muscle flash cards

7/30/2019 Muscle Flash Cards

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Coracobrachialis

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Middle third of medial surface of

humerus

Helps flex & adduct arm; resists

dislocation of shoulder

Musculocutaneous nerv C5 C6 C7


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Brachialis

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Coronoid process & ulna tuberosity

Flexes forearm in all positions

Musculocutaneous nerve C5, C6 &

Radial nerve C5, C7


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Aconeus

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Lateral surface of olecranon & superior

part of posterior surface of ulna

Assists triceps in extending forearm;

stabilises elbow joint

Radial nerve C5, C7


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Brachioradialis

Proximal two thirds of supraepicondylar

ridge of humerus

Lateral surface of distal end of radius

proximal to styloid process

Weak flexion of arm when forearm is in

midpronated position

Radial nerve C5, C6, C7


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Supinator

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Lateral surface of olecranon & superior

part of posterior surface of ulna

Assists triceps in extending forearm;

stabilises elbow joint

Radial nerve C5, C7


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Pronator Teres

Humeral h ead:medial supracondylar ridge &

medial epicondyle of the humerus

Ulna head:medial border of the coronoid

process of the ulna

Middle of lateral surface of the radius (pronatortuberosity)

Pronates & flexes forearm

Median nerve C6, C7


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Pronator Quadratus

Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna

Distal quarter of anterior surface of

radius

Pronates forearm, deep fibers bind

radius & ulna together

Median nerve C8, T1


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Flexor Carpi Radialis

Medial epicondyle of humerus (common

flexor origin)

Base of 2nd metacarpal

Flexes & abducts hand at wrist

Median nerve C6, C7


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Longissimus Capitis (Erector Spinae)

TPs T1-T5, articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7

Mastoid process of occiput bone

Extends and rotates head

Posterior rami spinal nerves


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Longissimus cervicis (E. Spinae) TPs to TPs

TPs of T1-T5 vertebrae

TPs C2-C6

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column



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Longissimus Thoracis (E. Spinae)TPs to TPs

Posterior & medial iliac crest, transverse processes

of all lumbar spine and TLF

TPs of all thoracic vertebrae, between angles &

tubercles lower 10 ribs

Extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column,

rotates ribs for forceful inspiration



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Semispinalis Capitis Transversospinalis

TPs-SPs

TPs of C4-C6 vertebrae

Between superior & inferior nuchal lines of the

occipital bone

Extends and rotates head

Posterior rami of spinal nerves


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Semispinalis Cervicis Transversospinalis

TPs-SPs

TPs of T1-T6 vertebrae

SPs C2-C5

Extends and rotates vertebral column



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Semispinalis Thoracis Transversospinalis

TPs to SPs

TPs of C7-T12

SPs of C6-T4

Extends & rotates vertebral column



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Spinalis Capitis (E. Spinae) SPs to SPs

SP of C6

Between superior & inferior nuchal lines of the

occipital bone

Acting bilaterally: extend neck

Acting unilaterally: laterally flex the neck



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Spinalis Cervicis (E. Spinae) SPs to SPs

Ligamentum nuchae & SP of C7

SP of C2

Acting bilaterally: extend vertebral neck

Acting unilaterally: laterally flex neck



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Spinalis Thoracis (E. Spinae) SPs of SPs

SPs of T11 - L2

SPs of T1-T8

Acting bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head

Acting unilaterally: laterally flex the vertebral column



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Iliocostalis Thoracis (E. Spinae)

Angle of lower 6 ribs

TPs of C7

Extension & lateral flexion of vertebral column.

Rotates ribs for forceful expiration



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Iliocostalis Cervicus (E. Spinae)

Angle of ribs 3-6

TPs C4 C6

Extension & lateral flexion of neck.



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Iliocostalis Lumborum (E. Spinae)

Medial & lateral sacral crests. Medial part of illiac

crest.

Angles of lower 6 ribs

Extension & lateral flexion of vertebral column.Rotates ribs for forceful inspiration.



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Rotators

Proximal

Transverse processes of each vertebra

Distal

Brevis: base of spinous processes of next vertebra

Longus: base of spinous processes of vertebra 2

above

Action

Extends and rotates vertebral column

Nerve



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Multifidus

Common origin of erector spinae, TPs of

T1-T3 & articular processes of C4-C7

SPs of 2-4 segments above. Thickest in lumbar

spine

Stabilizes vertebrae during movement ofvertebral column



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Interspinales

Cervical region: spinous processes of C3-C7

Thoracic region: spinous processes T1T3 & T11 -

T12 thoracic vertebrae

Cervical region: spinous processes L2 L5

Spinous processes of next vertebra superior to

origin

Extends and rotates column

Dorsal Primary Divisions of spinal nerves


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Trapezius

Medial third of superior nuchal line, external

occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae,spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of

seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae C7T12

Upper part - lateral third of clavicleMiddle part - acromion and spine of scapula

Lower part - medial portion of spine of scapula(tubercle)

Upper part - elevates scapula

Middle part - retracts scapula,

Lower part - depresses scapula

Accessory (eleventh cranial), C3, C4


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Levator Scapulae

Proximal

Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes ofC1-C4

Distal

Superior part of medial border of the scapula

Action

Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid cavity

inferiorly by rotating scapula

NerveDorsal scapular nerve (C5)


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Latissimus Dorsi

Proximal

Spinous processes of T7-T12, spinous processes of all lumbar

and sacral vertebrae (via thoracolumbar fascia), supraspinalligament and iliac crest, outer surfaces of lower three or four

ribs, inferior angle of scapula

Distal

Floor of bicipital groove

Action

Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus.

Raises body when climbing

Nerve

Thoracodorsal nerve C6, C7, C8


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Rhomboid Major

Proximal

Spinous processes of T2

T5 vertebrae andligamentum nuchae

Distal

Medial border of scapula from below the

spine to inferior angle

Action

Retracts scapula and rotate it to depress

glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall

NerveDorsal Scapula nerve C4-C5


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Rhomboid Minor

Proximal

Spines of the C7

T1 vertebrae, lower part ofthe ligamentum nuchae

Distal

Medial border of the scapula at level of spine

Action

Retracts, rotates and stabilizes scapula, elevates the

medial border of the scapula

Nerve

Dorsal scapular nerve C4-C5


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Serratus Posterior Superior

Proximal

Spinous processes & supraspinous ligament C7-T1vertebrae

Distal

Posterior aspect of ribs 2-4

ActionAssists forced inspiration??

Nerve

Anterior primary rami T2-T5


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Serratus Posterior Inferior

Proximal

Spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae

Distal

Posterior aspect of ribs 9-12

Action

Assists in forced inspiration??

Nerve

Anterior primary rami T9-T12


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Quadratus Lumborum

Proximal

Inferior border of 12th

rib

Distal

Transverse processes of L1-4,Iliolumbar

ligament, posterior 1/3 of iliac crest

ActionFixes 12th rib in respiration, side bends trunk

Nerve

Anterior primary rami T12-L3


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Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Proximal

Posterior arch of atlas

Distal

Medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

ActionExtends head

Nerve

Suboccipital nerve


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Rectus Capitus Posterior Major

Proximal

Spinous process of axis

Distal

Lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

ActionExtends and rotates head

Nerve

Suboccipital nerve


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Obliquus Capitis Inferior

Proximal

Spinous process of axis

Distal

Transverse process of atlas

ActionRotates the head

Nerve

Suboccipital nerve


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Obliquus Capitis Superior

Proximal

Transverse process of atlas

Distal

Occipital bone between inferior and

superior nuchal lines

Action

Extends head and flexes head laterally to

the same side (ipsilaterally)

NerveSuboccipital nerve


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Thoracolumbar Fascia

Posterior

Lumbar SPs, supraspinous ligament

Middle

Tips of lumbar TPs, intertransverse ligaments,

iliac crest & inferior border of 12th rib

adjoining lumbocostal ligament

Anterior

Anterior surface lumbar TPs, iliolumbar

ligament, iliac crest


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Tibialis Anterior

Lateral tibial condyle, superior half of lateral

tibia, interosseous membrane

Medial & inferior surfaces of medial

cuneiform,base of 1st metatarsal

Dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot

Deep fibular nerve L4, L5


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Extensor Hallucis Longus

Middle 1/2 of anterior fibula & interosseous

membrane

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of the

great toe

Extends great toe, dorsiflexes ankle



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Fibularis Tertius

Inferior 1/3 of surface of fibula, interosseous

membrane.

Dorsum base of fifth metatarsal

Dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot



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Fibularis Longus

Head & superior 2/3 of lateral surface of

fibula

Base of 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform

Everts foot, weakly plantarflexes the ankle

Superficial fibular nerve L5, S1, S2


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Fibularis Brevis

Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral

surface base of the 5th metatarsal

Everts foot, weakly plantar flexes ankle

Superficial fibualr nerve L5, S1, S2


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Flexor Digitorum Longus

Medial part of posterior tibia inferior to soleal line

Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Flexes lateral 4 digits, plantarflexes ankle,

Tibial nerve S2, S3


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Flexor Hallucis Longus

Inferior 2/3 of fibula posterior surface &

interosseous membrane

Bases of distal phlanges of the great toe

Flexes great toe, weakly plantarflexes the ankle

Tibial nerve S2, S3


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Plantaris

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur,

oblique popliteal ligament

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal

tendon

Plantar flexes ankle (by weakly assisting

gastrocnemius)

Tibial nerve S1, S2


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Popliteus

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur

Posterior surface of tibia superior to the soleal

line

Weakly flexes knee. Unlocks knee by rotating 5

degree on fixed tibia Medially rotates tibia on

unplanted leg.

Tibial nerve L4, L5, S1


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Extensor Digitorum Longus

Lateral tibial condyle & superior 3/4 of fibula &

interosseous membrane

Middle & distal phalanges of lateral four toes via

extensor expansions

Extends lateral 4 toes, dorsiflexes ankle



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Gastrocnemius

Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of

femur

Medial head: superior to medial femoral condyle

Dorsum of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Flexes leg, plantar flex ankle when extended

Tibial nerve S1, S2


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Soleus

Posterior aspect of head & upper shaft of fibula,

soleal line to medial border of the tibia

Dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Plantarflex the foot independent of knee position

Tibial nerve S1, S2


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Tibialis Posterior

Interosseous membrane, posterior surface

of tibia inferior to soleal line, posterior

surface of fibula

Navicular tuberosity. Cuneiform, cuboid &

sustentaculumtali of the calcaneus. Bases

of 2nd

, 3rd

and 4th

metatarsals.

Plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot

Tibial nerve L4, L5


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Obturator Internus


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Posterior surface ofobturator

membrane& margin ofobturator

foramen

Trochanteric fossa of femur

Laterally rotates thigh, abducts thigh

Nerve to obturator internus L5, S1

Psoas Major


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Sides of vertebral bodies T12-L5, TPs of all

lumbar vertebrae

Lesser trochanter of femur

Flexes thigh, stabilises hip, flexes vertebral

column

Anterior rami of lumber nerves L1, L2, L3

Piriformis


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Anterior surface of sacrum,

sacrotuberous ligament

Upper border of greater trochanter

Laterally rotates thigh, abducts thigh,

steadies femoral head

Anterior rami ofS1, S2

Gemellus Superior


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Ischial spine


Laterally rotates thigh

Nerve to obturator internus L5, S1

Gemellus Inferior


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Ischial tuberosity



Femoral nerve L2-L4

Gluteus Maximus


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Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior

surface of sacrum & coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

Upper fibres: iliotibial tract

Lower fibres: gluteal tuberosity

Extends thigh (especially from flexed position).


Inferior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2

Gluteus Medius


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External surface of ilium between posterior

& anterior gluteal lines

Lateral surface ofgreater trochanter

Abducts & medially rotates femur. Keeps

pelvis level when walking

Superior gluteal nerve L5-S2

Gluteus Minimus


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External surface of the ilium between the

anterior & interior gluteal lines

Greater trochanter of femur

Abducts & medially rotates femur

Superior gluteal nerve L5, S1

Quadratus Femoris


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Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanetric

crest and area inferior to it

Laterally rotates thigh, and steadies

femoral head in acetabulum

Nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1

Ii


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Iiacus

Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior

SI joints

Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter

Flexes thigh, stabilises hip

Femoral nerve L2, L3

Subclavius


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Junction of 1st rib & its costal cartilage

Inferior middle surface of middle third

of clavicle

Anchors and depresses clavicle

Nerve to subclavius C5, C6

Deltoid


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Lateral third of clavicle, acromion & spine of

scapula

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Clavicular part: flexes & medially rotates arm

Acromial part: Adducts arms

Spinal part: extends & laterally rotates arm

Axillary nerve C5, C6

Teres Major


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Posterior surface of inferior angle of

scapula

Medial lip of bicipital groove of

humerus

Adducts and medially rotates arm

Lower subscapular nerve C5, C6

Triceps brachii


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Long head: infraglenoid tubercle ofscapula

Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus,

superior to radial groove

Medial head: posterior surface of humerus,

inferior to radial groove

Proximal surface of olecranon process of ulna

Chief extensor of forearm: long head resists

dislocation of humerus; especially important

during adduction

Radial nerve C6, C7, C8

Subscapularis (rotator cuff)


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Subscapular fossa (most of anterior

surface of scapula)

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Medially rotates arm, as part of rotator

cuff, helps hold head of humerus inglenoid cavity

Lower subscapular nerve C5, C6

Infraspinatus (rotator cuff)


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Infraspinous fossa of scapular

Middle facet ofgreater tubercle of

humerus

Laterally rotates arm and acts with

rotator cuff muscles

Suprascapular nerve C5, C6

Teres Minor (rotator cuff)

Middl t f l t l b d f


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Middle part of lateral border of

scapular

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of

humerus

Laterally rotates arm & acts as withrotator cuff muscles

Axillary nerve C5, C6

Supraspinatus (rotator cuff)


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Supraspinatus fossa of scapula

Superior facet of greater tubercle of

humerus

Abduction of arm, acts with rotator cuff

muscle

Subscapular nerve C4, C5, C6

Biceps brachii

Sh t h d ti f id f l


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Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapular

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapular

Tuberosity of radius & fascia of forearm via

bicipital aponeurosis

Supinates forearm & flexes forearm when supine.Short head resists dislocation of shoulder

Musculocutaneous nerve C5, C6, C7

Coracobrachialis


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Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Middle third of medial surface of

humerus

Helps flex & adduct arm; resists

dislocation of shoulder

Musculocutaneous nerve

C5, C6, C7

Rectus femoris (quadriceps)


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Straight head: AIIS

Reflected head: ilium superior to the acetabulum

Patella and tibial tuberosity (via quadriceps tendon)

Extends leg, steadies hip, assists psoas major in flexingthigh

Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4

Vastus Lateralis (quadriceps)

l l f h l h


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Lateral lip of the linea aspera, greater trochanter

Quadriceps tendon attaching to the patella &

then tibial tuberosity. Attaches to tibia via

patella retinacula.

Extends knee


Vastus Medialis (quadriceps)

M di l li f li i h i li


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Medial lip of linea aspera, intertrochanteric line

Quadriceps tendon attaching to the patella & then

tibial tuberosity. Attaches to tibia via patella

retinacula.

Extends knee

Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4

Vastus Intermedius (quadriceps)

A i l l f f h f f f


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Anterior lateral surface of shaft of femur

Patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar

ligament)

Extends knee


Obturator Externus


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Anterior margins of obturator foramen

(ischio-pubic ramus) & obturatormembrane


Laterally rotates thigh, stabilises hip joint

Obturator nerve L3-L4

Pectineus

S i f bi


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Superior ramus of pubis

Pectineal line (between lesser trochanter &

linea aspera)

Adducts, flexes thigh, assists medial rotation

Femoral nerve L2, L3

Biceps Femoris (hamstrings)

L H d l f t f i hi l t b it &


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Long Head: lower facet ofischial tuberosity &

associated sacrotuberous ligament

Short Head: lower half of lateral lip oflinea aspera tosuperior aspect oflateral supra condylar line

Lateral side of head fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

Extends hip, flexes knee, rotates leg medially when

knee is flexed

Superior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2

Adductor Longus

Body of pubis inferior to the pubic crest


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Body of pubis inferior to the pubic crest

Middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur

Adducts, flexes the extended hip & extends

the flexed hip

Obturator nerve L2, L3, L4

Semitendinosus

Lower medial facet of lateral section of ischial


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Lower medial facet of lateral section ofischial

tuberosity

Medial surface of superior part of tibia (pes

anserinus)

Extends femur, flexes the knee & rotates itmedially when the knee is flexed, capable of

flexing trunk

Tibial nerve L5, S1, S2

Semimembranosus (hamstrings)

Ischial tuberosity


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Ischial tuberosity

Posterior part ofmedial condyle of tibia; reflected

attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament

Extends femur, flexes the knee & rotates it medially

when the knee is flexed, capable of flexing trunk

Tibial division of sciatic nerve L2, L3, L4

Adductor Magus

Adductor part: Inferior ramus of pubis ramus of ischium


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Adductor part: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium

Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial

supracondylar line

Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur

Adducts thigh. adductor part = flexes thigh. hamstring part:

extends thigh

Adductor part: Obturator nerve L2, L3, L4

Hamstring part: Tibial nerve L4

Adductor Brevis

Body and inferior ramus of pubis


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Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Pectineal line, linea aspera upper 1/3

Adducts, flexes and medially rotates the femur

at the hip joint

Obturator nerve L2, L3, L4

Tensor Fascia Lata


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Anterior part of iliac crest, anterior superior iliac

spine

Via iliotibial tract to lateral condyle of tibia

Flexes, abducts and medially rotates the thigh at

the hip joint

Superior gluteal nerve L5, S1

Gracilis

Body & inferior ramus of pubis


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Body & inferior ramus of pubis

Supero-medial surface of the tibia via pes

anserinus

Adducts the thigh, flexes the leg & assists in

medial rotation of the thigh

Obturator nerve L2 L3

Sartorius


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ASIS & superior part of notch immediately

inferior to it

Superio-medial surface of the tibia (pes

anserinus)

Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the femur,

flexes knee

Femoral nerve L2

L3

muscle flash cards

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