multistakeholder internet governance?
TRANSCRIPT
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MultistakeholderInternet Governance?
William H. DuttonQuello Professor of Media and Information Policy
Quello Center, Michigan State UniversityFollow @QuelloCenter
Presentation for the seminar ‘Internet Governance in Latin America: Between Borderless Governance and National Initiatives’, Un. of San Andrés, Buenos Aires, 24 April 2015.
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Outline
• The New Internet World
• The Rise of Governance, Policy & Regulation
• The Idea of Internet Governance
• Multistakeholder v Multilateral Approaches
• The Next Decade
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6%
8%
11%
12%
14%
16%
17%
20%
23%
25%
29%
32%
35%
38% 40%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900
% I
nte
rnet
users
Source: ITU – http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx. March 2015.
World Internet population in %
World Internet population in %
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172
115
1,310
4
467
159
639
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
To
tal n
um
ber
of
Inte
rnet
users
(m
illio
ns)
Source: ITU – http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx. March 2015.
Africa Arab States Asia & Pacific CIS Europe The Americas
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6%
29%
45%
1%
28%
16%
40%
22%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
% o
f w
orl
dw
ide In
tern
et
po
pu
lati
on
Source: ITU – http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx. March 2015.
Africa Arab States Asia & Pacific CIS Europe The Americas
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Reshaping the Idea of the Internet
The Internet
Business Models
Technical Change
Users: Good &
Bad
Policy, Regulation,
Rulings
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Rise of Internet Governance
Internet Governance
Significance of the Net
Digital Divides
Trust Bubble (Snowden)
Moral Panics (Social Media)
‘Left Out’
of Policy
National Policy &
Regulation
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The Idea of Internet Governance?
Narrow Conceptions: Jon Postel, ICANN, IETFDomain Name System (DNS) Root, IP addresses, and related Internet protocol issues
Broad Conceptions Internet-Centric Issues (e.g., names and numbers)User-Centric Issues (skills, up-take, malevolent users)Policy Context of the Internet (anonymity, privacy, …)
Contemporary Conceptions of Governancehybrid, multi-jurisdictional, plural stakeholders, networked (Bevir)
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Ecology of Games
• Norton Long (1958) on Power Structures
• Internet governance as the outcome of an ecology of games
• Games as arenas of competition and cooperation among players to achieve objectives for prizes following rules
• Internet governance is the outcome of an ecology of games (not governed by any single set of stakeholders, or governments)
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Governing a Global Ecology of Choices
Governmental Policy &
Regulation
Self-Regulation (Learning & Education)
Bilateral & Multilateral
Treaties, Inst.
Tech PopulismMultistakeholder
Governance
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Questioning Multistakeholder Approach
Is it dominated by US, or old Internet world?
Is new Internet world left out?
Losing sovereignty in jurisdictional turf struggle?
Are some stakeholders dominant? Internet Firms?
Should gov’t control through multilateral approach?
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Multistakeholder or / and Multilateral: Principles
Multistakeholder
Collaborative Leadership Among Stakeholders with Expertise and Commitment to Particular Problems
Multilateral / Intergovernmental
Sovereign right of governments to determine Internet policy and regulation
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Representation of Stakeholders
MSG: Direct engagement of private sector, business and industry; governments; bilateral and multilateral international institutions; civil society and academia; and non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
MLG: National government agency represents interests of all in bilateral and multilateral treaties and agreements anchored in advice and consultation with all stakeholders
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Role of Governments
MSG: A key category of multiple stakeholders, with legitimacy to decide
MLG: National governments represent other interests in intergovernmental entity
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Process, Authority, Transparency
MSG: • Participatory bottom up• Horizontal across stakeholders• Open
MLG: • Top down consultative• Hierarchical within states and through international
agreements / treaties• Closed with Open Consultation
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Problems with Multilateralism
Diminish open and global net, prioritizing national control
Reduce the value of the Internet, enhanced by every new user, with China as a possible exception, already localized by language?
Trust in government regulation, moving back to a future of pre-liberalization of telecom
Create a stronger ITU, but embedded in a multistakeholderorganization, such as IGF with other multilateral instiutions
Lack of an appropriate regulatory model for the Internet
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Problems with Multistakeholderism
Limited to communication and coordination -soft power v authoritative decisions
Concerns over representation of regions, nations, and stakeholders
Lack a model for regulating the Internet (key to any progress on Internet governance)
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The Next Decade
Last Decade’s Narrative: Technical Innovations
The Next Decade’s Narrative: Policy, Regulation & Governance
At Stake: • The Vitality of the Internet • Global Economic and Social Development• Economic and Social Development of Argentina