; arm, fingers, thumb ADDUCTION: bring back to midline; arms, fingers, thumb
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MOTION TERMS ROTATION: pivot on an axis; shake head “no”; can rotate head
and shoulder CIRCUMDUCTION: to draw a circle with body part; shoulder,
head PRONATION (to lie prone is on stomach). Turn hands
downward. SUPINATION: refers to arms; want a bowl of soup, supinate PROTRACTION: to move anteriorily; shoulders, mandible RETRACTION: to move part posteriorly; shoulders ELEVATION: to raise part superiorly; shoulders DEPRESSION: to lower part; open mouth.
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Muscle Terms Prime mover Synergist (helps prime mover) Antagonist (does opposite of prime mover) Fixator (holds bone in place so prime mover
can move a body part better)
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SURFACE LANDMARKS THYROID CARTILAGE (Adam’s apple) JUGULAR NOTCH: ridge between two clavicles
above manubrium COSTAL MARGIN: edge of ribcage UMBILICUS (NAVAL): belly button INGUINAL REGION: the crease between abdomen
and thigh; ant sup iliac spine pubic symphusis GLUTEAL CLEFT (NATAL CLEFT): butt crack PERINEUM: between genitals and anus
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Trapezius, Latissmus dorsi, Teres major and minor, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus
1
2
3a
3b
4
5
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Subscapularis, Coracobrachialis• Seen on the anterior portion of the scapula
1
2
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Pectoralis Major and Minor
1
2
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Deltoid
1
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Triceps brachii, Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis
1
2
3
4
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Muscles that Define the Axilla Anterior: Pectoralis major Posterior: Latissimus dorsi and Teres major Base:
Lymph nodes Axillary artery Brachial plexus
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Rhomboids
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
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Serratus anterior
External oblique Internal
oblique
Rectus abdominus
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Pronator teres,
Flexor retinaculum
1
2
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Flexor Retinaculum Not a muscle It is a band-like fibrous fascia over the wrist
that covers the flexor tendons and keeps them from bow-stringing up.
If there is inflammation from over-use (flexion), the swelling will pinch the median nerve and cause pain in the hand
This is called Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Extensor carpi radialis (longus, brevis), Ext carpi ulnaris, Ext digitorum, Ext policis longus
1
2
3
4
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Flex carpi ulnaris,
Palmaris longus,
Flex carpi radialis,
Flex digitorum superficialis,
Flex policis longus1
2
3
45
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Flexor digitorum profundus
1
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1
2
Gluteus maximus,
Gluteusmedius
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Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, piriformis
1
2
3
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Gluteus Maximus When sitting and going to a standing position,
this is the primary muscle responsible for straightening the hip
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Hip Flexors When one foot is on the ground, these
muscles contract to lift the opposite foot off the ground
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Psoas major,
Tensor fasciae latae,
Sartorius1
2
3
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Quadriceps femoris: Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medius, Vastus intermedius
1
2
3
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Vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medius
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Pectineus, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Gracilis
12
3
4
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Scarpa’s Triangle
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Muscles of the Femoral Triangle“Scarpa’s Triangle Superior: Inguinal
ligament Inferior (2): Sartorius
and Adductor Longus Contents:
Femoral artery/vein Femoral nerve Lymph nodes
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Scarpa’s Trianglecontents
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Scarpa’s Triangle on a
prosthetic device:
Make sure no pressure is on
this area!
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Biceps femoris,
Semimembranosis,
Semitendonosis
1
2
3
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Notice the prominences of the marked muscles: devices can rub there!
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Gastrocnemius,
Plantaris1
2
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Soleus,
Popliteus,
Tibialis posterior,
Flexor digitorum longus,
Flexor hallucis longus
Peroneus longus,Peroneus brevis
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Tibialis anterior,
Ext hallucis longus,
Ext digitorum longus,
Peroneus tertius
1
2
3
4