egypt

WHO WANT’S TO LIVE FOREVER?

THE FIRST BURIALS WE KNOW OF FROM ANCIENT EGYPT ARE SIMPLE DESERT BURIALS. THEY ARE KNOWN AS GINGER MEN BECAUSE THEIR SKIN AND THEIR

HAIR IN PARTICULAR GOES RED (GINGER) IN COLOUR. DOES ANYONE KNOW WHY?

GINGER MAN

Only his decapitated head was found, wrapped in a deerskin cape. He was likely killed by a blow to his left temple before he was decapitated. His hair, reddened by chemicals in the peat, is tied in an elaborate hairstyle called a Swabian knot. The Roman historian Tacitus, who lived in Osterby Man's era, describes the hairstyle as typical of the Suebi tribe of Germany.

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Osterby Man

EVEN THOUGH THIS IS A SIMPLE BURIAL WE CAN STILL TELL THAT THIS WAS AN IMPORTANT PERSON. ANY IDEAS?

GRAVE GOODS

IT IS THE HEAT OF THE DESERT AND THE DRY AIR WHICH MUMMIFIES THE BODY.

IN AN ENVIRONMENT LIKE THIS BACTERIA CANNOT LIVE. THE BODY WILL NEVER ROT.

WHAT MAKES A SAND MUMMY

THE EGYPTAINS BELIEVED THAT WHEN A PERSON DIED THEIR SOUL OR ‘KA” MOVED THROUGHT THE WORLD EVERY DAY BUT IT STILL NEEDED THE BODY TO REST AT NIGHT. IF THE BODY WAS NOT

PRESERVED THAN THE KA WOULD DIE AND THE PERSON WOULD CEASE TO EXIST. CAN ANYONE SPOT THE KA?

WHY DO BODIES NEED TO BE PRESERVED?

IN THE FAMOUS CATACOMBES OF PALERMO IN SICILY THE PEOPLE CREATED THE BEST PRESERVED MUMMIES EVER. THEY STOPPED ONLY A FEW YEAR AGO.

HERE IS A YOUNG MAN IN HIS BEST CLOTHES WHO DIED IN 1778.

LOTS OF PEOPLE PRESERVE THEIR DEAD

THIS WILL GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF HOW MANY ARE BURIED HERE.

THE MENS CHAMBER

THERE IS A SPECIAL AREA SET ASIDE FOR TEACHERS

THE TEACHERS ROOM

THESE MUMMIES ARE THE BODIES OF YOUNG GIRLS BURIED ON THE TOPS OF VERY HIGH MOUNTAINS IN SOUTH AMERICA WHERE THEY FROZE SOLID TO BE PRESERVED FOR UP TO 500 YEARS.

ICE MAIDENS

IN PNG SOME TRIBES ‘SMOKE’ THE BODIES OF POWERFUL PEOPLE FROM THEIR TRIBE AND PUT THEM ON DISPLAY SO THAT THEY WILL BE WITH THEM FOREVER.

SMOKED MUMMIES

QUESTION TIME

THE BIG DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GINGER MEN AND THESE

OTHER EXAMPLES WAS THAT THE PRESERVATION OF GINGER MEN WAS A NATURAL PROCESS

PEOPLE GOT BORED WITH THESE SIMPLE SAND BURIALS.

WHAT WOULD YOU DO TO MAKE YOUR GRAVE MORE AMAZING IF YOU WERE AN

EGYPTAIN?Talk about this with a

neighbour for 30 seconds.

THE FIRST TYPE OF STRUCTURE THAT THE ANCIENT EGYPTAIN KINGS BUILT OVER THEIR GRAVES WERE CALLED:

MASTABAS

BUILD SOMETHING OVER THE GRAVE

THESE BUILDINGS WERE SIMPLE BRICK BUILDINGS. THERE WERE ABOUT ONE OR TWO STORIES HIGH AND USUALLY HAD A SHAFT LEADING TO A TOMB

CHAMBER UNDER GROUND WHERE THE MUMMY WAS KEPT

WHAT WERE MASTABAS

QUESTION TIME

SOON THE EGYPAINS GOT BORED WITH MASTABAS.

WHAT WOULD YOU DO TO MAKE YOUR GRAVE MORE AMAZING?

TALK TO YOUR NEGIHBOUR ABOUT THIS FOR 30 SECONDS

THE PHARAOH DJOSER GAVE IMHOTEP THE JOB OF BUILDING THE MOST AMAZING TOMB EVER

HIS CREATION WAS THE STEP PYRAMID

THE STEP PYRAMID

IMHOTEP WAS VERY CLEVER. HE COMBINED OLD AND NEW IDEAS. CAN ANYONE SEE HOW HE DID THIS?

SNEAKY

WHILE THE STEP PYRAMID IS VERY BIG THE STONES IT IS MADE OF ARE NOT. REMEMBER THIS FOR LATER.

CLOSE UP VIEW

SOON THE PHARAOS WERE BORED WITH STEP

PYRAMIDS

HOW WOULD YOU MAKE THE TOMBS BETTER?

TALK ABOUT THIS FOR 30 SECONDS

WHAT ABOUT A NEW TYPE OF PYRAMID?

ONE WITH FLAT SIDES!!!

WHAT SHOULD IT LOOK LIKE?

TALK ABOUT THIS FOR 30 SECONDS

THE FIRST ATTEMPT AT BUILDING TOOK PLACE NOT FAR FROM THE STEP PYRAMID. LOOK AT IT. WHAT HAS HAPPENED?

HOW MIGHT BUILDERS STOP THIS HAPPENING AGAIN?

THE BROKEN PYRAMID

THIS PYRAMID WAS ONLY HALF BUILT WHEN THE BROKEN PYRAMID FELL APART. WHAT DID THE BUILDERS DO WHEN THEY SAY THE PTHER PYRAMID

FALL DOWN?

THE BENT PYRAMID

THE FIRST TRUE PYRAMID WAS THE NEXT ONE TO BE BUILT

THE BUILDERS FINALLY GOT THE ANGLE RIGHT

THIS IS CALLED THE “RED PYRAMID”

SUCCESS

IT DOES NOT LOOK STEEP BUT THE ANGLE OF A PYRAMID IS VERY STEEP.

AGAIN THE STONED USED ARE STILL FAIRLY SMALL.

THE RIGHT ANGLE

FOR THE PHARAOHS EVEN THIS WAS NOT GOOD

ENOUGH

WHAT COULD BE DONE TO KEEP THEM HAPPY?

TALK ABOUT THIS FOR 30 SECONDS

AFTER SO MANY YEARS PRACTISING BUILDING PYRAMIDS THE EGYPTAINS PERFRCTED THE ART DURING THE TIME OF THE PHARAOH KHUFU, 5000 YEARS AGO

THE GREAT PYRAMIDS

THE FIRST PYRAMID BUILT AT GIZA IS THE BIGGEST

EVEN TODAY, IF YOU MEASURE THE SIZE OF A BUILDING BY THE MATERIALS USED THEY ARE STILL THE BIGGEST SINGLE BUILDINGS EVER MADE

BIGGER IS BETTER

BY THIS ATAGE THE EGYPTAINS HAS PERFECTED THE SKILL OF BUILDING PYRAMIDS AT THE PERFECT ANGLE.

THERE IS NO MORE THAN A 9MM DIFFERENCE IN ANY OF THE LINES OF THE PYRAMIDS.

THE ANGLE

PHARAOH WANTED TO USE THE BIGGEST MATERIALS AVAILABLE

I AM STANDING AT THE BASE OF ONE OF THE SMALLER OUTER BLOCKS

BIGGER IS BETTER

BY CALCULATING THE AREA OF A PYRAMID ARCHAEOLOGISTS GUESS THAT THERE ARE ABOUT 2,300,000 BLOCKS OF STONE IN GREAT THE PYRAMID AT GIZA.

HOW MANY BLOCKS ARE THERE?

REMEMBER THE SIZE OF THE STONES FROM THE RED PYRAMID AND THE STEP PYRAMID? HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT FROM THE GRAT PYRAMID?

THE PYRAMIDS WERE BUILT 5000 YEARS AGO. LOTS OF PHARAOHS TRD TO BUILD ONES AS GREAT AS KHUFU’S BUT NEVER QUITE GOT THERE. SOME SHONE WHITE IN THE DESERT, OTHERS WERE RED BUT NONE WERE AS BIG. WHEN IT CAME TO PYRAMDS SIZE MATTERS. UNFORTUNATELY THE EXERCISE SENT

EGYPT BROKE AND IT FELL APART FOR A WHILE.

THE END OF A DYNASTY

REMEMBER THE SAND MUMMY?

WHAT IS THE CLIMATE LIKE IN A CAVE?

WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO THE BODIES?

HOW WOULD YOU SOLVE THIS PROBLEM?

TALK ABOUT THIS FOR 30 SECONDS.

A NEW PROBLEM

THIS SLIDE IS FROM THE LID OF AN ANCIENT EGYPTAIN COFFIN

IT SHOWS THE 5 STEP PROCESS LIKE A CARTOON STRIP

WITH YOUR NEIGHBOUR FIND 5 STEPS IN THIS PICTURE

MUMMIFICATION

ABOUT 3000 YEARS AFTER THE PYRAMIDS WERE BUILT THE EGYPTAINS PERFECTED THE ART OF ATRIFICAIL MUMMIFICATION. THIS WAY THE KA OF THE DECEASED WOULD LIVE ON. NONE RECIEVED BETTER MUMMIFICATION THAN PHARAOHS. THIS IS THE BODY OF SETI THE I, THE BEST PRESERVED PHARAOH

THE KA LIVES ON

THE MOST ELABORATE MUMMIES TOOK 70 DAYS TO PREPARE

THIS MUMMY IS SO WELL PRESERVED THAT SHE MUST HAVE BEEN A MEMBER OF THE ROYAL FAMILY

THE MUMMUIFICATION PROCESS

USING THIS PROCESS THE EGYPATINS, ACCORDING TO THEIR VIEW OF THE WORLD, WERE ABLE TO LIVE FOREVER

DO YOU WANT TO LIVE FOREVER