mud morpho - final
TRANSCRIPT
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Master Program in Urban DesignModule Code-AU6030
F.R.Arooz l M.Irfan
UrbanMor!olog"
City: Amsterdam
Country: Netherlands
Province: North Holland
Coordinates: 4° 53' 34.6'' E, 52°22' 22.7'' N
Altitude: 34 m
Population: 741
Land Area: 219.00 sq. km
PopulationDensity:
4 nh.!sq. km
Time Zone: 1 "E#
Districts: $
Currency: E%&( )
Mayor: *o+ "ohen
TelephoneNumber:
31 20
Museums: 72
Theatres: 24
Higher chools!"niversities:
16
Public transportin#o:
%nder-rond,trams, +ses
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#!at is
UrbanMor!olog"
$
Urban Mor!olog" is t!e se%i&%
'TEXTURE’ of a %it" informedb" su%! arameters as(
) Building form
) Street pattern
) Populationdensity
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Former Amsterdam Cit"
,!e eig!t Amsterdam Cit" +uarters
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The beginnings ofAmsterdam
/ ,!e area as &rst settled in t!et! and /0t! Centuries.
/ ,!e generall" a%%eted ie ist!at t!e city grew around adam on the Amstel Rier in t!e
late //00s.
/ Along it! seeral ot!ers1 t!isdam formed a netor2 of di2esalong t!e sout!ern ban2 of t!eAmstel Rier.
/ ne ie is t!at or2ers !o%ame from t!e Utre%!t dio%eselo%ated in 4olland to build t!edi2es built Amsterdam.
/
/ %nhabited mostly bycraftsmen" traders andfarmers" Amsterdam wasgranted a city charter around
&'(( by the Bishop of Utrecht#
/ 5ome !istorians beliee t!at t!is%!arter a%tuall" %on&rmed t!e%it"s rig!ts gien b" t!e 7ord ofAemstel in /800. ,!e oldest re%ord
of t!e %it" dates from /89:.
/ ,!is is t!e toll %on%ession of t!eCount of 4olland1 !i%! statest!at t!e settlers in t!e areaaround t!e dam ere relieedfrom toll a"ments to 4olland1 ast!e" transorted t!eir on goods.
/ ,!is as an essentialarrangement1 be%ause in t!e/800s Amsterdam as under t!e
;urisdi%tion of t!e Utre%!t dio%ese.
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*ediealAmsterdam
,!e /8t!-Centur" <oodsdestro"ed a large art of t!efarmland1
so t!e oulation turned to
%rafts1 &s!ing and s!iing tosustain itself.
,!e %onstru%tion of t!e damturned t!e estuar" of t!e Amstelinto a natural ort =resent-da"Damra2>1 t!e oldest ort of t!e%it".
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The +olden Age
/ ,!e &rst big e?tension
lan as formed in t!e&rst de%ade of t!e/9t!%entur".
/ @e%ause t!e %it" as
literall" full after t!eolden Age started.
/ It as de%ided to builda %anal ring around t!e
old %it" and moe t!edefense all outard=oer /2m eastards andalmost /2m to t!e est>.
/ The canal ring wasbuilt in two phases"
Amsterdam1 /:3B =loo2ingfrom nort! to sout!>.
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,!e re-/600 Inner %it"toda"
,!e dam in t!e %entre is no Dam 5uare. ,!e %it" is alled =on t!e left side at eedi;2 and on t!e rig!t at 5ingel>.
,!e attern of t!e old %it" is still inta%t1 it! some of t!e atera"s noaed.
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Pla%e E Date( Fran2furt E /636 1 Amsterdam Ma
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A /6:9 ma s!oing t!e large %anal ring e?tension =sout! side u>.
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The canal ring todayA &,-. map showing the largecanal ring e/tension
The 0rst e/tension of the canal ring =from @rouersgra%!t in t!e
est to 7eidsegra%!t> as a !uge relief to t!e city" releasing thepressure on its land#
It as &lled u ui%2l" it! some of t!e ri%!est uroeans migrating toone of t!e %lass" %anals. ,!e se%ond e?tension =%omleting t!e%on%entri% !alf to t!e east> as &nis!ed b" t!e time t!e %it"s immense
roserit" !ad alread" started to de%rease.
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,itle( Amsterdam. Fameu? Port de Mer Ma
Ma2er( Gi%olas De Fer
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Seenteenth1century canal ring area of Amsterdam inside
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De Hordaan as also art of t!e &rst%anal ring e?tension.
%t was a planned segregation"with the three canals built for t!e
ri%! =ese%iall" 4eren- andeizersgra%!t>1 and t!e Hordaan areabuilt for t!e oorer or2ers andindustries.
The city’s economy only reallystarted growing again in thesecond half of the &2th century#
,!at is !en lans for e?ansion eremade again.
The 0rst residential bit outside ofthe canal &.th century e/tension
was built in &3.( =as art of
an /B66 lan t!an neer as e?e%utede?%et for t!is art1 be%ause it turned
out to be too e?ensie>.
4e 5ordaantoday
6irst &2th century e/pansion of 4e Pi7p
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The &3., Plan18al9 Staatsliedenbuurt" part of the &3., Plan
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Plan :uid#
Plan :uid today#
,!e ne/t largee/pansions ereunderta2en beteen
&2;( and &2<(1
%onsisting of Plan uid=5out!>1 designedb" @erlage1 and Plan#est.
,!ese deelomentsin%luded a lotof Amsterdam 5%!ool
ar%!ite%ture.
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/300
/K00
/600
/68:
/98:
/00
)%ST=R%>A? E@=?UT%=
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DFG5 7IG F AM5,RDAMCI,L #A77 F #A,R
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#!at is t!e Defense7ine of Amsterdam$
The 4efense ?ine ofAmsterdam =5telling anAmsterdam in Dut%!> is a /3: 2mlong %ir%ular defense at &-1;( m
around the capital Amsterdam#
It as built b" t!e Ministr" of Car mostl" beteen about &33& and&2&<#
It %onsists of 3 to : 2m ide<ooded areas =inundations> andthirty si/ forts" two coastal forts"two fortresses" four batteries and
two coastal batteries#
Additionall" man" more inletslui%es1 se%ondar" batteries anddeots ere %onstru%ted.
This was all done to defend the ational 8eep" the last line ofdefense" of the 8ingdom of the etherlands#
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Alt!oug! ba%2 t!en not man" in!abitants ould !ae 2non mu%!about t!e forts1 t!e militar" resen%e in tons and in t!e rural areasmust !ae been large and at t!e same time er" %ommon.
Also t!e foreign t!reat b" three superpowers surrounding
,!e Get!erlands( United 8ingdom" +ermany and 6rance#
@e%ause of adan%ing te%!niues of artiller"1 infantr"1 air lanes1nu%lear eaons and so on1 t!e Defense 7ine lost its role in t!e Dut%!defenses.
@ut also be%ause of t!e disaearan%e of t!e foreign treat1 !i%!after #orld #ar II a%tuall" %!anged into a %ommon defense.
Een today the in!uence of the 4efense ?ine is remarable# ,!e arm" is scarcely present but the country planning andinfrastructure can largely be attributed to the 4efense ?ine#
@e%ause of a se%ial la1 building along t!e 4efense ?ine hashardly taen place and new rail and roadways had to run alongthe forts#
,!e Defense 7ine as ins%ribed to t!e UNESCO World Heritage
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Ater the eond orld ar, the reqrement or
ermanent deense orks as dmnshed.
#hs meant the end o# the De#ense Line and ordeades the orts ere sed as a stora-e deot
and -arded onl + a athman ho, to-ether
th hs aml, led n a athman's hose.
The De#ense Line % Civil usage
#o mas rom 1910 and 1995 th the orts,
nndatons and the e&panded built areas$
8rom aterl:n)
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7arge arts of Amsterdam are lo%ated belo sea leel1 it! %ertain
olders set at more t!an 6 meters belo.
SEA ?E@E? =6 T)E A*STER4A*
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RBA 4ES%TD PETTER
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?A4 USE =6 A*STER4A*
8KN - ater 88N - residential /:N -agri%ultural and
nature /K N - industrial /KN - ar2s 9N - %onstru%tion
6N - infrastru%ture
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%?4 6=R* =6 RES%4ET%A? % A*STER4A*
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/31000 dellings in /0 store" !ig! rise aartments.
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r2-li2e lands%aes beteen t!e blo%2s it! /01000 dellings.
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!ouses and gardens
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4 @A?UES 6=R )U*A SETT?E*ET % A*STER4A*
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)%ST=R%> URBA @=?U*E
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4%STR%BUT%= =6 >=**ER>%A? A>T%@%T%ESBD DEAR
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*STER4A* =E =6 T)E +REE >%TD % EUR=PE
Oondelar2
Gieue Die 7a2e
7eidse @os;e
,!e art!uizer!of alm!ouses
,!e Oererstraat
Peole born in
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Peole born inAmsterdam lieon t!e outs2irts
of t!e %aital.
- For KK er%ent of%urrent residents1
Amsterdam asalso t!eir la%e of
birt!.
- ne t!ird ofresidents of t!e
%it" %entre=@innenstad> ere
born inAmsterdam.
- @orn and bredAmsterdam
residents aremainl" found ont!e outs2irts1 in
muni%ialuarters.
Peole born and liing in Amsterdam b"
?odus from t!e
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?odus from t!e%entre to t!e garden
illages.
- In neig!bour!oods int!e %it" %entre onl"
one uarter ofresidents ere born in
Amsterdam.- ,!e roortion is
een loer =one &ft!>in @urgallen-Gieue
i;de.
- Residents of theseneighbourhoods
were predominantlyborn outside the
capital.
- The highestproportions ofpeople born in
Amsterdam lie inthe ad7acent garden
illages #
Peole born else!ere liing in Amsterdam b"
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E>T%@%TD =6 T)E A*STER4A*
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,erra%e in t!e Oondelar2 4ouseboats in t!e %analsGauti%al eent
T)E A>T%@%T%ES >=TR%BUT%+ T= )%+)>=E>T%@%TD % A*STER4A*
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More lieable %it"
7ess noise
nuisan%e
Imroement
of road safet"
E=P?E *=@E*ET BD *=T=R @E)%>?E
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,o-a" bi2e at! in t!e middle of a %ar-free zone in Amsterdam.
5e%ial ,ra% signals gie%"%lists
er !alf of all bi2etris inAmsterdam are b"omen.
Amsterdam(C"%ling Caital of
uroe
E=P?E *=@E*ET BD B%>D>?E
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P?E *=@E*ET BD *ETR= ?%ES A4 6ERRD R=UTES
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PE=P?E *=@E*ET BD TRA* ?%ES
Amsterdam !as a &nel" mes!ed tram netor2
,!ere are a great man" stos1 ese%iall" in t!e%it" %entre and t!e surrounding
Man" tramlines trael t!roug! t!e %it"s s!oing streets1 t!us ensuring good a%%essibilit".
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Future Proosal onAmsterdam Cit"
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#ill t!e %it" of Amsterdam soon
build Qa lab"rint! %it"Q beneat! its %anals$
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AM5,RDAM 5U@CI,L - A ne underground %it" for Amsterdam1
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Ma"be so.A%%ordingto World ArchitectureNews1QGesaersaround uroe!ae beenreorting on t!e
s%!eme1 !i%!reuires t!ecitys canalsto be drainedto allow theconstruction
of a astundergroundmi/ed1usecomple/beneat!.
Fa range of underground facilities### at ariousF
A tl th
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1Apparently" thepro7ect is een
technically feasibleG
-,!e Dut%! %aital ma" be uniue as itsgeolog" lends itself to t!e te%!ni%alfeasibilit" of t!is s%!eme.
-Mos!S arts e?lained1
FAmsterdam sites on a '(1metre layer of waterproof
clay which will be usedtogether with concreteand sand to mae newwalls#
-
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But does that meanAmsterdam should
really build itH
For instan%e1 World ArchitectureNews is uite oosed to t!e ro;e%t
"et t!e Telegraph reorts t!at Fthepro7ect has beenapproed byAmsterdams citycouncil# >onstruction
wor" lasting up to ;(years" is e/pected tobegin in ;(&3#I
-Ma"be t!e" s!ould build it and use it
as a penal colony#
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Amsterdam1 80
K0 $
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Four ma;or t!rusts V
/. Rolling out the citycentre
;# %nterweaing metropolitan landscape
and city
'# The rediscoery of thewaterfront
<# %nternationaliJation of southern!an
lli h i
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&# Rolling out the citycentre/. Almost all t!e neig!bour!oods
it!in t!e A&( orbitalmotorway no disla" %it"-%entre traits.
;# ?iing within the ring roadis !ig!l" desirable1 t!e ar2s int!is area are attra%ting moreand more isitors1 and for%reatie and 2noledge-basedenterrises t!is area is t!eideal business lo%ation.
3. The abundance and arietyof amenities in t!e nort!ernart of t!e Pi; and ld-#estneig!bour!oods %an rett"
mu%! !old t!eir on againstt!ose in t!e !istori%al inner
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=ne of thespatial trends is
that
Amsterda
msmetropoli
tan centreis being
used
K 5eeral neig!bour!oods t!at
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K. 5eeral neig!bour!oods t!atere out of faour not so longago are no being setonards and uards in t!isKroll1out of the city centre#
:. ,!is 'ma;or t!rust emanatesfrom t!e enormous magnetismof t!e heart of Amsterdamfor countless people"enterprises and institutions#
6. 4oeer1 t!e scarcity ofspace means t!at eole are
ala"s for%ed to sear%! a littlefurt!er out(
&rst in t!e /t!-%entur" distri%tsad;a%ent to t!e %it" %entre1 t!enin t!e surrounding belt of
deeloment realized in t!e/80s to /K0s1 and now the
; % t i t lit
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;# %nterweaing metropolitanlandscape and city
/. ,!is means t!at t!e %it" is heaily
dependent on its immediatesurroundings#
8. #ell-!eeled Amsterdam residents
alread" soug!t t!eir recreation inthe circum7acent enironsduring the 4utch +olden Age#
'# >ountry estates sprung up in alldirectionsGto t!e est =along t!e IH atera">1sout! =alongside t!e Rier Amstel>1east =along t!e Rier Oe%!t> and
nort! =in t!e @eemster Polder>.
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Amsterdamis surroundedb" a !ig!l"dierse
lands%ae1t!e so-%alledmetroolitanlands%ae.Thispenetratesfar into thecity in theform ofwedges ofgreenery"whichincreasethe citysappeal andresentsAmsterdam
it! t!eossibilit" of
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K. ,!at lands%ae as in%ororatedinto Cornelis an esterens /3:eneral ?tension Plan =AUP> asgreen wedges penetrating intothe e/panding city#
:. The landscape was partly agien =t!e Rier Amstel and t!e IHinlet> and partly constructed=t!e manmade Amsterdamse @osoodland ar2 and t!e 5loterlasla2e>.
6. ,!e ambition of t!e 5tru%turalOision is to eep the greenwedges green" improe theiraccessibility and ma2e t!em
more attra%tie for re%reationaluse.
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'# The rediscoery of thewaterfront
/. ,!e IH atera" and t!e IHmeere?anse of ater !ae a arti%ularl"high e/periential alue and o9ermany possibilities for recreation#
;# The waterfronts and shorelinesoJer %ountless oortunities for urbandeeloment1 ese%iall" in t!eobsolete port precincts andindustrial Jones#
3. Amsterdam and t!e aan region %anbe !"si%all" interconnected iathe %5 waterfront and the bans ofthe Rier :aan#
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The water in and around the city is of one of the Lualitiesthat distinguishes Amsterdam from most other metropolises#
The awareness that this is a huge asset for the city will onlygrow stronger#
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'# The deelopment of thesecond phase of IHburg and t!e
eeburger Island1 Amsterdam ill0nally gain a new Kcity lobe" %omarable it! Amsterdam-5out!east =t!e @i;lmer> and@uiteneldertEAmsteleen.
K. Due to all t!ese deeloments1 t!eIH atera" is be%omingin%reasingl" %entral it!in t!emetroolitan footrint1 !ile itcontinues to ran among the
busiest inland shipping routesin the etherlands.
:. A deli%ate tas2 is t!e ugrading oft!e natural ualities of t!e IHmeer1
< %nternationaliJation of southern !an
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<# %nternationaliJation of southern !an
/. 5tation-uid1 at t!e !eart of uidas1 ill be%ome one of t!emost important public transport hubs in theetherlands#
8. ,!e main drier of t!ese deeloments is t!e large bundle ofinfrastru%ture t!at lin2s Amsterdam it! t!e ot!ermuni%ialities in t!e Randstad %onurbation1 it! t!e rest of t!eGet!erlands1 it! uroe and1 ia 5%!i!ol Airort1 it! t!eorld.
3. Ge initiaties su%! as t!e deeloment of t!e %orridorbeteen 5%!i !ol Air ort and uidas and t!e furt!er
A t d
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References M httpGNNwww#amsterdam#nlNwonen1
leefomgeingNstructuurisieNstructural1ision1amNfour1ma7or1thrusts internationale
Amsterdamssout!ern <an2is a su%%ession
of massie
ro;e%ts( thee/pansion
of SchipholAirport" the
deelopment of
:uidas andthe
intensi0cation of theresidential
andbusiness
areas in
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M,AP4R F ,4 CI,L
Amsterdam as A ater Cit"
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Amsterdam as A ater Cit"
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comes O
gre around a dam on Amstel rier in ast.
tuall" t!e" deeloed t!e %anal s"stem and e?ansed t!e %it" boundries.
ture t!e" for%using on deeloing t!e aterfront and underneat! t!e %anal s"s
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!tt(EE%it"breat!s.%omEtaggedEAmsterdam
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