ms-07 jan june 2017
TRANSCRIPT
Sample Assignment JAN JUNE 2017 MS-07
Course Code MS - 07
Course Title Information Systems for Managers
Assignment Code MS-07/TMA/SEM - I/2017
Assignment Coverage All Blocks
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School of Management Studies
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068
1. What is open source software? Where can one find Open Source software? Isn't it hard to get reliable support for open-source software? Explain the differences between commercial software, shareware, open source software, freeware, and public domain software. Open source software (OSS) is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------software to anyone and for any purpose. Open source software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source software is the most prominent example -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------content movements.
A report by the Standish Group --------------------------------------------------------- of about $60 billion per year to consumers.
There are a number of commonly -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and training, the velocity of change, and a lack of a long term roadmap. The majority of these barriers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------(especially operating systems) actually make money from paid support and documentation.
A commonly employed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, and others.
Where ------------------------------------------------- software-? Open source software promotes competition, and competition promotes quality and innovation. Through a technique known as project forking, an open -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------are as follows-
1- Open Source Windows is a curated list of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------several high-quality gems.
You’ve probably heard of most of the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. It’s worth a look, and make sure to visit its sister site, Best Privacy Tools.
2- Like Open Source Windows, Open Source Software Directory is a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------other websites, which we mention below).
You can filter by platform, by ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- as well.
3- AlternativeTo is my absolute -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------is concerned, there’s no better site out there.
While it isn’t solely focused on open source, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------available for Windows. These are further divided into categories like Office, Games, Audio, Backup, etc.
But the best way to use this site -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------without a doubt.
4- OSAlt is similar to ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- only.
You can also browse the ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- it gets the job done.
5- Like OSAlt, OStatic is a site that’s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the open source philosophy. Yes, you can search through OStatic’s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. BSD license), but the real benefit is that you aren’t alone here.
OStatic has an actively maintained -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------than this. 6- Open ----------------------------------- on Windows
For a while, the common belief -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, it’s no more than a baseless myth.
Don’t be afraid or reluctant to use -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------out our Best Windows Software list.
Isn't it hard to get reliable support for open-source software?
Absolutely not! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------this quote:
... readers who are using -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------software.
Linux is not an exception. In fact, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cheaper and easier to get than from closed vendors.
But there aren't any ------------------------------------------------- systems, are there?
Do the Oracle, Informix, and -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------? We've got all of these and more.
We're building and porting more and better applications all the time at a pace closed developers cannot match. Go to the Linux Mall, for example, to learn about the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------applications available under Linux.
There's a widespread belief that the population of technical people who have written and maintained most open source up to now don't have the motivation or -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, and Gnome projects).
More importantly, there's no good -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------proved them wrong. Before 1991 the same people said "OK, GNU is a nifty programmer's toolkit but they'll never -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------never build decent end-user applications." If the naysayers are right this time, it will be a first.
What's the ----------------------------------------------------------- and other types of software?
Some software has source code that only -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" or "closed source" software.
Only the original authors of proprietary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the first time they run this software) that they will not do anything with the software that the software's ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and Adobe Photoshop are examples of proprietary software.
Open source software is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- are examples of open source software.
As they do with proprietary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of proprietary licenses.
Open source licenses affect the way -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Some open source licenses—what some people call "copyleft" licenses—stipulate that anyone who releases a modified open source -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a program with others must also share that program's source code without charging a licensing fee for it.
By design, open source software -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. They encourage computer programmers to access, view, and modify open source software whenever they like, as long as they let others do the same when they share their work.
Differences between commercial software------------------------------------------------------- domain software- Commercial software is any software or -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, but now a number of free and open-source software applications are -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------stores, are some examples of commercial software. Microsoft products such as --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------known examples of commercial software.
Freeware- Freeware is software that is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- an unlimited period.
Ownership of any freeware is retained -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. This is done to prevent any sort of modification by its users. Plus, the license with which a free program is distributed may permit the software to be freely copied but not sold. In some cases, one may not be allowed to even distribute the software.
Open Source- The term ‘Open Source’ is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, and one is freely allowed to re-distribute the software.
The concept of open-source program relies -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Programmers on the internet read and modify the source-code by eliminating the possible bugs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- at OpenSource.org.
Shareware- Shareware is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and a user can no longer access the program. Only if you are interested in using the program further, the shareware provider may require you purchase a license for the software. So, basically it is distributed on trial basis and with an understanding that sometime later a user may be interested in paying for it. Also, some shareware are offered as ‘Liteware’-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------program. Thus, shareware software are used for marketing purposes.
Adware- Adware, better known as -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the ads by purchasing a registration key. It can even change your home page, default search or install a tool bar. Like freeware, Adware too is available for computer users at no cost.
Bundleware- Bundleware gets -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------along with some other programs that you do not want.
Spyware- Spyware goes a few steps further -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------other location whenever the user is connected to the Internet. This is done in order to display advertisements in the Web browser.
Nagware- This is a program that -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------as ‘NAGS’ keep on appearing on a user’s computer screen until he activates the desired application or quits it -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to its full paid version or to donate, it is refered to as Nagware.
Malware- Typically referred as ‘-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------hijack your browser and track the websites you visit – and cause even worse damage.
In addition to this, it can hide itself -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------may all be considered as malware.
Scareware- Malware that is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a user by making him falsely believe that his computer is infected by potentially harmful viruses.
Once downloaded and installed, the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------money. In short, Malware that preys on a user’s fear is called Scareware.
Public-domain software is software -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, distributed, or sold even without any attribution by anyone; this is unlike the common case of software under exclusivecopyright, where software licenses grant limited usage rights.
Under the Berne Convention, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------rights by default. The Berne Convention also covers programs. Therefore, a program is automatically subject to a copyright, and if it is to be placed in the public domain, the author must explicitly disclaim the copyright and other rights on it in -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" differs here from the Anglo-Saxon common law tradition's "copyright" concept.
Is there a -------------------------------------------------------------------- and public domain?
Yes. Open source applications -------------------------------------------------- use works.
Open source ----------------------------------------------------------------------- software.
2. What is change in the focus of operations management? Is this change in the focus is due to the increase of competitiveness in Business? Elaborate. Also illustrate, the capabilities expected of information systems in context of Operations Management. Operations management is a multi--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of a company's activities into functional categories occurs very early on, even in a company formed and operated by a single individual. Most companies make a product of some kind or produce a salable service. They must also carry out a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------on the function of providing the product or service. Their job is to assure the production of a quality good and/or service-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------for all employees, and when possible assist in assuring high-quality customer service.
CHANGE IN THE FOCUS OF OPERATIONSMANAGEMENT As an organization develops -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------goods in the quantities demanded and in the time frames necessary to meet the businesses obligations.
Designing the System Designing the system begins with -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------needs and eventually grow into a detailed product design. The facilities and equipment used in production, as well as -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the ultimate success or failure of the system. Of all
the structural decisions that the operations manager makes, the one likely to have the greatest impact on the operation's success is choice of the process technology. This decision answers the basic question: How will the product be made?
Product design is a critical task because it -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------its features and performance. These are important factors on which customers make purchasing decisions. In recent years, new design models such as Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) have been implemented to improve -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------that waste raw materials or duplicate effort can have a substantial negative impact on a business's operating -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to improve product design by focusing design efforts on customer needs. Process design describes how the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------includes selecting equipment and selecting a sequence for various phases of operational production. The scale economy or business -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the demand for a product is large enough to justify mass production; 2) If there is sufficient variety in customer demand -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------production facility.
Facility design involves determining the capacity, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------customer in a timely manner. Capacity planning involves estimating demand, determining the capacity of facilities, and deciding how to change the organization's capacity to respond to demand. Facility location is the placement of a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------be changed. When evaluating a location, management should consider customer convenience, initial -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------infrastructure, and labor environment should also be taken under consideration.
Facility layout is the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------move quickly and efficiently through the production system.
Some other changes-
Cost Savings – -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------with management’s definition, track your cost savings, and focus on total cost reduction, not just price reduction at any cost.
Productivity Improvements – Management will always expect you to do more work with fewer resources. No matter whether you’re in a tactical or strategic -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, man-hours per dollar saved, etc. Brand/Differentiation Support – Your -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to be differentiated from its competition, such as offering higher quality, faster cycle time, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. As brainless as this sounds, you’d be surprised how many organizations have a mission of being the “highest quality provider” in their industry, yet their purchasing departments measure only cost savings.
Customer Satisfaction – Sometimes, being in -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of supply, to keep its promises to its customers. Realize that you can personally be -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to survive and you have a critical role in that survival.
Positive Cash Flow – In some -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------in during certain periods. Be aware of that and
negotiate appropriate terms with your suppliers. But don’t just pay them late and hope that they don’t notice like some organizations do!
This change in the focus is ---------------------------------------------- in Business because-
Business today is in a global environment. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------themselves from or ignore external factors such as economic trends, competitive situations or technology innovation in other countries, if some of their competitors are competing or are located in those countries. Companies are -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the ways in which they manage their operations and logistics activities. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to new levels. Managers must understand a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------falls into the external environment, though it can also take shape in the internal environment through rivalry between strategic business units (SBUs). For managers, understanding the external competitive landscape is a critical factor in -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------be overpowered and often forced to develop an exit strategy. Source: Boundless. Avoiding the risks of competitive factors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------or quality advantage (see figure below). Source: Boundless.
Low-Cost and Branding The simplest perspective on competition is in industries where products are homogeneous (or very alike). In such a situation, companies compete directly. For example, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- branding.
Low-cost suppliers find ways to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------economies of scale. Branding, on the other hand, aims to convince the consumer that a higher price point is worth paying based upon the company's name, reputation, or other distinguishing characteristic. For example, Dasani brand water ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- influence a consumer's purchasing decision. Differentiation
Most products and -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------wherein companies approach certain niche needs within an industry to capture a segment of the market share. An example of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to capture a share of the cereal market: some brands focus on their organic nature, others their sugary appeal, and still -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the principal focus. Quality
Finally, there is the potential to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------bracket. Quality competitive strategies, while related to branding, provide a particular level of quality to capture a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a strong antithesis to the low-cost strategy. Internal ----------------------------
Businesses also -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------business units). An example of internal competition is PepsiCo. Pepsi makes both colas and sports drinks, all of which sit on the shelf next to one another. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------; it merely lost one segment of the business while gaining another. With these points in mind, managers must -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Starting up a car manufacturing business to compete with Hyundai in the low-cost market is extremely difficult, as Hyundai has economies of scale in place that will almost always beat smaller competition on a low-cost strategy. This example illustrates an -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------) to adopt the appropriate competitive strategy to gain market share and remain profitable.
Capabilities ----------------------------------------------------- of Operations Management- Advances in computer-based -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------developed from scratch for specific purposes and differ significantly from standard electronic data processing systems. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a limited view of how they can be used. In spite of these drawbacks, the author found that a number of the 56 systems he studied are successful. And the difference between success and failure is the extent to which managers can use the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to in exploiting the capabilities of today’s technologies.
How you manage your company's -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------can use information systems to gain a cost advantage over competitors or to differentiate yourself by offering -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------system, you can streamline your operations.
Information technology must play a vital -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------process or in other company processes. The data provided by the transaction processing systems are used by management support subsystems, which are tightly integrated and interdependent.
---------------------------------------------- subsystems include:
1. Product design and engineering 2. Product scheduling 3. Quality ----------------------------------------- 4. Facilities --------------------------------------- inventory subsystems Product ---------------------------------- Engineering
Product design and engineering are widely supported today by -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of surfaces while storing the design information in databases. The produced designs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------paperwork from the design process, while speeding up the process itself. As well, the combined techniques of CAD/CAE and rapid prototyping cut time to market.
Product -------------------
Production scheduling is the heart of ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------will be provided at an appropriate time in order to manufacture the goods.
Production scheduling and the ancillary processes are today frequently controlled with a manufacturing resource planning system as the main -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of production.
Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------floor where robots and numerically controlled
machinery are installed - and thus computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is implemented. A manufacturing system based on this concept can turn out very small batches of a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------; indeed, many firms have failed in their attempts to do so.
Quality ------------------------
The quality control subsystem of a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- floor by the sensors embedded in the process control systems.
Total quality management (TQM) is a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------state that quality comes from improving the design and manufacturing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------manufacturing process.
Facilities --------------------------------------------- and Inventory Subsystems
Among the higher-level -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------capacities, and laying out the plant floors.
Manufacturing management requires -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------reports, performance of plants as cost centers, and schedules for equipment maintenance and replacement.
Managing the raw-materials, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the general logistics systems, which plan and control the arrival of purchased goods into the firm as well as shipments to the customers.
3. Discuss the important features of Java. Describe the Java development tools and the six functional packages included in Java standard library.
Java is a set of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------deploying it in a cross-platform computing environment. Java is used in a wide variety of computing platforms embedded devices and ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- environments to provide many features of native applications and can be embedded in HTML pages.
Features of a language -------------------------------- to the industry programmers. Some important features of java are;
1. Simple
It is simple because of the following factors:
It is free -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------equivalent pointer program].
It have ------------------------------------------------------ protocol interface). It have Garbage -------------------------------------) Memory location for improving performance of a Java program.
It contains ------------------------------------------- any applications.
2. Platform Independent- A -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. (Platform represents O.S).
3. Architectural Neutral- Architecture represents processor.
A Language or -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to its development and compilation.
The languages like C, CPP are treated as architectural dependent.
4. Portable- If any -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------is a portable language.
According to SUN micro system. 5. Multithreaded- A flow of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------multithreaded Language.
6. Distributed- Using this -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------on multiple server systems so that even problem occurred in one server will never be reflected on any client system.
Note: In this ------------------------------------------------------- in multiple server system.
7. Networked- It is mainly ------------------------------------------------------------------------ network based applications.
8. Robust- Simply means of Robust is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Handling. All these points makes It robust Language.
9. Dynamic- It -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------is known as dynamic memory allocation operator.
10. Secure- It is more secured language compare to other language; In this language all code is covered into byte code after compilation which is not readable by human.
11. High performance- ---------------------------------------------- reasons;
This language uses Bytecode --------------------------------------------------------------- of this language is high. Garbage collector, collect the -------------------------------------------------------------------------- of application. It have no pointers ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- very easily. It support multithreading, because ----------------------------------------------------------------- the program.
12. Interpreted- It is one of --------------------------------------------------. 13. Object Oriented- It supports ------------------------------------------------- you can read our oop's concepts in detail.
Java ---------------------------- tools-
This list covers most of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------with some context and citations from large Java community surveys proving these placements. Java beginners -----------------------------------------------------------------------. These tools are as follows- Basic Tools These tools are ------------------------------------------- and build applications.
Tool Name Brief Description
appletviewer Run -------------------------------------- a web browser.
apt ------------------------------------.
---------------- Utility to detect Jar conflicts.
jar ----------------------------------------------------- (JAR) files.
java The -------------------------------------------- is used both for development and deployment.
----------- The compiler for the Java programming language.
javadoc API ----------------------------------generator.
----------------- C header and stub generator. Used to write native methods.
javap Class file ---------------------------------
-------------------- The Java Debugger.
Security Tools These security tools help you ------------------------------------------------ within the scope of security policies set at remote sites.
Tool Name Brief Description
keytool --------------------------- and certificates.
------------------- Generate and verify JAR signatures.
------------------- GUI ---------------------------- policy files.
Internationalization Tools Tool Name Brief Description
native2ascii ----------------------------------------
-------------------------------------- (RMI) Tools These tools -------------------------------------- or other network.
Tool Name Brief Description
rmic -------------------------------------------- for remote objects.
--------------------- Remote -------------------------------- service.
rmid RMI ------------------------------ daemon.
-------------------- Return ----------------------------------.
---------------------------------- Tools These tools --------------------------------------------------------- and CORBA/IIOP.
Tool Name Brief Description
tnameserv --------------------------------------- the naming service.
------------- Generates . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------functionality.
serv------------- --------------------------------------------------------------, unregister, startup, and shutdown a server.
Java Deployment Tools Utilities for use in conjunction with deployment of java applications and applets on the web.
Tool Name Brief Description
javafxpackager ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for more information.
-------------- Transforms a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------download time.
---------------- -------------------------------------------------- by pack200 into a JAR file.
-------------------------------- Tools Utilities for use in conjunction with Java Web Start.
Tool Name Brief Description
javaws Command ---------------------------------------------------------- various options.
Java Web Services Tools Tool Name Brief Description
s-------------------- Schema generator for Java -------------------------------------------- Binding.
wsgen Tool to ------------------------------------------ artifacts.
------------------- ----------------------------------------------- JAX-WS portable artifacts.
xjc Binding ---------------------------------- XML Binding.
Scripting Tools The following tool can be used ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ and experimental in nature and should be used with that in mind. It might not be available in future JDK versions.
Tool Name Brief Description
------------------ Experimental - ----------------------------- a script.
Java standard library includes hundred of classes and methods grouped into six functional packages. 1. Language Support Package: --------------------------------------- basic features of Java. 2. Utilities Package: A collection of --------------------------------- as time and date. 3. ---------------------- Package: A collection of --------------------------------------------------------------------. 4. Networking Package: A collection of -------------------------------------------------------- via intranet or Internet. 5. Awt Package: The abstract window ---------------------------------- independent graphical user interface (GUI). 6. Applet package: This includes a set of ---------------------- programs developed for intranet/ Internet applications.
4. What is the difference between a database and a data warehouse? Take a small representative database from any organization and try to convert it into a data warehouse. What are the visible advantages that you can make out? Difference -------------------------------------------------------- warehouse
In a very generic sense, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------, technology and usage patterns.
The term "database" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- simple to understand.
A database, according to the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, but this is not a definitive technical requirement. Databases are often used in contexts where you need to be able to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------; for example, security (controlling who can access and who can change any ------------------------------------------------------- guarantee that the information can be reliably used by their clients.
Database vs. Data Warehouse
Database Data Warehouse
Definition Any -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, and retrieval.
A type of --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and provisions them for analytical use.
Types There -------------------------------------------------------------------------- database, which we’ll focus on throughout this table.Other types of databases include OLAP (used for data --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- found that many healthcare --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- not scalable).
A data ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ databases to perform analytics.An important side note -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to how the data is modeled. Most data ----------------------------------------------------------------, we advocate a unique, adaptive Late- Binding™ approach. You ------------------------------------------------------------------ in healthcare analytics in Late-Binding vs. Models: A Comp-------------------Methodologies.
Similarities Both OLTP and -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the data.
How used Typically --------------------------------. An EHR is a prime example ---------------------------------------------
Accommodates data storage for any number of applications: --------------------------------------------------
Database Data Warehouse
-----------------for quick real-time transactional processing. It is built for ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- date and time).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------within an organization (ex: total patients over age 18 who have been readmitted, by department and by month). --------------------------------------------------------------------- to handle in an OLTP database.
----------------------------- Agreement
(SLA)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and lawsuits. The database is directly linked to --------------------------------------------------------------------------- needs of the organization. In healthcare, this --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bedside care.
With OLAP databases, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. The OLAP database is separated from frontend applications, which allows it to be -------------------------------------------------------------------------- occurs every 24 hours). It serves historical ----------------------------- decisions.
-------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ database should deliver sub-second response times.------------------------------------------------------------------ it impacts the performance of the system for clinicians trying ------------------------------------------------------------ several minutes to run, locking all clinicians out in the meantime.
Optimized -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- it works with such large data sets, an OLAP database is heavy on CPU and disk bandwidth.------------------------------------------------------------ performance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ system.
Data Organization An OLTP -------------------------------------------------- is normalized (it is structured in such a way that no data is duplicated-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—and allows those sub-second response times.
In an --------------------------------------------------------------- reporting and analysis, not for quick-hitting transactional ----------------------------------------------------------------------- and provide ease of use for business users. Fewer ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and analysis.
-------------/Analysis Because of --------------------------------------- usually require the expertise of a developer or database -------------------------------------------. You can actually get quite a bit of reporting out of today’s EHRs (which run ------------------------------------------------------------- format. For example, you might generate a ------------------------------------------------------------ with a central line inserted. These reports are helpful— ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- allow in-depth analysis.
With fewer ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- users (anyone who can write a basic SQL query) can fill their own needs.The possibilities for reporting and ---------------------------------------------------------------------. There’s an intrinsic need for aggregating, summarizing, and --------------------------------------------------------------------- many types of analysis:
--------------------------------- happened) Diagnostic (-----------------------------) ---------------------- (what will happen) Prescriptive (-------------- about it)
This is ---------------------------------------- in healthcare.
Convert ----------------------------------------------- warehouse- For example I took some data base from MSA Safety Company and ------------------------------------------------ ware house.
An ------------------------------------------------------------------------- the following process:
Identify the facts – What are ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- results from the queries
------------------------------------------------ – What are the dimensions (criteria) along which the facts should be filtered
Draw ------------------ – Design a new database which -------------------------------------------------- with each of the dimension tables
Identify ----------------------- attributes – Each ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- characteristics (attributes) that make them different
SQL – Write the structured ----------------------------------------------------------------------- for above
The phases of a data -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to create data warehouse:
-------------------- requirements Design the -------------------------l model Execute T--------------------------------------------- dimension and fact tables
----------------------------------------- SQL I will not go into detail about -------------------------------------------------------- necessary to achieve the transformation. 1. Create the dimension tables - There --------------------------------------------- tables: i) Copy a table wholesale from the -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------identified for the dimension are the columns in this table in the operational database. ii) Create tables from scratch, manually inserting values. This is done for dimensions which do not exist in the operational database at all. For example a time of day -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a time/ date value (at least in normalised ones).
iii) Extract values from a operational -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a special manner. This occurs in the converse situation as in (ii), where data could have been potentially further normalised, however values were used directly. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note that here the `Dense_Rank() Over`, which is normally used for OLAP purposes, is used here to perform the simple function of assigning unique primary keys for this dimension table. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------` would result in gaps, as a result of being used together with `Distinct`. 2. Create a temporary fact table There are two main steps to this: First create the actual table by joining the necessary tables from the operational database. Secondly, create the links from the fact table to the dimension tables. i) The first step is a simple join. Select all ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- “fact” attributes, which are usually aggregate values. “Aggregate” used here refers to a single figure that represents are larger set of figures: sum, count, average, minimum, maximum, etc. ii) The next step is to add columns for the primary keys of the dimension tables. For example, the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------two ways to do this: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note that the latter involves an additional step where the “start_date” and “end_date” columns are defined for the period dimension table. In this case, since -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------table, or if there is a finite but unmanageably large number of such entries, then the latter method is the only practical way to do this. Also, note that I have converted a date type to a string, and then back again to a date type – this has been done on purpose to scrub the date values such that only their month and day values are used. Otherwise, you would be comparing apples to oranges. 3. Create the ---------------------------- template This is the easiest step of them all -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------where you will notice and then have to backtrack. We just copy the fact table, but instead of select all columns, we select -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------being presented by the fact table.
Thus in this way ------------------------------------------- ware house. -------------------------------- I make out- A goal common to all businesses is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------from it in many ways.
Better decision-making – -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and decision makers will be able to retrieve that information from the data warehouse based on their -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, financial management, and sales.
Quick and easy access to data – Speed is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------time won’t be wasted on retrieving data from multiple sources. This allows you to make quick and accurate decisions, with little or no support from your IT department.
---------------- and consistency – Since ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and consistent with each other. When data is standardized, you can have confidence in its accuracy, and accurate data is what makes for strong business decisions.
A data warehouse is essential for any business that wants to profit from sound business decisions. If you’re looking to implement a data warehouse into your business, give us a call today.
5. Define Artificial Intelligence. Why is it said that some problems can only be solved through intuitive algorithms and thus are in the AI domain? Identify some latest managerial trends and issues related to applied AI technologies.
Artificial Intelligence is a branch of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way. A more or less flexible or efficient approach -------------------------- how artificial the intelligent behaviour appears.
AI is generally associated with Computer Science, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------from all these fields will ultimately benefit our progress in the quest of creating an intelligent artificial being.
Together with this, much of AI research is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and pattern recognition. Artificial Intelligence can help us understand this process by recreating it, then potentially enabling us to enhance it beyond our current capabilities.
AI research is highly technical and -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.
Artificial Intelligence is slowly but surely -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------should be learning.
One way to think about AI is by -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------can input, store, process, and output information. Both can contain declarative and procedural knowledge.
Right now, a human brain is far far better at ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (that humans consider important) far faster and more accurately than a human brain. Intuitive algorithms- There would be problems that could be not solved by mathematical or logical algorithms. Such problems can only be solved through intuitive algorithms. These problems are -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------would be doing the following tasks: 1) Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: You -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, implicit, explicit or probabilistic to gather knowledge to solve a problem. You build rules to infer -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------from the goal. 2) Heuristic Search: One has to develop rules of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to another state we search for the best possible solution at each state. The better the solution found at each state, the fewer steps it will require to reach to the next state. 3) Inference: While searching you would come -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------reasoning or reasoning under uncertainty. 4) Learning: Learning could be parametric -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------is learning. In inductive learning the learner makes
generalizations from the examples and -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------with others. 5) Planning: While a reasoning -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of a methodology for achieving a goal form the initial stages. It moves from general facts to basic facts, from basic facts to particular ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- steps or actions. Latest ---------------------------------------------------------- AI technologies- We've seen startling moves in artificial ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to children. Companies are using AI to improve their product and increase sales. AI saw significant advances in machine learning.
1. Deep ------------------------------------
"We will see an exponential -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of ever-growing supercomputers." Richardson agreed. She called deep learning one of the top areas of focus for 2016.
2. -------------------------- workers
Moore sees a lot more high-level interest in this issue—"whether this industrial revolution is different from the others." A study from The National Academy of -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------when white collar jobs, which are primarily about pure information processing—something computers do well—migrate to white collar jobs which are safe, people interacting with other people."
3. Internet of ---------------------------------
Yampolskiy sees more and more devices becoming connected and "resulting in smarter homes, smarter cars, smarter everything." Richardson sees IoT leading to a point where "------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (robot ethics) worry about how the mined data can potentially be exploited.
4. Breakthroughs ---------------------------------------------
According to Andrew Moore, AI that can detect human emotion is, perhaps, one of the most important new areas of research. And Yampolskiy believes that our -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, computers are better able to detect our emotional state. Researchers are exploring how this new knowledge can be used ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- online.
5. AI in ------------------------------------ customer service
And, speaking of customer service ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to help customers figure out the perfect item. "It's like when somebody is browsing and shows they -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------for them," said Moore.
Tech Republic has reported on how -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------bet," he said. "In the late '90s, there was a rush to see who would be the big providers of databases which run the planet. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------business which involves explaining, answering questions, presenting data."
6. Ethical -------------------------
All three AI experts agreed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------who are building AI, have to appeal to someone else to create these programs," said Moore. When coming up with a driverless car, for example, how does the car decide what to do when an animal comes into the road? When you write the code, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------? I would hate to be the person writing that code."
We need a discussion to come up with -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------complex. "None of us are even touching this at the moment, but what if that car is going to hit a pedestrian, and the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and engineers solving. Someone has to come up with an answer."
Richardson, head of the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------an asymetrical relationship of power. While she doesn't see that becoming a real thing very soon, Richardson thinks that in 2016, we will "start to see artificial avatars acting in cyberspace like persons," albeit modified.
7. A --------------------- representation
While many schools are pushing to recruit a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------group. These systems need to be built by a representation of the country's population."
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