muscles
TRANSCRIPT
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Muscles
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Direction of Muscle Fibers
Fig. 11-1
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Sites of Muscle Attachment
• _________ attach bone to bone. ________ attach muscle to bone.Ligaments Tendons
. . or cartilage or connective tissue.
• Origin = stationary point of muscle attachment
• Insertion = mobile point of muscle attachment
• Belly = fleshy part of the muscle
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• Aponeurosis = large, flat tendon
Special Tendons
Galea aponeurotica
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Coordination of Muscle Action
Agonist (prime mover) – a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for a particular movement Synergist – assist the agonist; may provide additional pull near the insertion or may stabilize the point of origin Antagonist – contraction opposes the action of the agonist
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e.g. Biceps brachii and Triceps brachii are antagonists
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Muscles Work as LeversLever = a rigid structure that moves on a fixed point, or fulcrum, when a force is applied to it. This force overcomes resistance.
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Components of a Lever System
• Applied Force = muscle contraction • Lever = bone• Fulcrum = joint• Resistance = weight of body parts, gravity, objects
point of attachment
F
AF
R
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Classes of Levers(determined by position of fulcrum)
First Class Lever - fulcrum lies between the AF & resistance
e.g. hyperextension of neck (Fig 11-2a)
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Classes of LeversSecond Class Lever – resistance lies between AF & fulcrum
e.g. plantar flexion (Fig 11-2b)
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Classes of LeversThird Class Lever – AF lies between resistance & fulcrum
e.g. flexion of elbow (Fig 11-2c)
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Naming of Muscles
• Orientation of muscle fibers- Rectus (straight)- Transverse (horizontal)- Oblique (angled)
• Body region (review Fig 1-6)
- Brachialis - Gluteus
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Naming of Muscles
• Relative position- External / Internus- Superficialis (superficial) / Profundus (deep) - Supra / Infra
• Size- Maximus / Minimus- Major / Minor- Longus (long) / Brevis (short)
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Naming of Muscles
• Shape - Deltoid (triangle; D)
- Trapezius (trapezoid)
• Number of origins (heads)- Biceps- Triceps- Quadriceps
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Naming of Muscles
• Location of origin & insertion - Coracobrachialis- Iliotibial tract
• Action- Abductor / Adductor- Pronator / Supinator- Flexor / Extensor
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Head & Neck
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Platysma
insertion
origin
What is its action? ___________________depresses mandible
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Head & Neck
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Digastric muscle
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Neck muscles
1. Digastric 5. Sternohyoid 6. Sternothyroid
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Neck Muscles
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Chest, Shoulder, & Back
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Chest, Shoulder, & Back
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Chest, Shoulder, & Back
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Chest, Shoulder, & Back
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Arm Muscles
Orbicularis oris
TrapeziusSCM
Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior
Deltoid
Biceps brachii
BrachioradialisPronator teres
Flexor carpi radialisFlexor carpi ulnaris
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Arm Muscles
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Pronator teresFlexor carpi radialis
Palmarus longusFlexor carpi ulnaris
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Arm MusclesSemispinalis capitus
SCM
Splenius capitus
Levator scapulaeTrapezius
Triceps brachii
Deltoid
InfraspinatusTeres minor
Teres major
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Arm Muscles
Triceps brachii
Aconeus
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
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Trunk & Abdominal Muscles
External abdominalobliques
Serratus anterior
Linea alba
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Trunk & Abdominal Muscles
External intercostals
Rectus abdominis
Internal abdominal obliques
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Trunk & Abdominal Muscles
Serratus anterior
External intercostals
Rectus abdominis
Linea alba
Transverse abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
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Trunk & Abdominal Muscles
Linea alba
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Trunk & Abdominal Muscles
Internal intercostals
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Trunk & Abdominal Muscles
Diaphragm
Central tendonof diaphragm
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Trunk & Abdominal Muscles
Erector Spinae (sacrospinalis)
Origin: transverse & spinous process of C, T, and L
Insertion: same as origin
Action: extends the spine
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Trunk & Abdominal Muscles
Quadratus lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest
Insertion: transverse processes upper L (1 -4)
Action: flexes spine
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Hips, Buttocks, & Groin
Tensor Fascia Latae
Origin: iliac crest of the illium
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Action: flexes & abducts the thigh
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Hips, Buttocks, & Groin
Iliopsoas - Iliacus
Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Iliopsoas – psoas major
Origin: transverse processes of L
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Action of both iliopsoas: flexes thigh
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Hips, Buttocks, & Groin
Inguinal ligament
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Hips, Buttocks, & Groin
Gluteus Maximus
Origin: gluteal line of illium
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action: extends and laterally rotates thigh
Gluteus Medius
Origin: outer surface of the illium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: abducts and medially rotates thigh
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Leg Muscles
IT tract
Tensor fasciae latae
Sartorius
Quadriceps
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
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Leg Muscles
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
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Leg Muscles
Gracilis
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Leg Muscles
Biceps femoris(long head)
Biceps femoris(short head)
Semitendonosis
Semimembranosis
Adductor magnus Gracilis
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Leg Muscles
Fibularis longus
Tibialis anterior
Soleus
Extensor digitorum longus
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Leg Muscles
Tibialis anterior
Fibularis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
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Leg Muscles
Gatrocnemius
Calcaneal tendon
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Leg Muscles
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus