Global Lab on Metropolitan Strategic Planning

Grand Paris, June 18, 2015

Mumbai Metropolitan Region: Environmental Considerations

Mumbai Metropolitan Region Dev. Authority Website : mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in

The MMR • 4355 sq. km. • 5 Districts (2 full, 3 part) • 22.8 m pop in 2011, CAGR-1.65%/yr

• 62% area has detailed planning • 30% municipal, 32% Special Plng Areas

• 17 Municipalities (35% area, 94% pop) • 1000Villages (65% area, 6% pop)

• 36 Planning Authorities • 14 Infrastructure Agencies • 25% area under designated forests

Urban Areas

MMR - 2014

Built up land Transport network

Environmental features in MMR

Water Features 53 creeks, 13 rivers 2100 water bodies

21 damned reservoirs Bio-Diversity

413 species of Birds 153 butterfly species

279 Marine Fauna 1484 species of Flora

Built Heritage 2 World Heritage Sites 18 Archeological Sites,

25 Forts, 2700 Heritage Sites

Forests - 1100 sq.km. forest

- Wildlife Sanctuary - Bird Sanctuary

- Eco Sensitive Zone

The Existing Land-Use, 2008

Mumbai

Navi Mumbai

53% Agriculture

16% Built up 7% Coastal wetlands

19% Forest

5% Water Bodies

Environmental Features

Coastal features

Agricultural lands

Environmental Features

Air Quality Monitoring

Air Quality Monitoring Stations Air Quality Index

Surface Water Quality Monitoring

Pre and Post Monsoon Water Quality Index

Ground Water Quality Monitoring

Ground Water status and Quality

Mumbai’s Environmental Features

No. Type Of Feature Nos Area

(SqKm) Length (Km)

1 Water Courses 24 -- 1.7

Rivers 5 -- 59

Natural Drains 19 -- 63

2 Coastline Features 46 -- 149

Beaches 15 -- 21

Rocky Outcrops 17 -- 35

Mangrove Stretch 7 -- 60 Mumbai‘s environmental features

No. Type Of Feature Nos Area

(SqKm) Length (Km)

3 Large Urban Greens 7 85.28 --

4 Water Bodies 103 8.58 --

5 Designated Open Spaces 3246 29.68 --

Total Features 3493

Environment – Assessing the region

# Parameter # Parameter

1 BMW Facility 8 Other Hazard

Points

2 CHWTSDF 9 Port

3 Common

Effluent

Treatment

Plant

10 Power Plants

4 E - Waste 11 Quarry

5 MSW Landfill 12 Red

Industries

6 Naval Bases 13 Refineries

7 Oil/ Gas

Terminals

14 Sewage

Treatment

Plant

# Parameter # Parameter

1 Agriculture Land Uses 8 Proximity to water bodies

2 Altitude 9 Slope

3 Coastal Proximity 10 Soil Depth

4 Geomorphology 11 Soil Drainage

5 Land Capability Classes 12 Soil Erosion

6 Land use Land Cover 13 Irrigation Command Areas

7 Protected Areas & Notified

Forests

Environmental Sensitivity Analysis

Vulnerability Analysis Urban Suitability Analysis

# Parameter # Parameter

1 Existing Land Use Land

Cover

9 Proximity to Industries

2 Proximity to Urban Centres 10 Approved Large Proposals

3 Rail Connectivity 11 Slope

4 Road Connectivity 12 Protected Areas

5 Airport Proximity 13 Agricultural Land

6 Port Proximity 14 Coastal Proximity

7 Major Junctions 15 Rivers & Water bodies

8 Proximity to Work Centres 16 Villages Expansions

Environment Analysis

Environmental Sensitivity Urban Suitability

Complementary and Conflicting areas

Focus for environmental Sensitivity analysis: Protection, Conservation and Action Focus for urban suitability Analysis: Identifying development priority areas Focus for vulnerability Analysis: Safeguards for addressing the current situation

The Regional Plan, 1996

• 29% area for development

• 39% area for low

development

• 32% area for conservation

Mumbai Navi Mumbai

The Regi0nal Concerns

1. Lack of a regional identity

2. Pop. growth slowing, empl. increasing, eco. stagnant

3. Manuf. Ind. declining, tertiary jobs not matching

4. Adequacy and equity in Infrastructure and Housing

5. Preservation of hills, forests, waterbodies, coastal wetlands

6. Environmental compliances

7. Rural Urban disparity

8. Data paucity

Policies needed for:

• Dispersal of jobs

• Encouraging manufacturing

• Infra. & housing - equal focus

• Rural development

• Co-ordination of dev. as key

Regionalisation :

• Branding MMR

• Regional infra. projects

• Regional Infrastructure Instt.

• Regional Development Fund

• Regional Information Systems

• Mumbai’s population contribution reduced - 75% to 55% (1981-11)

• Mumbai’s contrn. to decadal addn. reduced - 48% to 13 % (‘91 to ‘11)

• Current gross densities : upto 40,000 P/Sq.Km

Projection for 2011-34 :

• MMR population : 30.43 M

• Mumbai’s share : 37 %

• Pop. growth rates substantially reduced., decline to continue

• Adequacy and quality of environmental infra. is assessed

• High densities may need addl. Lands for spreading growth

• Spread based on analysis of urban suitability and envir. sensitivity

• Proposed to contain intensive use of land

Need for more Urbanisation

Water Resource Management • Integrated Lake Dev. Plan for conservation and rejuvenation of

regional water resources

• Demarcation of dev. prohibited / restricted zones for rivers

• Prohibited - green corridors for plantation, urban farming and nature trails.

• Surface and ground water management – encourage and monitor area specific rain water harvesting practices.

• Through city plans, integration of strategies on providing plantation/permeable areas and detention/holding ponds for flood management

Environmental Strategies for the Regional Plan

Environmental Quality Management • Regional Environmental Information System

• Environmental Risk Management Policy for bldg/infra. constn

• Policy on quarrying, constrn. & debris waste management

• Adequate & regularly monitored air & water monitoring stns.

Planning proposals with due consideration to : • Slopes >20%

• Agri. Land with two crops/plantation/ horticulture

• Irrigation Command Areas

Environmental Strategies for the Regional Plan

Thank You

Regional Structure

Mumbai

Navi Mumbai

Goa

Pune

Ahmedabad

Nashik

Thane

Mumbai

Navi Mumbai

Goa

Pune

Ahmedabad

Nashik

Thane

Train Bus Taxi

Rickshaw Two Wheeler Car

Travel Characteristics of MMR -2005 (Morning Peak Period: 6:00 to 11: AM)

Municipalities and SPAs

Land Use - 2008