KARANATAKA STATE OPEN UNIVERSITY

M.SC CHEMISTRY

SYLLABUS

Regulations Governing ‘M.SC Chemistry

1. Title of the Program: M.SC CHEMISTRY

2. Duration of the Program: 2 Year

3. Nature of the Program: Semester System

4. Eligibility Conditions: B.Sc (Chemistry / Bio-Chemistry)

5. Allocation of Credits – Total -74- Credits

6. Evaluation System :

The distribution of marks for evaluation in each subject shall be as

follows –

Theory Subjects :

Internal assessment 20 marks

Term End University Examination 80 marks

Practicals :

Internal assessment ( for each practical) 20 marks

Term End University Examination 80 marks

Project :

Internal Assessment 50 marks

University Examination 150 marks

Minimum for pass :32 marks per course in theory and aggregate 40%

including assessment

Course exemption : 40% marks and above in each course

IYEAR-I Semester

Subject

Code Course Title Credits

INT

MARKS

EXT

MARKS

TOTAL

MARKS

I SEMESTER

1.1 Organic Chemistry-I 4 20 80 100

1.2 Inorganic Chemistry-I 3 20 80 100

1.3 Physical Chemistry 4 20 80 100

1.4 Environmental Chemistry 4 20 80 100

1.5 Laboratory-Inorganic

Chemistry 4 20 80 100

II SEMESTER

2.1 Organic Chemistry-II 3 20 80 100

2.2 Inorganic Chemistry-II 4 20 80 100

2.3 Physical Chemistry-II 4 20 80 100

2.4 Bio-organic Bio-Inorganic, and

Bio-physical Chemistry 4 20 80 100

2.5 Laboratory-Inorganic

Chemistry 4 20 80 100

III SEMESTER

3.1 Organic Chemistry-III 4 20 80 100

3.2 Inorganic Chemistry-III 4 20 80 100

3.3 Physical Chemistry-III 4 20 80 100

3.4 Computational Chemistry 3 20 80 100

3.5 Laboratory-Physical Chemistry 4 20 80 100

IV SEMESTER

4.1 Principles of Analytical

Chemistry 4 20 80 100

4.2 Surface Chemistry 4 20 80 100

4.3 Chemistry of materials 4 20 80 100

4.4

Project 5 50 150 200

SUBJECT CODE: 1.1

SUBJECT: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - I

UNIT I

Mechanism of electron displacement in Organic molecules: Effect of

structures in the dissociation constant of acids bases-EDA complexes crown

ether complexes – inclusion compounds – Quantitative treatment of the effect

of structure on reactivity – the hemmett relationship – significance of reaction

of reaction and substituent constants – application of the Hammett equation –

Limitation and deviations.

Introduction to reaction mechanism – reactive intermediates – free radicals –

carbenes nitrenes – carbanios – carbocations – Formation and stability of these

species. Aromatic electrophillic disubstitition – partial rate factors. Kinetic and

non – kinetic methods of, determining organic reaction mechanism.

UNIT II

Stereochemistry: Study of symmetry of molecules-as symmetric and

dissymmetric molecules-concept of chirality and optical isomerism-molecules

with more than one chiral centre – Axial chairality in allenes, biphenyls and

spiranes. R, S – notation of the above molecules, stereocpecificity and

steroselectivity, asymmetrics synthesis – Cram’s rule – Prelog’s rule. E, Z –

nomenclature of geometrical isomers.

Conformational Analysis: Conformations of cyclic systems up to six-

membered – conformational analysis of mono-and disubstituted cyclohexanes –

Effect of conformation of decalins per hydro phenentherenes.

UNIT III

Alkaloids: Structure, synthesis and stereochemistry of the following alkaloids.

Quinine, Norphine, streptomycin and Tetracyclin.

Antibiotics: Structure and synthesis of the following: Chloramphenicol,

cephalosporin – C, penicillin, streptomycin and Tetracyclin.

UNIT IV

Aromatic: Benzenoid and non-benezenoid aromatic compounds-Hackle’s rule

concept of homoaromaticity and anti-aromaticity – systems with 2,4,6,8, and

10 electrons. Annulenes – Fulvene, azulene and tropolones.

Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis and reactions of sydnones, carbazole

and imidadole – structure elucidation of flavones, quercetin, cyanic, caffeine,

theobromine and theophylline.

UNIT V

Aliphatic and aromatic nuclecophillic substitution : SN1and SN2

mechanisms – effect of substrate structure, nucleophile, leaving group and the

solvent on nucleophillic substitution-symphoria – NGP due to n π and

electrons SN1, SN2, SNi and SN I; mechanisims.

Eliminations: E1,E2, and E1,CB mechanism – effect of the subsrate structure,

base solvent and the leaving group on elimination – Hofmann, saytzess and

Bredt’s rules. Aromatic nucleophillic, substitution – benzyne mechanism – von

Richter rearrangement.

Mechanism of addition to multiple bonds: Stereo chemical factors in the

addition of the following to carbon – carbon double bonds, hydrogen halogens,

hydrogen halide hydro oration – hydroxylation. Mechanism of mannich

reaction, Claisen ester condensation, Dieckman condensation, sobbed

condensation Darzen’s reaction, Refomatsky reaction, Witting and Grignard

reactions – Stock’s enamine reaction – Michael addition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

UNIT I

1. The Modern structure Theory of Organic Chemistry L.N.Fergusar-Prentc

Hall.

2. Mechanism and Structure in Organic Chemistry E.S Gould-Henry Holt

& Co

3. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry-T.H.Lowry and

K.S.Richarson.

4. Organic Chemistry-S.Pine Mc. Graw Hill, kogakusha LTD.

5. Advanced Organic Chemistry-Jerry March,J.Wiley.

6. Organic Chemistry –R.T Morrison and Boyd, Prentice Hall.

7. A Guide book to Mechanism in Organic chemistry. P.Sykes- Orient

Longman.

8. Organic Chemistry Vol.IIl Finar ,ELBS

9. Fundamental of Organic Reaction Mechanism J.M. Harris and C.C

Warnser –John Wiley & Sons

10. Reaction Mechanism In Organic Chemistry –BanSal

11. Advance Organic Chemistry –Part –A F.A Carey and R.j Sundberg

12. Correlation Analysis In Orgsnic Chemistry- J.Shorter –Clarendress.

Press, oxford

UNIT II

1. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds- E.L.Eliel, Mc. Graw Hill.

2. Introduction to Stereochemistry –K.Miislow –Benjamin

3. Stereochemistry –V.M Potapov- MIR Publishers.

4. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds –Principle & Application,

D.Nasipuri - Wiley-Eastern LTD

5. Sterochemistry –Conformation and Mechanism –R.S Kalsi –Wiley

Eastern.

6. Organic Chemistry –Vol II ELBS

UNIT III

1. The Alkaloids-Bentley-Inter Science Publishers.

2. Chemistry of Alkaloids –Pelletier

3. The Chemistry of Organic Nature Products –O.P Agarwal- Goel

Publishing House.

4. Organic Chemistry Vol I.L Finar ELBS

5. Monograph Series as “The Alkaloids”

6. Medical Chemistry –A .Burges- Academoc Press

UNIT IV

1. Aromatic Character and Aromaticity –G.M. Badger –CamBridge

2. Aromaticity –S.J Garelt Hill.

3. Advance Organic Chemistry –J.March, Wiley

4. Organic Chemistry Vol. I& II- Finar ,ELBS

5. Chemistry of Heterocyclic compound –R.M. Acheson –Wiley Eastern.

6. The Chemistry of Organic Natural Products- O.P Agarwal –Goel

Publishing House.

UNIT V

1. The Mechanism and Theory In Organic Chemistry T.H Lowry and K.S

Richardson.

2. Advanced Organic Chemistry –J.March, Wiley.

3. Mechanisms and Structure in Organic Chemistry .E.S Gould- Henry Holt

& Co, New York.

4. Fundamental of Organic Reaction Mechanisms J.M. harris and C.Warser

–John Wiley & sons.

5. AGuide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry P.Sykes –Orient

Longman

6. Reaction Mechanism In Organic Chemistry –Bansal

7. Organic Chemistry –R.T Morrison &R.N Boyd

8. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds- E.L Eliel –Mc Graw Hill.

9. Organic Chemistry Vol-IL Finar

10. Advanced Organic Chemistry –Part A F.A Corey and R.J sundberg-

Plemum Press

SUBJECT CODE: 1.2

SUBJECT: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

UNIT I

Bonding and Stereochemistry: Electronic Configuration of element

0signification of quantum number- polyelectronic atom- Pauli’s- Aufbau

principle-qualitative treatment of VB and MO theory –σ and Л bonds –

hybridisation and resonance- application of VB and MO theory –the electro

deficient molecule-boron hydrides and metal alkyls.

Bond order –Bound energy- bound length- bound polarity-partial ionic

character-eletronegativity and different scales of Pauling, mulliken, Aldrich and

Rochow and Sanderson Scales- Coversion to Pauling scale- periodicity of

electronegatirity, electron affinity and ionic radius-lattice energy affinity or

lattice energy –covalent character ionic compounds- different types of

electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bounding Stereochemistry, VSEPR,walsh

diagrams (tri and penta atomic molecules) d Л – p Л bounds Bent’s rule and

energetic of hybridisation –use of Bents rule – “apicophilicy”.

UNIT II

Solid State Chemistry: Elements of Crystallography- Space lattice –Unit cell-

crystal systems – X-ray diffraction ,Bragg’s equation –Bragg’s methods-

rotating method and power method of X-ray diffraction –Struture of typical

Lattices such as calcite Zinc blende, Wurtzite Rutile, Fluorite’ antifluorite,

pervosakite.Crystal defects in solids-line and plane defects –non-stoichiometry-

scjotty and Frenkel defects and colour centers: Solid electrolytes.

Free electron and band theory –semiconductors- Hall effect –Photovoltaic and

solar energy conversion –superconductivity-high temperature super

conductors- cooper electrons - Meissenner effect and levitation.

UNIT III

Nuclear Chemistry: Radioactivity and modes of decay – σ, β and y – Different

types of nuclear reaction with natural and artificial particles – Q value, cross

section, spellation, fission and fusion. Characteristics of fission reaction,

product distribution and for fission of liquid drop model, fissile and fertile

isotopes: nuclear fusion and stellar energy. Transmutation of elements and

chemical effect on transmutation. Isotopes and their application, radioactive

analysis and counting techniques Geiger –Muller, Ionisation; proportional and

scintillation counter)

Radio analytical Methods: Neutron activation analysis-Isotopic dilution

methods- Radiometric titrations.

UNIT IV

Coordination Chemistry and Magnetism: Bounding in coordination

Compound Nature of metal- ligand bound: VB theory-Electro neutrality

principle and back bounding –crystal field effects for

octahedral,tetragonal,square planar and tetrahedral symmetries, application of

CFT –Site preferences; spectrochemical series and nephalauxitic effect :MO

theory for octahedral, complexes- pi bounding and MOT;- static and dynamic

Jahn-Teller behaviour.

Magnetic behaviour-dia, Para, Ferro and antiferro magnetisms: magnetic

moment determination by Guoy and Faraday methods; Spain only value and

its deviation-Quenching of orbital angular moment a and spin-orbit coupling.

Determination of geometry of Co and Ni complexes from magnetic data. Spam

Cross over Phenomenon; magnetic properties of lanthanides and actinides.

UNIT V

Metallurgy and Inorganic Polymers: Occurrence, isolation, purification,

properties and uses of the following metals and their important compounds: Zr,

Ge, Pu, Th, U and Os.

Silicates: Various silicate structure- property correlation- silicones –polyacids-

structure of heteropoly and isopolyacids- Polymeric sulphur nitride-borazines –

phosphonitrilic compounds- boranes and carboranes

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Jame E. Huheey, Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and

Reactivity (Harper Collins)

2. K.F. Parcel and J.C Kotz, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (Saunders

Golden)

3. G.C.Demitrass et.all, Inorganic Chemistry,(prentice Hall).

4. B.E Douglas, D.H.Mc. Daniel and J.J Alexander, Concepts and Models of

Inorganic Chemistry.

5. H.J Emeleus and A.G. Sharpe, Modern Aspect of Inorganic Chemistry.

6. M.C Day Jr and J. selbin, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, East West

Press.

7. F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic chemistry, John Wiley.

8. N.N.Greenwood and a Earn show, chemistry of Elements, pregamon.

9. L.Araroff, Introduction to solids, Tata Mc Graw –Hill.

10. C.Kittel, Introduction to Solids State physics, Wiley Eastern.

11. A.F Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, ElBS.

12. M.V. Keeer, Principales of the Solid state, Wiley Eastern.

13. A.R. West Solid State Chemistry and Application ,Plinom.

14. D.k. Chakrabarthy, Solid Stete chemistry Ne Age International.

15. S.Glasstone, Sources Book on Atomic Energy .East West Press.

16. H.L Armiger, Essential Of Nuclear chemistry, Wiley Eastern.

17. G.Fridlander, J.W Kennedy E.S.Macias and J.M.Miller.

18. Nuclear and Radio chemistry. John Wiley and Sons.

SUBJECT CODE: 1.3

SUBJECT: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-I

UNIT I

Thermodynamics: Thermodynamics of the system of Variable Composition.

Partial Molar quantities a partial Mol or volume , Experimental determination,

chemical potential, Gibbs Duhem Equation- Thermodynamic properties of real

gases- Fugacity, Determination of fugacity of real gases, the concept of activity

for condensed states, Thermodynamic equation of states- derivation and

application. Maxwell there modynamic relations.

Thermodynamic Properties at absolute Zero: De Dondee treatment of

Chemical Equilibrium-non equilibrium thermodynamics, entropy production,

on sager Reciprocal Relationship. Three compound system-Partially miscible

three liquid systems, formation of one pair two Paris and three pairs of partially

miscible liquids. System composed of two solids and a liquid. Gystallisation of

pure components only, formation of solid solution and partial miscibility of

solid phases.

UNIT II

Quantum Mechanics-I: Postulates of quantum mechanics. Schrödinger time

independent equation Wave function Operation- Linear and hermit an

Operator, Method of settings up quantum mechanical operation. Eigen

Function and Eigen values. Degeneracy, Orthogonality and normalisation of

wave function .commuting and non-commuting operators. Non-commuting

operators and uncertainty principle.

Application of Quantum mechanics of simple system –free particle, particle in

ID Box, particle in 3D (Cubic box and rectangular) Box, simple harmonic

oscillator rigid rotator and hydrogen atom.

UNIT III

Quantum Mechanics-II: Approximation method- Perturbation theory (first

order only) and variation method secular equation and secular determinants.

Helium atom and Effective nuclear charge. Electron spin and Paul is principle

Slater determinant, Born- Oppenheimer approximation. Hatree Fock self

Consistent Field methods of many electron systems. LCAO approximation MO

methods for H2+H2 VB treatment of hydrogen molecule .Hybridisatiin. Huckel

theory of conjucated systems bound order and charge density calculation,

Application to ethylene and butadiene.

UNIT IV

Statistical Thermodynamics: Aim of Statistical thermodynamics. Boltzman

distribution law and its derivation. Partition function. Derivation of expression

for translation; rotational and vibrational partition function. Thermodynamic

properties from partition function. Quantum statists –Fermi Dirneand Bose –

Einstenin and Debye theories of heat capacities of Solids

UNIT V

Electrochemistry: Debye – Huckel theory of ion interaction derivation and

experimental verification activity co-efficient Debye Huckel Limiting Law.

Modification of Debye Huckel Limiting law. Kinetics of electrode processes-

Butler- volmer equation Tafel curves electrical double layer –Zeta Potential-

Electro kinetic Phenomena

Vollammetry and Paleography – current –voltage relationships, dropping

mercury electrode, half-wave potential , Application of Polargraphy,

Coulometry- Primary and secondary coulometric analysis, anperometric

titrations, chronopotentiometry - cyclic voltammery Electrochemical energy

conversion- storage and fuel cells Thermodynamics of fuel cells

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. S.Gasstone –Thermodynamic for chemists.

2. S.Glasstone-An introduction to electro chemistry.

3. B. Viswanathan, etal Electro chemistry.

4. DR Crow, Principles and Application of Electrochemistry

5. L.Antropov,Theoretical electrochemistry.

6. A.k Chandra, Introductory Quantum chemistry.

7. J, Raja ram and J. Kuriacose, chemical Thermodynamic.

8. I.N. Levine, Quantum chemistry.

SUBJECT CODE: 1.4

SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

UNIT I

Environmental and Ecosystem: Introduction to Environmental chemistry Its

Concept and scope; environmental segments- atmosphere, hydrosphere,

lithosphere and biosphere. Environment and ecosystem; biogeochemical cycles

of water and elements C, N, O, S and P.

UNIT II

Atmosphere and air Pollution: Evolution chemical composition and structure

of atmosphere chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere –oxides of

S,N and C and their effect; green house gases and global warming

;photochemical smog, acid rain and ozone hole formations. EI Nino

Phenomennon; partilates and activity in atmosphere. Analysis and Control of

Air Pollutants .Air Pollution episodes-TCDD,Bhopal and Chernobyl disasters.

UNIT III

Hydrosphere and water polluction: Various water resources and their

characteristics; water polluction-source and classification; organic, inorganic

and radioactive pollutants; samping and analysis of water pollutants; water

quality parameters and standards; determination of water quality parameters.

Fluorosis and defluoridation; water treatment processes and preservation.

Some case studies of water pollution.

UNIT IV

Lithosphere and soil pollution: Chemical composition; micro and macro

nutrients in soil pollution by fertilizers, persticides, plastics and heavy metal

compounds. Plants as indication of soil polluction. Natural resources – Mineral

resources – metals and non-metals; fuel and energy resources – coal,

petroleum, natural gas, solar energy, hydrogen from water cleavage and tidal

and wind energy. Natural organic and inorganic vermicompost fertilizers.

Biofertilisers – blue-green algae rhizobium, azospirillum and phospobacteria.

UNIT V

Environmental Restoration: Environmental resotation – waste disposal and

their management by chemical and biological methods, recycling and further

use of waste; conservation of forests and wild life.

The state of global environment and earth summit. India’s effort in

environmental protection – the environment act 1986 and its amendment;

participation of voluntary agencies in environmental protection.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. A.K.De, Environmental Chemistry, New Age publishers, New Delhi,

3rd edn.3rd reprint 1996.

2. B.K.Sharma and H.Kaur, Environmental Chemistry, Goel publishing

House, Meercut, 3rd edn.1996-97.

3. G.S.Sodhi, Environmental Chemistry, Narosa publishing House, New

Delhi, 2000.

4. C.Baird, Environmental Chemistry, W.H.Freeman and Company, New

York 1995.

5. E.P.Odum, Fundamentals of Ecology, W, B.Saunders publications.

6. S.S.Dara, A textbook Of Environmental Chemisrty And Polluction

Control, S.Chand & Company, New Delhi.

SUBJECT CODE: 1.5

SUBJECT: PRACTICALS –I ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

a) Separation and Characterisation of two Component mixtures

b) Two Stage preparations involving nitration, brominating, diazotization,

rearrangement and aceylation.

c) Separation of binary mixture (separation to be given in semi-micro

quantity only report and complete separation of the components required

-15% marks

d) A bifuncational Organic substance will be give separately for analysis.

Derivational to be reported -25% marks

e) Preparation involving 2 stages- Recrystallisation final Product and the

Crude Products are to be exhibited -20% marks

f) Viva Voice -20% marks

g) Record - 20% marks.

IYEAR-II Semester

SUBJECT CODE: 2.1

SUBJECT: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II

UNIT I

UV, IR & Mass Spectroscopy: Absorption spectra of conjugated dienes & α,β–

unsaturated carbonyl compounds – Woodward – fieser rules – spectra of

aromatic and heterocyclic compounds – Scott’s rule – solvent effects.

Vibrational frequencie of alkenes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers,

phenols, amines, acids, esters & amides. Effect of hydrogen bonding & solvent

effects on absorption frequencies – Fermi resonce.

Molecular ion peak – base peak – metastable peak – nitrogen rule – Mc,

Laffertly rearrangement – isotopic peak – fragmentation pattern of organic

compounds.

UNIT II

1H-NMR, 13C—NMR, ORD & C,D: 1HNMR – Principles of NMR – Chemical shift

– spin – spin coupling, delta & tall values of aliphatic, olefinic, aromatic,

carboxylic, enolic, phenolic, alcoholic protons.

Chemicals exchange – deuteration – simplification of complex spectra – double

resonance- shift regents. 13C NMR – chemical shift & coupling constants of

aliphatic, aromatic & carbonyl carbons.

ORD & CD – principle – Types of ORD curves – α, haloketone rule – octant rule

– applications of these in the determination of configuration & conformation of

simple monocyclic & bicyclic ketones.

UNIT III

Terpenes: Structure and synthesis of α, pinene, zingiberene, r-bisabolene α,

santornine, abietic acid – Biosynthesis of alkaloids.

Steroids: Classification – structure elucidation of cholesterol – synthesis of

orgosterol and roster one, testosterone, estrone & progesterone – bilacids.

Prostaglandin: General study – structure & synthesis Of PGEI & PGFI

Vitamins: Vitamins AI, BI, B2, B6, C, D, &B

UNIT IV

Organic photochemistry: Thermal & photochemical reactions – Allowed &

forbidden transition - Jablonski diaglran, photochemical reactions of mentones

– photosensitization - Norrish Type I & II reactions – paterno – Buchi reaction

Per cyclic reaction – conservation of orbital symmetry – electro cyclic reactions

– cycloaddition reactions and sigma tropic rearrangements – Applications of

correlation diagram approach, Huekel – Mobius approach to the above

reactions.

Molecular Rearrangement: Migratory aptitude of groups – Mechanisms of the

following rearrangements – Wagner – meerwin, Demjanov, Baeyer villager

oxidation – Favorski, dienone – phenol, di – π- Ullmann, Hunsdiecker,

Hofmann – Lofler – Freytag reactions.

UNIT V

Reagents in Organic synthesis: Use of the following reagents in organic

synthesis – complex metal hydrides – lithium dimethyl cup rate, lithium di-

isopropylamide, DCC, Trimethyl sily lodide, DDQ, SeO2,peterion’s synthesis

Organiometallic reagents menthy1 lithium, aluminum tertiary but oxide,

aluminum isopropoxide.

Planning synthesis: Synthon – synthetic equivalent – Relay, Linear &

Convergent synthesis – functional group Interco version – use of activating &

blocking groups – streoselective problems of geometrical & optical isomerism –

retrosynthetic anaylsis of γ Bisabolene & cis – jasmine. Transition metal

complexes in organic chemistry – homogeneous hydrogenation – diastereo

selectivity enantioselectivity.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

UNIT I & II

1. Application of Absorption Spectroscopy.

2. J.R.Dyer, prentice Hall.

3. Organic Spectroscopy – W.Kemp – Palgrave Third Edition

4. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds – S.M, Silverstein,

G.V.Bassler and T.C.Morril – Willy.

5. Interpretation of Carbon – 13 Spectra

6. F.W.Whirli and T.Wirtilin

7. Organic Spectroscopy – V.R.Dani – tata Mc Graw Hill publishing

company Ltd.

8. Spectroscope methods in organic chemistry – D.H. Williams and lan

Fleming, tata Mc.Graw Hill.

9. Elementary Organic spectroscope principles and chemical applications. –

Y.R.Sharma – S.Chand & Co.

10. Organic spectroscopy – principles and application. - Jag mohan –

narosha publishing house.

11. Stereo chemistry of carbon compounds – E.L.Eliel – Mc – Graw

Hill.

12. Mass spectrometry – principles and applications – I, Howe, D.H.

Williams and R.D.Bowen – Mc graw Hill.

13. Organic chemistry – Vol II I.L.Finar,ELBS

14. ORD and CD in chemistry and Biochemistry – Academic press.

UNIT III

1. Organic Chemistry Vol II – I.L, Finar – ELBS.

2. Chemistry of Terpenoids – Paul de mayo – Vol I & II – Academic press.

3. The Chemistry of Organic Natural Products – O.P.Agarwal – Goel

publishing house.

4. Steroids – L.Fieses and mary fiese – Reinhold

5. Steroids – Shoppe

6. The Chemistry Steroids –W.Klyne –Methuen and Co, New York.

7. The Prostaglandins Vol I

8. Ram well – Plenum press.

9. Principles of Organic synthesis – R.O.C.Norman

10. The Chemistry of vitamins – S.F.Dyke – Intersience.

11. Medicinal Chemistry – A. Burger – academy press.

UNIT IV

1. Organic Photochemistry – J.M.Coxton, B.Halton – Cambridge University

press.

2. Organic Chemistry – R.T.Morrison and R.N.boyd – prentice, Hall.

3. Organic Chemistry – H.Pine Mc Graw Hill

4. Molecular Reaction & Photochemistry C.H.Depuy & O.L.Chapman –

prentice Hall.

5. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. S.M.Mukherji & S.P.singh

6. Pericycle reactions. Mukherji & singh.

7. The Conservation of Orbital symmetry R.B. Woodward & Hofmann.

8. Verlog Chemic Gmbh & Academic Press.

9. The Importance of Antibonding orbitals - H.H.Jaffe & M.Orchin.

10. An Introduction to conservation of Orbital symmetry. A.J.Bellemy –

Longman

11. Aspect of Organic Photochemistry - William M. Horse pool.

12. Academic press – London.

13. Advanced Organic Chemistry – J. March – Wiley.

14. A Guide book to mechanism in Organic Chemistry – peter sykers –

Orient Longman

15. Mechanism & structure in Organic Chemistry – E.S.Goud – Henry

Holt

&co

16. Reaction Mechanism & structure in Organic Chemistry – Gurdeep

17. R.Chatwal.Himalaya publishing house.

18. Organic Chemistry Vol I.L.Finer ELBS

19. Molecular Rearrangments P.De Mayo

20. Organic Reaction and Reagents – J.N .Gurtu, R. Kapoor - S.Chand

& Co. (p) Ltd.

21. Name Reaction & Mechanism (Vol I & II) - J.N.Gurtu, S.C. Rastogi

S.K.Agarwall - Pragati prakashan.

UNIT V

1. Advanced Organic Chemistry J.March - Wiley

2. Reaction Mechanism and reagents in Organic chemistry guedeep R-

chatwel. Himalaya publishing house.

3. Organometallics in Organic synthesis. J.M.Swan & D.St.C.Black

Chaman & Hill text – Book series.

4. Organometallic chemistry – gurdeep Chetwall, Y. Yadav. Himalaya

publishing house.

5. Priciples of Organic Synthesis – R.O.C.Norman Chapman & Hill, London,

6. Some Modern Methods of organic Synthesis W.Curruthers-Cambridge,

University press.

7. Advanced Organic Chemistry – part B, F.A.Carrey & R.J.Sundberg.

8. A programmed synthon Approach – S. warren – John Wiley & sons.

9. Organic synthesis – R.E. Ireland. Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd.

10. Organic chemistry, R.T.Morrison & R.N.Royd Prentice Hall

11. Guide Book to Organic Synthesis – R.K.Malki & D.M.Smith – ElBS

– Longman.

12. Organic synthesis – Michael B.Smith, Mc.Graw Hill, International

Edition.

SUBJECT CODE: 2.2

SUBJECT: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

UNIT I

Coordination Chemistry –Stability and Reactions: Stability and instability

of complexes- determination of stability constants by potentiometric and

spectrophotometric methods, factors stability chelate and template effects.

HSAB concept and Symbiosis: theretical basic of softness and hardness;

stabilization of Unusual Oxidation states.

Kinetic stability –Lability and interness, Ligand Substitution reaction of square

planar complex –Factors affecting reactivity of square planar complex

Substiution reaction in octahedral complexes- acid hydrolysis ,base hydrolysis

and anation reactions .

Electron transfer reaction –Complementary and non- complementary reactions.

Inner sphere and out sphere processes; outer sphere process in photochemical

reactions.

UNIT II

Spectral Methods I: Electronics spectroscopy L.S. coupling and j-j coupling

schemes, microstates, Hund’s rules and Term symbols; selection rules for

electronic transition and hole formalism; or gel and Tanabe – Sugano diagrams;

evaluation of 10q and B for Octahedral d2 and d8 systems. Change transfer

spectra; electronics spectra of lanthanide and actinide complexes.

Optical isomerism in octahedral chelate complex, their absolute configuration

determination from ORD and CD methods; information of chelate complexes.

UNIT III

Spectral Methods II: Mossbauer spectroscopy; principles – isomer shift,

quadrupole and magnetic interactions – MB spectroscopy of octahedral high

and low spins Fe (II) and Fe (III) complexes. Information on oxidation state, pi-

back coordination and structure in iron compounds. Studies on halides of tin

(II) and tin (IV).

NMR : Application of chemical shift and spin – spin coupling to structure

determination using multi probe NMR (1H,31P,19F,15N) ; effect of quardrupolar

nuclei on NMR spectra. NMR studies on Chemical exchange and dynamic

processes in organic and organ metallic compounds; NMR studies on fluxional

molecules .Paramagnetic NMR and contact shifts; lanthanide shift reagents.

EPR.Application of hyperfine splitting and g-factor to structure determination

zero - Field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy. Covalency of M-L Bounding by

EPR study. Application of EPR in the study of J.T distortion in Cu (II)

complexes.

UNIT IV

Instrumental Analytical Techniques: (Instrumental aspects not required):

Spectroanalytical techniques: Principle and application of colourimetry,

spectrophotometer and fluorimetry. Flame photometry techniques: atomc

absorption, atomic emission and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. Light

scattering techiniques: nephelometry and turbidimetry.

Theromonaltical techniques: TGA, DTA and DSC methods. Electro analytical

techniques .Electrochemical cell and electrode potentials; electrochemical

series and application of redox potential to inorganic reaction systems.

Classification into constant current and controlled potential techniques.

Voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and stripping Voltammetry; amperometry and

chronopotentiometry potentiomery and ion—selective electrodes (halide and

alkali ions).

Principle and operation of column, thin-layer and gas chromato graphic

methods HPLC and HPTLC; application to inorganic substances principle and

application of ion exchange and solvent extraction methods.

UNIT V

Organ metallic Chemistry: Introduction, EAN rule and its correlation to

stability. Metal carbonyls-synthesis, properties structure and bounding and

isolobal analogy, IR study of metal carbonyls .m-Pi acid complexes –

Preparation, properties and structure features of complexes with alkenes,

alkyne, allyl and areane system.Metallocenes - systhesis , properties and

bounding structure inferrocence; covalent versus ionic bounding in

beryllocene.

Substitution reaction of carbonyls: oxidative add ional and reductive

ellmination, insertion and elimination reaction nucleophillic and electrophillic

attack of coordinated ligands Homogeneous catalysis: alkene hydrogantion and

synthesis Gas: hydroformylation carboxylation of alcohols and oxygenation of

olefins. Hetrogenous catalysis: Fischer Tropsch process Ziegler- Natta

Polymerisation.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. D.f Shriver, P.W.Atkins and C.H.Longfor, Inorganic chemistry, Oxford

1990.

2. W.L.Jolly,Moder Inorganic Chemistry ,MC Graw Hill company , 2nd Edn,

1991

3. J.E. Huheej, E.A.Keiter and RL Keiter, Inorganic chemistry, Harper and

row/Pearson Asia, 2, 3, & 4th Edn 1993

4. F.A. Cotton and G.Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, john Wiley

and sons, 3, 4, & 5th edn 1988.

5. B.E Douglas ,D.H.Mc Daniel and J.J Alexander Concepts and Modals of

Inorganic Chemistry .John Wiley & Sons ,2 Edn.1993 and 3 1994.

6. R.S Dago,Physical Methods in chemistry ,W.B Saunders 1977

7. E.A.V Ebsworth et al,structure methods in inorganic chemistry ,ELBS

1987

8. H.H.Willard ,L.L Merritt J.A Dean and F.A Settle Instrumental methods

of Analysis 6th edn CBS publishers 1986

9. Vogel’s text book of Quantitaative chemistry analysis. Revised by

G.H.Jeffery. J.Bassett J.mendhan and R.C Denney ElBS 5th ed 1989

10. D.Askooog and D.M.west, Principles of Instrumental Analysis

,Holt-Saunders,2 edn 1980

11. D.A skoog and J.J Leary, Instrumental analysis, Saunders college

publishing 1992.

SUBJECT CODE: 2.3

SUBJECT: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – II

UNIT I

Chemical Kinetics: Simple collision theory, absolute reaction rate theory

(ARRT), thermodynamic treatment, potential energy surfaces, application of

ARRT to simple biobimolecular processes; chain reactions – general

characteristics, study of kinetics of chain reaction like H2-Br2 reactions,

decomposition of acetaldehyde and H2O4 ; study of H2-O2 explosive reactions.

Theory of unimolecular reactions – Lindemann, Hinshelwood, RRKM and stator

treatments; steady sate approximations, principles of microscopic reversibility

and detailed balancing, kinetic isotope effect; Reactions in solution, factors

influencing reaction rate in soluction, ARRT to reaction in solution, significance

of volume of activation, primary and secondary salt effects.

Homogeneous catalysis, acid-base catalysis, acidity function, Bronsted

catalysis law. Fast reaction techniques – chemical relaxation methods,

temperature and pressure jump methods, ultrasonic absorption technique,

reactions in flow system, continuous and stopped flow shock wave tube

methods, chemical kinetics in crossed molecular beam.

UNIT II

Photochemistry and Radiation Chemistry: Physical properties of the

electronically excited molecules – Excited state dipole moments, excited state

pka, excited state redox potentials. Photophysical processes in electronically

excited molecules – fluorescence, phosphorescence and other deactivating

processes, stern – volmer equation and its applications, electronic energy

transfer mechanisms.

Photosensitisation and chemiluminescenc. Experimental techniques in

photochemistry-light sources, chemical actinometry, conventional photolysis

procesure flash photolysis techniques. Study of photochemical reactions lik H2-

X2 decomposition of photosynthesis, photochemical conversion and storage of

solar energy.

Radiation chemistry – source of high energy, interaction of high energy

radiation with matter, radiolysis of water, definition of G-value, mode of

reactions of hydrated electrons. OH and H-Experimental techniques on

radiation chemistry, dosimetry, Elementary aspects of radiation chemistry in

biology and industry.

UNIT III

Group Theory: Group theory: Molecular symmetry elements and symmetry

operation, vector and matrix algebra, symmetry operations and transformation

matrices; group theory- definition and properties of a groups symmetry. Point

groups, representation of a group-reducible and irreducible representations,

great orthogonality theorem, characters, construction of character. Tables,

direct product groups.

Symmetry of normal modes of vibrations, applications of group theory to

normal mode analysis, symmetry properties of integrals, applications for

spectral selection rules of vibration spectra-IR and Ramam active

fundamentals, symmetry of molecular orbital and symmetry selection rule for

electronic transition in simple molecules (ethyleneFoemaldehyde, benzene and

nphthaiene), Group theory and quantum mechanics wave functions as a basis

of irreducible respresentations, group theory as applied to hybrodisation, HMO

theory and HMO calculation and delocalization energy for ethylene,

eyclopropenyl and butadiene systems.

UNIT IV

Spectroscopy I: Elements of molecular spectroscopy: Absorption and

amission of radition, the time depaenent Schrodinger equation, interaction of

EMR with matter, Einstein coefficient, induccdemission and absorption, ultra

were, IR and Raman spectroscopy if diatomic molecules-determation of normal

molecular parameters, virational spectra of polyatomic molecules-definition of

normal modes and normal coordiates, IR and Raman active fundaments,

overtone and combination bands-concept of group frequencies, couping

interaction bands Fermi resonance, basic concept of FT-IR. Electronic spectra

of diatomic and polytomic molecules, born-oppenheimer approximation,

Franck-Condon principle, dissoci energy, Rotational fine structure and fortrat

diagram.

UNIT V

Spectroscopy II: H1-NMR, Introduction, Theory of splitting of Nuclear

zeeman levels in a magnetic field, chemical shift, spin-spin splitting, dipolar

interaction, reaction times, line shape and line width, experimental techniques-

double response technique, ENDOE, overhauser, effect, FT-nmr spectroscopy-

Lanthanide shift reagen

ESR spectroscopy-hyperfine spiltting, factors affecting the maginitude of the ‘g’

values, solid state epr, rate of electon exchange reaction, fine structure and

hyperfine structure. Electron density from esrspectra of free radic also

Photoelectron spectroscopy-basic principles, instrumentation X-ray

photoelectron and unphotoelectron spectra, core energy level studies –

application of ESCA; laser, Raman spectroscopy theory of Raman scattering,

techniques and instrumentation, the laser source, applications if laser Raman

spectroscopy, structure determination.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. K.J. Laidler, chemical kinetics, 2nd edn., Tta Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi,

15th reprint 1991.

2. K.J. Laidler, Theories of chemical Reaction rates; Mc Graw Hill; New

York, 1969

3. K.K. Rohatgi – Mukerjee, fundamentals of photochemistry.

4. J.N. Bradley, fast Reaction

5. N.J. turo, Modern Molecular photochemistry

6. F.A.Cotton, chemical Application of group Theory.

7. C.N. Banewell, Spectroscopy, Vol. 1, 2, &3.

8. Stanghan and Walker, Spectroscopy, Vol. 1, 2, & 3.

SUBJECT CODE: 2.4

SUBJECT: BIO – ORGANISM BIO – INORGANIC, AND BIO – PHYSICAL

CHEMISTRY BIO – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

UNIT I

Nucleic Acids: Purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids.

Nucleosides, base pairing via H – bonding. Primary and secondary structures of

DNA and RNA. Forces responsible enzymatic method, PCR technique in chain

amplification.

UNIT II

Carbohydrates and Lipids:

A. Carbohydrates: Storage polysaccharides – starch, chithin and glycogen.

Structure and biological functions of glucosaminoglycans or

mucopolysaccharide. Carbohydrates of glyeoproteins and glycolipids. Role of

sugars in biological recognition. Blood group substances.

Carbohydrate metabolism: Kreb’s cycle, glycolysis, glycogenesis and

glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis; pentose photospate pathway.

B.Lipidas: Fatty acids, essential fatty acid, structure and function of

triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, bile, acids,

prostaglandins, lipoproteins – composition and function, role in

atherosclerosis. Biological membranes. Fluid mosaic model of memberane

structure.

UNIT III

Bioinorganic Chemistry I: Non – metals and metals in biological system;

essential and trace elements. Classification of metalloid molecules – non –

proteins, proteins and enzymes. Metallobiosite, its coordination environment

and enatatic state.

Dioxygen binding and transport – heme proteins: myoglobin and hemoglobin,

their structure, function and physiology; non-heme proteins: hemerythrine and

hemocyarmin.

Biochemical iron storage and transport by Transferring and siderophores;

metal ion exchange activity of siderophores.

UNIT IV

Bioinorganic Chemistry II:

Electron transfer in biological systems – prophyrins and cytochromes; Fe

– s cluster proteins (Ferredoxins and rubredoxins) and their synthetic model;

blue copper proteins. Photosynthetic pathway – chlorophyll, PSI, PSII and

involvement of Mn complex and Cytochrome Coxidase.

Vitamin B12 and coenzymes; in vitro and vivo nitrogen fixation

UNIT V

Biophysical Chemistry: Thermodynamics in biology – energy flux – transfer of

potentials and coupled reactions role of singlet oxygen in biology – general

principals of function and structural organization in bioenergetic fundamental

reactions – structure of membranes (introductory aspects only ) – solute

transport across membranes membrane potentials—ion pumps – biophysical

applications of moussbauer effect.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

UNIT I & II:

1. G.L.Zubay, W.W. parson and D.E.vance, Principles, of Biochemistry,

Wm.C.Brown Publishers 1995.

2. G.L.Zubay, Biochemistry, WM.C.Brown publishers, Chicago, 1998

3. L.Stryer, Biochemistry (4th . end) W.H.Freeman and company, 1995

UNIT III & IV:

1. D.E.Fenton, Biocoordinaion Chemistry, Oxford Chemistry, Primar Series,

Oxford Science publications, Oxford 1995.

2. W.LJolly, Modern Inorganic Chemistry ,MC Graw Hill Company 2Nd edn

1991

J.E Huheey, E.A Keiter and R.L Keiter, Inorganic C

SUBJECT CODE: 2.5

SUBJECT: PRACTICAL II- INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Skill development is in the following laboratory, experiments are required

1. Qualitative (systematic) analysis of inorganic mixture containing two less

familian cation. The cation can be W,Tl.Te,Se,Mo,Ce,Th,Zr,V ,U,Ti &L

2. Direct cation can be (Back titration methods of estimation of ca, Zn Cu

By EDTA titration.

3. Separation and estimation of minutures by volumetric and gravimetric

Methods

a) Cu 2 + & Ni 2+

b) Fe 2 +& Cu 2+

c) Cu2 +&Zn 2+

4. Preparation of Inorganic metal complexes (at least 10 different

complexes)

The university Examination will consist of

a) Qualitative analysis will consist of familiar captions: 25% Marks

b) EDTA titration or separation and estimation of one :25% Marks

Mention in a mixture of two

Preparation of complex: 10% Marks

Viva Voice : 20% Marks

Record : 20% Marks

IIYEAR-III Semester

SUBJECT CODE: 3.1

SUBJECT: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III

Unit I

Introduction to Spectroscopy Techniques

Electronic transmission in enes. eones and arenes, Woodward Fieser rules –

effect of solvent polarity

on UV absorption- principles of characteristic group frequency in IR-

identification of functional

groups and other structural features by IR- Hydrogen bonding and IR bands-

sampling techniques-

FTIR and its Instrumentation-Organic Mass Spectroscopy- EI, CA, FAB, electro

spray and MALDI ion sources- Magnetic High resolution (Double focusing), TOF

and Quadrupole Mass Analysers- Charecteristic fragmentation modes and MS

rearrangement – MS-GC, HPLC-MS, TG-MS

Unit II

NMR spectroscopy and structure elucidation, Chemical shifts- anisotropic

effect and coupling constants in organic compounds, spin-spin interaction in

typical systems- analysis of 1st order spectrasimplification methods for

complex spectra- use of high field NMR- shift reagents, chemical exchange and

double resonance- introduction to FT (pulse) NMR, NOE, DEPT and 2DNMR,

13C NMR and 13C Chemical shifts - spectral interpretation and structure

identification- spectral interpretation using actual spectra taken from standard

texts- solving of structural problems on the basis of numerical and spectrum

based data- NMR Spectroscopy of N, F and P –

Unit III

Reagents and Organic Synthesis: Application of Hydrogenation catalysts-

Hindered Boranes- Bulky

metal hydrides- NaCN, BH3, DIBAL, Li trialkyle borohydrides, tri-n-butyl tin

hydride, diimide,

Lindlar catalysts and Rosenmund redudctions,McFedeyan-stevens reaction-

Oxidation using SeO2, lead

tetraacetate, Ozone, peracids, DDQ and Cr(IV) reagents- Swern Oxidation,

Moffattt oxidation, allylic

and benzylic oxidation- sommelet reaction- elbs reaction- oxidative coupling of

phenols- sharpless

asymmetric epoxidation- chemo and regioselectivity in reduction and oxidation,

use of XeF2, SbF5,

VF5, MoF6, CF3OF, SF4, HF as fluorinating agents.

Unit IV Chemistry of Polymers:

Type and mechanism of polymerization reaction- Step growth, free radical,

addition, ionic, ring

opening and group transfer polymerizations- Copolymers- characterization of

polymers- methods of

measurement of molecular mass and size- stereochemistry of polymers- stereo

regularity and its

control- Zeigler Natta Catalyst- Gelation and network formation- polymer

architecture- configuration

and conformation, frictional properties and mechanical properties- glassy and

rubbery states- visco

electricity- crystallization and melting of polymers- relation between structures,

property and

performance- manufacture and application of polyolefins, thermoplastics,

polyamides, polyesters,

polyurethanes, epoxides and industrial polymers.

Unit V

Heterocyclic Chemistry

Nomenclature of Heterocycles, Replacement and Systematic Nomenclature,

Hantzsch – Widman

system for monocyclic, fused and bridged heterocycles. Structure, Reactivity,

Synthesis and reactions

of the following four membered heterocycles – Oxitanes, Azetidines and

Thietanes ; Five membered

heterocycles – Imidazoles, Pyrazolines, 1,2,4- Triazoles, 1,2,3-Triazoles,

Oxadiazole and Thiadiazole;

Selenophenes, Tellurophanes and their benzo derivatives; Six membered

heterocycles – Pyrones, 1,2,3-

, 1,2,4- and 1,2,5 – Triazines , Pyrimidines and Pyrazines; Seven membered

heterocycles – Azepines,

Oxepines and Thiepines. Fused heterocycles : Indole, Benzofuran , Quinoline,

Isoquinolines and

Coumarins. Naphthyridines – Synthesis and reactivities.

Books for study

Pavia Lapman Kriz Vyvyan-“Spectroscopy”-Ceengage Learning

W Kemp-“Organic Spectroscopy”-Palgrave.

J March-“Advanced Organic Chemistry”-Wiley.

R O C Norman and A Coxon-“Modern Synthetic Reactions”-Chapman and

Hall.

M B Smith-“Organic Synthesis”-McGraw Hill.

R K Bansal-“Synthetic Applications in Organic Chemistry”-Narosa.

Robert M. Silverstein,Francis X. Webster and David Kiemle. "Spectrometric

Identification of

Organic Compounds” Wiley 2005

R K Mackie, D M Smith and R A Aitkan-“Guide Book to Organic Synthesis”-

Longman, 2nd Edn.

R J Simmonds, “Chemistry of Biomolecules”-Royal Society of Chemistry.

R J Young-“Introduction to Polymer Science”-John Wiley and Sons.

F W Billmayer-“Text Book of Polymer Science”- John Wiley and Sons.

G Odian-“Principles of Polymerization”- John Wiley and Sons.

J M G Cowie-“Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials”-Viva.

K J Saunders-“Organic Polymer Chemistry”-Chapman and Hall.

Dr. Jagadamba Singh and Dr. L.D.S Yadav-“Organic Synthesis”-Pragathi

Prakashan.

Maya Shankar Singh-“Advanced Organic Chemistry”-Pearson.

Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kriz and James R Vyvyan-

“Spectroscopy”-Cengage

Learning.Ratan Kumar Kar-”Applications of Redox and Reagents in

Organic Synthesis”-New Central Book

Agency.

J. Joule and G. Smith-“Heterocyclic Chemistry”-Van-Nostrand, ELBS.

Acheson-“An Introduction to Heterocyclic Compounds”-Wiley-Eastern.

Ahluwalia and Parashar-“Heterocyclicc and carbocyclic chemistry”- Ane

Books.

Jagadanba Singh and Yadav-“Organic Synthesis”-Pragati Prakashan Meerut

S.K Ghosh “Advanced General Organic Chemistry”Part1and11 New Central

BookAgency

IIYEAR-III Semester

SUBJECT CODE: 3.2

SUBJECT: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III

UNIT I

Metal Extraction by reduction of oxide ores –

Thermodynamic aspects of extraction. Ellingham diagrams – Chemical and

electrolytic reductionreduction

potentials –effect of complexation- Latimer and Frost diagrams – trends in

stability of

oxidation states, stereo chemistry and ionic sizes of transition metals.

Comparison of 3d, 4d and 5d

series by taking Ti subgroup as examples.

Lanthanides: Electronic structure, oxidation states – Chemical Properties of +2,

+3 and+4 oxidation

states Lanthanide and actinide contraction- spectral and magnetic properties.

Coordination number and

stereochemistry of complexes.

Actnides: Electronic structure- Oxidation states Lanthanide and actinide

contraction – spectral and

magnetic properties in comparison with those of lanthanide and d-block

elements. Trans- actinide

elements – IUPAC nomenclature – Periodicity of trans actinide elements.

Beach sands of Kerala – Important components and their separation –

Utilization of monazite –

illmenite,zircon and sillimanite.

UNIT II

Inorganic polymers:

Types of Inorganic polymers – Characteristics of polymers - molecular masses

and their distribution –

structural features – chain characteristics - solubility consideration –

crystalline and mechanical

properties.

Polyphosphazenes - Synthetic routes to various types of Polyphosphazenes –

important applications

of these Polymers – water soluble bioactive Polymers – Organometallic

Polyphosphazenes – Polymer

bound platinum anti tumour agents.

Polysiloxanes and related Polymers – preparation, structural features and uses

– Polysilanes and

related Polymers – Chemical modification of Polysilanes – Electrical

conductivity and photo

conductivity – Polysilanes as photo resists and photo inhibitors.

UNIT III

Organometallic chemistry:

Compounds with metal to Carbon single bonds – alkyl and aryls of main group

elements – Transition

metal to carbon multiple bonds - Metal carbonyls, cyanides and isocyanides –

Usefulness of eighteen

electrons rule to predict formulae and stability of organometallic compounds.

Transition metal π complexes with alkenes, alkynes, alkynes, allyl, diene,

dienyl and trienyl radical –

Cyclic π complexes with cyclobutadiene, cyclopentadienyl,arenes,

cycloheptatrienyl cycloctatetraene

and cyclooctatetraenyl dianion. Preparation, properties, nature of bonding and

structural features –

Fluxionality in π complexes – catalysis by organometallic compounds-

hydrogenation,

hydroformylation and polymerization reactions.

UNIT IV

Bioinorganic Chemistry I

Role of metal ions in the biological system. Essential and nonessential elements

– macro minerals and

essential trace elements – synergism and antagonism among essential trace

elements.

Metal deficiency and diseases related – iron, Zinc and copper deficiency – metal

ion toxicity – copper

over load and Wilson’s disease – iron toxicity – toxicity of arsenic, cadmium,

mercury and lead.

Metal complexes in medicine – Chelation therapy – BAL, penicillamine,

Polyamino carboxyclic acids

and desferrioxamine – gold compounds and rheumatoid arthritis – platinum

complexes as anticancer,

drugs – metal complexes in radio diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging.

Metal storage and transport: Iron storage and transport – transferrin, ferritin

and sideropheres. Other

storage and transport systems – ceruloplasmin and serum albumin for copper,

metallothioneins and

phytochepatins – vanadium storage and transport.

Transport and storage of dioxygen – hemoglobin and myoglobin – structure and

functions – structural

model for dioxygen binding – co-operativity, Perutz mechanism and Bohr effect

– synthetic oxygen

carriers. Other natural oxygen binding proteins – hemocyanin and hemerythrin

– synthetic model for

hemocyanin.

UNIT V 14 HOURS

Bioinorganic Chemistry II

Electron transfer in biology – structure and functions of electron transfer

proteins – Cytochromes and

respiratory chain, iron-sulphur proteins rubredoxin and ferridoxins – synthetic

models (for Fe4S4

cluster only) – blue copper proteins.

Nitrogen fixation: Invitronitrogen fixation through dinitrogen complexes -

nitrogen fixing micro

organisms – nitrogenases – model compounds.

Photosynthesis: Structure of Chlorophyll – Photo systems I & II – Light reaction

– role of manganese

enzymes in the cleavage of water. The ‘Z –scheme – dark reactions.

Metalloenzymes: Structure and functions of the following enzyme – carbonic

anhydrase, carboxy

peptidase, alchoholdehydrogenase, catalalse and peroxidase, Cytochrome P-

450, super oxide dismutase

and xanthin oxidase – B12 coenzymes – B12a, B12x, B12r and methyl cabal

amine – biomethylation.

REFERENCES

1.J.E. Huheey, E.A Keiter and RL Keiter: ‘Inorganic chemistry Principles of

structure and Reactivity’

– Pearson Education

2.DF Shriver, PW – Atkins – ‘Inorganic chemistry, Oxford university press.

Cotton, Wilkinson, Murillo, Bachmann ‘Advanced Inorganic Chemistry’ Wiley

India Pvt.Ltd

3.B.Douglas, D.MeDaniel and J.Alexander – ‘Concepts and models of

Inorganic Chemistry IIIrd

Edition. John Wiley & sons, Inc

4.S.J Lippard and J.M Berg. Principles of Bioinorganic chemistry University

Science Books, California.

5.David E.Fenton, ‘Bio coordination Chemistry’ Oxford University press.

6.I Bertini, H.B.Grey, S.J.Lippard and J.S Valentine, ‘Bioinorganic

Chemistry’ Viva Books Pvt Ltd,

New Delhi.

7.DMP Mingo’s, ‘Essential Trends in Inorganic Chemistry’ Oxford University

Press.

8.Indrajeet Kumar Organometallic compounds Pragati Prakasan,Meerut

IIYEAR-III Semester

SUBJECT CODE: 3.3

SUBJECT: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – III

UNIT – 1

Reaction Kinetics 1

Review of basic principles: Complex reactions- Reversible, parallel, consecutive

and branching

reactions- Principles of microscopic reversibility.

Theories of reaction rate: collision theory – steric factor- potential energy

surfaces- transition state

theory- Eyring equation- comparison of two theories- Thermodynamic

formulation of reaction ratessignificance of ▲ G#, ▲ H # and ▲ S # volume of

activation- Effect of pressure and volume on the

velocity gas reaction – Unimolecular reaction- Lindman- Hinshelwood

mechanism and RRKM

theories- Fast reaction – relaxation, flow method- flash photolysis- Magnetic

and Resonance method.

Theoretical calculation of energy of activation- soling problem involving Ea, E,

H and S.

UNIT II

Reaction Kinetics II

Chain reaction – stationary and non stationary chain-explosion and explosion

limits- free radical and

chain reaction- steady state treatment- kinetics of H2-CI2 and H2-Br2-

decomposition of acetaldehyde-

Rice Herzfeld mechanism- Branching chain- H2O2 reaction- Semenov

Hinshelwood mechanism of explosive reaction.

UNIT III

Catalysis and Chemical Kinetics:

Acid-base catalysis- specific and general catalysis- prototropic and protolytic

mechanism- examples-

Acidity function.Enzyme catalysis- Michaelis-Menten equation- derivation-

effect of pH and temperature. Reaction in solution- Factors determining

reaction rates in solution – Effect of pressure- dielectric constant- ionic

strength- cage effect- Bronsted Bjerrum equation- Primary and secondary

kinetic salt effect- Influence

of solvent on reaction rate- Hammet & Taft equation.

UNIT IV Surface chemistry:

Different types of surfaces- Thermodynamics of surfaces- Gibbs adsorption

equation and its

vertification- surfaces actants and micelles- surface film- surface pressure and

surface potential and

their measurements and interpretation- Application of Low energy electron-

Diffraction and

photoelectron- ESCA and Auger Spectroscopy to the study of surfaces.

Adsorption- Langmuir adsorption isotherm- Kinetic and statistical derivation-

Multi layer adsorption-

Different types- BET theory and Harlein- Jura theory – Measurement of surface

area of solids using

Langmuir, BET and Harlein-Jura isotherm- Heat of adsorption- adsorption

isosters and determination

of heat of adsorption- Langmuir adsorption isotherm applied to rate laws for

surface catalyzed

reaction- The Eleyideal mechanism – flash desorption.

UNIT V

Colloids:

Structure and stability of colloids, Micelles – The electrical double layer- Eletro

kinetic phenomenazeta

potential- electro osmosis- colloids- zeta potential (derivation)- sedimentation

potential- streaming

potential- donnan membrane equilibrium- Macromolecules- different averages-

Methods of molecular

mass determination – Osmotic method- sedimentation methods- light

scattering methods.

REFERENCE

K.J. Laidler-“Chemical kinetics” Pearson Education

S. Glasstone, K.J. Laidler and Eyring-“ The Theory of rate processes”- Mc

Graw Hills

J. Rajaram and J.C. Kuriacose- “Kinetics and Mechanism of chemical

transformations”- Mac Millan

India Ltd

Alberty and Silbey- “Physical chemistry”- Wiley

G.K. Vemulappally- “Physical chemistry”- Prentice Hall of India

P.W. Atkins- “Physical chemistry”- Oxford University press

A.W.Adamson- “The physical chemistry of surfaces”- 4th edition- Wiley

1982

Alexander and Johnson- “ Colloid science”- Oxford University Press

Gavariker- “Polymer science” – New age International publishers

SUBJECT CODE: 3.4

SUBJECT: COMPUTIONAL CHEMISTRY

UNIT I

Molecular mechanics

Perspective- basic principles-Developing force field- The stretch energy- The

bending energy- The

torsional energy- The Vander walls energy- The electrostatic energy- Cross

terms- Parametrising the

force field- Calculation using the force field - Geometries and energies of Small

to medium sized

molecules- Polymers- transition states-MM in organic synthesis-Molecular

mechanics and Monte Carlo

simulations- Geometries and frequencies calculated by MM -Strength and

weakness of MM-Hybrid

force field Electronic structure methods.

UNIT II

Introduction of Quantum mechanics in Computational Chemistry-

Perspective- The development of quantum mechanics-The Born Oppenheimer

approximation-

Schrödinger equation- Koopman’s theorem- Restricted and unrestricted

Hartree- Fock models-

Application of the Schrödinger equation to chemistry by Huckel- Hybridisation-

matrices and

determinants- simple Huckel theory-Application-The nodal properties of MOs –

Stability indicated by

energy levels and aromaticity. Extended Huckel method.

UNIT III

Abinitio Calculation

Perspective- The basic principles of the abinitio method. Approximation

methods- Self-Consistent field

theory- The energy of a Slater determinant- Hartree- Fock equation- Basis sets-

Slater and Guassian

type orbitals-Classification of basic sets- Minimum basis set- Split valence-

diffused and polarization

and correlation consistent basis sets- post HF calculation- Application-

Geometry optimization

,Frequency calculation and transition state optimization of simple systems-

Strength and weakness-

Configuration interaction, Moller- plesset perturbation theory and Coupled

cluster methods-

(qualitative study only)- -

UNIT IV

Semi Empirical Method

Perspective-The basic principle of SCF-SE methods- Neglet of diatomic

differential overlap

approximation(NDDO)- Intermediate Neglet of differential overlap

approximation(INDO)-

Complete Neglet of differential overlap approximation(CNDO)-

Parameterization- Modified

Intermediate Neglet of differential overlap (MINDO)-Modified NDDO &MNDO

models- Austin

model1(AM1) application- Geometry optimization ,Frequency calculation and

transition state

optimization of simple systems Strength and weakness

UNIT V

Density Functional Calculation

Basic principle –Orbital free density functional theory- Kohn-sham theory -

Reduced density matrix

methods-Local density approximation application- Higher ordergradient or

meta-GGA methods-Hybrid or

hyper-GGA methods- Performance and properties of density functional

methods- Geometry optimization ,Frequency calculation and transition state

optimization of simple systems- Strength and

weakness.

REFERENCES:

Errol Lewars ‘Computational Chemistry: Introduction to the Theory and

Applications of Molecular

and Quantum Mechanics’ Spriger India

I.N Levine Quantum Chemistry, Prentice Hall of India Vth edition

Tamas Veszpremi and Miklos Feher Quantum Chemistry: Fundamentals to

applications Springer

India

David C Young, Computational Chemistry:. A Practical Guide for Applying

Techniques to Real

World Problems Wiley Interscence

P.W. Atkins, Molecular Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press

G. H. Grant and W. G. Richards Computational Chemistry Oxford University

Press

SUBJECT CODE: 3.5

SUBJECT: PRACTICAL III- PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Conduct metric titrations:

1 NH4cl-NaOH - (NH4cl +Hcl)

2 NH4cl-NaOH - (Hcl+ CH3 COOH)

3 CH3cooNa-Hcl - Buffer CCH3COOna +CH3COOH (Na OH strength

givesn)

4 Precipitation titration Kcl-AgNo3- (Kcl-Ki mixture)

5 Determination of dissociation constant of Weak acid

6 Heat of solution by solubility method

Potentiometer

7 Redox titrations KI –Kmno4 –KI

8 Fc2 - cerci –Fe2+

9 Fe2+ - ceric-Fe2+

10 CI – Ag – cl +I

11 Dissociation constant of week acid

12 solubility product by chemical cell and concentration cell

13 Adsorption of Oxalic acid / acetic acid on charcoal.

IIYEAR-IV Semester

SUBJECT CODE: 4.1

SUBJECT: PRINCIPLES OF ANALYSICAL CHEMISTRY

1. Chemical Instrumentation : Elementary Electronics, Simple integrated

circuit, Semiconductor, Power supply, transformer, operational amplifier,

Detectors (Oscilloscope and recorders), transducers, Rectifiers, Signal to

noise ratio, Electronic components (Resistors, capacitors, inductors,

transistors), Measuring instruments for pressure, temperature, pH, speed,

flow, current and voltage.

2. Acid Base Equilibria : General concept of acid-base equilibria in water and

in non-aqueous solvent, Definition of pH and pH scale (Sörenson and

operational definitions), and its significance, Hammett acidity function, pH

calculation for aqueous solutions of very weak acid and very weak base,

salts of weak acid and weak bases, mixture of weak acid and its salts,

mixture of weak base and its salts, polybasic acids and their salts,

polyamines and amino acid, comparison of solution of polybasic acid as a

function of pH, protolysis curves.

3. Buffer Solutions : Theory of buffer solution, dilution and salts effects on the

pH of a buffer, Buffer index, Criteria and expression of maximum buffer

capacity, Application of pH buffers, Preparation of buffer solutions of known

ionic strength (Typical examples). Practical limitations in use of buffers,

Metal ion buffers and their applications, Biological buffers and their

applications.

4. Photometric Titrations : Basic principles, comparison with other titrimetric

procedures, types of photometric titration curves, Instrumentation (Titration

cell, Detectors, choice of analytical wavelength). Quantitative applications,

Typical examples of one component and multicompo-nent analyses.

Books Recommended

1. D.A. Skoog and D.M. West, Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry,

International Edition, 7th Edition (1996), Saunders College Publishing,

Philadelphia, Holt, London.

2. R.L. Pecsok, L.D. Shields, T. Cairns and L.C. McWilliam, Modern Methods of

Chemical Analysis, 2nd (1976), John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3. D.A. Skoog, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition (1998), Saunders

College of Publishing, Philadelphia, London.

4. H.A. Strobel, Chemical Instrumentation: A Schematic Approach, 2nd Edition

(1973), Addison Wesley, Reading, Mass.

Additional References

1. H.A. Laittnen and W.E. Harris, Chemical Analysis, 2nd International Student

Edition (1960), McGraw Hill, New York.

2. R.G. Bates, Electrometric pH Determinations: Theory and Practice, 3rd

Edition (1973), John Wiley & Sons, New York.

3. G.D. Moody and J.D.R. Thomas, Ion-selective Electrodes, London.

4. G.W. Ewing, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th Edition (1978),

McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.

IIYEAR-IV Semester

SUBJECT CODE: 4.2

SUBJECT: SURFACE CHEMISTRY

Unit I: Adsorption and surface phenomenon:

Physisorption and chemisorption , adsorption isotherms, Langmuir and B. E.

T.

equation and significance in surface area determination, surface films, states of

insoluble films, L. B. films and their application, adsorption from solution,

adsorption types, surface excess concentration , Gibb's adsorption equation :

derivation , significance and experimental verification , catalytic activity of

surfaces.

Unit II: Micelle

Surface activity, surface active agents and their classification, micellisation,

critical micelle concentration ( cmc) thermodynamics of micellisation , factors

affecting cmc, methods of determination of cmc , reverse micelle , solubisation

of

water insoluble organic substances , use of surfactants in oil recovery ,

Unit III: Emulsion

Types of emulsion, theories of emulsion and emulsion stability, identification of

emulsion types, inversion emulsion, microemulsion : theory and application ,

Unit IV: Liquid gas and liquid interfaces

Surface tension, capillary action, methods of determination of surface tension,

surface tension across curved surfaces, vapor pressure of droplet ( Kelvin

equation) , surface spreading , spreading coefficient, cohesion and adhesion

energy,contact angle, constant angle hystereis, wetting and detergency.

Unit V : Solid - Solid interfaces

Surface energy of solids, adhesion and adsorption, sintering and sintering

mechanism, Tammann temperature and its importance, surface structure and

surface composition.

REFFERNCE BOOKS

1. Physical chemistry of surfaces: A. W. Adamson.

2. Theory of adsorption and catalysis by Alfred Clark ,

3. Chemisorption by B. M. W. Trapnell and H.O. Hayward.

4. Introduction to colloide and surface chemistry by D. J. Shaw.

5. Theories of chemical reaction rates by A. J. K. laidler

6. Surface chemistry by J. J. Bikermann

IIYEAR-IV Semester

SUBJECT CODE: 4.3

SUBJECT: OF CHEMISTRY MATERIALS

Unit I: Glasses, Ceramics, Composite and Nanomaterials

Glassy state, glass formers and glass modifiers, applications, Ceramic

structures,mechanical properties, clay products. Reformatories,

characterizations, properties and applications.Microscopic composites;

dispersion - strengthened and particle - reinforced, fibre -reinforced

composites, macroscopic composites. Nanocrystline phase, preparation

procedures, special properties, and applications.

Unit II: High Tc Materials

Defect perovskites, high Tc superconductivity in cuprates, preparation and

characterization of 1-2-3 and 2-1-4 materials, and normal state properties;

anisotropy; temperature dependence of electrical resistance; optical photon

modes,superconducting state; heat capacity; coherence length, elastic

constants, position lifetimes, microwave absorption - pairing and multigap

structure in high Tc materials , applications of high Tc materials.

Unit III: Polymeric Materials

Molecular shape , structure and configuration, crystallinity, stress- strain

behavior,thermal behavior , polymer types and their applications, conducting

and ferro -electric polymers.

Unit IV

a)Thin films and Langmuir- Blodgett Films

Preparation techniques; evaporation / sputtering, chemical processes, MOCVD,

sol - gel etc. Langmuir- Blodgett (LB) film, growth techniques,

photolithography,

properties and application of thin and LB films.

b) Materials of Solid Devices

Rectifiers, transistors, capacitors IV-V compounds, low dimensional quantum

structure; optical properties.

REFFERNCE BOOKS

1. Solid State Physics, N. W. Ashcrott and N. D. Mermin, Saunders College

2. Material Science and Engineering, An introduction , W. D. Callister, Willey.

3. Principals of Solid State, H. V. keer, Willey Eastorn.

4. Materials Science , J. C. Anderson , K. D. Leaver, J. M. Alexander and R. D.

Rawlings, ELBS

5. Thermotropic Liquid Crystals, Ed, G. W. Gray, John Willey.

6. Text book of liquid crystals, Kelkar and Halz , Chemie Verlag