msp in norway: lessons learned the and barents seas plans · pdf file ·...
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MSP in Norway: Lessons learned from the Norwegian and Barents seas plans
Erik Olsen
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Background•
Norway is developing integrated
area‐based management plans for Norwegian EEZs in:
–
Barents Sea. Established in 2006
–
Norwegian Sea. Established in 2009
–
North Sea. Development strated
•
Plans are ecosystem‐based, use the precautionary approach
•
Top‐down process led by the Ministry of Environment with collaboration from 4 other
ministries–
Used underlying government institutes
and agencies to develop the knowledge
base
BarentsBarentsSeaSea
Norwegian Norwegian SeaSea
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Organization – Barents Sea
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Planning prosess
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Areas of biological importanceCod Capelin
Olsen et al., 2010 ICES JMS
Spawning Areas Larvae areas
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Valuable area Barents Sea
Lofoten – VesterålenMajor spawning grounds, High Biodiversity
Tromsøflaket bank areaRetention area, spawning area, sponges
Eggakanten (edge of cont. shelf)Spawning, feeding area birds + mammals
Bear IslandRetention area, benthos, seabirds
Coastal zoneSpawning, feeding seabirds and fish
Polar frontProduction, feeding fish, birds + mammals
Ice edge (variable)Production, biodiverstiy, feeding
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Barents Sea management framework
20062010
40 °35 °30 °25 °20 °15 °10 °5 °
85 °75 °65 °55 °45 °35 °25 °15 °5 °0 °-5 °-15 °-25 °-35 °-50 °-75 °
81 °
76 °
71 °
76 °
71 °
-65
°-4
0 °
-30
°-2
0 °
-15
°-5
°
45 °
50 °
55 °
60 °
65 °
80 °
Management plan areaShipping routes
Ecologically valuable areasDisputed area
Oil/gas discoveries
High intensity fishingFramework for petroleum industry
No petroleum activityNo new petroleum activities
No drilling, March - September
Norway
Russia
Spitzbergen
Franz Josef Land
Greenland
Lofoten
Polar front
Bear Island65 km zone
Ice-edge
Lofoten - Vesterålen
Tromsøflaketbank area
Olsen et al. 2007, ICES JMS, Olsen et al. 2007, ICES JMS,
No Petroleum Activities-Lofoten – Vesterålen-Eggkanten-Bear Island-Polar front-Ice-edge-Coastal zone 0 – 35km
No NEW Petroleum Activities-Coastal zone 35 – 50 km
No drilling March - August-Coastal zone 50 - 65 km-Tromsøflaket
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The Norwegian Sea plan
•
Similar organization to the Barents Sea plan
•
Similar structure of development, 3 phases starting with describing the environment
and conducting EIAs
of the human impacts
•
Started in 2006, ratified by Stortinget (parliament) in 2009
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Valuable areas Norwegian Sea
Jan MayenHigh production, seabirds, mammals
Arctic frontHigh production, seabirds, mammals
Coastal zoneSpawning area, seabirds, mammals, kelp
Eggakanten continental shelf breakSpawning, feeding fish, birds + mammals
Sklinna BankSpawning area, retention area
IverryggenCold-water coral reefs, MPA(?)
Halten BankSpawning area, retention area
Sula and FroanCold-water coral reefs, seabirds, mammals
RemmanKelp, MPA(?)
Møre bank areaSpawning, kelp, seabirds, whales, MPA(?)
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Something Fishy with how the oil industry analyzed the effects of large oil spills on the
ecosystem….
Even a (modelled) worst case spill could only kill 56% of a year class.
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How are Environmental consequences of a spill evaluated?
•
Current practice is through the use of Risk Assessment:
–
Use best available knowledge to estimate a value of all parameters
included in the analysis
–
Variability and heterogenity is typically handled by using average values or
multiple simulations
–
Uncertainty is not communicated directly, but handled by
•
Adding security factors
•
Choosing conservative values
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At low population sizes stock aggregate in core areas
Distribution of herring larvae 1968- 77 (proxy for spawning grounds)This is where the entire stock spawned in 1972.
A single large spill could have affected the whole year-class with dramatic longterm (decades) consequences..
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Norwegian Sea petroleum
framework
No new petroleum activities (to be revised in 2014)
Seasonal restrictions on drilling
Active petroleum licenses
Seasonal restrictions on seismic exploration inshore of 500m
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Implementation
•
Annual reporting on:–
State of the environment
–
Achievement of goals
–
Knowledge base
•
Revision of the plan every 4 years, the first time in 2010 (Barents Sea) and 2014
(Norwegian Sea)–
Allows for a changing enviroment
–
Allows politicians to change their mind!
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Quantitative valuesetting of areas
•
In both plans to date value‐ setting has been based on
expert judgement only
•
A project is under way to map, quantify and integrate
the value of the marine environment
–
Semi‐quantitative process
–
Developing a web‐based GIS application to be used for
managers