multi-well pad well control …well+pad+well+control.pdf · blowouts can occur at surface through...
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MULTI-WELL PAD
WELL CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS & RESPONSE
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Incidents Frequency
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#1 in call-to-action
response
80% of international events
85% domestic events
Wild Well Answers the Call
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Annual Well Control Statistics
3131
38
52
38
26
35
60
49
74
56
97
105
83
9185
102
112
110
156
107
86
0
20
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1801
99
4
19
95
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Worldwide Events
Surface Blowout with Fire
Surface Blowout
Underground Blowout
Pressure Control
Total
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Documented facts show that over 80% of major
catastrophes involve a chain of 7-11 separate
contributing factors (or warning signs) before a
catastrophe occurs.
Blowouts Are NO Different!
Blowouts Do Not “Just Happen”
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Complex/multiwall, high-pressure frac operations
Crew experience vs complacency
Multiwell pads
Suburban settings
Simultaneous operations at the wellsite
Higher pressures being drilled
Lack of certified well control equipment
Aging field/well integrity issues
The Great Crew Change
New Risks for Today’s Operations
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Crew Experience
Lack of understanding and/or knowledge of well control principles/practices
Low level of awareness or concern of well control issues
Reliance on technology alone to understand well control signs
Crew complacency during drilling operations
Lack of proper training of well control equipment and/or systems
Lack of drills
Leading Risks/Factors
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Multi-Well Pads
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Multi-Well Pads
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Freeze Operations on Multi-Well Pad
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Economics- throughout the drilling, completion and production stages having
multiple wells at a single pad site has many economic advantages.
Land Space- regardless of a single well or multiple wells per pad the required
pad size is typically the same. This allows operators to better plan well
placements as well this opens up the ability to work with the land owner for rural
and urban development.
Consolidated Resources- with multiple wells at a single pad site typically
specialized rigs are incorporated to drastically reduce move times. This benefit
carries over to the completion and production aspect as well.
Ease of Well Monitoring- well monitoring times are greatly reduced by allowing
the monitoring of multiple wells at a single stop.
Multi-Well Pad Benefits
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Multi-Well Pad Gas Storage Facility
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Ease of Regulatory Monitoring- operators have a greater ability to monitor, inspect
and react according to local regulatory guidelines with multiple wells at a single
location.
Reduced Environmental Impact- with multiple well assets on
a single pad the environmental impact is greatly reduced
from lease roads, tankage, pipelines, etc.
Multi-Well Pad Benefits
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Continuous Multiwell Frac Operations
Additional risk exposure
vs
cost savings
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The entry of multi-well pads has also opened up the ability to perform SIMOPS
on a pad site. This has benefited the completion side of the industry by allowing
multiple well interventions to take place simultaneously.
Adjacent wells can be prepped during stimulation with coiled tubing, wire line
and or flow back services. The completion process can be sped up dramatically
with reduced non-productive time between stages.
This is a relatively new concept that can be performed safely and efficiently with
proper planning and preparation.
SIMOPS (simultaneous operation)
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Simultaneous Ops – Drilling and Completion Ongoing
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Blowouts occur when a well can no longer be
controlled from surface by mechanical means or
downhole by way of kill weight fluids or a mechanical
barrier.
Blowouts can consist of single phase formation fluids
of oil, gas or water or can be a combination of these
formation fluids.
Blowout
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Loss of Well Control
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Blowouts can occur at surface through failed pressure control equipment, through failed tubulars such as the casing and can also occur subsurface (underground blowout). Subsurface blowouts occur when uncontrolled reservoir fluids flow from a higher pressured formation into a lower pressured formation.
It is not un-common to have both a surface and subsurface blowout occurring simultaneously.
The appropriate reaction to a blowout is directly proportional to the type of blowout occurring.
Blowout
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There are several variables to anticipate for controlling a blowout, however there are
certain methods and interventions that should be considered in multi-well pad blowouts.
Containment
Approach
Wind
Radiant Heat Shielding
Broaching
Relief Well
Emergency Well Kill and T&A
Snubbing and or Coiled Tubing Intervention
Emergency well capping
Reaction & Considerations
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Containment at the pad site early on is crucial
- Earth moving equipment
- Berms & barriers
Approach angle
- Capping operations and other interventions
typically require straight forward approaches
- Excavating may be necessary
- Well proximity can complicate these operations
Reactions & Considerations
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Wellhead setting depth
Common Cellars
Blast Walls
Wellhead spacing
Capping considerations
Fall Protection
Design Considerations
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Wind
- Wind direction and topography play a big role during capping and well control ops.
Radiant Heat Shielding
- Wild Well can construct and advise on placement of heat shielding. Radiant heat can have adverse affects on adjacent wells.
Broaching
- Depending on the depth and severity of the broach there are multiple ways to engage the well
- Well proximity and spacing is vital
Reactions & Considerations
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Relief Well
- In some instances a relief well may be necessary to intercept the blowout well.
- Urban, rural, land access and well trajectories are all vital to proper relief well design
Emergency Well Kill and T&A
- This protects other well assets
- Typically trees are staged the same on pad sites
o This places other wells in flow paths
- Reduced chance of heat or erosion affecting nearby wells
Reactions & Considerations
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Snubbing & Coiled Tubing Interventions
- If the opportunity is present these resources can be very useful in assisting blowout recovery
- Large cranes and support structures can become necessary depending on the circumstances
Well Capping
- Capping can become difficult with tight well spacing
- Often it is necessary to cap on the casing which can require excavating
- Diverting after emergency well head installation is very common
Reactions & Considerations
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Preparedness Today
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Development of a Risk Management Program that
- Identifies the Risks Associated with Control of Well
- Analyzes the Identified Risks / Consequences
- Plans to Mitigate / Minimize Those Identified Risks
The success of a risk management program requires the commitment for long term implementation.
Concept of Risk Management
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Emergency Response Plan
- Well-specific
- Regional
Casing design support – multiphase kick tolerance
analysis
Relief Well Planning
- Not planned on every well
Well Control Training Certification
- IADC WellSharp and WellCap and IWCF
Well Control Planning
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Two phase time transient model
Adjustable operating parameters
More realistic than single bubble models
Kick Modeling
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Evaluate casing design (Kick tolerances, Pressure/Temperature tolerances, Testing)
Maximum expected pressures, pit volume expansion and surface gas rate
Kill rate vs choke line friction pressure
Kill rate vs separator and flare line
Anticipated wellbore pressure for casing design
Well/Equipment Planning
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Preparedness is a necessity.
Develop a comprehensive Well Control Emergency Response Plan (WCERP) & train.
DO NOT HESITATE to activate the Well Control Emergency Response Plan.
Establish relationship with well control contractor
Conduct command post table top exercise
Be proactive. Communicate with the first responders and community
Preparedness
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New technology to protect the operator
- Relief Well Modeling
- Dispersion Exclusion Zone ID
- Subsea Dispersion Zone 2
- Advanced Dispersion Zone 2
- Capping Stack Landing Analysis
- Erosion Modeling
New Tools - Advanced Engineering
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New technology in relief well planning and modeling
make it one of the primary solutions for subsea well
control events.
Pre-drill modeling can confirm the ability to conduct well
kill operations through one or more relief wells, etc.
Advanced Engineering –Pre-Drill Relief Well Modeling
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Radiant heat
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Fire & radiant heat
35
FIRE EFFECTS ON PERSONNEL & EQUIPMENT
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Broaching analysis
Width - Total Time:1.72
Fracture Penetration (m)
100 200 300
1.72 minTVD
m
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
Stress (psi)
4000 5500
Silty
Silty
0.000
0.021
0.042
0.063
0.084
0.105
0.125
0.146
0.167
0.188
0.209
Wid
th -
To
tal c
m
0.307 m/sec
Injecting
carrying
fluid with
no cuttings
Technology Advancements
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Training – Preparing Personnel
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The drilling rig crew and other personnel
on location are the first line of defense in
preventing a well control incident.
They must be trained and prepared.
First line of defense
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IADC – WellSharp and WellCap Certification
- Predominantly Domestic US
IWCF – Certification
- Predominately International
- More In-depth and complex
o Participant have basic math fundaments
Current Industry Training
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Well Specific Readiness Training
- Classroom training on your rigsite
- Critical components
Rig Site Kick drills
- Crew readiness evaluation
- Competency enhancement
- Review of response skills
Rigsite Training
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Protect your employees
Protect the public
Protect the environment
BE PREPARED !
A QUICK RESPONSE
IS MOST IMPORTANT
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ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU