muscles dr. sama ul haque. objectives define a muscle. classify muscles according to their structure...
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Muscles
Dr. Sama ul Haque
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Objectives
• Define a muscle.• Classify muscles according to their structure
and functions.• Differentiate the types of muscles, on the
basis of structural peculiarities and functions.• Understand terms related to muscles.• Know how the muscles are named.
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Types of the muscle
• Skeletal: Striated and voluntary.
• Smooth: Non-striated and involuntary.
• Cardiac: Striated and involuntary.
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Are effectors which enable movement to be carried out.
Muscles
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Types of connective tissues wrappings of skeletal muscle
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• Endomysium : a delicate connective tissue sheath surrounds muscle fiber.
• Perimysium : a coarser fibrous membrane surrounds several sheathed muscle fibers to form bundle of fibers called a fascicle.
• Epimysium : a tougher overcoat of connective tissue surrounds many fascicles.
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• The Epimysium blend into the strong, cord- like tendons, or into sheet-like Aponeurosis.
• Function: attaching the muscle to bone…. Providing durability Conserving space
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Muscles & the Skeleton
• Skeletal muscles cause the skeleton to move at joints
• They are attached to skeleton by tendons.• Tendons transmit muscle force to the bone.• Tendons are made of collagen fibres & are
very strong & stiff
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Muscle function
• Providing movement• Maintaining posture• Stabilizing joint • Generating heat
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Skeletal Muscle• Functions of Skeletal
Muscle– Produce Movement– Maintain posture– Stabilize joints– Generate Heat
• Sites of Muscle Attachment– Bones– Cartilage– Connective tissue
coverings
• Muscle Fibers blend into a connective tissue attachment– Tendon—cordlike
structure– Aponeurosis—sheet-like
structure• Properties of Muscle
– Irritability – ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
– Contractibility – ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received
– Extensibility – ability to lengthen when an adequate stimulus is received
– Elasticity – ability to return to normal shape
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• Origin : is the point where the muscle is attached to immovable or less movable bone.
• Insertion : is the point where the muscle attached to movable bone.
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• Prime mover : the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a movement.
• Antagonist : the muscle that reverse a movement.
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Antagonistic Muscle Action
• Muscles are either contracted or relaxed• When contracted the muscle exerts a pulling
force, causing it to shorten• Since muscles can only pull (not push), they
work in pairs called antagonistic muscles• The muscle that bends the joint is called the
flexor muscle• The muscle that straightens the joint is called
the extensor muscle
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Elbow Joint• The best known example of antagonistic
muscles are the biceps & triceps musclesElbow joint flexed
Flexor m uscles contractedExtensor muscles re laxed
Elbow joint extendedExtensor muscles contracted
Flexor m uscles relaxed
biceps
triceps
Section through arm
Flexorm uscles
Extensor m uscles
Hum erusBone
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Naming Skeletal muscles• Direction of the muscle fibers: Orbicularis
oris, Occuli • Relative size of the muscle: Gluteus
Maximus, Medius, Minimus• Location of the muscle: Obturator Internus• Number of the origin: Biceps, Triceps• Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion: Occipito-frontalis
• Shape of the muscle: Deltoid• Action of the muscle: Pronator Quadratus
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Shape and Fiber Architecture of Skeletal muscle
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• Terms related to Muscle:
– Belly (Fleshy part, Contractile)
– Tendon (C.T, Non-Contractile)
– Aponeurosis (Flattened tendon)
– Ligament
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Thank you