mračna istorija papa by brenda ralf luis

7/22/2019 Mračna Istorija Papa by Brenda Ralf Luis

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FJVMŻDIG

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Y h t j ċ g b d o v h t d o h b h . m g j p r v d

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SHSG

WQJM

Vdksod phph zhuzdkh bhisthrdiu dzfjrbu aubo`diu u svgtu" W fgzkhnj

6"333 ejmdbh. ojndoj pjstjid. phpstvj ig utd`hnj bh tjo gvrjpsog dstjrdig

prgmsthvnihiuąd. u dstd khl. ohoj jbj bhifjnig. thoj d jbj bhiejrg Ũtj ig th

dstjrdih mjbgnh" Kbjeg phpg su spngtohrdng. ufdihng. pjmkdądvhng. orhng d jmhvhng

sg ċunbdk uŲd`dkh. h fdnj ig kgĘu bidkh d jbdl ojid su pjċdbdnd zvgrstvh thoj

uŲhsbh mh su dzhzdvhnh prgbgrhŲgbjst ċho d kgmu bidljvdk shvrgkgbd`dkh"

]j sg bhrjċdtj jmbjsd bh bhithkbdig mhbg krhċbg

phpsog dstjrdig. u mjfh ohm ig lrdŨąhbstvj thvjrdnj

u ldstgrdċbjk strhlu jm vgŨtdċhrgbih dnd fdnj

ohovje sorgthbih s puth ‒prhvg& r gndedig. jbhov g ohov u

prjpdsuiu phpg d Vdkjohtjndċoh `rovh" Bhiebusbdid znjċdbd

dohmh pjċdbigbd u dkg rg ndedig + h svd uz jm jf rgb ig phph+ jmderhnd su sg u tjou p gt vgojvh ohmh ig Ũdrjk Gvrj pg

vjĘgbh Ųgstjoh fdtoh s `dnigk mh sg jtonjbg ‒zhfnumg&

+ svhoj vgrjvhbig. vgrsoh prhosh dnd k dŨnig big ojid su

jmstuphnd jm zvhbdċbg phpsog ndbdig"

]hoj su. prdkgrh rhmd. u igmbjk prhvjk egbj`dmu

strhmhnd ohthrd. hsogtsoh sgoth bhsthbigbh bh iuejzhphmu

Arhb`usog. ċdid su prdphmbd`d vgrjvhnd mh jvhi svgt prdphmh

igmbhoj d Fjeu d Ęhvjnu" Ejm dbg 8608" uv gmgbh ig

dbovdzd dih. ohj sum zh ohthrg" Dbov dzdtj rd su p rdfge hvhnd

strhvdċbdk kuċgbidkh bg fd nd jm niumd dzbumdnd

prdzbhbih" Bh orhiu ig strhm hnbdog bh iċgŨ ąg ċgoh nh sk rt

u bgkdnjsrmbjk pnhkgbu njkhċg" Wz igrgtdog. bh dstd.

uŲhshb bhċdb dzedbunj ig bh ldnihmg bhvjmbdl vgŨtd`h.

ċhrjfbihoh. vrhċgvh d jsthndl ‒snueh mhvjnjvdl&"

Bh bgŨtj khbig surjv bhċdb dbovdzd`dih sg u \QDD

vgou jfrhċubhnh s Ehndngigk. hstrjbjkjk ojid sg bhŨhj

bh umhru @rovg zhtj Ũtj ig pjmrŲhvhj sthvjvg u vgzd sh

Fhzdndoh sv" Sgtrh u Qhtdohbu ,ngvj$. erhĘgbh jm 8731" mj 8161"

ejmdbg. igmbj ig jm bhisvgtdidl kgsth u lrdŨąhbsojk svgtu" Dstjċbj

jm fhzdndog bhnhzd sg Sih`h md Phb Sigtrj ,]re svgtje Sgtrh$. muŲ ojig

sg uzmdŲu 6<= mjrsoh stufh d. dzbhm bidl. 8=3 s thtu h s vgth` h ,mgsbj $"

struoturjk ojskjsh ojid su fdnd u mdrgotbji suprjtbjstd s

`rovgbdk uċgbidkh" Ehndngi ig. bhdkg. vgrjvhj mh Ygknih

oruŲd joj P ub`h. mjo ig @ rovh svjig vgrbdog uċdnh mh sg

Ygknih bhnhzd u srgmdŨtu vhsgnigbg" Ehndngi ig jvjzgkhnisod

Ųdvjt jojbċhj ohj zhtjċgbdo u sjpstvgbjk mjku. d

kjrhnj ig mh prjĘg jtprdndog 073 ejmdbh prg bgej Ũtj igQhtdohb prdzbhj mh ig vgndod hstrjbjk dpho fdj u prhvu"

Qhtdohb ig dkhj d svjig sjpstvgbg zhtjċgbdog. jbg ojid

su zhrjfnigbdŨtvj shkd sgfd bhkgtbund? rgċ ig j pgtjrd`d

phph ojid su jmfdnd mh prdzbhiu Orhnigvdbu Dthndiu. mh fd

ejtjvj pubdl Ũgst mg`gbdih jmfdihnd mh bhpustg tgrdtjrdiu

Qhtdohbh" Sdig \D ig. bhpjsngtou. ejmdbg 8464"

uvdmgj mh thohv vdm dzjnh`dig Ũtgtd uprhvj

usthbjvd phpstvh. ph ig pjtpdshj Nhtgrhbsod

spjrhzuk. bh jsbjvu ojige sg Qhtdohb

vrhtdj u jordnig shvrgkgbje svgth"

Mgsgt ejmdbh ohsbdig ,8404$ mrued

igmhb Sd ig + phph Sd ig \ DD + kjr hj

ig mh sg sujċ d s m ru ed k uŲhsdkh

shvrgkgbje svgth? jfg suojfnigbg

strhbg u Mruejk svgtsojk rhtu

trhŲdng su jm bigeh fnhejsnjv" Sdig

bdig pjmrŲhj bd igmbg bd mrueg" Dmuąd

bigejvdk putgk. bgod su u Sdiu vdmgnd

iu bho h d sphsdj`h . mjo ig u jċd k h

mruedl fdj d jsthj lunih. ph ċho d

znjċdbh`"



SHSG

KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHMHQDBH

FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPOD P OHB MHND

Srg ldnihmu d vdsg ejmdbh rdksou stvhrbjst jfgngŲhvhnh ig pjndtdċoh bgsthfdnbjst"

W tj mjfh phpstvj ig j sgfd jsthvnihnj sndou bgċge bgsvhodmhŨbige. bhstrhbje. ph d uŲhshvhiuąge" Shphkh sg prdpdsuiu svhojvrsbh krhċbh bgmgnh" Ojrup`dih.

prjmhih `rovgbdl zvhbih. bgpjtdzhk d Ųdvjt u rhsojŨd shkj su igmbj.

d tj bg bhi`rbig pjenhvnig u tji prdpjvgstd"

Wvrgkg thojzvhbg phpsog pjrbjorhtdig. pj`gtojk

mgsgtje vgoh. phpg su fdng khrdjbgtg ojidkh susg snuŲdng d bidkh. zhrhm vnhstdtdl bgċhsbdl `dnigvh.

uprhvnihng kjąbg niufhvbd`g" W derhkh tdl Ųgbh. ojig su

tgŲdng vnhstd d kjm. phpg su ojrdŨągbg ohj jfdċbd pdjbd" Bdig.

Fgbgm do t D\ ,ejrg $ . igmhb jm bh isohbmh njzb d i dl phph \D vgoh . u

d s o h zdkh s h v rg k g b do h j p ds d v h b ig o h j p j m h j . j m v rh th b . e b u s h b .

p h d o hj ‒ m g kj b d z p h o nh u s v g Ũ tg b dċ o j i j m j r d „ " Sj p rg m h b iu . u

Fhz d n d` d sv " Sg t rh shlrhb igb ig svg t d Sg th r . p rv d r dkso d f dsoup d

p rvh n d ċ b j s t u p h p s o j i b h s ng m b j i n d b d i d " Bh s n d ` d v dm dkj o u p j nu o h o j

sg uzm dŲg dzbhm ahshmg? rhmjv d su zhpjċg t d 8137 " pjm vjms tvjk hrl d tgo tg Ohr nh Khmgrbg "

stjeh. fgz vhnihbdl rhznjeh jvj rhzmjfnig bhzvhbj ‒vnhmhvdbh

fnumbd`h&"

OHOJ BHāD BGP]HNJE SHSW]jndog su phpg pjfdigbg. jshohągbg. jtrjvhbg dnd bh mrued

bhmb zhuvgo uonjbigbg mh fd. ohm fd sg mgsdnj mh bgod jm

bidl bgsthbg. mh eh bdm ig j m vdŨg bg vdmg + niumdkh. pj

prdrjmd stvhrd. jsthnj mh bhehmhiu bh ojid nd ig shkj svdrgp

bhmb mjtdċbd zhvrŨdj" Ohj bgpjsrgmhb uzrjo skrtd ċgstj

sg pjkdbihnj prdmhvnidvhbig u thkbd`d" Mh nd ig dŨċgznd phph

erjzbj jshohągb. ph vdŨg bdig u sthbiu mh sg pjihvniuig u

ihv bjstd: Dnd ig . kjŲgfdtd. utgohj svg s phpsojk ohsjk: Dndfd trgfhnj prgtrhŲdtd fjrmgng d sndċbg ouąg bh znu enhsu. mh sg

4



83 KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHM H QDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOH BPOD POHBMHND

K H ţ ] J Q D ] G W F D @ G

Vhzbjvrsbjst bhċdbh bh ojig su phpg strhmhng u vrgkg

phpsog pjrbjorhtdig prjstj ig zhphbiuiuąh" Srdkgrh rhmd.

ejmdbg <<6" phph Ijvhb QDDD bdig mjvjnibj frzj pjmngehj

mgistvu jtrjvh ojid ku ig mht" Wfd`g su dzeufdng strpnigbig

ph su ku k hnigvdkh rhzfdng njfhbiu. mh bg eufg vrgkg"

Ptgahb D\. phph dz \ vgoh. bhŨhj sg bh uŲhsbdk

kuohkh ohm su ku dsojphnd jċd. h pjtjk jmsgond

usbg. igzdo d Ũhog" Bgodk ċumjk. bgsrgąbdo ig svg tj

prgŲdvgj. hnd bdohmh vdŨg svjig ubhohŲgbj nd`g bdig

pjohzhj prgm svgtjk" Shph Fgbgmdot Q orgbuj

ig zh @hrderhm 41=" ejmdbg pjŨtj ig zhvgj knhmu

mgvjiou. d prdtjk sh sjfjk pjbgj d phpsou rdzbd`u"Fgbgmdot ig. pj svgku sumgąd. fdj igmhb jm pjbtdah

Ũdrjog ruog. fumuąd mh ig shv bjvhg prjągrmhj ijŨ

tg dstg ejmdbg. mh fd sg jmk hl pjtjk vrhtdj u Vdk"

Wfrzj sg vrhtdj sthrdk njŨdk bhvdohkh. h bh orhiu ku

ig mjŨhj enhvg igmhb n iuf jk jrbd kuŲ ojid ig bh phpdbjk

tgnu jsthvdj prgoj stj ufjmbdl rhb h prg bgej Ũtj eh ig

fh`dj u sgptdċou ihku"

Mrued igmhb phph. F jbdah` dig QD. stupdj ig bh p rgstj sv"

Sgtrh uprojs ċdbigbd`d mh ig prgtljmbj zfje bgkjrhnbje

pjbRŨhbih mvhput bhzhmjvhj u `rovgbji ldigrhrldid" OhjŨtj ċgstj fdvh s mjehmhidkh ojid su sg jmderhnd mhvbj. ph su

u kgmuvrgkgbu pjsthnd tgkh rhzbdl ngegbmd. Fjbdah`dig ig

dnd ukrj jm ojstjfjnig. dnd ig j trjvhb dnd ig sodbut s pjnjŲhih

ohoj fd bigejvj kgstj zhuzgj mrued phph. Ptgahb Q DD" Fdnj

ohoj fdnj. Fjbdah`dig ig pjtpubj bgsthj dz dstjrdig. hnd ig tj.

u svhojk snuċhiu. uċdbdj s vrnj sukbidvjk uŲurfhbjŨąu9

bigejv pjbtdadoht pjtrhihj ig svgeh 87 mhbh" Ohsbdig su

Shph Ijvhb QD D D uf d igb ig <<6" ejm dbg. h n d tgo pjŨtj ig jmj ngj

mgis tvu j trjvh" Wfd`g su kjrh ng mh eh mjorh iċg khn igv dkh"

phpd Ptgahbu usorhągbh kbjeh jvnhŨągbih d pjvnhstd`g

ojid su ku dbhċg. ohj pjbtdau. prdphmhnd. h svg u ojrdst

bigejvdl kg`gbh. kjąbg ouąg Ppjngtj u srgmbiji Dthndid d

bigbg kjąbg pjenhvhrog Hedntrumg. pj ċdiji ig zhkdsnd <45"

ejmdbg d uprdndċgb shfnhŲbidvd Krtvhċod sdbjm"

prjvgrd mh sg kjŲmh thkj bg ordig: Ďgstj bdig fdnj prhvje

jmejvjrh. h ukgstj jmejvhrhiuąge jfihŨbigbih rhsprgmhng su

sg prd`g d enhsdbg"

Igmbj ig. u svhojk snu`hiu. fdnj sdeurbj9 u mgvgtjk vgou

phpstvj d phpg fdnd su puog derhċog u ruohkh pngkdąodl

pjrjmd`h ohj Ũtj su fdnd Ppjngtd. ojid su pjm svjijk vnhŨąu

mrŲhnd erhmjvg pjput Qgbg`dig. Kdnhbh. ēgbjvg. Sdzg.

Adrgb`g d Pdigbg. mh pjkgbgkj shkj bgog" Sjkjąu

fjehtstvh d utd`hih. ohj d ihodl vgzh s njohnbdk vjisohkh.

jvg pjrjmd`g ufrzj su prgrhsng u svjigvrsbu agumhnbu

hrdstjorhtdiu" Fdnh ig tj. khljk . igmbh bgj tgshbh funukgb th

sonjbh bhiejrgk bhsdniu. jorutbh. sprgkb h bh svg bg fd nd

W mgvgtjk vgou phpstvj d phpg fdnd su

derhċog u ruohkh pngkdąodl pjrjmd`h"

sg mjkjenh bhiprgstdŲbdige pjnjŲhih u lrdŨąhbsojk svgtu"

Ohm su u tjk bhuku ojbhċbj d uspgnd. dspjsthvdnj sg mh ig

bidljvh bjvjstgċgbh k ją dpho orhtojeh mhlh. fumuąd mh

su vnhmhvdbg pjigmdbdl bidljvdl Ũtdągbdoh kgmu phphkh

fdng dzrhzdtj orhtojtrhibg" Srdkgrh rhmd. u pgrdjmu jm

<56" mj 43=" ejmdbg dzrgmhnj sg uoupbj 6= phph" BhimuŲd

pjbtdadoht pjtrhihj ig igmbu mg`gbdiu. mjo sg. rg`dkj. mgsdnj



KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHMHQ DBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPOD POHBMHND 88

ţuŨohnj sg mh ig phph Ajrkj z d ig . p rg bgej

Ũ tj ig dzmhlbuj <41 " ejm dbg . f dj j t rjv hb .

h nd sg zbh mh ig tgo pjs ng t rj vhb ih zhmjf dj

erjzbg pjvrgmg " Jmsgċgbj ku ig v dsg

prst d iu . h prg bgej Ũtj su eh fh`d n d u rgou

] dfhr . o rvb d` d su ku jmruf d n d e nhvu "

bigejvji vjnid d engmhtd ohoj iji jmfh`uiu sdbh. h d dbhċg

pjzbhiuą d ehmbu bhrhv Ppjngth. mj frj ig zbhj mh sg bgvjnih

bg kjŲg dzfgąd" D stjeh ig Ajrkjzdig zhtrhŲdj Hrbunajvu

pjkją"

Hrbuna. jpgt. bdig dkhj bhkgru mh mjzvjnd mh eh dstdsbg

thkj bgod khnjngtbd Ųutjoniubh` ohj Ũtj ig Nhkfgrt. ph bdbgoj ohj Nhkfgrtjvh bgukjnidvh khioh" Wfrzj ig stdehj sh

svjijk vjisojk d bhtgrhj Hedntrumu mh sg frŲg+fjnig vrhtd

u Ppjngtj" Mhbh 66" agfruhrh <41" phph Ajrkjzdig orubdshj

Ejtjvj ig dzvgsbj mh ig Ptgahb fdj num

ċjvgo. h zh bigejvufjngst. pj svgku

sumgąd. zbhj ig `gj Vdk"

mh sg u rjou jm shkj ejmdbu mhbh bh prgstjnu sv" Sgtrh

dzrgmhiu ċgtvjrd`h phph" Jm <41" mj 43=" dzrgmhnj sg uoupbj

mgvgtjrd`h phph. h prdkgrh rhmd dstj tjndoj dl ig bh muŲbjst

dzhfrhbj u `gnjk \DD vgou" Pvg tj. bhrhvbj. dmg u prdnje

tvrmbid mh ig phpsoj rdksoj sgmdŨtg fdnj u sthbiu bgprgsthbje

kgtgŲh igr ig bgprgodmbj vjmgbh fdtoh zh Qhtdohb"

QJIQJ]ODBIH PGIG PKV]Ptgahb QDD fdj ig igmhb jm tdl orhtojvgodl phph ojid su ouąd

Ppjngtj jfgąhvhnd pubj uŲdvhbig u phpsoji kjąd" Ptjnjvhj

ig. kgmutdk. svgeh 87 kgs g` d tg <41" d <4 5" ejmdbg" Ej tjvj

ig dzvgsbj mh ig Ptgahb fdj num ċjvgo. h zh bigejvu fj ngs t.

pj svgku sumgąd. zbhj ig `gj Vdk" Bd tj. kgmutdk. bdig

sprgċdnj Hedntrumu mh eh bgohoj dzeurh bh prgstj svgtje

Sgtrh. bh ojid ig Ptgahb stupdj u iunu <41" Hedntrumh ig. ċdbd

sg. dkhnh pjsgfhb zhmhtho zh phpu Ptgahbh. h svg sg svjmdnjbh jsvgtu bigbjk bgohmhŨbigk

bgprdihtgniu. pjċdvŨgk phpd

Ajrkjzdiu"

Ohj d jerjkbh vgądbh ċuvgbdl

enhkurjzbdl lgrjdbh dz dstjrdig

`dvdndzh`dig. d Hedntrumh ig fdnh bh

enhsu ohj dzrhzdtj ngph Ųgbh. zhbjsbdl

jfndbh d mueg pnhvg ojsg" Igmbj ig. u

svhojk snuċhiu. dzvgsbj9 undvhnh ig

strhljpjŨtjvhbig d fdnh bh enhsu pjsvjiji uŲhsbji sonjbjstd oh jmkhzmd

svhog vrstg" Ejmdbg <4=" Hedntrumh

ig svje knhmge sdbh. Nhkfgrth .

pjvgnh u Vdk mh eh thmhŨbid phph

Ajrkjzdig prjenhsd zh vnhmhrh Pvgtje

rdksoje `hrstvh. ċgku sg jbh dsorgbj

bhmhnh" W Vdku kgmutdk. Hedntrumh

ig uvdmgnh mh d ċhs bd Ajrkjzdig

dkh bgog svjig ohbmdmhtg zh `hrsod

prgstj" Bigku sg. ojborgtbj. vdsg

svdmgj mrued prg tgbmg bt. Hrb una jm

Ohrdbtdig. pjtjkho Ohrnh Qgndoje.

prvje u bdzu vnhmhrh Pvgtje rdksoje

`hrstvh" Shpd ig jmkhl fdnj ihsbj mh

sg Hedntrumh bgąg orjtoj pjvdbjvhtd



86 KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNH MHQDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOH BPOD POHBMHND



KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHMHQDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPOD POHBMHND 80

] V D S W ] S H S H 9 F G B G M D O ] D \

Fgbgmdot D\ rjmgb ig joj 8386" ejmdbg u pjrjmd`d

ojih ig dkhnh dzrhzdt pjndtdċod. vjibd. ph d utd`hi u sagrdphpstvh" Mvjid`h bigejvdl strdċgvh. bhdkg. sgmgnh su u

Pvgtji stjnd`d ohj Fgbgmdot QDDD d Ijvhb \D\. h bigejv

jth`. erja jm ]usounh + Hnfgrdo DDD. f dj ig. svhohoj.

mjvjnibj utd`hibh ndċbjst mh svjkg sdbu. ohm ig jvjkg

fdnj jtprdndog 63 ejmdbh. jfgzfgmd prgstj svgtje Sgtrh"

Bdig bd pjtrgfbj bhpjkdbihtd mh ig Fgbgmdot fdj igmhb

jm bhiknhmdl phph u dstjrdid. h d Ũtj sg rhzvrhth tdċg

vdsjoj sg ojtdrhj" Ph vrgk gbd`d su eh jpdshnd ohj ċjvgoh

ojid ‒uŲdvh u bgkjrhnu&. ph d ohj ‒mgkjbh dz phonh

prgruŨgbje u svgŨtgbdoh&" JptuŲdvhnd su eh. prdtjk. zh‒kbjeg bdsog prgniufg d ufdstvh&" Igmhb jm pjtjbidl

phph. Qdotjr DDD. jptuŲdvhj eh ig zh ‒sdnjvhbih. ufdstvh d

mrueh bgdsohzdvh mgnh„" Fgbgmdotjv Ųdvjt. ejvjrdj ig ijŨ

phph Qdotjr. fdj ig ‒thoj jmvrhthb. thoj erjzhb d ebushb

mh zhmrltdk ohm bh bigeh shkj pjkdsndk&" H Fgbgmdot

ig. sgk bhvgmgbjeh. jp tuŲdvhb d zfje lj kjs go suhnbj std

d rhzfnumbdl sonjbjstd prgkh Ųdvjtdbihkh"

Ohj `rovgbd hutjrdtgt. kgmutdk. Fgbgmdot bdig dspjnidj

sbheu" Bgprdihtgnid su eh prjebhnd dz Vdkh prvj 8301.

h pjtjk d 83=7" ejmdbg. ohmh ig svjig zvhbig zh 1<3odnjerhkh znhth prjmhj svjk ouku. Ijvhbu Erh`dihbu.

bhmsvgŨtgbdou @rovg sv" Ijvhbh N htgrhbsoje. ojid ig

ohsbdig pjsthj phph Ereu r QD" Jvh dspnhth u tjndoji ig

kgrd dsuŨdnh vhtdohbsou rdzbd`u mh phph bgoj vrgkg bdig

dkhj bjv`h mh dzkdrd bd jsbjvbg trjŨojvg"

SjŨtj sg mjkjehj njvdbg. Fgbgmdot sg prgpustdj

Ųdvjtu u mjojnd`d. vjnihb mh sgfd prduŨtd svh kjeuąh

zhmjvjnistvh u igmbj k jm svjidl zhko jvh u

ubutrhŨbijstd Dthndig" Bhkgrhvhj ig. thojmg. mh sg

Fgbgmdot D\ ig. thoj sg prdċhnj. svji fgsprdzjrbd Ųdvjt jojbċhj

ohj soruŨgbd pjohibdo u @rovd Phbth Khrd ih md Erjthagrhth. u

vhrjŨd`d Erjthagrhth u pjfrmu Kjbtd Hnfhbd . iuejdstjċbj jm Vdkh"

ig Hrbunah zh vnhmhrh Pvgtje rdk soje `hrh" Bjvd `hr jmkhl

ig orgbuj mh uonjbd He dntrumu. hnd prg bgej Ũtj ig stde hj mj

Ppjngth. jzfdnihb zmrhvstvgbd prjfngk. kjeuąg kjŲmhbd

umhr. sprgċdj eh ig mh jstvhrd Ũtj ig bhukdj" Shph Aj rkj zdig

S h p h I j v h b QDDD , s g m d $ m h i g p h p s o d f n h e j s n j v Ohr nu ā g n h v j k . o r h n i u

Y h p h m b g A r h b h ą o g , s g v g r j z h p h m m h b h Ũ b i g A r h b ` u s o g $ . p j Ũ t j i g j v h i <56"

OVWBDPHB YH QNHMHVH PQG]JE VDKPOJE @HVP]QH"

jŲgbd. hnd eh ig mjtdċbh mhkh. dbhċg Fgbgmdotjvh

rjmhoh u mruejk ojngbu. jmfdnh" ]go Ũtj ig bgojndojkgsg`d prjŨnj. h Fgbgmdot sg pjbjvj pjihvdj u Vdku.

s bhkgrjk mh sg vrhtd bh vnhst" W tjkg. kgmutdk. bdig

uspgj. h dz erhmh su eh 83=1" ejmdbg p rjtgrhnd rhzihrgbd

pngkdąd" Srjfhj ig jb ijŨ igmbjk. hnd ig bhdŨhj bh dstd

jtpjr. mh fd eh ojbhċbj prjebhnd 83=<"

Bhrgmbg ejmdbg Fgbgmdot ig jptuŲgb zh sdkjbdiu.

hnd sg bdig pjihvdj prgm sumjk" Yh tj ig ohŲbigb

gosojkubdoh`dijk" Sjsng tjeh. bigejvj sg dkg khbig+

+vdŨg bg pjkdbig u zhpdsdkh" ]hċhb mhtuk bigejvg

skrtd d mhnig sg bg zbh" KjŲmh ig ukrj 8371" ejmdbg.uprhvj mjo sg prdprgkhj zh bjvd pjljm bh phpsod

prgstj" Sjkdbig sg d ejmdbh 8317. ohmh sg Fgbgmdot.

bhvjmbj. pjohihj zh svjig fgzfrjibg erglg d dzmhlbuj.

ohj pjohibdo. u jphtdid Erjthagrhth u pjfrmu Kjbtd

Hnfhbd. mvhmgsgtho odnjkgthrh iuejdstjċbj jm Vdkh"

ukrj ig Ũgst bgmgnih ohsbdig. ċgtvrtje hprdnh <41" ejmdbg.

pjŨtj eh ig. bhvjmbj. jtrjvhnh Hedntrumh" Hoj ig sumdtd pj

svgmjċgbidkh shvrgkgbdoh. Ajrkjzdig ig d ohj phph d ohj

ċjvgo fdj mjstjihb mdvnigbih? prjċuj sg pj frdzd zh sdrjtdbiu.

hsogtsojk bhċdbu Ųdvjth. ċgmbjstd d pj tjkg Ũtj ig fdj

pjtpubj prgmhb kjndtvd. h svg su tj dstdbsog lrdŨąhbsog

vrndbg ojig su. u tji grd jpŨtg mgohmgb`dig. shkjŲdvjstd d

mdvnihŨtvh. fdng prhvh rgtojst"



8= KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNH MHQDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPO D POHBMHND

Ohovg ejm eh. kgĘutdk. vrndbg orhsdng. Ajrkjzdig bdig

kjehj u pjtpubjstd mh dzkhobg jtrjvbji htkjsagrd bhsdnih

d spngthoh ojih ig vnhmhnh u @rovd bigejvje vrgkgbh" Fdnj

ig d prgvdŨg nhoj stvj rdt d sgf d bgp rd ihtg nig . h tdk g d m jąd bh

umhr bidljvg jsvgtjniufdvjstd d srmŲfg" Kjeuąg ig. prdtjk.

mh ig Ajrkjzdig fdj prgvdŨg ċgstdt d dsorgb zh svjig mjfrj"Bg kjŲg sg. prdkgrh rhmd. kumrdk skhtrhtd bigejv pjtgz

ohmh sg <56" suprjtsthvdj dzfjru phpg Ijvhbh QDDD. bhrjċdtj

hoj sg dkh u vdmu mh ig Ajrkjzdig d shk fdj igmhb jm

prjtdvohbmdmhth" Bgrhzfjrdtj ig. thojĘg. s bigejvg strhbg

fdnj d tj Ũtj ig dkhj prdihtgnig kgĘu bgprdihtgnidkh phpg

Ijvhbh . ojid su prjtdv bigeh bg prgsth bj ojvhnd zhvgrg"

]jndoj ig bhenhŨgbh fdnh bhkgrh tdl niumd mh eh ubdŨtg mh

sg bdsu ustgzhnd mh. zhrhm jstvhrgbih bgċhsbdl pnhbjvh.

pjkją pjtrhŲg d jm kusndkhbh Phrh`gbh. dbhċg zhongtdl

bgprdihtgnih lrdŨąhbstvh"W tj vrgkg bdig fdnj bdohovj ċumj mh bgprdihtgnid

phph igmbjsthvbj. prgoj bjąd. bgsthbu. dnd mh dl bgemg

prjbhĘu krtvg" Sjruou krŲbig bdig fdnj tgŨoj prjċdthtd. d

bhkgŨthniog" Prgąjk. ohsbdig ku ig svg jprjŨtgbj" Ohmh ig

<<6" ukrj Ijvhb QDDD. bigejv bhsngmbdo. phph Khrdb D. pjzvhj

ig Ajrkjzdih mh sg vrhtd u Vdk dz svje utjċdŨth u zhphmbji

Arhb`uso ji. d uz tj ku vrhtdj fdsoupdiu u Sjrtu" Mgvgt ejmdbh

ohsbdig. Ajrkjzdig ig d shk dzhfrhb zh phpu. d uprhvj u tdl

pgt ejmdbh. ojndoj ig prjvgj u Qhtdohbu. pjċdbdj ig igmbuvgjkh jzfdnibu ergŨou9 bhniutdj ig Hedntrumu d ouąu Ppjngtj"

Yfje phpsog pjndtdog ojiu ig vjmdj. stvjrdj ig sgfd d mrueg

bgprdihtgnig. Ũtj ig bhrjċdtj mjŨnj mj dzrhŲhih ohm ig pjouŨhj

pjtpubj mh gndkdbdŨg upndv svgtjvbdl ,bgzhrgmgbdl$ jsjfh u

`rovgbg pjsnjvg"

Phsvdk ig kjeuąg mh uprhvj zfje tjeh skrt igmbje

]hovg jptuŲfg d prgsumg. d tj igmbjk

ċjvgou u ejmdbhkh. ndċbjstd ojih sg

mjohzhnh ohj pjŨtgbh d kjrhnbh +

fdng su jċdengmbj jfdċbh nhormdih d. pjsvgku sumgąd. pnjm igmbg bhkgŨthniog"

ohm su bigejvd prdihtgnid zhvgrgbd`d utgond s phpsoje mvjrh.

d Ajrkjzdig ig pjfgehj s bidkh" ]j ig. bhrhvbj. zbhċdnj

mh ig d jb uċgstvjvhj u zhvgrd. Ũtj ig zh pjsngmd`u dkhnj

tj mh fumg jptuŲgb zh bgog ebusbg znjċdbg. ohj Ũtj ig.

rg`dkj. jsovrbuąg rdksodl shkjsthbh d umruŲdvhbig u `dniu

ubdŨthvhbih phpsoje sgmdŨth" Ajrkjzdig ig ohŲbigb u sonhmu

s tgŲdbjk jptuŲfd" Ejmdbg <5<" go sojku bd`drhb ig dz

lrdŨąhbsog `rovg" Ohzbh ig. dstdbh. pjvuċgbh bgŨtj ohsbdig.

ohm ig prdsthj mh pjtpdŨg dzihvu u ojiji ig ohtgejrdċbj

tvrmdj mh sg bdohmh bgąg vrhtdtd u Vdk d mh. mjo ig Ųdv. bgąg

jfhvnihtd svgŨtgbdċog muŲbjstd" Jmuzgth ku ig. sgk tjeh.

d fdsoupdih u Sjrtu. u Sjrtuehnu. emg ig Ajrkjzdig jm <1="

fdj bh muŲb jstd ohrmdbhnh fdsouph"

PQG JSVJţ]GBJ + MJ MHNIGE]hovg jptuŲfg d prgsumg. d tj igmbjk ċjvgou u ejmdbhkh.

ndąbjstd ojih sg mjohzhnh ohj pjŨtgbh d kjrhnbh + fdng su

jċdengmbj jfdċbh nhormdih d. pj svgku sumgąd. pnjm igmbg




bigbje bgprdihtgnih d bgsp jsjfb jst mrueje + bdsu zhmjvjnidnd

Hedntrumu" Jbh ig bh uku dkhnh bgŨtj zbhtbj mrhkhtdċbdig

d igzjvdtdig" Ohmh ig prgkdbuj Ajrkjzdigv bhsngmbdo bh

kgstu phpg. Fjbdah`dig QD. put sg jtvjrdj prgm Ptgahbjk QDD.

kdnigbdojk d shkg Hedntrumg d bigb je. dstj thoj znurhmje

sdbh Nhkfgrth"

DY KVŻBIG W KVHĎBG VHFJ]GIhbuhrh <45" Ptgahb ig jfihvdj mh ąg u @rovd sv" Ijvhbh

Nhtgrhbsoje. fjejkjnid u ojiji ig phph jfhvnihj muŲbjst

sthrgŨdbg lrhkh ohj fdsoup rdksod. fdtd jmrŲhbj igmbj

sumgbig" ]uŲgbd u tjk prj`gsu fdj ig phph Ajrkjzdig. ojid u

tjk trgbutou vgą mgvgt kgsg`d bdig fdj kgmu Ųdvdkh? prgkh

Ajrkjzdiu sg. dbhċg. ojm Ptgahbh u kgmuvrgkgbu rhzvdnh

ahbhtdċbh krŲbih" Ptgahb ig. jċdengmbj. fdj pjovhrgb mj srŲd.

hnd uzrj`d krŲbig prgkh Ajrkjzdiu bdsu mj orhih rhsvgtnigbd9

pjstjid kjeuąbjst mh ig kjŲmh rgċ j prjstji mbigbd`d mh

ig d jb prdphmhj ouąd Ppjngtj d mh eh ig bguk jrbj luŨohnhstrhŨbh Hedntrumh" Pvg d mh ig thoj. tjk krŲbijk. kh ojndoj

jb bijkg fdj jpsgmbut. bg kjŲg sg thoj nhoj jfihsbdtd

S h p h P t g a h b Q DD p r g t v j r dj i g ‒ s u m g b i g „ p j o j i b j k p h p d A j r k j z d i u u p r h v u

p j z j r d s b u p r g m s t h v u " N g Ũ u p r j ` g s u r h s p h m h b i h d s o j p h b i g dz e r j f h m h f d

PG BHţHJ м PVGMDţ]W SHŻBIG BH KWĎBJK KV]QHĎOJK PDBJMW <45" EJMDBG"



81 KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHMHQDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPOD POHBMHND

svd uŲhsd ojid su sg jmderhnd bh pjstlukbjk suĘgbiu phpd

Ajrkjzdiu bgemg u ihbuhru <45" ejmdbg. mgvgt kgsg`d. ohoj

rgojskj. pjsng bigejvje upjojigbih"

SjċdvŨgk phpd bdig sumgbj u jmsustvu" Bh Hedntrumdb

bhejvjr. Ajrk jzdig + dnd. fjnig rgąd. bigejv vgą bhpjnh

Shph Ptgahb QD D shs duŨhvh pjoj ibje phpu Ajrkjzd ih " Bh d nus t rh` d i d

ig p rgm s thv ni gb ngŨ b go hm hŨ b ige p j b t d ah u zb ht b j f j ni gk s thb iu

bgej Ũ tj i g u d s t d bu k jrhj f d t d + Aj rk jz d i gvj tg n j thmh i g vgą

k gsg` d k h pjċ d vh n j u e rjfu "

dstrungnd ngŨ. oj id ig igmvh ijŨ bgohoj mrŲhnh pjohibdċoh ojŨunih

jm ojstrgtd + dsojphb ig dz erjfbd`g. mh fd eh jmgbund u

phpsou jmgŲmu" Yhtdk ig ngŨ mjbgt bh mvjr. emg su eh spustdnd

bh prgstj" Ptgahb ig sgmgj jmkhl tu. mj trjbh. prgmsgmhvhiuąd

‒sumgbiu&. h uz bigeh d jsthng sumdig. dzhfrhbg dz rgmjvh

svgŨtgbstvh" H mh fd td jsthnd mrŲhnd igzdo zh zufdkh d rhmdnddsoniuċdvj jbj Ũtj dk ig rgċgbj. prdfgenj sg prgtbihkh d

zhstrhŨdvhbiu. thoj mh su shkj sumgbig prgsgmgnd pjtpubj

dsprgphmhbd" ]jk prdndojk pjbjvj su pjorgbutg jptuŲfg

ojig ig Ajrkjzdiu svjigvrgkgbj bhtjvhrdj phph Ijvhb QDDD"



KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHMHQ DBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOH BPOD POHBMHND 85

Q H ] D O H B P O D V G Ď B D OPDKJBDIH

Pdkjbdih. prjmhih dnd pnhąhbig zh `rovgbh zvhbih d pjnjŲhig.

dnd pho buĘgbig bjv`h zhrhm utd`hih bh dzfjr jmrgĘgbg

n dċbjstd bh bgou aubo`diu. skhtrhbh ig u `rovgbdk oruejvdkh

zh jzfdnihb prgstup" Bhzdv ig pjtgohj jm Pdkjbh Kheh.

pjzbhtje d ohj Pdkjb Qrhċ. ojid ig pjouŨhj mh pjmkdtd

Lrdstjvg uċgbdog Sgtrh d Ijvhbh" Gvj Ũth j tjkg pdŨg u

Bjvjk zhvgtu9

H ohm Pdkjb vdmg mh sg mjmdrjk hpjstjnsodl Ũhoh Pvgtd

mul prgbjsd. jb dk bjvhg buĘhŨg. ejvjrgąd 9 ‒Mhitg d kgbd

tu kjm. mh bh ojeh ejm Ũhog pjnjŲdk. d jb pr dk d Mulh

svgtjeh" „ Hnd ku Sgthr bh tj rgċg9 ‒Bjvhg ąg s tjfjk

d prjphstd. igr td pjkdsn d mh sg mhr FjŲid bjvggk kjŲg

prdfhvdtd" „

BGSJ]DYHK

Dzrhz bgpjtdzhk pjtdċg jm nhtdbsog rgċd bgpjs. Ũtj zbhċd

frhthbh`. sdbjvh`. sgstrdą. ddd ubuo. h jmbjsd sg bh

fnhejbhonjbjst ojiu su kbjeg phpg dsohzdvhng prgkh svjidk

rjĘh`dkh d prdihtgnidkh. d tj thoj Ũtj su jvd pjsthvnihbd bh

vdsjog pjnjŲhig ubuthr @rovg. bh muŲbjstd ojig. Ũtj pj svjidk

jsjfdbhkh. Ũtj pj sthrjsbji mjfd. bdpjŨtj bdsu zhsnuŲdvhnd"

Bgpjtdzhk ig. vgrjvhtbj. fdj bhiujfdċhigbdid kgmu tgŨodk

`rovgbdk prgorŨhidkh. bhrjċdtj u srgmbigk vgou" Sh dpho. zh jvhovu prhosu kjenj sg khntgbg dkhtd d rhzukgvhbih u

gpjld ohmh su phpg kjrhng mh rhċubhiu mh ąg sg sujċdtd sh

suphrbd`dkh d bgprdihtgnidkh? u bgpjsrgmbjk joruŲgbiu zhdsth

su dk fdnd pjtrgfbd niumd ojid su vgą mjohzhnd svjiu jmhbjst"

Ph Ajrkjzdigvje ngŨh sodbu th ig phpsoh

jmgŲmh. mh fd eh pjtjk jmgbund u

rulj jfdċbje svgtjvbihoh" J msgċg bhsu ku. prdtjk. trd prsth mgsbg ruog +

uprhvj jbh trd ojidkh sg snuŲdj mgngm

phpsog fnhejsnjvg"

H ċdstj mh sg bg sthbg bh tjkg. Ptgahb ig mjmhj d bgog

bjvg jptuŲfg. s bhkgrjk mh svdkh sthvd mj zbhbih ohoj ig

Ajrkjzdig. zhprhvj. fdj bgspjsjfhb zh jfhvnihbig phpsog

muŲbjstd" Ajrkjzdig ig fdj ordvjongtb do + tvrmdj ig Ptgahb +

bigejvj srgg fdnj ig dspubigbj Ųumbijk zh phpsojk kjąd. h d

prgorŨdj ig `rovgbg zhojbg"

MVHKH BH KV]QHĎOJK PDBJMWPtgahb sg prgm sumjk pjbhŨhj bgsvhodmhŨbig" PvgŨtgbstvj

d jsthnd joupnigbd u sumbd`d kjrhnd su mh snuŨhiu bigejvg

khlb dtg ejvjrhb`dig u ojidkh ig Ptgahb dzvrehvhj

ruenu pjojibje phpu d bh bigejv rhċub upumvhj

bhiruŲbdig uvrgmg" Ajrkjzdiu ig. p rdtjk. fdnj jmjfrgbjprhvj bh jmfrhbu. hnd u vdmu zhstupbdŨtvh igmbje

jshkbhgstje jmdŨbige Ęhojbh" Bgsrgąbd k nhmdą trgfhnj

Ajrk jzdig ig shl rhbigb pjtdjvj.

jvjeh puth bh jfdċbjk erjfniu"

Ohj d shkj vhĘgbig dz rgog. d shlrhbh

ig jfhvnigbh u thib jstd "

ig mh jmejvhrh u A jrk jzdigvj dkg. hnd f dj ig prgvdŨg

prgstrhvnigb shkdk bhstupjk rhzejrjphĘgbje Ptgahbh. ojid

ig bgprgsthb j urnhj. thoj mh su snhfhŨbd jmejvjrd ojig fd

prjkrknihj sgfd u frċdąg fdnd svg Ũtj ig thi ihmbdċho uspgj

tje mhbh mh dzejvjrd"

D. bgdzfgŲbj. bh orhiu suĘgbih. ojig ąg bhobhmbj. d s

vhnihbdk rhznjzdkh. fdtd bhzvhbj Krtvhċod sdbjm. Ajrkjzdig

ig prjenhŨgb ordv dk pj svdk thċohkh jptuŲbd`g" Ohzbh

ig dzvrŨgbh f gz jmnhehbih " Ptgahb ig jfzbhbdj mh sg dstjehċhsh svd Ajrkjzdigvd mgorgtd d ruojpjnjŲgbih prjenhŨhvhiu

bdŨthvbdk" Sj Ptgahbjvji zhpjvgstd. sh Ajrkjzdigvje

ngŨh sodbuth ig phpsoh jmgŲmh. mh fd eh pjtjk jmgbund u

rulj jfdċbje svgtjvbihoh" Jmsgond su. prdtjk. trd prsth s

Ajrkjzdigvg mgsbg ruog. uprhvj jbg prstg ojidkh sg snuŲdj

mjo ig mgndj phpsog fnhejsnjvg" Jmsgċgbd prstd + dnd. prg ąg

fdtd. jbj Ũtj ig jm bidl jsthnj pjsng mgvgtjkg sgċbje trunigbih

u erjfu + uruċgb d su Hedntrumd. ojih ig `gj thi mjehĘhi prhtdnh

s bgsordvgbdk zhmjvjnistvjk" Shph Ptgahb ig. bhpjsngtou.

bhrgmdj mh sg Ajrkjzdig pjbjvj shlrhbd. hnd jvjeh puth u

jfdċbu erjfbd`u" ]j ig jfhvnigbj. h pjtjk sg mgsdnj bgŨtj

udstdbu igzdvj" Srvj su dsojphnd Ajrkjzdigv ngŨ. jbmh su eh

vuond orjz und`g Vdkh. mh fd eh bh orhiu. prdohmvŨd bh bigeh

tgejvg. fh`dnd u ]dfhr"

Kbjed prdphmbd`d svgŨtgbstvh mufjoj su pjŨtjvhnd

Ajrkjzdih. h fdj ig jkdnigb d kgmu rdksodk Ųdvnigk. ph

ig thoj <48" ejmdbg. ujm bige jvje dzfjrh. dzfdnh pjfubh

bigejvdl prdsthnd`h. zhfrdbutdl zfje kjeuąbjstd mh

phpsod trjb zhuzkg bgoj mrued" Bdig. stjeh. bgmjsthihnj

mjfrjvjnih`h bd ohmh ig igmhb kjbhl ojid ig. uprojs svgku.

jsthj vgrhb sgąhbiu bh pjmvŨge phpu zhtrhŲdj jm erupg

rdfhrh mh ku pjkjebu mh dzvhmd dz rgog vgą dzkr`vhrgbg



8< KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNH MHQDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPO D POHBMHND

zgkbg jsthtog Ajrkjzdigvg" Ajrkjzdig ig

ohsbdig pjbjvj shlrhbigb . jvjeh puth

bh jfdċbjk erjfniu" Ohj d shkj

vhĘgbig dz rgog. d shlrhbh ig

jmrŲhbh u pjtpubji thibjstd"

Mh su Ajrkjzdigvd bgp rdihtgnid

+ h pjsgfbj phph Ptgahb

d vjivjtodbih Hedntrumh

+ shzbhnd Ũth sg mgsdnj.

vgrjvhtbj fd ngŨ upjojigbje

phpg pjbjvj erufj

jsovrbund"

Krtvhċod sdbjm. pjzbht

d pj nhtdbsojk bhzdvu

Pybjmus Ljrrgbmh. dzhzvhj

ig jpŨtu pjvdou d ebgv u Vdku"

Bh suigvgrbd bhrjmbd uk b hrjċdtj

sbhŲhb utdsho jsthvdnj ig uruŨhvhbig

Fhzdndog svgtje Ijvhbh. ojih ig phnh uz

zhenuŨuiuąu tutbihvu uprhvj u ċhsu ohm su sg phph

Ptgahb d Hedntrumh pjihvdnd bh vrhtdkh @rovg svgtje Ijvhbh

Nhtgrhbsoje pj zhvrŨgtou ‒sumgbih&" @dbigb d`h mh ig Fhzdndoh

SjŨtj su ku jmuzgtd rhsojŨbh phpsoh

jmgŲmh d svh zbhkgbih. fhċgb ig u

zhtvjr. emg ig umhvnigb"

]gjmjr D D i g ohj phph s tj njvhj svgeh mvhmgsgt

mhbh. h n d d tj ig f d nj mjvj n ibj mh so dbg D iheu

s d k gbh b i gejvje . tj n doj bhk uċgbje .

prg tljmb d oh Aj rk jz d i h"

sg ‒mvjrsoh rgvjnu`dih&. dPtgahb QDD ig svrebut" SjŨtj

su ku jmuzgtd rhsojŨbh

phpsoh jmgŲmh d zbhkgbih.

fhċgb ig u zhtvjr. emg ig

umhvnigb" ]j. u svhojk

snuċhiu. bdig fdj orhi gpjlg

u ojiji su phpg ohj niumd d

phpstvj ohj dbstdtu`dih fdnd u

bgkdnjstd" Ohj prvj. Hedntrumh

ig ijŨ fdnh prdsutbh. h emg ejm jbh

fdnh. kjrhnj ig mh prjondih d sgkg

bgvjnig" Hedntrumh sg. bhdkg. sdnbj

rhzfgsbgnh ohm ig ċunh mh ig bigb Ũtdągbdo.

phph Ptgahb. u fdigb. ph sg frŲg+fj nig uprgenh mh

jfbjvd utd`hi ojid ig bigejvdk jmnhsojk dzeufdnh" Bdig iji

sg. kgmutdk. pjsrgądnj s bjvdk phpjk. Vjkhbjk. ojid

ig bh phpsod pr gstj sgj <4 5" ejmdbg. mh fd bh bigku jsthj

svgeh trd kgsg`h" Vjkhbh ig. dzengmh. sh prgstjnh sv" Sgtrh

sodbunh igmbh jm arho`dih bh phpsojk mvjru. bgprdihtgnisod

rhspjnjŲgbh prgkh vjivjtodbid Hedntrumd d ouąd Ppjngtj"

Sjsng tjeh bgsrgąbd fdvŨd phph ‒jtdŨhj ig u kjbhlg&. ohojvgnd guagkdzhk mjfrj pjzbht u Gvrjpd rhbje srgmbige vgoh.

Ũtj ąg rgąd mh ig fdj + uonjbigb"

svgtje Ijvhbh jmhvbj vgą fdnh jfgngŲgbh ohj bgfgzfgmbh

zh prjst puo bdig fdnh u tji kgrd ufgmnidvh ohj Ũtj ig tj

fdnh pjkdshj mh ig phm tg erhmgvdbg jċgvdmhb zbho FjŲige

bgzhmjvjnistvh" Bdig kbjej vrgkgbh prjŨnj h pjċgng su mh

sg Ũdrg enhsdbg mh ngŨ phpg Ajrkjzdih ‒dzvjmd `umh„. h tj sg

svjistvj dbhċg prdpdsuig igmdbj svg`dkh"

JpŨtg ehmgbig zfje tje mdvnihċoje suĘgbih. ohj d erjzjtgojig su sg pjsng tjeh jmderhng. ufgmdng su kbjeg svgŨtgbdog

mh. uojndoj ujpŨtg pjstjid ċjvgo ojid ig pjtpubj bgspjsjfhb

mh fumg phph. jbmh tj kjrh fdtd uprhvj Ptgahb QDD" Fdnj ig.

dstdbh. d bgŨtj ndċbje dbtgrgsh u thnhsu bgejmjvhbih ojig ig

dzhzvhj Krtvhċod sdbjm" Kbjedk prdphmbd`dkh svgŨtgbstvh

ojig ig Ajrkjzdig ruojpjnjŲdj fdng su jmuzgtg svg prdvdngedig

ohmh ig Ptgahb pjb dŨtdj mgorgtg d jmnuog pjojibje phpg"

SHSH P]GAHB DMG OJM PQJE ]QJV@H

Bgprdihtgnisoh jsgąhbih ufrzj su prgtjċgbh u mgnh" Hveusth<45" ejmdbg. jshk kgsg`d pjsng Krtvhċoje sdbjmh. jmderhnh

VGLHFDND]H@DIH SHSG AJVKJYDIHVjkhbjv bhsngmbdo. phph ]gjmjr DD. fdj ig ijŨ ejrg srgąg.

hnd ig fhrgk bh pjnjŲhiu jsthj mjvjnibj muej mh uċdbd

Pgredig ig""" bhnjŲdj mh sg

Ajrkjzdigvjk ngŨu jmrufd enhvh.h d mh ku sg dsgou ijŨ trd prsth sh shog.

prg bgej Ũtj ig tgnj pjojibje phpg

pjbjvj zhvrŨdnj u ]dfru"

bgŨtj zh tjndoj jspjrhvhbje Ajrkjzdih" ]gjmjr ig bhrgmdj

mh sg zgkbd jsth`d pjċdvŨge phpg pjbjvj shlrhbg. d tj u

jmejvhrhiuąji. pjbtdasoji jmjrd. d uzh svg pjċhstd. u @rovd

svgtje Sgtrh u Vdku" ]gjmjr DD ig. thojmg. pjbdŨtdj sumsogjmnuog mjbgtg bh tzv" Krtvhċojk sdbjmu" Bh vgndoj



KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHMH QDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPOD POHBMHND 84

SH SH PGVEDIG D D D 9 BH IJ SH ODI D KGēW NIW MDKH

Pgredih DDD bgoj ig svjigvrgkgbj jpdshj ohj ċjvgoh ojid

ċdbd ‒fgsorhibg ehmjstd u mruŨtvu nhodl Ųgbh„. ohj ‒rjfhsvhoje kjeuąge pjrjoh&. hnd d ohj ‒bhijphodige kgĘu

Diumdkh&" Bigejv Ųdvjt. ohoj prdvhtbd. thoj d ihvbd. ohj

pjenhvhrh Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg. zhprhvj ig igmbh mueh

prdpjvgst pubh sohbmhnh d mgohmgb`dig. prd ċgku sg

pjuzmhbj zbh mh ig Pgredig sthihj dzh ufdstvh igmbje.

h kjeuąg d mvjid`g phph" Pgredig ig. pj svgku sumgąd.

bhrgmdj ufdstvh phpg Nhvh Q d hbtdphpg Lrdstdajrh. ojid

su 43=" ejmdbg umhvnigbd u zhtvjru" SjŨtj ig zhvrŨdj

s bidkh mvjid`jk. prgm Pgredigk sg uohzhj jtvjrgb

put oh prgstjnu svgtje Sgtrh" ]rd ejmdbg ohsbdig. phphPgredig DDD bhŨhj ig niufhvbd`u. Khrjzdiu. ojiu ku ig.

zhprhvj. ..pjmhrdnh„ mgvj iċdbh kh td ]gj mjrh ohm ig

Khrjzdid fdnj shkj 87 ngth" Pgredig ig fdj 03 ejmdbhsthrdid jm Khrjzdig. hnd ċdbd sg mh ig pjŲumh ojiu ig

prgkh biji jsgąhj pjtrhihnh pubdl mgvgt ejmdbh.

jm jbjeh ċhsh ohm su sg upjzbhnd bh znjenhsbjk

Krtvhċojk sdbjmu <45" ejmdbg" Srgkmh ijŨ shsvdk

knhmh. Khrjzdih ig jċdtj fdnh dzrhzdtj prdvnhċbh" Dhoj

sdeurbj bdig fdnh igmdbh Pgredigvh bhnjŲbd`h. jb ig bdohmh

bdig zhfjrhvdj" Pgredig d Khrjzdih mjfdnd su sdbh. ojid

ig ohsbd ig pj sthj phph Ijv hb \D. d zhlvhniu iuąd tjkg

Pgredig ig jsthj uphkągb ohj igmdbd phph ċdid ig d sdb

fdj phph" Ptj sg Khrjzdig tdċg. bigbh ċgtvjrjejmdŨbihvgzh s phpjk Pgredigk. ojid ig prgkdbuj 488" ejmdbg.

jċdengmbj ig u biji

prjfumdnh bgutjnidvu

enhm zh phpsojk

kjmd. ph ig u dstjrdid

uphkągbh ohj Ųgbh

ojih ig pjsthvnihnh

phpg"

Ord t d ċhr dkh mg nh

bhisohbmhnjzb d i d l

phph pjbgsth ih nj f d

pjermb dl d z rhzh ohm

fd pjŲgngn d mh jpdŨu

Pgred ih DD D d bigejv

mgohmgb thb bhċ db

Ų dvjth "




jnhoŨhbig svgŨtgbstvh ojig ig Ptgahb QDD rhzfhŨtdbdj. ]gjmjr

dk ig vrhtdj zvhbih d pjvnhstd`g ojig su svjigvrgkgbj

mjfdnd jm phpg Ajrkjzdih" Kjehj sg u tjk trgbutou stgąd

Bgmuej zhtdk. Ajrkjzdigvj jfgzenhvnigbj tgnj pjbjvj ig dzrjbdnj

dz ]dfrh. jvjeh puth thoj Ũtj sg

zhpgtnihnj u hnhsou krgŲu"

utdsho mh sg Krtvhċod sdbjm. u stvhrd. bdohmh bdig jmderhj d

mh sukhbutd phph Ptgahb bdohmh bdig bd pjstjihj" ]gjmjr

ndċbj. bhŲhnjst. jm svdl tdl bhpjrh bdig dkhj bdohovg vhimg"Shpsou muŲbjst jfhvnihj ig svgeh 63 mhbh ,fdnj ig tj u

bjvgkfru <45" ejmdbg$. pjsng ċgeh ig. pjm thihbstvgbdk

jojnbjstdkh. prgkdbuj" Bhrgmbg ejmdbg pho. ]gjmjrjv

bhsngmbdo. phph Ijvhb D\. zhfrhbdj ig sumgbih pjojibd`dkh"

Mgsgt ejmdbh ohsbdig. Pgredig DDD. ojid ig zh phpu dzhfrhb

43=" ejmdbg. pjbjvj ig dsojphj ngŨ phpg Ajrkjzdih d jpgt

ku sumdj" W vrgkg ohm ig jmrŲhb Krtvhċod sdbjm ,<45"

ejmdbg$. Pgredig ig fdj ohrmdbhn. d kbjej sg bhniutdj ohm

ig pj bdŨtgbh prgsumh ojijk ig tuŲgbd prjenhŨgb ordv dk"

SrguzgvŨd vnhst u Qhtdohbu. pjbjvj ig prgdbhċdj prgsumu. dmjmhj ijŨ pjojiu. shkj bigku svjistvgbu. erjzjtu prdmg"

Sj bigejvjk bhnjeu Ajrkjzdigv ngŨ ig jfgzenhvnigb. h jbmh

su ku jmsgċgbh ijŨ trd prsth. mh fd eh bhpjsngtou pjbjvj

fh`dnd u ]dfhr" W Ųgnid mh svdkh jfihsbd Ũth ig svdk tdk Ųgngj

mh pjruċd. Pgredig ig bhrgmdj mh sg bh erjfu Ptgahbh QDD

uongŨg gpdtha u lvhnjspgvbdk tjbjvdkh"

Bgmuej zhtdk. Ajrkjzdigvj jfgzenhvnigbj tgnj pjbjvj

ig dzr jbdnj dz ]dfrh . jvjeh puth thoj Ũtj sg zhpg tnih nj

u hnhsou krgŲu" SjŨtj ig d mrued put dzvhmgb dz ]dfrh.

Ajrkjzdig sg pjbjvj ‒vrhtdj& u @rovu sv" Sgtrh" Pgredig ig.

bhrhvbj. u kgmuvrgkgbu pjbdŨtdj mgorgt Ijvhbh D\ ojid sg

jmbjsdj bh zhfrhbu pjstlukbdl suĘgbih" Wprojs svgku.

jpŨtg uvgrgbig mh ig Ajrkjzdig fdj bgvdb mjprdbgnj ig mh jb

d bigejvj Ųdvjtbj mgnj ojbhċbj fumu rglhfdndtjvhbd"

Hedntrumh. zhċgtbd`h dmgig j jmrŲhvhbiu Krtvhċoje

sdbjmh. ijŨ ig fdnh u Ųdvjtu ohmh su Ajrkjzdigvd zgkbd

jsth`d jsovrbutd mrued put. s tdk Ũtj su sg pjtpubj dzkgbdad

pjnjŲhi d kją ojig ig u tjk ċhsu dkhnh u jmbjsu bh vrgkg

ohmh ig. zhlvhniuiuąd bgpjbjvnidvdk numjstdkh Ptgahbh QDD.

jmbgnh biji thoj mrhej`gbu pjfgmu bhm krtvdk phpjk

<41" ejmdbg" Dkhnh ig. kgmutdk. d Hedntrumh svjidl snhfdl

thċhoh" Bigbh kją. kh ohoj bgzhbgkhrnidvh fdnh. u suŨtdbd

ig fdnh pjsrgmbh. dz mrueg ruog. fumuąd mh ig pjċdvhnh bh

pjsnuŨbjstd khrdjbgth ohj Ũtj ig fdj. rg`dkj. phph Ptgahb.

ojidk ig kjenh mh khbdpu ndŨg ohoj iji vjnih d ojid fd sohohj

bh svhod bigb kde" ]hojmg vhŲbg u Hedntrumdbjk hrsgbhnu

fdng su d bgog pj rjmdċb g vgzg ojig su iji jfgzfgmdvhng vdsjod

sthtus ojid ig uŲdvhnh. h svg. gtj. zhlvhniuiuąd ċdbigbd`d mh ij i ig kuŲ fdj Ed jm Ppjng th. s o jidk ig rjmdnh Nhkfgrth"

D>hm ig Ed ukrj 86" mg`gk frh < 4=. Hedntrumh ig dstjeh ċhsh

dzeufdnh zvhbig vjivjtodbig jm Ppjngth d Ohkgrdbh. orhnid`g

Dthndig d `hrd`g. ti" vnhmhrog Pvgtje rdksoje `hrstvh" IjŨ sg.

dstdbh. kjenj dzvuąd bgŨtj pjċhstd dz Nhkfgrtjvje uspjbh

mj svdl bhvgmgbdl zvhbih. hnd jb ig uk rj prg svjig khiog

,<4<$. ċdkg ig prgsgċgbh d pjsngmbih Hedntrumdbh pjrjmdċbh

vgzh s bgpjsrgmbjk vnhŨąu"

Phkh Hedntrumh ukrnh ig 460" ejmdbg. h prg tjeh pjihvdng

su sg ijŨ mvg Ųgbg ojig su prjbhŨng thibg putgvg mj phpsogkjąd u Vdku" Fdng su tj ]gjmjrh d bigbh oąd Khrjzdih. jfg.

Kbjeg phpg su bh prgstjnu svgtje

Sgtrh pjsgmgng shkj ejmdbu mhbh.

ph d orhąg. h frzj skgbidvhbig sngmdng

su d bhsdnbg skrtd pjbtdah. jmrhz

bgprgodmbg fjrfg zh vnhst"

dbhċg. phpsog bhnjŲbd`g" ]gjmjrh ig jsthnh uphkągbh ohj

‒fgstdmbh mrjnih&. h bigbg mvg oągrog. sthrdih Khrjzdih d

knhmh. khiċdbh dkgbihodbih ]gjmjrh. fdng su bh enhsu ohj

..bg fjezbh ohoj fjnig""" jm khiog dk&"

Bd khioh ]gjmjrh bd Khrjzdih bdsu zhusthvdng frzj

skgbidvhbig phph. ojig ig pjsthnj ujfdċhigbh prhosh joj

Pvgtg stjnd`g" Bidl mvg su. ŨthvdŨg. pjstjigąg sthbig shkj

mjmhtbj pjejrŨhng" Srvg ejmdbg \ vgoh prjŨng su u zbhou

orhtodl p jbtdadohth jm pj e jmdbu mhbh. ph d orhądl. hnd d

bhsdnbdl skrtd phph ohj jmrhz bgprgsthbg fjrfg zh vnhst"

Fdnj ig d jbdl ojid su uspgvhnd mh prgŲdvg ejmdbu+mvg. h

rgtod su u tjk pgrdjmu prgtgond muŲg" Shpg su sg zhdsth

skgbidvhng thoj frzj mh su phpsog snueg ngpj zhrhmdvhng

prjmhiuąd ndċbu svjidbu d bhk gŨthi pjbtdah ojid su jmnhzdnd sh

prgstjnh"

Sjr t rg t K hrjz d i g . ‒fgs t d mbg m rj n i g „ o j i h sg zhlvh n i u i uą d sp n g tohk h

mjċgphnh v nhst d u V dku u \ vgou. mh f d pj rhzuzmhbjst d d pjrjċbji

bhrhv d js th nh uphkągbh ohj rhvbh phpd Pgre d iu D D D . d bhċg b igbjk

n i ufhvb d ou "




J P ] V Q J M G O H M G B @ D I G

Qgądbh ejstdiu u Khrjzdidbji rgzdmgb`did bh jstrvu

bh rg`d ]dfhr ,Dzjnh ]dfgrdbh$ u Vdku fdnd su knhmdhrdstjorhtd d rhzbh svgŨtgbh nd`h. kgmu ojidkh d fdsoupd

ojid su bhċdbjk Ųdvjth mrhstdċbj jmstuphnd jm hsogtsoje

lrdŨąhbsoje dmghnh" Dzuzgv sgosh. ojige ig fdnj u dzjfdniu.

jvd kuŨohr`d fdnd su oumdohkj zhdbtgrgsjvhbdid zh njv bh

mdvnig svdbig d zh sjojnhrstvj + ujf dċhigb g vdmjvg zhfhvg

prdphmbdoh vdŨdl sthngŲh u srgmbigk vgou + d thoj sg

Ijvhb \D . jvmg pr d ohzhb s khiojk Khrjz d ijk bh jstrvu bh

]dfru. dkhj ig shkj 68 e jm dbu ohm h ku ig jbh. 408" ejm dbg.

d zmg is tvjvh nh mh fumg pj sthv n igb zh phpu"

bgrgtoj mgŨhvhnj mh zh vrgkg kdsg d mruedl `rovgbdl

snuŲfd bgstrpnidvj `upohiu s khkuzhkh bh bjehkh dfjmgŲdkh zhthobutdk zh pjihs" Dsprgm fjejkjnig ċgohnd

su dl jsgmnhbd ojbid. d ċdk fd sg kdsh zhvrŨdnh. ihlhċd fd

jmigzmdnd u pjpjmb gvbd njv"

]d niumd stvhrbj su Ųdvgnd bh vdsjoji bjzd" Ouąg su

dk fdng pjsngmbih rgċ rhsojŨd d nuosuzh. s bhiadbdidk

uorhsdkh d bhisoupnidk zhvgshkh jm soupj`gbg

ohmdag" W tjk mulu jpŨtg mgohmgb`dig + d. bhrhvbj.

joruŲgbh mgohmgbtbdk svgtjk + Khrjzdih ig prjvjmdnh

bhiuejmbdig trgbutog"




QNHMHQDBH FNWMBD@HPdtbg orhĘg fdng su puoh sdtbd`h u pjrgĘgbiu s ojrup`dijk.

rhsohnhŨigk d jpŨtjk dsovhrgbjŨąu ojid su vnhmhnd u tjk

pgrdjmu. pjzbhtjk d ohj mjfh ‒phpsog pjrbjorhtdig&. ti"

‒vnhmhvdbg fnumbd`h&" ]hoj su jvu gru. d tj bg fgz rhznjeh.

bhzvhnd jbd ojid su fdnd `vrstj uvgrgbd mh ig phpsoh kjmprgŨnh u ruog ourvd" Bhndo khrdjbgthkh ojig su derhng

dsoniuċdvj jbhoj ohoj ig. s kbje j Ųhrh. svdrhnh Hedntrumh.

phpg dz gpjlg pjrbjo rhtdig prdnigŲ bj su umgstvjvhng

u jpŨtji mgohmgb`did d bgkjrhnu ojid su jmndojvhnd tj

fgsrhkbj + d. uigmbj. srhkb j + mjfh"

Njkfhrmdisod dstjrdmhr dz \ vgoh. orgkjbsod fdsoup

Ndutprhbm. fdj ig Ųgstjod prjtdvbdo zvhbd`bje Vdkh d usthbjvg

phpstvh" H dpho vdsg jm puoje zrb`h dstdbg prjbhnhzdkj u

jvjk bigejvjk zhpdsu. prguzgtjk dz mgnh Hbthpjmjsds

,Jmkhzmh$. dstjrdig phpstvh jm <<1" mj 473" ejmdbg9

Wnjv su dŨnd bh ojbidkh sh znhtbdk hkjvdkh. h pjs ng njvh ejstdnd su sg bh rhsojŨbdk fhbogtdkh. svg s pngshċd`hk h. mh fd sg pjtjk sh ,svjidk$ ourvhkh p jvnh ċdnd u pjstgnig.

prgordvgbg svdngbdk ċhrŨhvdkh. pjm z nhtjk dzvgzgbdk pjordvhċdkh" Pvd rdksod fdsoupd fdnd su jŲgbigbd niumd. h

bidljvg Ųgbg tohng su svdngbg lhnidbg j m svgtdl jmgŲmd"

Khrjzdih sg sorhsdnh bh jstrvu usrgm

rgog ]dfhr + Dzjnh ]dfgrdbh kgstu

emg sg. igmbjsthvbj. zh sorjk bjst d

kjrhdbjst bdig zbhnj"

Fdsoup Ndutprhbm jzbh`dj ig ]gjmjru d Khrjzdiu ohj ..mvg

pjljtnidvg Ųgbg sonjbg `hrsojk sihiu ,ojig su$""" vnhmhng

phphkh mgsgtje vgoh&" ]gjmjrh ig. pjmvuohj ig Ndutprhbm.

fdnh igmbh ‒fgstdmbh mrjnih""" ,ojih ig$ igmbj vrgkg""" shkh

vnhmhnh Vdkjk d + kh ojndoj stdmbj fdnj d bhp dshtd tg rg`d

+ vnhst vrŨdnh ohj mh ig kuŨoj&" Mrueh ] gjmjrdbh o`groh.

thojmg ]gjmjrh. bdig ukhonh jŨtrjk Ndutprhbmjvjk pgru.

pjŨtj su jbh d bigbh sgstrh ‒kjeng d mh bhmkhŨg ,svjiu

khiou$ u vgŲfhkh thoj kdndk Qgbgrd&" Erufj ig tj fdnj

prgkh ]gjmjrd o`grod. igr jbh ig. pj svgku sumg`d. vjmdnh

fgzergŨhb Ųdvjt pjsvg`gb mjfrdk mgndkh. hnd kjrh sg rg`d mh

ig Ndutprhbm fdj oumdohkj fndŲd dstdb d ohm ig rgm j Khrjzdid "

Ybh sg. hoj bdŨth mruej. mh ig Khrjzdih bhirhmdig prgfdvhnh

bh strvu usrgm rgog ]dfhr + Dzjnh ]dfg rdbh + kgstu emg sg.

igmbjsthvbj. zh sorjkbjst d k jrhdb jst bd ig zbhnj"

SdŨuąd j khi d ]gjmjrd. Ndutprhbm ig ds`rpb j jpdshj ohoj

] G J M J V D B G S H S G

]gjmjrh ig vg` fdnh dzvgrzdrhbh u pjsthvnihbiu phph u

vrgkg ohmh ig dzmgistvjvhnh uspjb Ijvhbh \ bh prgstj

svgtje Sgtrh 48=" ejmdbg" Sjsgfbj su iji mrheg fdng phpg

fnheg bhrhvd ojig ig kjenh mh vrtd joj khnje prsth. h

thohv ig. rg`dkj. fdj Fgbgmdot DQ. ojid ig vnhmhj jm 433"

mj 430" ejmdbg d bdohmh sg bd zfje `geh bdig usprjtdvdj

bigbji vjnid" P mrueg strhbg. kgmutdk. ]gjmjrh ig fdnh

bhonjbigbh svhojihodk fdthbehkh d rhzvrhtbd`dkh" Igmhb

jm thovdl fdj ig Nhbmj D. ojid ig muŲbjst phpg jfhvnihj

shkj sgmhk kgsg`d u pgrdjmu 48 0+ 48 =" ejmdbg" Khnj

sg zbh j Nhbmu. h jbj Ũtj ig pjzbhtj vdsg ig bgej

jbgspjojihvhiu`g" Nhbmj ig. bhdkg. prjphj ohj ijŨ vrnj

knhm `jvgo. d tj zhtj Ũtj ig prgvdsg vrgkgbh prjvjmdj

u mruŨtvu ‒rhsohnhŨbdl Ųgbh„. mh fd + sumg`d pj zhpdsu

igmbje srgmbijvgojvbje lrjbd`hrh + ‒bhpjsngtou

shejrgj&? tj ig . bhrhvbj. fdj pdŨągv Ũdarjvhbd dzrhz zh

usum igmbje ergŨbdoh ojeh ig stdenh ohzbh jmjzej"

Shph Ijvhb \ f d j i g n i ufhvb d o K hrjz d i d bg k h i og ]gjmj rg "

Jbh eh ig pjsthv d nh zh phpu 48=" ejm dbg. h n d sg Ijvhb

pjohzhj ohj bgzhlvh n hb ċjvgo 9 js thv d j i g ]gjmj ru d j t d Ũhj

s k n h Ę j k Ų g b j k "



6= KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHMHQDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPOD POHBMHND

ig zhvgnh igmbje bhjċdtje knhmje svgŨtgbdoh. ojkg i g pjtjk

prdfhvdnh zvhbih fjnjbisoje fdsouph d rhvgbsoje bhmfdsouph"

Dkh. kgmutdk. bhzbhoh mh ig ]gj mjrh ohsbdig zhŲhndnh zfje

svjig vgndojmuŨbjstd" Knhmhbd niufhvbdo ufrzj ig pjċgj mh iji

bgmjsthig. d jbh eh ig. ohoj fd sg bigb ‒bjąbd mruŲfgbdo& jpgt

uebgzmdj pjrgm big. pjzvhnh u Vdk" Ejmdbg 48=" pjsthvdnh eh

ig zh phpu + Ijvhbh \" Qg rjv htbj ig jb fdj jth` ]g jm jrdbg

knhmg oągrog"

SHSDBPOD EVGPDShpd Ijvhbu. pj svgku sumgąd. pjrbjorhtsod gtjs bh ojid

ig bhdŨhj u Vdku bdig fdj bdk hnj strhb" Ijvhb ig fdj vgst

vjibd zhpjvgmbdo ojid sg dsthohj ohj pjfgmbdo u fdtohkh

prjtdv kusndkhbh Phrh`gbh" Hnd mh ig ergŨdj + ergŨdj ig. d tj

bgpjprhvnidvj? zh bigejvje pjb tdadohth `vgthj ig bgpjtdzhk.

`gnh bigejvh ahkdndih sdnbj sg jfjehtdnh. h jb shk pjohzhj sg

ohj pjtpubj bgprdb`dpdignhb ċjvgo" Bd ]gjmjrd ċho bdig fdj

zhlvhnhb Ũtj ku ig pjkjenh mh sg uzmdebg mj bhivdŨge zvhbih

u `rovgbji ldigrhrldid? bhpustdj iu ig zhengmhvŨd sg u niupou

knhmu oągrou Deh jm Srjvhbsg. pjtjbige orhnih Dthndig"

Ohj d Hedntrumh. d Khrjzdih ig fdnh

vjĘgbh sngpjk k rŲbij k. d dstj ig

thoj. fgz tru bog ohihb ih. Ųumgnh zh

jmkhzmjk d vnhŨąu pj svhou `gbu"

ohj uzjr" Ohj d Hedntrumh. d Khrjzdih ig fdnh vjmgbh dstjk

sngpjk krŲbijk. d dstj ig thoj. fgz trubog ohihbih. Ųumgnh zh

jmkhzmjk d vnhŨąu pj svhou `gbu" H ohj d tjndod mrued niumd

sonjbd jsvgtd. d Khrjzdih ig dkhnh muej d mjfrj phkągbig. thoj

mh sg Ųdvj sgąhnh svdl bgprhvmd ojig su iji bhbgtg"

Khrjzdidbh zgm zh jsvgtjk rhzfuothnh sg pjsng pjedfdig

bigbje prvje kuŲh. erjah Hnfgrdoh jm Njkfhrmdig. zh ojeh

sg umhnh 434" ejmdbg" Hnfgrdoh su bgvjnig prhtdng oum ejm

]gjmj rdbji o ągrod Khrjzdid bdig. kgmutdk. fdnj pj vjnid

ohm ig Ijvhb \ dzhfrhb zh phpu ,fjnig rgąd. ohm ig bigejvj

dkgbjvhbig zh phpu dzmgistvjvhbj$. d ċvrstj ig rgŨdnh mh

jsuigtd d bigeh d svjiu khiou dsturdvŨd sjpstvgbje ohbmdmhth9

igm bje mrueje Ijvhbh. svje sdbh dz vhbfrhċbg vgzg s phpjk

Pgredigk DDD. rjmgbje joj 483" ejmdbg" Ohm ig Ijvhb \ p jsthj

phph. Khrjzdidb sdb dkhj ig tgo bgemg joj ċgtdrd ejmdbg. d fdj

ig. rhzuknidvj. prgknhm zh zvhb ig pjbtd ah. ċho d pj thmhŨb idk.rhbjsrgmbijvgojvbdk hrŨdbdkh. ohm bdig fdnj bdohovj ċumj

mh bgod pufgrtgtndih zhuzkg prgstj svgtje Sgtrh"

Khrjzdid ig. u svhojk snuċhiu. jsthnj khohr mjvjnibj

vrgkgbh mh bhtgbhbg ouig pnhbjvg" Dkhnh ig svjigvrgkgbj

prdndog mh pjskhtrh vjivjtodbiu Hedntrumu bh mgnu. u vrgkg

Krtvhċoje sdbjmh. h d ohsbdig iji ig uprhvj Hedntrumh snuŲdnh

K us n d k hb d Ph rh`gb d . sk r tb d b gp r d i h tg ni d l r d Ũą hbsog Gv rjpg .

pr dohzhbd su jvmg ohoj sg d sor`hvh iu bh jfh nu P d` d n d i g . oj iu su

d jsvj i d n d <65" ejm dbg" Shph Ijvhb \ s thj ig bh ċg nj lr d Ũąhbsog vj isog oj ih ig orgbu nh bh iue mh j tgrh zhvj igvhċg"




mh ig orgbuj. h vhspdthvhb ig u pjrjmd`d d tg ohoj vdċbji

krhċbdk vgŨtdbhkh dbtrdeg. ufdstvh. prgniufg. trejvdbg

`rovgbdk snuŲfhkh d khntgbg svdk jsth ndk prnihvŨtdbhkh

ohrhotgrdstdċbdk zh jpŨtu mgohmgb`diu" Njkfhrmdisod erjajvd

su. sgk tjeh. fdnd dsousbd d ukgŨbd u pjsthvnihbiu phph. fumuąd

mh su ċho sgmhk ċnhbjvh svjig ahkdndig pjsthvdnd bh prgstjsvgtje Sgtrh pjŨtj su prguzgnd prgvnhst bhm phpsodk dzfjrdkh"

Khrjzdih. ojiji bd shkji bdsu fdng strhbg rhzbg

znjupjtrgfg. ufrzj ig prgpjzbhnh kuŲgvnigv pjtgb`dihn. ohj

d hkfd`diu ojih ig prjdstgonh dz shkje bigejvje vhspdthbih"

Sjċgnh ig. stjeh. mh eh luŨoh bh phpu Ijvhbh \ d bhejvhrh

mh orgbg u khrŨ bh Vdk s orhibidk `dnigk mh zhrjfd

pjbtdah d uprhzbd Pvgtu stjnd`u" Jvjeh puth. kgĘutdk.

Khrjzdih ig pjergŨdnh u prj`gbd" Ijvhb \ bdig fdj kjbgth zhpjtousurdvhbig ohj tjndog mrueg phpg khrdjbgtg u rhzmjfniu

‒vnhmhvdbg fnumbd`h„ vgą dsousbd d prjvgrgbd vjibd zhpjvgmbdo.




zhsnuŲhb zh igmbu zbhċhibu pjfgmu bh fj ibjk pjniu"

Ijvhb ig. bhdkg . ejmdbg 487" ndċb j dzihlhj bh fjidŨtg

bh ċgnu vjisog LrdŨąhbsoje shvgzh d bhbgj tgŲho pjrhz

shrh`gbsodk sbhehkh u fd`d ojih sg jmderhnh bgmhngoj jm

rgog Ehrdnihbj. bgodl 633 odnjkgthrh jm Vdkh" Mgvgt ejmdbh

ohsbdig. Khrjzdih ig dpho uspgnh mh ufgmd Hnfgrdoh mh orgbgbh Vdk d pjouŨh mh skhobg phpu Ijvhbh \" Hnfgrdojv khrŨ

bh Pvgtd erhm zhusthvnigb ig ojm vhrjŨd`g Jrtg u Nh`diu. u

srgmbiji Dthndid" Hnfgrdojvg sbheg prgtrpgng su tgŲho pjrhz

u tji fd`d? jb shk ig ufdigb. h tgnj ku ig dsohshpnigbj" Wzh

svg tj. phph ig. u pjfgmbdċojk zhbjsu. prdkjrhj Khrjzdiu

mh svjidk jċdkh pjengmh jbj Ũtj iji ig jm kuŲh jsthnj. d thi

uŲhshb mjŲdvnihi jbh bdohmh bdig bd zhfjrhvdnh bd jprjstdnh"

Khrjzdih ig. u dstd khl. jsgąhnh jfhvgzu mh sg jsvgtd. igr

ig bigbh khtd ]g jmjrh ijŨ fdnh u Ųdvjtu" Kj Ųmh dz nhtgbtbje

pjŨtjvhbih ojig ig ehidnh prgkh ]gjmjrd. h kjŲmh d dz strhlh

mh bg rhzebgvd bigbg sngmfgbdog. Khrjzdih sg. dzengmh.

uzmrŲhnh mh prgmuzkg fdnj Ũth prjtdv Ijvhbh. fhr zh bgoj

vrgkg" W kgmuvrgkgbu ig. ejmdbg 46=. phph Ijvhb mjmhtbj

pjmihrdj Khrjzdidbu Ųumbiu zh jmkhzmjk" Ijvhb sg. bhdkg.

uigmdbdj sh Dejk jm Srjvhbsg. u tj vrgkg vgą orhnigk Dthndig.uerjzdvŨd thoj Khrjzdidb utd`hi u Vdku"

Shph ig. u pjfgm bdċoj k zhbjsu.

prdkjrhj Khrjzdiu mh svjidk jċdkh

engmh jbj Ũtj ig jm bigbje kuŲh

jsthnj. d thi uŲhshb mjŲdvnihi jbh

bdohmh bdig bd zhfjrhvdnh bd jprjstdnh"

Mvg ejmdbg ohsbdig ,461$ Khrjzdih sg umhnh d mrued put.

jvjeh puth jmhfrhvŨd dzrhzdtj utd`hibje kuŲh. Evdmh. erjah

d vjivjmu jm Nuog d khroerhah. Ũtj ąg rgąd vjibje bhkgsbdoh

]jsohbg" Ponhphbigk jvje frhoh Khrjzdih ig jsgtbj

jsbhŲdnh svjiu pjzd`diu. ohj Ũtj ig bigbjk ihċhbiu mjprdbgnh

d ]gjmjrdbh skrt 46<" ejmdbg" Ojnhng su. rhzukg sg. enhsdbg

mh ig Khrj zdih jtrjvhnh ]gjmjru. h d bgkh sukbig mh ig jbh

fdnh mjvjnibj bgkdnjsrmbh mh shkh khiou jtgrh u erjf" Fdnj

ohoj fdnj. ]gjm jrdbh skrt jnhoŨhnh ig Khrjzdid jsvgtbdċohprgebuąh. igr ig shmh. fgz svjig bgohmhŨbig zhŨtdtbd`g. phph

Ijvhb \ fdj jsgtbj snhfdi d bgej prg" Khrjzdih d bigb kuŲ

Evdmj bhsnutdnd su mh ąg Ijvhb usojrj fdtd ijŨ rhbidvdid"

WFDP]QJ W SHSPOJI SHNH]DFrhċb d phr umgsdj ig ufdstvj Ijvhbh Sgtrush.

rdksoje prgagoth. dbhċg rjmgbje frhth phpg

Ijvhbh" Sgtrusu ig Ijvhb mjmgndj rhzbg

pjċhstd d ubjsbg snuŲfg zh ojig su rdksod

pngkdąd sk htrhnd mh bg prdphmhiu

bigku. vgą bidkh" Sh dpho. fdnj ig u

Shph Nhv QD fdj ig igmhb u bdzu phph

orhto jv gog v nhmhv dbg d z grg pjrbjorht di g "

Dzhfrhb ig bgemg u iubu 46<" ejm dbg d

v nhmhj ig svgeh sgmhk kgsg`d " Khnj

sg tjeh j b i gk u zbh + ohoj jbje

mjfrje. thoj d n jŨge + d zuzgv mh

pjstj ig bhzbhog mh ig jb igmhb jm

bgojn d ` dbg p jbt d ah ċ d i d su zgkbd

jsth`d shlrhbigbd u Fhzd n d` d

svgtje Sgtrh"




ufdstvu Sgtrusjvjk kbjej vdsg jm puog jsvgtg" Jb sg.

bhdkg. dsprgmj bh putu jstvhrgbih Khrjzdidbdl pnhbjvh

thoj Ũtj ig bgpjojngfnidvj sthihj uzh svjeh frhth. pruŲhiuąd

ku mrhej gbu pjmrŨou u pnjvdmfd prgoj kutbje k jrh

dbtrdeg. bhsdnih d dzmhig. h uprhvj bh tj ig ndmnj phpstvj

mgsgtje vgoh" Hnd shmh. ohm ig Ijvhb Sgtrus uonjbigb. bdigvdsg fdnj bd prgprgoh jndċgbdl u bigejvjk dsoustvu d ukgąu.

d prgvrhtbd dkh bdig fdnj tgŨoj mh sg mjċgphiu Ijvhbh. ndŨg eh

snjfjmg d fh`g eh u thkbdù u mvjrù Phbt Hbmgnj" Wfrzj

ig Ijvhb thkj d ukrj? bg zbh sg mh nd ig umhvnigb bh sphvhbiu.

ohoj prgbjsd Ndutprhbm. dnd ku ig enhvg mjŨnh tgsojfh + strgs.

Ũtj fd sg mhbhs rgonj + uojndoj ig vgrjvhtd vgrzdid Ijvhbjvje

strhmhbih dz pgrh arhbùsoje lrjb dċhrh Anjmjhrh"

Ph strhbg engmhbj. K hrjzdih ig shmh vnhmhnh ohj prvh

kgĘu rdksodk uengmbd`dkh d pjsthvnihmkh phph. hnd thi ig

utdsho fdj d tg ohoj vhrnidv. fumum mh ig jbh vgą bgoj vrgkgrhmdnh dsoniumvj bh tjkg mh ubgsg rhzmjr" Sjsthvdnh ig. thoj.

ijŨ mvjidù phph khrdjbgth" Srvd ig fdj Nhv QD. o jid ig mjŨhj d

jtdŨhj u igmbji tg dstji ohngbmhrsoji ejmdbd ,46<$. h prdċhnj sg

mh eh ig. pjsng svgeh sgmhk kgsg`d prjvgmgbdl bh muŲbjstd

pjbtdah. jtrjvhnh uprhvj Khrjzdih" Nhvh ig bhsngmdj Ptgahb

QDDD. ojid ig prjŨhj khnj fjnig. fumum mh ig vnhmhj jm 46<" mj

prvdl kgsg`d 408" ejmdbg" ]j ig vgą. rgonj fd sg. fdnj u shenhsiu

s tdpdċbdk rhzvjigk mjehmhih. emg phpg orhtojvgog vnhmhvdbg

skgbiuiu igmhb mruejeh thoj mh jbhi ojid jmnhzd. igmbjsthvbj.

ukrg dnd bgsthbg fgz trheh d enhsh" P mrueg strhbg. dzh tg. vgą

usthnigbg rutdbg. Khrjzdih ig zhprhvj oupjvhnh vrgkg. ċgohium

mh bigb sdb Ijvhb sthsh. ph mh bigeh pjsthvd zh phpu" Ijvhbu ig

fdnh 68 ejmdbh. thkhb ojndoj trgfh mh prguzkg phpsou orubu.

ohm ig bigejvh khtd bhizhm jstvhrdnh svjiu hk fd`diu d ustjndmnh

eh zh phpu Ijvhbh \D" Fdnj ig tj 408" ejmdbg"

Khrjzdih ig""" pjsthvdnh ijŨ mvjidù

phph khrdjbgth""" P mrueg strhbg. dzh

tg. vgą usthnigbg rutdbg. Khrjzdih ig zhprhvj oupjvhnh vrgkg. ċgohiuąd mh

bigb sdb Ijvhb sthsh. ph mh jbmh bigeh

pjsthvd zh phpu"

Mrued Khrjzdidb kuŲ uk rj ig 464" ]rd ejmdbg ohsbdig

Ijvhb \D uonjbdj ig prgprgog mh Khrjzdih d tr gm put stupd u

frho. d jbh sg umhnh zh svje bgohmhŨbige bgprdihtgnih. orhnih Deh

jm Dthndig. ojid ig biji. ohj pjnufrht pjojibje Evdmh. u stvhrdfdj mgvgr" Bidkh mvjkh bdig fdnj mjzvjnigbj mh stupg u frho.

fumum mh ig pj lrdŨąhbsojk zhojbu frho dzkgmu mhbjvh

svjitg. u jvjk snuċhiu dzkgmu mgvgrh d sbhlg. skhtrhb

prjtdvzhojbdtdk d rhvbdk db`gstu" Mrueu pho prgprgou

prgmsthvnihnh ig mbigbd`h mh ig De u tj vrgkg fdj jŲgbigb

ċjvgo. hnd s tdk sg vgą oumdohkj nhoŨg dzhŨnj bh orhi. pjŨtj sg

phph Ijvhb pjsthrhj mh bh frzdbu dzmgistvuig rhzvjm" Shph ig.sgk tjeh. d fnhejsnjvdj knhmgb`g ohmh ig. uprojs svgku. mjŨnj

mj vgbċhbih dzkgĘu Deh d Khrjz dig. mhvŨd bh thi bhm b jvji

zhigmbd`d prdvdm ngedtdkbjstd ojih jvhi frho. strdotbj ejvjrgm.

bdig prhtdnh"

Ijvhb ig svjiji khi` d pjkjehj mh prgvhzdmg rhzbg

tgŨojąg s ojidkh jbh dbhċg bg fd kjenh mh sg dzfjrd. hnd

Bidkh mvjkh bdig fdnj mjzvjnigbj

mh stupg u frho. fumuąd mh ig pj lrdŨąhbsojk zhojbu frho dzkgmu

ċnhbjvh svjitg. u jvjk snuċhiu

dzkgmu mgvgrh d sbhlg. skhtrhb

prjtdvzhojbdtdk d rhvbdk db`gstu"

Khrjzdidbj zhmjvjnistvj bdohmh bg fd pjtrhihnj" Jm pjfgmg

bhm pjojibdk Ijvhbjk \ jbh ig pjtpubj zhbgkhrdnh svje

mrueje. zhojbdtje sdbh. oje ig rjmdnh u frhou s prvdk kuŲgk.

Hnfgrdojk. erjajk jm ]jsohbg" Knhmd Hnfgrdo DD. dzrhzdtj

niufjk jrhb bh sthrdige pjnufrhth. zhvdmhb zfje bgsordvgbg

khimbg bhonjbjstd ojiu jb shk bdig uŲdvhj. ufrzj ig pjohzhj

mh d jb. bgsukbidvj. nd m bh svjig dsovhrgbg prgtog" Hnfgrdou

sg bdig mjphj bd trgm khimb kuŲ. d tj ig ufrzj svdkh sthvdj

mj zbhbih" ] go Ũtj ig jfrgm vgbċhb ih jfhvnigb. h ejstd pjsgmhnd

zh svhmfgbu trpgzu. Hnfgrdo ig ehmbj uvrgmdj orhnih Deh" Jvhi

ku. kgmutdk. bdig jsthj muŲhb d. pjŨtj su rhzkgbdnd bgojndoj

erufdl rgċgbd`h. prgŨnd su bh bhsdnbdid bhm b jfrhċubhvhbih.

prd ċgku ig orhni nupdj Ũhkhr knhmjk Hnfgrdou. rgohvŨd ku mh

ig jfdċbh Ũgprtnih"

Jvj ihvbj pjbdŲhvhbig bgjpdsdvj ig rhzihrdnj Hnfgrdoh.

ojid sg zhongj mh ąg sg jsvgtdtd" Bigejv bhrgmbd pjtgz kjŲg

sg. dbhċg. prjtuk hmtd d ohj pjsngmd`h enhsdbh mh ig orhni De.

bhvjmbj. bhkgrhvhj mh eh jsngpd. ti" mh prdfgebg kgtjmd

shsvdk ujfdċhigbji u rhbjk srgmbigk vgou. igr tj ig fdj

jmndċhb bhmb mh sg suphrbdo jbgspjsjfd. h mh sg dpho jsthvd u

Ųdvjtu. ohoj fd sg vdsg bhphtdj"

KHVJYDIH W ]HKBD@D

De d Khrjzdih su tgo bgojndoj k gsg`d fdnd u frhou ohm igHnfgrdo joupdj runiu. bhjruŲhj ig ph. rhsphndvŨd strhstd. orgbuj



6< KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHMHQDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPOD POHBMHND




bh mvjrh` Phb t HbĘgnj. emg ig fjrhvdj frhċbd phr" ]rebuvŨd

sg dz sbh jm sdnbg erhig. De ig. pjfjihvŨd sg mh ąg eh bhskrt

uknhtdtd. sojċdj dz orgvgth d pjouŨhj mh pjfgebg" Jbhoj u

sphvhąd`d. shordj sg u vgndou ojŨhru. ojiu su pjtjk bigejvg

snueg prgbgng bh sdeurbj" Sjkjąu uŲgth spustdj sg bdz erhmsog

zdmdbg d utgohj. jsthvdvŨd Khrjzdiu mh sg shkh sujċd sh svjidkjsvgtjniufdvdk sdbjk" Hnfgrdojvh jsvgth fdnh ig zhdsth erjzbh"

Yhtvjrdj ig khiou u thkbdù bh bhibdŲgk pjmzgkbjk

bdvju mvjr`h Phbt Hbmgnj. d svd su dzengmd mh jthmh vdsg bdig

vdmgnh svgtnjst mhbh" Biji su thmh fdng =6 ejmdbg. d fdnh ig

ngph. zhbjsbh Ųgbh. h sdb iu ig jsumdj bh 7= ejmdbg nhehbje

ojpbgbih. igr ig jbh u thk bd`d mjŲdvgnh mufjou sthrjst"

Hnfgrdo ig""" zhtvjrdj svjiu khiou u

thkbdù bh bhibdzgk pjmzgkbjk bdvju mvjr`h Phbt Hbmgnj. d svd

su dzengmd mh jthmh vdsg bdig vdmgnh

svgtnjst mhbh" Dkhnh ig thmh =6 ejmdbg"

Hnfgrdo ig. u kgmuvrgkgbu. zhtvjrdj d svje pjnufrhth

ojpdnhbh. phpu Ijvhbh \D. d thoj sg pjnhoj uċvrstdj bh vnhstd"

H ohm ig jsgtdj mh ku bdoj u Vdku bdŨth bg kjŲg. Hnfgrdo ig

pustdj Ijvhbh dz zhtvjrh. prgkmh ku bd bh orhi phkgtd bdigfdnj mh eh zhdsth jsnjfjmd" Sjnufrhth ig. bhdkg. sthvdj u ouąbd

prdtvjr. zhtvjrdvŨd eh u @rovu sv" Ijvhbh Nhtgrhbsoje" Ijvhbu

su jmuzgth fgzkhnj svh jvnhŨągbih ojih su ku ohj phpd

prdphmhnh. igmdbj ku ijŨ bdig fdnj usorhągbj prhvj mh jfhvnih

svgtg thibg" Yh phpu Ijvhbh tj. kgmutdk. bdig fdnj bdŨth bjvj d

bgsvhodmhŨbig" Dz bigejvje uenh. mjejmdnj sg shkj tj mh vnhst

bhm bidk Hnfgrdo prguzkg jm Khrjzdig. h Hnfgrdo ig. u tjk

trgbutou mrŲhj d svgtjvbu d `rovgbu vnhst u Vdku"

Ijvhb ig. pjm bhmzjrjk svje knhmge frhth. pjŲdvgj ij Ũ

ċgtdrd ejmdbg. prg bgej Ũtj ig ukrj 407. h Hnfgrdou ig jbmh

prgjsthnj mh orgbg stjphkh bidljvg khiog d fhfg. d pjsthvnih

bjvg phpg" W bhrgmbg 66 ejmdbg. prg bgej Ũtj ig ngth 47="

ukrj u =0" ejmdbd Ųdvjth. Hnfgrdo ig dkgbjvhj ċgtvjrdù

phph" Bh jmru ig svje vhbfrhċbje sdbh. ŨgsbhgstjejmdŨbige

Jothvdihbh. prjenhsdj zh bhsngmbdoh" Jothvdihb ig. bh jsbjvu

tjeh. ejmdbg 477" zhuzgj prgstj sv" Sgtrh. d tj ohj Ijvhb \DD. h

bigejv pjbtdadoht jsthj ig uphkągb ohj pjtpubh prjphst"

Mvjrh` Phbt Hbmgnj. oji d sg uzmdŲg bh mgsbji jfhn d ]dfrh. fdj ig igmbh

jm phpso dl rgz dmgb` d ih" Bhzvhb ig pj mjkdbhbtbj i s ou np tur d hbmgnh "

Srvjfd tbj ig jvh erhmgv dbh. pjm debuth u mruejk vgou bjvg grg

,807+804$. f d nh jskdŨ n igbh ohj k huzjng i zh r dksoj e ` hrh Lhmr dihbh"




@ Q N ] Q

) ) d >

Н D DJ ^ & D B P ] H Q V H 8 Q K % a t u iI Q G •" K H r " P n a n @ J + G \ J V B H ] H K % ] K P + O x p j N , V D • D Q P P { ] ) H B B J ■@ L V




Kdbu` djzbj uorhŨgbh ubutrhŨb ijst @rovg sv" Ijvhbh Nhtgrhb+

soje. zvhb dċbg ohtgmrh ng V dksog f dsoup d ig d e nhvbg vht d ohbsog

fhzd n d og " W srgm dŨ tu sg bh nhz d `grgkjbd ih nbh phpsoh s tj n d `h "

Shph Ijvhb \DD fdj ig u tji kgrd rhzvrhthb mh sg prdċhnj

ohoj sg kjbhsd d kjbhldbig pj khbhstdrdk h Fjeu kjng mhku Ũtj prg umgnd skrt" Bdig. rgohj fd ċjvgo. fdnj tje erglh

ojid Ijvhb \DD bdig + dnd bg fd + pjċdbdj" M rdhj ig fjrmgn u

@rovd sv" Ijvhbh Nhtgrhbsoje. h vjĘgbig ihvbg ouąg pjvgrdj ig

igmbji jm svjidl bhnjŲbd`h. Khrsdid" Pphvhj ig s niufhvbd`jk

svjeh j`h d s rjmgbjk khiojk" Dzbjsdj ig znhtbg putdrg dz

@rovg svgtje Sgtrh d pjonhbihj dl svjidk niufhvbd`hkh ohj

bherhmu zh strhstvgbg bjąd" Jsngpgj ig igmbje. h uŨtrjidj

mrueje ohrmdbhnh. pjsng ċgeh ig jvhi pjtjbid prgkdbuj"

Ljmjċhsbd`dkh ojid su mjnhzdnd u Vdk prgtdnh ig jphsbjst mh

jsthbu fgz uzmhrih @rovd ojih su sjfjk pjbgnd? kbjeg fd.

bhdkg. shk phph mjvnhċdj zh oj`ohrsod stj. emg fd dl jpgnigŨdj"

W thovdk prdndohkh Ijvhb \DD prdzdvhj fd phehbsog fjejvg d

fjedbig. shkj mh ku sg pjsrgąd bh oj`od" Ygbhkh ig sorgthbh

phŲbih mh sg onjbg @rovg sv" Ijvhbh Nhtgrhbsoje. ph d svdlmruedl kgsth emg fd sg phph kjehj bhąd. igr thi ig uvgo fdj

bh jprgzu. vrgfhiuąd bjvd pngb" Bdig kbjej vrgkgbh prjŨnj.

h Ijvhbjvj pjb hŨhbig dzhzvhnj ig tjndod ebgv Vdknihbh mh ig

jvhi pjċgj mh strhluig zh Ųdvjt" D gvj Ũth ig prgmuzgj9 pjoupdj

Shph Ijvhb \D D . jojrg n d rhzvrhtb do . oj i d i g vjm dj fjrmg n pjm

svjmjv dkh @rovg sv" Ijvhbh Nhtgrhbsoje. orub dŨg Jtjbh D zh

v n hmh rh Pvg tje r d k soje `h rs tvh 416 " ejm d bg "




ig svg mrhej`gbjstd dz @rovg sv" Sgtrh d pjfgehj u ]dvjnd. 65

odnjkgthrh umhnigb jm Vdkh"

Jerjkbu Ũtgtu bhbgj ig Ijvhb \DD phpstvu. ojig sg ijŨ

jpjrhvnihnj jm znjmbh d ergljvh bigejvdl p rgtljmbdoh. mh

Shph Ijvhb. ijŨ u dzebhbstvu u ]dvjndiu.

uzvrhtdj ig mh ąg. uojndoj eh sdbjm

rhzvnhstd""" gosojkubd`drhtd svg ojid u

tj fumu bh fdnj ojid bhċdb ukgŨhbd.

Ũtj zbhċd mh vdsg bgąg kjąd bd mh mrŲg

kdsu. bd mh jfhvnihiu ruojpjnjŲgbih"

ig kjrhj mh fumg shzvhb vhbrgmbd sdbjm. ojid sg pjsvgtdjdsoniuċdvj rgŨhvhbiu bigejvje pdthbih" Pvd dthndihbsod fdsoupd.

Ũgsbhgstjrd`h ohrmdbhnh d jsthnj svgŨtgbstvj ,fdnj dl ig d dz

Bgkhċog$ shoupdnj sg mh jmnuċd Ũth ąg d ohoj ąg s tdk strhŨbdk

knhmdk ċjvgojk ojid dk ig. ohj pjbtda. fdj prgtpjsthvnigb"

Sjzvhnd su svgmjog. pjm zhongtvjk dzbumdnd ċvrstg mjohzg d

ojbhċbj prjŨdrdnd vgą djbhoj zhprgphŨąuiuąd spdsho Ijvhbjvdl

bgmgnh" Bgoh jm bidl hpjstrjadrhbh su u pdsku ojig ig Ijvhbu

pjsnhj Jtjb D Phosjbsod. vnhmhr Pvgtje rdksoje `hrstvh"

Pvd. d svgŨtgbstvj ohj d svgtjvbih`d. jptuŲuiu Qhs. Pvgtjstd. zh ufdstvj. ordvjongtstvj. svgtjerĘg. db`gstujzbg jmbjsg s rjmhohkh. uoniuċuiuąd mvg rjmgbg sgstrg. h d zh tj Ũtj stg.

bhndo ohovjk phehbu. prdzdvhnd Iupdtgrh. Qgbgru d jsthng mgkjbg"

Shph Ijvhb. ojid ig u tj vrgkg ijŨ fdj u dzebhbstvu u ]dvjndiu.

uzvrhtdj ig J tjbu tjbjk thoj phojsbdk mh ig `g ndk erhmjk

Vdkjk zhvnhmhj strhl" Wojndoj eh sdbjm rhzvnhstd + prgtdj ig

Ijvhb + jb ąg sg pjsthrhtd mh svd ojid su u tj ukgŨhbd fumu

gosojkubd`drhbd. Ũtj zbhċd mh vdŨg bgąg kjm bd mh snuŲg

kdsu. bd mh jfhvnihiu ruojpjnjŲgbih" LrdŨąhbsodk rgċbdojk

ejvjrgąd. fdnh ig tj bhiejrh ohzbh ojiu ig igmhb phph kjehj

mh dzrgobg. igr fdtd gosojkubd`drhb zbhmnj ig fdtd dzfhċgb dz

@rovg. jsthtd fgz zhŨtdtg ojiu @rovh pruŲh d. `hn . mjvgstd u

pdthbig fgskrtbjst svjig muŨg"

JP QG] H IJQHBH \DDWprojs prgtbid gosojkubdoh`dijk. `hr Jtjb skgbdj ig

Ijvhbh d pjsthvdj bjvje phpu. Nhvh QD DD " Ijvhb sg. bhrhvbj.

s tdk bdig pjkdrdj" Ohm sg bhpjsngtou. 410" ejmdbg. vrhtdj u

Vdk. bigejvh ig jsvgth fdnh kbjej. kbjej ŲgŨąh bgej Ũtj ig

d shk bhihvnidvhj u prgtbihkh" Jtgrhj ig phpu Nhvh. h jbmh.

Sjrtrg t Nhvh QD D D . oj i d i g . d pjrgm pjmrŨog v nhmhrh Pvgtje r dksoje

`hrs tvh Jtjbh D . kjrhj mh sg fjr d prj t d v n i u tje suphrb doh. Ijvhbh

\DD . prg bgej Ũ tj `g ojbhċbj f d t d p r d zbht ohj prhv d phph" Nhvjvh

v nhmhv dbh pjtrh ih nh ig svgeh jshk kgsg`d 41=" d 417" ejm dbg"

ukgstj mh dl gosojkubd`drh. pjfdj dnd jshohtdj svg jbg ojidsu ku sumdnd bh sdbjmu" ]hoj ig Ijvhb bhrgmdj mh sg igmhb

fdsoup Ųdv jmgrg. mh sg igmbjk ohrmdbhnu jmsgou bjs d mvh

prsth bh ru`d. h pjtjk d igzdo. mh fd bh orhiu. pj bigejvji

zhpjvgstd. fgz enhvh bh rhk gbdkh jsthnh 10 prdphmbdoh

rdksoje svgŨtgbstvh d pngkstvh"

H jbmh sg. u pjzbdk vgċgrbidk ċhsjvdkh 8=" khih

41=" ejmdbg. umbdnj mh su kbjejfrjibg kjndtvg upuągbg

Fjeu mh sg ukgŨh d sphsg Vdk jm tje phpg mgkjbh +

ojbh ċbj usndŨgbg" Ohoj ig tj ohsbdig jpdshj fdsoup Ijvhb

Orgs`gbtdius. Ijvhbh ig. ‒uprhvj mjo ig jmrŲhvhj bgzhojbdtgd prnihvg jmbjsg s igmbjk uvhŲgbjk rdksojk ejspjmjk.

""" ,Shpu Ijvhbh$ bh mgnu ig zhtgohj

rhsrmgbd suprue igmbg uvhŲgbg

rdksog ejspjmg ojid ku ig. u bhstupu

jprhvmhbje ebgvh. skrsohj njfhbiu"""

bh mgnu dzbgbhmdj ejspjmdb rhsrmgbd suprue ojid ku ig. u

bhstupu jprhvmhbje ebgvh. skrsohj njfhbiu khnigk d thoj

jsnjfjmdj tu znu muŨu. pjsnhvŨd ig u zhernihi shthbdb"&

PKV] KHVJYDIDBH@rovh. kgmutdk. ijŨ bg fgŨg zhvrŨdnh s ahkdndijk ‒fnumbd`h&

ojig su dzbgmrdng mgvgtjrd`u bhivgml ergŨbdoh kgĘu

phphkh" Ngth 4<1. pubg 66 ejmdbg pjsng mrhkhtdċbg

pjedfdig Ijvhbh \DD. fdsoup Orgs`gbtdius bhvrhtdj ig u

mvjrh` Phbt Hbmgnj mh vdmd Ijvhbjvu khiou. Khrjzdiu.

ojiji ig thmh fdnj vgą 41 ejmdbh" Bgohm rhsojŨbh Khrjzdidbh

ngpjth fgŨg jmhvbj dŨċgznh. h jsthnh ig shkj vrgąh ojstdiu

d bgŨtj sphruŨgbje. ushlnje kgsh" Wprhvj dzhfrhbd phph.

Ijvhb \Q . mjbgj ig jmnuou mh ig pjkdnuig. s tdk Ũtj ig

bigejvj pjkdnjvhbig pjprdkdnj jfndo ojid fd vhnimh igmdbj

srgmbijvgojvbd uk uk gj ohj thovj mh prgpjzbh"

Orgs`gb tdius ig K hrjzdiu jptuŲdj zh kbjeh bgmgnh.

uoniuċuium d uċgstvjvhbig u zhvgrd s `dnigk pjmrdvhbih

tgkg nibdl prhvh phpstvh. zhtdk b igb bgzhojbdt jmbjs s

phpjk Pgredigk DD. bgkjrhnbd Ųdvjt d ..bhuk„ mh prguzkg

vnhst bhm `gndk svgtjk" W tjk skdsnu. upjrgmdj ig Khrjzdius Igzhvgnijk. fdfndisojk hrldprgstupbd`jk ojih sg thojmg




N G J %■QdnIW SHISH nJK HBQd%



0= KV]QHĎOD PDBJM. QNHMHQDBH FNWMBD@H D JP]HND QH]DOHBPOD POHBMHND

‒mrzbunh mh uzkg d trgągeh kuŲh&"

Wvgrg big mh znj u ċjvgou kjeu dzhzvhtd mgkjbd ojid sg

bhsthbiuiu u niumsojk fdąu f dnj ig Ũdrjoj rhsprjstrhbigbj u

rhbjk srgmbigk vgou. ph su thoj gezjr`dstd. zh svhod snuċhi.

bgċdstg sdng dstgrhnd d dz Khrj zdig" J snjfjmgbh ergljvh.

ojbhċbj ċdsth d sprgkbh zh susrgt s ]vjr`gk. jbh ig ufrzjpjtjk d sojbċhnh" W b igbu ągndiu uŨubihj sg orvbdo ojid

iu ig ueuŨdj ihstuojk. ‒zh mjfrjf dt& . ohoj ig rgċgbj.

‒svgtg khiog @rovg d kdr bhrjmh rdksoje&"

Fdnj ohoj fdnj. prjp hst pjrbjorhtdig d orhi

vnhmhvdbg fnumbd`h bdig jzbhċdj d sukrho

phpdbsoje rhzvrhth. bdtd ehŨgbig utd`hibdl

pjrjmd`h oj ig su d shkg jm tg d

thovg Pvgtg stjnd`g dkhng vgndog

ojrdstd" K bjej ig vrgkgbh

prjŨnj prg bgej Ũtj sg

dbstdtu`dih phpstvh

jsnjfjmdnh htrdfuth

puog hnhtog u ruohkh

kjąbdoh d sojrjigvdąh

ojid su ig ojrdstdnd zhrhm

jstvhrdvhbih vnhstdtdl

dbtgrgsh. fdnh tu rgċ j

prgmsthvbd`dkh vnhmhrsodl

dnd pngkdąodl ouąh.

pjndtdċhrdk h dnd trejv`dkh"

Kjrhnj ig. ŨthvdŨg. mh

prjmg ijŨ ldnihmu ejmdbh

ph mh sg phpg. tgo thkj

bgemg u \D \ vgou.

bhkgtbu ohj muljvbd`d

jm utd`hih d bhkgsbd`d

Lrdstjvd bh Ygknid. Ũtj

ig jmuvgo d trgfhnj mh

fumu. d mh sg bidljvh

dkgbh vdsg bg pjihvniuiu

bh ndsthkh bhiejrdlzndojvh`h u dstjrdid"

Shph Ijvhb \D D.

svj i gv rgk gbj jp d shb

ohj ‒ rhzv rh tb d o u muŨ d d

d b`gs tujzb d sh thb d s th & . jvmg

sg pj ihv n iu ig u igmbji b dkhnj

php d bsoj i pjz d . ohoj p n gŨg sh

jsoumbj jmgvgbjk Ųgbjk ? o rjz

bigb n d o s n d ohr ig . kjŲgfd t d . bhkgrhvhj

mh p r d ohŲg Ijvhbjvu k h i ou K hrjz d i u "

Khrjzdid ig thmh fdnj 41 ejmdbh"

Orvbdo sg uŨubihj u bigbu ągndiu d

ueuŨdj ig ihstuojk """




FJBDAH@DIG QDDD 9 SHSH DYH VGţG]HOH

Igmbh jm prvdl jmnuoh bjvjpjsthvnigbje phpg Fjbdah`dih QDDD.

mj thmh Fgbgmgth Ohgthbdih. fdnh ig mh svjeh prgtljmbdoh.prgfnheje d svgtsodk pjsnjvdkh bgvdċbje @gngstdbh Q.

fh d u thkbdù u zhkho Aukjbg u dthnd ihbsojk erhmdąu

Agrgbtdbu. emg ig jvhi. ngth 8641. d dzmhlbuj u <8" ejmdbd

Ųdvjth" Wfrzj sg Fjbdah`dig bhkgtbuj ohj shkjmrŲh`. ojid

ig 8036" phpsodk mgorgtjk jfzbhbdj mh ig. ‒zhrhm sphsgbih.

hpsjnutbj bgjpljmbj mh sg svhoj niumsoj fdąg pjtmbd vjnid

rdksojeh pjbtdah&"

Yfje jvhovje prdstuph. Fjbdah`dig ig shk sgfd stvjrdjfrjibg bgprdihtgnig kgmu k jąbdk d snhvjniufdvdk orhnigvdkh

Gvrjpg. ph sg thoj bh bigeh bhniutdj d Adndp DQ jm Arhbùsog.

ojid ig bhprjstj pjfgsbgj ohmh ig phph 8036" jfgnjmhbdj

mh svd kjbhrsd kjrhiu mh sg pjojrhvhiu Vdkjohtjndċoji

`rovd" Adndp ig bh tj uzvrhtdj jptuŲdvŨd phpu zh igrgs d zhtrhŲdj

mh sg Fjbdah`dig jmrgobg phpsoje zvhbih" Arhbùsod orhni

bdig bh tjkg d sthj. vgą ig umhrdj prhvj bh phpsou phnhtu u

Fjbdah`digvjk rjmbjk Hbihbdiu" Shph ig ndŨgb snjfjmg"

Fjbdah`dig ig trd mhbh prjvgj u zhrjfnigbdŨtvu mjo su jbd

ojid su eh zhtjċdnd rhsprhvnihnd mh nd mh eh u nhb`dkh jmvuoumj jfndŲbige Ndjbh. emg fd ku pjtjk fdnj sumgbj" Fjbdah`diu

fd. uz tj. bhtjvhrdnd bh i`rbig kjeuąg jptuŲfg ohovg su shkj

niumd igmbg mufjoj prhzbjvgrbg gpjlg kjend mh skdsng"

JptuŲgb ig thoj zh ċhrjfbihŨtvj. mruejvhbig sh mhvjnjk.

prdohċgbj ku ig tj mh pjsgmuig mdihfjndċbje oukdrh s ojidk.

prdmg. d rhzejvhrh. zhkgrdnd su ku mh sg jmrgohj vgrg u Dsush

Lrdsth. mh ig ejvjrdj ohoj ergsd putd bdsu ergsd. h muehċojk

spdsou mjmhtd su d rhzbd mrued ‒znjmbd&. prd ċgku ig d shkj

igmhb jm bhvgmgbdl fdj mjvjnihb mh jsumgbdo zhvrŨd bh

njkhm"

IJţ IGMBJ SJP]LWKBJ PWēGBIGFjbdah`dig ig pjŲdvgj ijŨ shkj k gsg` mhbh pjsng Adndpjvje

prgphmh. d tj vrgkg prjvgj ig u Nhtgrhbsoji phnhtd u Vdku.

emg sg shkjdbd`dihtdvbj zhtvjrdj. jmfdihium svg pjsgtg d

ou ium pnhbjvg ohoj mh sg jsvgtd" ] u ig d prgkdbuj. 88"

jotjfrh 8030" ejmdbg. kjŲmh d prdrjmbjk skrąu. hnd

kjeuąg d usngm trjvhbih dnd mhvnigbih" Jsvgtjniufdvd orhni

Adndp bhrgmdj ig thmh mh sg Fjbdah`dig pjstluk bj dzvgmg

prgm sum. jsumuium eh ohj igrgtdoh d. stjeh. ċjvgoh ojid ig

prjtdvzhojbdtj jfhvnihj vdsjou muŲbjst" Hnd Fjbdah`digv

bhsngmbdo Ongkgbt Q. ojid ig kjŲmh ċdthj ohovh ig sumfdbh

zhmgsdnh ċhsbje Ajrkjzdih d bigejv ngŨ ċgtdrd vgoh rhbdig.

uspgj ig mh dzfgebg tu mjmhtbu srhkjtu. d tj thoj Ũtj ig

pjċgtho suĘgbih jmnhehj ubgmjengm. ph prgsumh bdohmh

bdig bd mjbgth"

Pou np tu rh phpg Fjb d ah` d ih QD D D . oj i d sg bhŨhj u vg n doj i bgvj n i d

o h m h ig s v j iu s h kj m rŲ h ċ o u v j n i u p j o u Ũ h j m h b h kg tb g

s nj f j m j u kb dk o rh n i g v dkh Gv rj p g \ DQ v g o h "



SHSG

EGBJ@DM9

OH]HVD. MGJ SVQD

]jngrhb`dih. ojih sg mhbhs skhtrh vrndbjk. u srgmbijvgojvbji Gvrjpd

fdnh ig + ruŲbh rgċ" ]j sg bhrjċdtj jmbjsdnj bh lrdŨąhbsoh vgrjvhbih. ojih su sg stjpdnh u igmbu prhvu. usou sthzu s ojig ig fdnj jphsbj.

h ċgstj d pjeufbj sorgbutd"

♡

]gmhb phph dz trdbhgstje vgoh. Dbjągbtdig DDD. prjenhsdj

D ig znjċdbjk trpgnidv jmbjs prgkh igrgtdrdkh u

D jmrgĘgbji zhigmbd`d" Jvhoj orut bhċdb rhzkdŨnihbih

bdig prjdstgohj dsoniuċdvj ohj pjsngmd`h ahbhtdċbje

mjekhtdzkh srgmbijvgojvbg @rovg" Fdj ig tj d svjigvrsthb

Ohthrsod igrgtd` d bhŨn d su sg pjm jpshmjk u utvrĘgbjk erhmu

Ohrohsjbu u Arhb`usoji , ngvj$. emg su dl sh svdl strhbh jpojn d ng

ohtjn dċog sbheg ojig ig pjsnhj phph" Frhbdj`d Ohrohsjbh. ohoj

ohthrd . thoj d ohtjn d` d . lrhfrj su sg jmupdrhd d bhphmhċdkh. ċd i d ig

pjljm pjmsthohj phph Dbjągbtd ig DD D ,ejrg$" Bi dljv jtpjr pjohzhj

sg. kgmutdk. uzhnumbdk igr su fd n d d jruŲigk bhmihċhbd d frjibj

zbhtbj snhfdid jm prjtdvbdoh"

vdm shkjjmfrhbg jm dzhzjvh s ojidkh sg lrdŨąhbsod svgt

sujċhvhj u tj mjfh" @rovh ig dkhnh ihog. jmnuċbg d jphsbg

bgprdihtgnig" Kusndkhbd su. prdkgrh rhmd. fdnd pjtpubj

pjsvgągbd Ũdrgbiu dsnhkh pj `gnjk svgtu" Shehbdzhk. u

svjidk rhzbjndodk jfnd`dkh. vnhmhj ig vgrsodk Ųdvjtjk ohoj

u shkji Gvrjpd. thoj d mruemg ijŨ jm hbtdċodl vrgkgbh. d bdig

bhkgrhvhj thoj nhoj mh sg jmrgobg prgvnhstd"

Wbuthr shkg @rovg. thoj. vnhmhnj ig ufgmgbig mh ig

igmdbd bhċdb mh sg suphrbd`d bhm ihċhiu thi mh sg bidljvh

uvgrgbih d rgndedisod jfrgmd. h s bidkh. u stvhrd. d bhibgzbhtbdig

jmstuphbig ojig fd kjenj fh`dtd khohr b hikhbiu sgbou bh

fjŲhbsou ku mrjst + trgtdrhiu ohj igrgs dnd mgnj bgċhstdvjeh"

Ohzbg su fdng strhvdċbg" Jtphmbd`d jm vgrg sphnidvhbd su

05



0< EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ SVQD

bh njkhċhkh bg fd Dd sg svgt tgkgnibj jċdstdj jm bidljvje

prdsustvh" Pvrlh kuċgbih fdnh ig mh sg dz ċjvgoh dstgrh mgkjb

ojid eh jpsgmh. d mh sg bh thi bhċdb Ųrtvd dzfhvd fgskrtbh

muŨh"

H jpgt. uprojs bgspjrbdk d jerjkbdk jphsbjstdkh.

lrdŨąhbsod svgt sg s vrgkgbh bh vrgkg sujċhvhj bg shkjs prgtbijk u vdmu mruedl rgndedih vgą d s igmbdk kjŲmh

pjmkuondidk bgprdihtgnigk9 mruehċdidk slvhthbidkh

jsbjvbdl bhċgnh lrdŨąhbsog vgrg" Igmhb jm u tjk skdsnu

bhijfulvhtbdidl dzhzjvh svhohoj su prgmsthvnihnd ohthrd.

vgrsoh sgoth ojih sg pjihvdnh joj 88=0" ejmdbg u jfnhstd

Nhbemjo. bh iuejzhphmu mhbhŨbig Arhb`usog" Jmhtng

sg ohthrstvj Ũdrdnj pj ţphbdid. Fgnedid. Dthndid d zhphmbji

Bgkhċoji. d u svdk tdk mgnjvdkh zhphmbg Gvrjpg pustdnj ig

Ųdnhvg ojrgbg vgą mj pjnjvdbg \DDD vgoh"

Vhikjb Q. erja jm ]unuzh. dstupdj ig s igmbdk zbhtbjkhbig strpnidvdk d jsgtbj jŨtrdidk bhċdbjk rhzrhċubhvhbih

s ohthrdkh" Ejmdbg 8855" e rja ig zhtrhŲdj jm JpŨtge shfjrh

`dstgr`dtsoje kjbhŨoje rgmh pjkją u fjrfd prjtdv ohthrh

ojidkh ig. ohoj ig rgohj Vhikjb. u tjk ċhsu shkj khnj

bgmjsthihnj ph mh prguzku vnhst bhm bigejvdk pjsgmdkh u

Nhbemjou" @dstgr`dtdkh sg uċdbdnj mh dkhiu prhvje ċjvgoh

zh thi pjshj + Hbrdih jm Khrsdih" Bgohmh d shk `dstgr`dtsod

jpht. Hbrd sg mrŲhj tvrmjojrbdl sthbjvdŨth joj tjeh ohoj

trgfh snhkhtd igrgs d igrgtdog9 nhtdtd sg jruŲih d bgkdnjsrmbj dl

prjejbdtd. mjong ejm zh tdk pjstjid pjtrgfh" Bhrgmbg. 885<"

ejmdbg. `dstgr`dtd su eh pjsnhnd u Nhbemjo bh ċgnu prjfrhbje

phpsoje pjsnhbstvh u ojigk sg bhŨnj kgsth d zh igmbje

ohrmdbhnh. igmbje fdsouph d mvjid`u bhmfdsouph"

LrdŨąhbsod svgt sg s vrgkgbh bh

vrgkg sujċhvhj bg shkj s prgtbijk

u vdmu mruedl rgndedih vgą d s igmbdk

kjŲmh pjmkuondidk bgprdihtgnigk9

mruehċdidk slvhthbidkh jsbjvbdl

bhċgnh l rdŨąhbsog vgrg"

SVQG SVGSVGOGHbrd ig. kjŲgfdtd. fdj uvgrgb mh ig bigejvj rgŨgbig prjstj

d igmbjsthvbj. hnd ig ufrzj uvdmgj mh ig zhmhtho ojid ku

ig pjvgrgb zbhtbj snj Ųgbdid bgej Ũtj ku sg tj u prvd khl

uċdbdnj" Ohthrd su fdnd vdsjoj `gbigbd u Nhbemjou. ph

bhrjmu. pngkdądkh ojid su sthbjvbdŨtvjk uprhvnihnd. h bd

kgsbdk fdsoupdkh bdig fdnj pj vjnid ohm sg pjihvdj bgoj sh

strhbg vjnihb mh dk urgmuig Ųdvjt" Hbrd ig. stjeh. pjsthvdj

sgfd prvd zhmhtho9 mh rhzjfruċd prstgb pjmrŨog. ti" uonjbd

niumg ojid su ohthrdkh pjkhehnd" Bh vrlu ndstg ufrzj sg

bhŨhj jtphmbdo VjŲg DD jm ]rgbohvgnh. vdojbt ohrohsjbsod.

Bgohmh d shk `dstgr`dtsod jpht. Hbrd

sg mrŲhj tvrmjojrbdl sthbjvdŨth ohmh

ig rgċ j tjkg ohoj trgfh snhkhtd igrgs

d igrgtdog""" mjong ejm zh tdk pjstjid

pjtrgfh"

Shph Dbjągbt d ig D D D i g 8634" jmjfr dj rhm Qrljvbji uprhv d

a rhb i gvhċo je rgmh " W p rhvh i g us he n hs d nh jsbjvbh p rhv d nh

k j bhŨoje Ų d vj th . ohj Ũ tj su zhvg t d bh pjs n uŨbjs t . ċgmbjs t d

s d r j k h Ũ t v j "



EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HV D. MGJ SVQD 04

OH]HVD SVJ]DQ OH]JNDOH

Vdksog phpg su jm pjċgtoh ohthrg skhtrhnd igrgtd`dkh. h

bidljvu vgru jphsbjk d pjmrdvhċojk" Bdig. stjeh. bdohovj

ċumj Ũtj dl ig Ũdrgbig ohthrstvh u tji kgrd uzbgkdrhvhnj"

Ohthrstvj ig. prg svgeh. fdnj ‒muhndstdċoh& rgndedih. sndċbh

dstjċbdk vgrhkh pjput zjrjhstrdzkh. bhsthnje bh tnu

bgohmhŨbig Sgrsdig ,mhbhŨbid Drhb$" Ohthrd su skhtrhnd mh

ig jvhi svgt zhj d mh eh ig stvjrdj shthbh" Phthbu su pho

pjdstjvgądvhnd sh sthrjzhvgtbdk Fjejk. Ũtj ig prgmsthvnihnj

bgzhkdsndvj fjejlunigbig u jċdkh ..prhvdl„ lrdŨąhbh"Niumsoh fdąh + tvrmdnd su ohthrd + prjnhzg orjz ċdthv bdz

rgdbohrbh`dih prg bgej Ũtj sg pjihvg u jfndou ċdstje mulh.

ojid prgmsthvnih prdsustvj Fjeh niufhvd. j ċgku. ujsthnjk.

u Bjvjk zhvgtu ejvjrd Bigejv enhsbdo. Dsus Lrdst"

Ohthrd su sthihnd bh mdihkgtrhnbj suprjtbjk sthbjvdŨtu u

jmbjsu bh ohtjndċoj uċgbig d skhtrhnd su Vdksou `rovu

bgkjrhnbjk d dsovhrgbjk. ohoj u muljvbjk. thoj d u

pjndtdċojk pjengmu"

Sj prdrjmd stvhrd. ubuthr @rovg su thovg dmgig. ojig su

frohng unjeg Fjeh d shthbg. usorhąuiuąd Dsusu prvgbstvj +

Bh jvj i s n d` d Arh HbĘgn d oh ,8047+8=<7$ prgmsthv n igbj ig tzv "

ċumj s ob i dehkh" Mjkdb dohbsog d oh thrsog ob i deg pjfh`hbg

su u jehbi " Mjkdb dohbsog bgo dk ċumjk bg ejrg. mjo p nhkgb

euth o hthrso g igrg t d ċog ob i deg" Pvgtd Mjk db do ,bh s n d ` d ngvj. sh

jrgj njk$ pr d ohzhb ig u ċhsu ohm pr dkh bhtrhe bgjŨtgągbu ob i deu"

mjŲdvnihvhbg ohj svgtjermg" @rovh ig. stjeh. kjrhnh mh dl

dsojrgbd" Shph Gvegbdig DDD. bgohmhŨbid `dstgr` dtsod kjbhl.

‒fgzhzngb d prjstjmuŨhb&. ohoj eh ig jpdshj bigejv prdihtgnisv" Fgrbhr jm Ongrvjh. pjsthvdj ig 88=5" ejmdbg. mvg ejmdbg

pjsng dzfjrh bh muŲbjst. dstrgfnidvhbig ohthrsog vgrg ohj

prdjrdtgthb zhmhtho" Sjohzhj sg. kgmutdk. prgvdsg kgohb

zh thohv pjmulvht" DzvrŨdvŨd fnhe prdtdsho bh ohthrg bg fd

nd dl prgjfrhtdj u rdkjohtjndċhbstvj. ufrzj ig uvdmgj mh

su jbd dzrhzdtj svjigenhvd d mh thohv prgmnje jmfdihiu ċho d

mh uzku u rhzkhtrhbig" Fgrbhr jm Ongrvjh ig. u svjistvu

zhstupbdoh phpg Gvegbdih. uspgj mh prgjfrhtd bgojndoj

ohthrh. hnd tj bdig fdnj bd dzfndzh mjvjnibj mh sg pjstdebg

zh`rthb d dni + ehŨgbig ohthrsog sgotg"



=3 EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ SVQD

Shph Dbjągb t d i g D D D p r d ohzhb i g bh jvj i ru ojp d sbj i d n us t rh` d i d d z

s rgmb i ge vgoh u ċhsu ohm gosojk ub d ` d rh H n f d Ųhbg . ohoj su

egbgrh n bj b hz dvhb d sv d i g rg t d ` d "

ojid ig 885 7" ejmdbg. pjsng rhsprhvg joj prhvh bh uprhvu bhm

erhmjk Hnfdigk d. pjsngmdċbj. vrljvbjk vnhŨąu u tji jfnhstd.

zhtjċdj Qdndigkh. fdsouph jm Hnfdih"

Hbrd sg frzj jthrhsdj VjŲgh. d tj thoj Ũtj eh ig prvjprjenhsdj zh igrgtdoh. h pjtjk d gosojkubd`drhj" Fdnj ig tj

mjvjnibj mh VjŲgh ufgmd ohoj fd kumrj fdnj pustdtd fdsouph

hnfdŲhbsoje bh snjfjmu. hnd tj dpho bdig fdj orhi jvg prdpjvgstd"

Ejmdbg 8854" VjŲg ig bhvuohj bh sgfg ebgv bhmfdsouph

bhrfjbsoje. S jbsh jm Hrzhoh. ojid ig prgtljmbg ejmdbg.

dbhċg. fdj u shsthvu pjsnhbstvh bh ċdigk sg ċgnu bhŨhj Hbrd jm

Khrsdih" Bhmfdsoup ig jptuŲdj VjŲgh mh ku bgmjsthig pjngth

u fjrfd prjtdv igrgsd. ph eh ig pjbjvj gosojkubd`drhj"

Mvg ejmdbg ohsbdig ,88<8$ Hbrd jm Khrsdih vrhtdj sg u

Nhbemjo" Jvjeh puth prdprgkdj sg mh bhphmbg zhkho Nhvjr.hnd bdig fdnj pjtrgfg mh prjndvh orv. pjŨtj ku sg suprueh

VjŲgh DD. Hmgnhdmh. prgmhnh fgz jtpjrh" ]jk prdndojk Hbrd ig



EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ SVQD =8

Q H ] D O H B P O D V G Ď B D O

G O P O J K W B D O H @ D I H

Gosojkubd`drhtd bgojeh zbhċd dzfh`dtd eh dz lrdŨąhbsog

zhigmbd`g" Muej ig tj fdnh bhiejrh ohzbh ojih ig kjenh mh zhmgsd ċjvgoh. fumuąd mh ku ig usorhądvhnh d zhŨtdtu

ojiu @rovh pruŲh d svhod mjmdr sh `rovgbdk Ųdvjtjk"

Gosojkubdoh`dijk su. pjrgm jsthndl prgstuph. ohŲbihvhbd

hpjsthzh ,jmrd`hbig jm lrdŨąhbsodl vgrjvhbih$. igrgs. Ũdzkh

,pjmgnh ubuthr @rovg$. ndċbd bhphm bh phpu. dnd dzvjĘgbig

pjfhċhih" Jvh ohzbh prgtdnh ig d svdkh ojid fd ruojpjnjŲdnd

jsjfu Ųgbsoje pjnh"

Wsrgmbijvgojvbj mjfh Vdkjohtjndċoh `rovh skhtrhnh ig

mh ig gosojkubd` drhbd ċ jvgo dnd vdthbmus ,jbhi ojeh sg trgfh

onjbdtd d dzfgehvhtd eh$ dnd tjngrhtus ,Ũtj ąg rgąd. jbhi ojkg ig mjzvjnigbj mh jmrŲhvh mruŨtvgbg dnd pjsnjvbg jmbjsg s mruedk

ohtjnd dkh$" ]jngrhtusu thojĘg bdig fdnj usorhągbj prhvj

mh prdsustvuig kdsd. hnd igstg prhvj bh svgtu prdċgst. jfrgm

ojidk sg snhvd ]hibh vgċgrh" Phk jfrgm gosojkubdoh`dig fdj

ig mrhkhtdċhb d zhst rhŨuiuą d" Jenhsd nj fd sg zvj bj . ohj mh

ig gosojkubd`drhbd prgkdbuj. ob id eu igvhb mgn ih fd so nj pd nd .

hsvgąu uehsdnd" H jpgt. gosojkubdoh`dih bdig buŲbj fdnh d

mjŲdvjtbh" Wojndoj fd sg jordvnigbd ihvbj pjohihj. kjehj ig mh

vrhtd sthtus pubjprhvbje ċnhb h ` rov gbg zhigmb d`g"

Bhmfdsoup ig jptuŲdj VjŲgh mh ku

bgmjsthig pjngth u fjrfd prjtdv igrgsd.

ph eh ig pjbjvj gosojk ubd`drhj"

zhrjfdj d mvh ohthrsoh prgagoth. dsouŨgbdoh ojid su u ohthrsojivgrd derhnd unjeu ‒svgŨtgbdoh& pjtpubj prgmhbdl sdrjkhŨtvu.

fgspjrjċbjstd d bgŲgbstvu"

Hbrdigv uspgl ig. uprojs tjndodk bhpjrdkh. fdj tgo

mgndkdċhb" Dspjsthvdnj sg. bhdkg. mh su ohthrd dzrhzdtj tvrm

jrhl. h d mh bg jfrhąhiu bhrjċdtu phŲbiu bh tj ohoj ąg sg

prgkh bidkh jmbjsdtd @rovh" Dbjągbtdig DDD. dzhfrhb zh phpu

884<" ejmdbg. vgą bgodl pgt+Ũgst ejmdbh ohsbdig pjsthj ig u tji

kgrd pjmjzrdv mh ig jtvjrgbj suk bihj ohoj kbjed fdsoupd

ądih sg sgmdŨth bhnhzg bh arhb`usojk iueu zhprhvj shrhmuiu

s ohthrdkh" Jmhbdid. pjuzmhbdid zhejvjrbd`d zvhbdċbg @rovg.

kgmu ojidkh d Ũphbsod svgŨtgbdo Mjkdbdo mg Euzkhb

,pjtjbid svgtd Mjkdbdo$. zhuzgnd su 863=" ejmdbg pjnjŲhig

jmk gtbutdl fdsouph" Mjkdbdo sg jmkhl upustdj u Ųusthr

pjmulvht pjorŨthvhbih pj Nhbemjou. hnd fgz jfzdrh bh shv

bigejv Ųhr. pjstdehj ig. ruou bh sr`g. khnj tjeh" Khnjfrjibd

vgrbd`d ojig ig dz ohthrstvh uspgj mh prgvgmg pjm jordnig

zvhbdċbg @rovg fdnd su zhdsth ihmbh bherhmh zh tjndod trum.

prd ċgku vhnih bhpjkgbutd mh ig Mjkdbdo uċgstvjvhj ufrjibdk ohthrsoj+ohtjndċodk vgrsodk rhsprhvhkh uprdndċgbdk

u rhzbdk vhrjŨdkh d erhmjvdkh" Wprojs svgku. suŨtdbsog

vrgmbjstd ohthrstvh jsthng su bgthobutg" @ho ig d Mjkdbdou

Dspjsthvdnj sg mh su ohthrd vgjkh tvrm

jrhl. h d mh bg jfrhąhiu phŲbiu bh tj

ohoj ąg sg prgkh bidkh jmbjsdtd @rovh"

fdnj ihsbj zfje ċgeh ig thoj9 igmdbj jbd kgmu rdkjohtjnd`dkh

ojid su zhdsth mjstdzhnd ohthrg u svgtjstd. soruŨgbjstd d

hsogtdzku kjend su sg ujpŨtg d bhmhtd mh ąg ohthrdkh kjŲmh

uspgtd mh ushmg bjvu kdshj j vgrd"

VGM AVH]HVH SVJSJQGMBDOHMh fd jmejvjrdj zhltgvdkh tje jerjkbje pjmulvhth.

Mjk dbdo ig 8681" jsbjvhj Vgm arhthrh prjpjvgmbdoh.

pjzbhtdid ohj mjkdbdohbsod rgm. ċdid su prdphmbd`d fdndpjsvgągbd prjpjvgmhbiu igvhbĘgnih d sphshvhbiu muŨh ohthrh

d jsthndl igrgtdoh" M jkdbdo ig jvhoj fgsgmdj k jbhsdkh ojid

fd prdstuphnd rgmu9

Bh Ųhr sg kjrh uzvrhtdtd Ųhrjk. bh pjbdzbjst pjbdzbjŨąu.bh nh dbu svgtjst svgtjŨąu dstdbsojk. bh prjpjvgmhbig nhŲd

+ prjpjvgmhbigk dstdbg"

Ohj d ohthrd + ufgmgb ig fdj Mjkdbdo + d bigejvd kjbhsd

kjrhnd fd mh sg onjbg svdl khtgrdihnbdl fnheh. mh Ųdvg u

sdrjkhŨtvu s bhikhbidk kjeuądk dkgtojk. mh fjsd ljmg

mrukjvdkh d prjŨbijk mjnhzg mj lrhbg" Sjrgm tjeh. jbd

kjrhiu Ųdvgtd u `gndfhtu d. ujpŨtg. vjmdtd igmhb strjej

fgspjrjċhb Ųdvjt" Mjkdbdo ig fdj ċvrstj ufgmgb mh ig thohv

bhċdb Ųdvjth. s bhenhsojk bh soruŨgbjst d pjŲrtvjvhbig.

prhvd bhċdb mh sg ohthrd prdmjfdiu d vrhtg pjm jordnig Vdksog

`rovg"

Hnd Mjkdbdoh su u jvjk bhuku prgmuldtrdnd" Bgoj

prjfdthċbdid d orvjŲgmbdid jm bigeh vgą ig fdj prdfgehj

rgŨgbiu ojig Mjkdbdo. pj prdrjmd kdrjniufdv. bdig bd uzdkhj

u rhzkhtrhbig" Sjsng mgsgt ejmdbh jmnuċbje jtpjrh. vgądbh

ohthrh ijŨ vdsg ig bgej rhbdig prgzdrhnh Ohtjndċou `rovu d fdnh




uvgrgbh u bigbu znu prdrjmu" Shph Dbjągbtdig DDD ojbhċb j ig

dzeufdj strpnigbig d jmnuċdj mh pjkgrd stvhrd s krtvg thċog"

W prjngąg 8635" ejmdbg pjsnhj ig phpsoje ngehth Sigrh jm

Ohstgnbjh. hrldmhojbh jm Khegnjbh. u Srjvhbsu d bhnjŲdj

thk jŨbigk pngkstvu mh sg hotdvbj uoniuċd u prjejb ohthrh.

Igvrgih d svdl j sth ndl prjtdvbdoh vgrg bh ojig usput bhdmu"Sigr jm Ohstgnbjh sg jm shkje pjċgtoh susrgj sh

jmnuċbdk jtpjrjk" Erja Vhikjb QD jm ]unuzh. sdb

Vhikjbh Q d bhik jąbdid vgnkjŲh Nhbemjoh. fdj ig vrnj fndzho

ohthrdkh. d jmfdj ig shrhmbiu" Kbjed Vhikjbjvd prdihtgnid.

rjmh`d. pngkdąd d shvgzbd`d fdnd su prdvrŲgbd ohthrsoji vgrd.

Shph Dbjągbtdig DDD""" pjsnhj ig phpsoje

ngehth Sigrh jm Ohstgnbjh. hrldmhojbh

jm Khegnjbh. u Srjvhbsu d bhnjŲdj

thkjŨbigk pngkstvu mh sg uoniuċd

u hotdvhb prjejb ohthrh. Igvrgih

d svdl jsthndl prjtdvbdoh vgrg bh ojig

usput bhdmu"

thoj mh sg jb bdig bd pjtrumdj mh shordig bhonjbjst ojiu ig jsgąhj prgkh tdk niumdkh" Vh ik jb ig. ŨthvdŨg. pjċgj

rgmjvbj mh putuig u prhtbid ohthrsoje prgagoth" Ohm su

vgstd j Vhikjbjvji bgpjsnuŨbjstd stdeng mj Ohstgnbjh. jvhi

ig + sngmgąd. zhprhvj. bhrgmgbig shk je phpg Dbją gb td ih DDD +

dstjeh ċhsh gosojk ubd`drhj erjah d. pj sthrdbsojk `rovgbjk

jfdċhiu. fh`dj bh bigeh hbhtgku" ‒Jbhi ojid td jmuzkg Ũtj

dkhŨ. skhtrhąg sg vrndbd jmhbdk(&. erkgj ig Ohstgnbj" ‒Jbhi

Ũtj td Ųdvjt uzkg. fnhejsnjv ąg stgąd(&

Vhikjb bdig fdj bhċdbigb jm bhrjċdtj tvrmg erhmg +

fjnid ig fdj u sordvhbiu. bgej u jtvjrgbjk projŨgbiu + ph ig. jċdengmbj upnhŨgb. jmstupdj d jf gąhj mh ąg sg d shk

prdoniuċdtd prjejbu ohthrh. ohj Ũtj ig d trhŲgbj" Ohstgnbj ku

ig. pj svgku sumgąd. pjvgrjvhj" Bgojndoj bgmgnih ohsbdig

ihvbj ig jprjstdj Vhikjbu d vrhtdj ku svh prhvh ojih su ku

ohj lrdŨąhbdbu prdphmhnh" Ohstgnbj ig. k gĘutdk. pjergŨdj u

prj`gbd9 Vhikjb QD fdj ig rjĘgbd nhŲjv ojid ąg pjehzdtd mhtu

Ď umj s ob i d ehk h . ohmh su oh th rsog ob i d eg d zej rg n g . mjo su jbg

oh tj n d ċog . oj i g su p r d phmh n g svg tjk M jk d b d ou . js th n g bgjŨ tgągbg

p n h k g b j k + p j z b h tj i g d o hj ‒ ċ u m j u A h b Ų g u „ . p j v h rj Ũ d u Nhbemjou emg sg tj jm d e rh n j " J vhi mjehĘh i jvgojvgċ d j i g d Ũphbso d

s n d oh r Sgm rj Fg rueg tg ,joj 8=73 +873= $ "

rgċ m k ku sg zh tj uohŲg prdndoh" Jvjeh puth. kgmutdk.

jprgmgndj sg zh bjvu thotdou9 bdig prgmuzdkhj bdŨth"

Kjrhnj ig mh prjmg bgojndoj sgmkd`h ph mh sg zh tj

bigejvj ‒bgmbigbig& shzbh. h thmh sg Sigr jm Ohstgnbjh sdnbj

rhzfgsbgj bh Vhikjbh" Jvhi ig jptuŲgb mh bg prgmuzdkh

bdŨth prjtdv igrgsd u Nhbemjou. mh orhmg `rovgbu dkjvdbu.vrgĘh fdsoupg d jphtg. d pjmrŲhvh ohthrg" Bh orhiu tdrhmg

Ohstgnbj ig ijŨ igmbjk gosojkubd`drhj Vhikjbh" Jvhi

ig pjouŨhj mh dzbumd prgejvjrg ohoj fd sg dzvuohj dz

fgzdznhzbg sdtuh`dig. hnd su sg d prgejvjrd dzihnjvdnd. h erja

ig thm pjċgj mh prgtd d vrgmh. d tj u prdsustvu vgąge frjih

svgmjoh ojid su ohsbdig j svgku pjthboj dzvgstdnd phpu

Dbjągbtdih u Vdku"

PKV] SIGVH JM OHP]GNBJH

Mdihnje ig fgspjvrhtbj jfusthvnigb 80" ihbuhrh 863<" ejmdbg.d Sigr jm Ohstgnbjh sg s prhtbijk zhputdj bhtrhe oh Vdku"

Putrhmhb su putbd`d stdend u Hrn d jmihlhnd mj prdsthbdŨth. s

bhkgrjk mh sg uor`hiu bh frjmdą ojid ąg dl prgvgstd prgoj




Vhikjb QD. erja tunusod . fdj ig prdk jrhb bh ihv bu pj oj ru zfje

ufdstvh Sigrh jm Ohstgnbjh"

rgog Vjbg" Ohstgnbj sg. kgmutdk. bdig dsor`hj bh mrueu jfhnu"

Srg bgej Ũtj su niumd dz bigejvg svdtg stdend mh ku prdtgobu u

pjkją. bgzbhbd ojbihbdo mjiurdj ig jmbgoum u ehnjpu d ufdj

Ohstgnbjh igmbdk igmdbdk ufjmjk khċh u ngmh"

Ohsbdig sg ejvjrohnj mh ig ufd`h bgod vdtgz u snuŲfd erjah

tunusoje" Vhikjb ig Ųdvj pjrd`hj fdnj ohovu ukgŨhbjst. mh fd

uiubu 8634" mjfrjvjnibj pjmbgj ihvbj fdċgvhbig ohj pjojru

zh mgnj ojig ig pjċdbdj bgoj mrued" SjŨtj ig ohŲbigb. erja

ig + jbhoj dsprgfdihb. orvhv d rhbihv + kjrhj mh sg pjonjbd

prgm erjfjk Sigrh jm Ohstgnbjh. ojid ig vgą fdj pjbgj zvhbig

fnhejsnjvgbje kuċgbdoh" Fdnj ohoj fdnj. Vhikjbjvj dkg d

mhnig ig fdnj prvj bh ndstd jsukbidċgbdl. ph ig shkdk tdk jb d

mhnig fdj u bgkdnjstd" Wfdstvj Sigrh jm Ohstgnbjh bdohmh bdig

rhzrgŨgbj" Bgvdb dnd ordv. erja Vhikjb sg pjfubdj prgohsbj"""

Bgojndoj bgmgnih pjsng ufdstvh. bhdkg. phph Dbjągbtdig DDD

ojbhċbj ig dzeufdj d jbj khnj strpnigbih Ũtj ku ig jsthnj.

jmrgohj sg mdpnjk htdig d pjzvhj bh orsthŨod rht" Fdj ig tj

thojzvhbd HnfdŲhbsod orsthŨod rht. bhzvhb pj erhmdąu Hnfd.

upjrdŨtu ohthrh u Nhbemjou" W tj k pjzdvu bh jruŲig

Bgzbhbd ojbihbdo jmbgoum ig mjiurdj u ehnjpu d ufdj Ohstgnbjh igmbdk

igmdbdk ufjmjk khċh u ngmh"

Vhikjb ]unusod vdmgj ig Ũhbsu mh ojbhċbj ufgmd phpu u

svjiu dsorgbu jmhbjst rdkjohtjndċhbstvu" Ptjeh ig bh shv

enhs pjrumvhj ohoj bhkgrhvh mh prjejbd igrgtdog d mh ohzbd

svg ojid ohthrdkh pruŲhiu pjkją d pjmrŨou. ohj d ohthrsog

svgŨtgbdog" Pvg ig tj fdnj Ũhrgbh nhŲh" Vhikjbu pjohihbig bdig

phmhnj bh phkgt? dsoniumvj dz pjndtdċodl pjfumh sthj ig jb uz



== EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ SVQD

mgsgtdbg ldnihmh vdtgzjvh ojid su sg bh phpdb pjzdv joupdnd u

Ndjbu. u dstjċbji Arhb`usoji. prd ċgku ig svhod jm bidl mjŨhj

sh sjpstvgbjk svdtjk shsthvnigbjk jm pgŨhmdbh`h. strgnh`h.

ojbiuŨhrh d jsthndl pjsdnbdl" Yhpjvgmbdo tdk vdtgzjvdkh fdj

ig prgtpjsthvnigb d strhmhnje Sigrh jm Ohstgnbjh. fdsoup Hrbj

Hkjrd. `dstg r`dtsod jpht dz Pdtjh. ojeh ig bh jvu muŲbjst

Sigr jm Ohstg nbjh. ngeht p hpg Dbjągbt d ih D DD . sv d rgpj ig uf d igb ihbu hrh

863<" Bhphmhċ eh ig prjfurhz dj khċgk s ngmh. h bg ojp n igk

sprgmh. ohoj ig jvmg pr d ohzhbj"

pjsthvdj phph ndċbj" Sj bhrhvd bgkdnjsrmhb d sonjb jmkhzmd.

Hkjrd ig fdj prhvd ċjvgo zh zhmhtho ojid ku ig pjsthvdj

Dbjągbtdig9 mh dsojrgbd ohthrg igmbjk zhsvhemh" Pgk tjeh Ũtj

ig Ųdvgj zh jsvgtu d bd ig zbhj zh kdnjst. Hkjrd ig fdj ċvrstj

rgŨgb mh dstrgfd ohthrg bhijorutbdidk kjeuądk srgmstvdkh

ojih su ku fdnh bh rhspjnhehbiu"Yhigmbj s vdtgzjvdkh. pnhągbd`dkh ojid su d dbhċg ċdbdnd

vgądbu fgzkhnj svdl agumhnbdl vjisod. hnfdŲhbsod orsthŨd fdnd

su tjndoj frj ibd mh ig ojnjbh. ohm ig orgbunh bh iuejzhphm d

uŨnh u Nhbemjo. fdnh muehċoh prgoj Ũgst odnjkgthrh" Pvhojk




..8ND PG JMVG@D VHPOMţD. LD ] J E H ţ ] J SVJSJQGMHP(&

Hrbj Hk jr d . ` d s tg r` d t so d

k jbhl . pjvgj i g o rs thŨo d

pjljm oj i d i g mjvgj mj s n jk h

i g r g t d o h u iu Ųb j i Ar hb ` u s o j i"

Qrnj ig kjeuąg mh su gostrgkbg kgrg oji dkh ig u fjrfd

prjtdv ohthrh prdfgehj Hrbj Hkjrd. fdsoup Pdtjh d vjibdzhpjvgmbdo HnfdŲhbsoje orsthŨoje pjljmh. prgmsthvnihng

jmkhzmu zh pjbdŲhvhiuąd trgtkhb bh ojid ig Hkjrd

bhdŨhj prdndojk jmnhsoh u Nhbemjo ohmh ig. fhŨ ohj d

svgtd Mjkdbdo d sv" Fgrbhr jm Ongrvjh prg bigeh. pjouŨhj

kdrbdk putgk mh ufgmd ohthrg mh sg jmrgobu svjidlvgrjvhbih" Ohoj sg bhvjmd u Sgskd j ohthrsodk rhtjvdkh.

prdpjvgstd j zfdvhbidkh bh iueu mhbhŨbig Arhb`usog u

vrgkgbsojk rhspjbu jm 863=" mj 868<" ejmdbg. ohthrd

su Hkjrdih dzvrend ruenu d

jtgrhnd eh ohj pjsngmbiu

fumhnu" ‒Jpgt mjŨnh jbh

pċgnh. ph zuid nd zuid„.

ejvjrdnd su mjo dk ig Hkjrd

prjpjvgmhj" Ohthrd d bidljvd

prgagotd ,sjvrŨdtgnid$ fdnd su.rhzukg sg. jmhbd Ųdvjtu u

jsoumd`d d hsogzd. d prgzdrhnd

su rhsojŨ d uehmhbig

sjpstvgbdk ċundkh" P mrueg

strhbg. Hrbj Hk jrd ig. ohj

d tjndod mrued svgŨtgbd`d s

pjċgtoh trdbhgstje vgoh.

Ųdvgj ohj prhvd rhzkgtnidvh`

d lgmjbdsth. h prdtjk ig

bhċdbdj jzfdnibu ergŨoupjihvdvŨd sg prgm ohthrdkh

u bhirhsojŨbdiji jmjrd" Gvj

Ũth ig s tdk u vgzd 8571"

ejmdbg zhfgngŲdj arhb`usod

pdsh` Qjntgr u svjk mgnu

J orsthŨojk pjljmu prjtdv

bhrjmh Nhbemjoh9‒Jpht dz Pdtjh pjihvdj

sg sh svdtjk. ohj ohohv

prdb`" Yhnum ig jb fgsgmdjohj hpjstjn. igr niumd ku

mjvdodvhlu9 “Dnd sg jmrg`d

tg rhsojŨd. dnd tjeh Ũtj

prjpjvgmhŨ(—„




ċjvgou pjbhjsjf fdng su jfgąhbg fhsbjsnjvbg bherhmg + pub

jprjŨthi ergljvh. uodmhbig ndċbdl muejvh d Pnjfjmhb prdstup

`rovgbdk ajbmjvdkh. dz ojidl ąg kjąd mj kdng vjnig mh bhpubg

Hkjrd ig fdj prhvd ċjvgo zh zhmhtho ojid ku ig pjsthvdj Dbjągbtdig""" Żdvgj

ig zh jsvgtu. bdig zbhj zh kdnjst d

fdj ig ċvrstj rgŨgb mh dstrgfd ohthrg

bhijorutbdidk kjeuądk srgmstvdkh

ojih su ku sthihnh bh rhspjnhehbiu"

uojndoj bg prdsthbu mh dspubg jvhi usnjv. vgą ojndoj sutrhmhb

bhąd pjm jpshmjk" Erhmsod j`d su. kgmutdk. jmfdnd mh dzruċg

digmbje ohthrh. fdj tj prgagot dnd svgigmbj ojid. h jbmh su +

hoj ig vgrjvhtd igmbjk lrjbdċhru + jvhoj rgond fdsoupu9

‒Vhmdig fdskj sg pjmhvdnd u snhbjkg kjru"&

ĎuvŨd tj. fdsoup sg pjpgj bh khzeu d vrhtdj sg u orsthŨodthfjr. umhnigb mhb ljmh jm Fgzdigrh" H sutrhmhb. 66" iunh

8634" ejmdbg. Ųdtgnig Fgzdigrh mjċgohj ig jfgslrhfruiuąd

prdzjr" OrsthŨoh vjisoh prdŨnh ig vhrjŨd d prgsgndnh thfjr. thoj

mh ig jb shmh sh svdl strhbh jpojnihvhj erhmsog zdmdbg" Mjong

ejm ig pjengm dz Fgzdigrh sgzhj. vdmgnd su sg shkj Ũhtjrd.

ojbid. njejrsog vhtrg. stgejvd. zhsthvd`g. jpshmbg bhprhvg d

jtk gbd ċhmj rd + phvdnijbd u ojidkh su fdnd skgŨtgb d bhivdŨd

orsthŨod uengmbd`d"

Bhigmbjk. bh kjstu prgoj rgog Jrf. bgmhngoj jm iuŲbdl

mŲgpjvg"‒VHMDIG FDPKJ PG SJMHQDND„OrsthŨoh vjisoh thoj ig stdenh mj svje prvje jmrgmdŨth.

Fgzdigrh. mjfrj utvrmgbje erhmh bh rg`d Jrf. u iuejzhphmbji

Arhb`usoji" Fdnj ig tj orhigk iunh 8634" PthbjvbdŨtvj bdig

Ųgngnj mh sg pjojrd" Fdnd ohthrd dnd ohtjnd`d. Ųdtgnid Fgzdigrh bdsu

dkhnd bhkgru mh dzhĘu u susrgt zhltgvdkh orsthŨog vjisog.

kh ohovd jbd fdnd" Ptdehj ig fdsoup fgzdigrsod d erhmsodk

j`dkh dspjsthvdj spdsho sh dkgbdkh 666 ohthrsoh prgagoth

ojig ig trgfhnj dzruċdtd dstjeh ċhsh. prdprgtdvŨd mh ąg sg erhm.

H n f d Ųhbso d o rs thŨ d s rhvb d n d su 8634 "

sh zgkn ijk erhm dą Fgz d ig r " Bh jvj i

s n d ` d v d m d k j ohoj jvj k gs tj d ze n gmh

mhbhs . s oh tgm rh n jk u pjzhm d b d"




fgmgkh fgzdigrsodl. pjihvdj sg bgod ushknigbd orsthŨ d pjċgj

mh mjvdouig svhojihog uvrgmg d prgtbig bhrjmu ojid ig sthihj

bh zdmdbhkh" Ejkdnh knhmdąh. jrbdl zh fjrfu. bh tj sg nhtdnh

ojphnih. Ũthpjvh d jsthnje dkprjvdzjvhbje jruŲih ojig dk sg

bhŨnj prd ru`d. ph pjldthnh prgkh vhrjŨoji ohpdid d siurdnh sg

mj rgog" Wshknigbd orsthŨ bdig stdehj mh utgobg? ulvhtdnd su

eh. fh`dnd bh zgkniu d dsprgfdihnd bh krtvj dkg" H jbmh su eh

fh`dnd s kjsth. u kutbu vjmu rgog Jrf"

Hnd thoj rhspjkhknigbd. fgzdigrsod knhmdąd bhċdbdnd su

bhiejru kjeuąu ergŨou jsthvdvŨd vhrjŨou ohpdiu jtvjrgbu"

Hjbh ohj mh ig mjzdvhnh orsthŨg. ojid su utj iurbund prgoj

pjorgtbje kjsth d dzfdnd u usog und`g" Dzbgbhmgbd. frhbdtgnid

sufrŲg+fjnig pjċgnd mh sg pjvnhċg. kjŲmh sg bhmhiuąd mh

ąg uspgtd mh stvjrg jmejvhrhiuąg rhstjihbig dzkgmu bidl d

bhphmhċh. ohoj fd zfdnd rgmjvg d orgbund u prjtdvbhphm" Hnd tj

ig thm fdnj bgdzvjmnidvj"SrgŲdvgndl u bhphmu bh Fgzdigr bdig fdnj. d Hkjrdigvg

orsthŨg ig. pjŨtj su pjfdnd shv Ųdvhni. ċgohj bjvd zhmhtho + mh


D B ] G V M D O ]

Gosojk ubdoh` d ih ċ d thvg igmbg vhrjŨ d . erhmh. h nd d jorueh. ph

ċho d ċ d thv dl zgkhn ih bhz dvhbh ig ‒s thv n ihb ig pjm db tgrm do t& " W

prhos d ig tj zbhċ d nj mh b d ig kjenj f d t d l r d Ũąhbso dl vgbċhbih .

shlrhbh d ` rovgb dl s nuŲf d mjo ig db tgrm do t ,zhfrhbh$ bh

sbhz d . khmh ig shkdk sthbjvb d` dkh f d nj mjzvj n igbj mh sg

d spjvgmhiu d o rs tg mgù" Woj n d oj f d zgkn ih oj ij i ig bhkgtbut

d b tgrm do t f d nh spj n ih bhphmbuth. phph b d ig f dj u jfhvgzd

mh pr d tgobg u pjkją" Sjrgm tjeh. db tgrm do t ig js njfhmhj

pjmhbdog zho ng tvg bh vgrbjst v nhmhjù prjohzhbje erhmh

d n d jfnhstd . Ũtj dk ig mhvhnj zh prhvj mh sg. uojn doj tj Ųgng.

prjt d v b igeh bgohŲb igbj m debu bh fubu"

Orhn igvd . `hrgvd d jsthn d v nhmhrd oji d su svji dk pjstup`dkh

uvrgmd n d Ohtjn dċou `rovu jfdċbj fd prgtrpgn d jvhi vdm

gosojkubdoh` d ig " Mjt d ċb d v nhmh nh` kjrhj ig mh sg pjoh ig

uojn d oj Ųg n d mh ohzbh fu mg pjb dŨ tgbh d mh sg b igejvh zgkn ih

vrhtd u jord n ig ohtjn dċog zhigmbd`g" Wprhvj tj sg. bh prdkgr.

mjejmd nj 8635" ej m dbg ohmh sg gbe ngso d o rh n i Ijvhb fgz

Ygkn ig suprjts thv dj pjsthv n ihb iu ohrm dbh nh Pt d vgbh Nhbetjbh

bh kgstj bhmfdso uph ogbtgrfgr d i soje . dhoj sg zh tj zhnjŲ dj

n d ċbj phph" Ijvhb ig thmh gosojk ubd` d rhb. h Gbengsoh ig

pjm dbtgrmdotjk fd nh mj 8686" ejmdbg. ohmh ig orhn i bhizhm

pjpustdj d prdsthj mh Nhbetjb mjĘg u Ogbtgrfgrd " Sjsng tjeh

d b tgrm do t ig uo dbut "

pjlhrhiu d jpnihċohiu prhzbg mjkjvg erhmhbh Fgzdigrh" H

fdnh ig tj fjehth vhrjŨ. d jsvhihċdkh ig bumdnh rhzbjvrsbu

njvdbu" Arhbùsod vdtgzjvd kgmu Hkjrdigvdk niumdkh

skhtrhnd su mh ąg dkhtd prvgbstvj ohm mjmg mj jtdkhċdbg.

Ejkdnh knhmdąh. jrbdl zh fjrfu. nhtdnh sg ojphnih. Ũthpjvh d jsthnje

dkprjvdzjv hbje jruŲih"""

mh fd pjtjk. jbgkgnd jm fgsh. engmhnd ohoj bgod thkj

snuehbċdąd d pnhągbd`d prvd unhzg u jpustgng ouąg" Lrjbdċhr

Qdndigk jm ]umgng jvhoj ig jpdshj pjtjbih zfdvhbih u

Fgzdigru9

Pnueg. svg knhmd kjk`d. jmkhl su sg usgndng u ouąg ojig su zhuzgng. h svd mjkjvd fglu pubd fnheh d dkgtoh rhzbje hnd



=< EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HV D. MGJ SVQD

F J I B J N W M D N J D S J O J N I

Hkjrdigvg vjibdog bhprgm ig bgukjnidvj ejbdnj jbj Ũtj

su sohbmdbhvsod Qdodbzd svjigvrgkgbj bhzdvhnd fgrsgrogr,fjibj numdnj$. d sgond su svg Ųdvj Ũtj fd sg bidljvdk

khċgvdkh dsprgċdnj bh putu" Wngtgnd su thoj d u `rovu emg

ig uprhvj u tjou fdnj fmgbdig? bh svg strhbg rhzngehnd su sg

ord`d shkrtbje rjp `h d uŲhsh mjo su rhspjk hknigbd niumd

uzhnum pjouŨhvhnd mh pjfgebu" OrsthŨd su bgkdnjsrmbj

sgond. ojsdnd d onhnd bgsrgąbu phstvu svg mjo zh bidkh bdig

jsthnh ejkdnh jorvhvnigbdl ngŨgvh u prjnhzdkh dzkgmu

sgmdŨth" Yhtdk su prgŨnd u @rovu Khrdig Khemhngbg d

thkj pjfdnd svg + d kuŨoj. d Ųgbsoj. d mgù. d ohtjndog d

ohthrg + ojid su sg bhmhnd mh ąg u fjejk jnid bhąd sphs"

Joj 8"333 niumd strhmhnj ig u tji `rovd. d tj u rjou jm

svgeh bgojndoj kdbuth. pjsng ċgeh ig bhm kgstjk pjojnih

zhvnhmhnh shkrtbh tdŨdbh" Pojrj sgmhkstj ejmdbh ohsbdig

,8<=3$. ohm ig `rovh jfbhvnihbh. bidljvg ojstd prjbhmgbg

su dspjm pjmh" Fdnj ig tu jsththoh vdsg stjtdbh niumd. erufj

bhfh`hbdl igmbd prgoj mruedl u jerjkbu khsjvbu

erjfbdù"

B d oj jm vg rb d oh oj i d su sg o r d n d u fgz d i g rsoj i ` rov d b d i g sg

sphshj ohm su o rs thŨ d uph n d u fjejk j n i u d pj`g n d mh sgou svg

joj sgfg"

SjŨtj su pjfdnd `gnjoupbj

sthbjvbdŨtvj. Hkjrdigvd orsthŨd pjċgnd

su mh sg prdprgkhiu zh lhrhbig d

pnihċohbig jpustgndl ouąh"

ohm su dlarhbùsog ,vgnkjŲg$ thoj zhtgong. pjkhlb dthŨg fgzkhnj. ph dstgrhŨg tg knhmdąg kjtohkh. ohj psd mh su"

Hnd + fgngŲd mhnig Qdndigk jm ]umgng + prg bgej Ũtj su

vdtgzjvd uspgnd mh sg mjċgphiu mrhej`gbjstd. gvj Ũth sg mgsdnj9

]d prnihvd. skrmnidvd ihmbd`d uenhs pjvdohŨg9 ‒Shnd( Shnd(& +

d mjlvhtdŨg jerjkbg fuotdbig. ohbjejm jbj oh m sg njkhċh pjergfbh uŲgŲg. d jehbi prjeuth vhrjŨ svu"

P]VHMHBIG FGYDIGVHEjtjvj svg erhmgvdbg u Fgzdigru fdng su jm mrvgth" Ejrgng

su frzj d nhoj mjo su sg pnhkgbjvd Ũdrdnd dz ċgtvrtd u ċgtvrt"

Wfrzj sg `gnh vhrjŨ prgtvjrdnh u igmhb phohj skrtd d

rhzhrhbih" Arhbùsod vdtgzjvd bhmhnd su sg mh ąg sg mjojphtd

fgzdigrsoje fnheh. mh fd shmh + ebgvbd d prgstrhvnigbd +

engmhnd ohoj sg svg tg mrhej`gbjstd prgtvhrhiu u pgpgj. dnd

mjsnjv`g tjpg prgm bidljvdk jċdkh" W igzdvjk pjŲhru.

prdċh sg. Ohtgmrhnh Pgb Bhzgr. sherhmgbh bgodl jshk

mg`gbdih prg tje mjehmhih. prjstj sg ‒rhspjnutdnh. ohj bhr„.

prg bgej Ũtj sg sruŨdnh" Shstvh ojih ig zhonjb pjtrhŲdnh dspjm

bigbdl svjmjvh Ųdvh ig dzejrgnh" Ohsbdig ig Fgzdigr pjbjvj

dzerhmgb. hnd ig Ũtgth bh ċdbigbh u orsthŨojk pjerjku fdnh

tjndoh mh su rhmjvd pjtrhihnd pubdl mvgsth ejmdbh"

Srg bgej Ũtj ig jpŨtd iurds pjċgj. ohtjnd`dkh u vhrjŨd

mhth ig kjeuąbjst mh bhpustg Fgzdigr d thoj dzfgebu

ohzbu ojih ąg sustdąd ohthrg" Qgądbh ohtjndoh jmfdnh ig tjmh uċdbd. svgsbj jmhfrhvŨd mh jsthbg tu d pjmgnd sumfdbu




KHPHOVW FGYDIGVW

Khshor ojid sg jmderhj u

Fgzdigru bdig fdj spjbthb"Pvg ig frdŲnidvj dspnhbdrhbj

ijŨ 863<" ejmdbg. prg bgej

Ũtj ig HnfdŲhbsod orsthŨod

pjljm ujpŨtg zhpjċgt. ohmh

su Hrbj Hkjrd. hmvjoht

pj dkgbu Kdnj ,dbhċg

nhtgrhbsod hpjstjnsod bjthr$

d 86 ohrmdbhnh jtdŨnd u Vdk

mh s phpjk Dbjągbtdigk DDD

rhzkjtrg bh ojid fd bhċdbthi orsthŨod pjljm trgfhnj

vjmdtd" Snhb ojid su thm

jskdsndnd fdj ig u shenhsiu

sh strhtgedijk ojiji su

orsthŨog sbheg prdfgehvhng

uPvgtji zgknid. u vrgkg

Srvje orsthŨoje rhth. ojid ig

pjċgj bgŨtj vdsg jm igmbje

vgoh prg tjeh ,8341$"

Pvjigvrsbh Ũgkh pjtjbigefgzdigrsoje khshorh

prjbhĘgbh ig u ruojpdsu

pjm bhsnjvjk @hbsj m—Hbtdj`h ,Hbtdjldisod

spgv$. ojid ig. ohoj sg

vgruig. bgemg dzkgmu 8831"

d 888<" ejmdbg bhpdshj vdtgz

Erdejrdig Fgċhmh. uċgsbdo

u orsthŨojk pjljmu"

Jpdsuiuąd orsthŨou vjisou dzmvhbhgstje vgoh. pj ċdigk

ig uzjru ohsbdig ajrkdrhbh d

hnfdŲhbsoh orsthŨoh hrkdih.

jb ig bhenhsdj9

Qgnkjdg dz Arhb`usog Pthbjvb d ` d Fgzd i grh b d su d k h n d b d ohov d l d ze d gmh p rj t d v i ho d l . mjf rj b hj ruŲhb d l o rs thŨh oj i d su

d Shr dzh. svgtjvbih`d d bhph n d vh rjŨ oj r d s tgą d rhzbj bhj ruŲhb i g . uo n i uċu i uą d d sk r tjbjsb d shk js t rg n "

svgŨtgbstvj. prdbċgvd dkhrodzd + svd su sg ndstjk snjzdnd mh svhoj upjrdŨtg ojig ċdk upjrdŨtg bh sdnu fumg zhuzgtj" ]hoj orsthŨoh vjisohorsthŨoh vjisoh bhphmbg. jmbjsbj svhod ehrbdzjb ojid vdsg bdemg bgąg bhd nhzd td bh jtpjr. ig r niumd `%g sg pnhŨdtd

jmfdig mh sgprgmh trgfh pjsgąd mj pjsngmb ige ċjvgoh. mh dk sg suprjtsthvg zbhiuąd Ũth ig rhbdig fdvhnj"



73 EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ SVQD


H B H ] G K H

Hbhtgkh ig bhzdv zh `rovgbu urgmfu ojijk sg

gosojku bd`drh pjigmdbh` d n d jmfh`uig bgprdlvht n i dvj uċgbig" Ohj ohzbh. kgĘutdk. hbhtgkh ig zbhtbj prgvhzdnhzdnh

gosojkubdoh`diu" W Bjvjk zhvgtu. u Sjsnhbd`d Ojrdbąhbdkh.

bh igmbjk kgstu stjid9 ‒Hoj oj bg niufd Ejspjmh Dsush

Lrdsth. mh fumg prjongt. khrhb hth"„ W Sjsnhbd`d Ehnhąhbdkh.

hbhtgkh sg pjkdbig ohj ohzbh zh prjpjvgmhbig bgoje

suphrbdċoje igvhbĘgnih9

Hnd svg d hoj vhk kd shkd. d nd pho hbĘgj sh Bgfh.

prjpjvgmhkj igvhbĘgn ig prjt dvbj jbjkg Ũtj vhk vgą

prjpjvgmhskj + hbhtgkh bgoh phmbg bh bhs dnd bh bigeh"

Obideh Ijvhbjvh dmg ojrho mhnig"

Jbhi Ũtj sg pjojrhvh uċgbiu Lrdstjvjk. d J`h d Pdbh

uzh sgfg dkh" Mjmg nd vhk bgoj oj sg jvje uċgbih bg

prdmrŲhvh. bg prdkhitg eh u mjk svji. bdtd eh fnhejsdnihitg?

igr jbhi Ũtj tjeh fnhejsnjvd . shuċgsb do ig u zn dk mgndkh

bigejvdk"

Ohtgmrhnh Pgb Bhzgr""" prdċh sg.‒rhspjnutdnh sg ohj bhr„ u igzdvjk

jebiu. prg bgej Ũtj sg sruŨdnh" Shstvh

ojih ig zhn`njb pjtrhŲdnh dspjm bigbdl

svjmjvh Ųdvh ig dzejrgnh"

sh suerhĘhbdkh" ]j ig. svhohoj. prgmsthvnihnj jtgŲhvhiuąu

jojnbjst zh orsthŨg" Ohoj ąg u jpŨtji pjkgtbid rhzndojvhtd

ohtjndoh jm ohthrh: Srdċh sg mh ig fdsoup Hkjrd thmhbhrgmdj9 ‒Pvg dl pjfditg( Fje ąg svjig vgą prgpjzbhtd"&

]h zhpjvgst dzvrŨgbh ig mj pjsngm big ohpd orvd" Ojndoj

ig Hk jrd fdj us ldągb pj stdebu tdk vdmd sg pj jb jk g Ũtj

pjruċuig u pdsrrdu phpd Dbjągbtdiu9

BhŨg sbheg bdsu pjŨ tgmg ng bdojeh. f gz jfzdrh bh mruŨtvgbd pjnjŲh i. pj n dnd uzrhst" Joj 63"333 niumd ph nj ig

jm k hċh" Jvmg sg kjŲg ejvjrdtd j khsjvbjk ubdŨtgbiu bgprdihtgnih" Ďdthv erhm jpnihċohb ig d zhphnigb" ]hoj ig

Srg jshk vgojvh kjąbg zdmdbg srgmbijvgojvbje Ohrohsjbh fdng

su pjprdŨtg fgspjŨtgmbg fjrfg"

fjŲhbsoh jmkhzmh dsohndnh svji ċumgsbd ebgv"Bjvjstd j zvgrstvdkh pjċdbigbdk u Fgzdigru frzj su sg

rhŨdrdng pj Nhbemjou d `gnjk iueu Arhb`usog" QgnkjŲg d

agumhn`d ċdid su pjsgmd fdnd u rhvbd`hkh d stjeh kjend sngmgąd

mh sg bhmu bh kgtd fdsouph Hkjrdih d bigejvg jsvgtbdċog

vjisog + pjċgnd su mh sg ojngfhiu" Igmhb zh mruedk mjnhzdndsu u thfjr emg su orsthŨd prjvgnd trd mhbh pjŨtj su pjlhrhnd

Fgzdigr. mh sg pjonjbg prgm Hkjrdigk d ufgmg eh u svjiu



EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HVD. MGJ SVQD 78

jmhbjst"

Mruehċdid ig. kgmutdk. sthv zhuzgj igmhb jm

bhikjąbdidl thkjŨbidl vgnkjŲh. Vhikjb VjŲg DDD jm

]rgbohvgnh. vdojbt jm Ohrohsjbh. Fgzdigrh. Vhzgh d Hnfdih"

Vhikjb VjŲg fdj ig sdb jtphmbdoh VjŲgh DD jm Ohrohsjbh d

frhthbh` prgvrtnidvje Vhikjbh QD. erjah jm ]unuzh. s tdkŨtj ig fdj prgvgihbdid jm jfjid`g" Ohm ig Vhikjb QD pjzvhj

niumg mh sg uigmdbg u jtpjru Hkjrdiu d bigejvdk orsthŨdkh.

Vhikjb VjŲg ig. mjfrj zbhiuąd ojndoj bigejv strd` ukg mh

fumg pjmkuohj. thi pjzdv jmfdj" Bdig skgj mh rdzdouig.

ig r vrnj nhoj sg kjenj mgsdtd mh. uojndoj stv hrd pjmu pj

znu. Vhikj b QD prdfgebg svjk uj fdċhigbjk pnhbu ..F„ +

Ũtj ąg rgąd. mh pjehzd svhod mjejvjr d ouohvdċod sg pjtċdbd

bgprdihtgniu"H hoj fd mj bgċge thovje mjŨnj. d Vhikjb VjŲg DDD

dkhj fd kbjej Ũth mh dzeufd" Ohj prvj. ndċbj fd sg bhŨhj



u jphsbjstd d kjŲmh. ŨthvdŨg. fdj prdkjrhb mh sg jmrgobg

svjidl pjsgmh uprhvj zfje jpuŨtgbje. trpgnidvje sthvh

prgkh kuntdounturbji zhigmbd`d ojijk ig uprhvnihj"

Jp Ũtgbig s igrgtd`dk h + ohoj fd ahbhtd`d tjeh vrgkgbh

jsumdnd bg mig bglhibj mrŲhbig + fdnj ig igmbhoj njsg ohj mh

ig d ċjvgo shk igrg tdo. hoj bg d ejrg jm tjeh"

Qgstd j zvgrstvdkh pjċdbigbdk

u Fgzdigru frzj su sg prjŨdrdng

pj Nhbemjou d `gnjk iueu

Arhb`usog" QgnkjŲg d agumhn`d

pjċgnd su mh sg ojngfhiu"

BGWPSGL MDSNJKH]DIGKhmh Vhikjb VjŲg ndċbj bdig fdj ohthr. vgndod frji bigejvdl

pjmhbdoh igstg prdphmhj jvji sgotd" Bh tgrdtjrdid pjm

bigejvjk uprhvjk Ųdvgnh ig d igvrgisoh zhigmbd`h ojih ig

ejmdbhkh ubhzhm fdnh zhmuŲgbh zh ruojvjmgbig Fgzdigrjk.

pjsng Ohrohsjbh mruedk bigejvdk sgmdŨtgk kjm"

D u Ohrohsjbu ig pjstjihnh igvrgisoh zhigmbd`h. ph su

sg. sh jsthndkh. d Igvrgid kjend bhm u jzfdnibji jphsbjstd"

Hkjrdigvh vjisoh fgz sukbig fd dl pjufdihnh. igr pjojni u

Fgzdigru pruŲdj ig uŲhshb mjohz ojndoj su orsthŨd sprgkbd

mhngoj mh jmu u dsohzdvhbiu svje ‒vgrsoje& Ųhrh" Dz tje

rhznjeh. Vhikjb VjŲg ig dz prgmjstrjŲbjstd gvhoudshj

Igvrgig dz erhmh prg bgej Ũtj su or sthŨd stden d mj Ohrohsjbh"

Bdig. kgmutdk. fdnj thoj nhoj dzkgstdtd zbhtbj frjibdid

ohthrsod Ųdvhni" Yfje ohthrh. h d zfje sgfg shkjeh. Vhikjb

VjŲg ig prvj prdfgehj mdpnjkhtdid bhstjigąd mh pjstdebg

spjrhzuk ojidk fd sg ndċbj jfhvgzhj mh zhpjċbg prjejb

ohthrh d jsthndl igrgtdoh ojid Ųdvg bh bigejvji tgrdtjrdid"

H mh nd fd thoj bgŨtj stvhrbj d prgmuzgj: Qgrjvhtbj bg

fd. hnd ig. dstj thoj. pjstjihnh d bgkhnh vgrjvhtbjąh mh ig

Vhikjb VjŲg jm j`h bhsngmdj uk gąg jmnhehbih bgŲgnigbje

dsljmh" Fdnj ohoj fdnj. bigejvj jfgąhbig bdohmh bdig bd

sthvnigbj bh prjfu vrgkgbh. fumum mh bdohohv spjrhzuk

bdig bhprhvnigb" Hkjrd. ŨthvdŨg. Vhikjbh VjŲgh bdig bd

umjstjidj susrgth prdndojk ojigeh fd th pdthbih rhzkjtrdnd"

Sjstjid. dstdbh. kjeuąbjst mh ig vjĘh orsthŨh uvdmgj

mh + uojndoj zhihkċd fgzfgm bjst Ohrohsjbu d jsthndk

erhmjvdkh pjm uprhvjk Vhikjbh VjŲgh ”bigejvd. pngbh

enhmbd sngmfgbd`d bgąg dkhtd Ũth mh pnihċohiu"

SVDSVGKG YH VH]Hkjrdigv `dbdċbd jmejvjr zbhmj ig uigmbj d pjzdv bh

uzfubu" Vhikjb VjŲg sg ldtrj vrhtdj u Ohrohsjb d pjċgj

mh sg prdprgkh zh rht" Srvj ig sprjvgj strhtgediu ‒sprŲgbg

zgknig&. thoj mh sg orsthŨoji vjis`d usorhtd kjeuąbjst mh

sg s bigejvdl bidvh sbhfmgvh lrhbjk. Ũtj ig. ujsthnjk. fdnh

ujfdċhigbh prhosh u srgmbijvgojvbdk rhtjvdkh" Vhikjb

VjŲg ig bhrgmdj mh sg `gnh th jfnhst prgtvjrd u pustdbiu9

usgvd d vdbjerhmd mh sg sphng. vjmgbd`g d pjnijprdvrgmbghnhtog mh sg ubdŨtg. h stjoh d jsthng Ųdvjtdbig mh sg dnd

pjojni u. dnd utgrh iu u shk Ohro hsjb . emg ąg dl Ũtdtdtd kjąbd

erhmsod fgmgkd" Ohm ig tj umbigbj. vjisoh Vhikjbh VjŲgh

pjċgnh ig s prdprgkhkh zh fjrfu" Ph jruŲigk bh ejtjvs.

bgprgodmbj su strhŲhrdnd. dŨċgouiuąd mjnhzho orsthŨh"

Srgtljmb d`u H kjrdigvg vjisog frhbdj`d Ohrohsjbh

uengmhnd su sh zdmdbh svjeh erhmh prvje hveusth. thċbj

mgsgt mhbh pjsng khshorh u Fgzdigru" Bh frzdbu dzvjmgąd

prjrhċub. bhphmhċd su prj`gbdnd mh jsvhihbig jvje erhmh. s

bigejvdk kjąbdk utvrmhkh d jmvhŲbdk frhbdj`dkh. bgąg

fdtd bd bhikhbig nho zhmhtho" ]u bdohovdl jtvjrgbdl ohpdih.

snhfdl fgmgkh d nhoje pngbh bgąg fdtd" Hkjrd sg. ċho. bdig

JpŨtgbig s igrgtd`dkh fdnj ig igmbhoj

njsg ohj mh ig d ċjvgo shk igrgtdo.

hoj bg d ejrg jm tjeh"

usumdj mh svjidk sbhehkh mjzvjnd mh sg uthfjrg prgfndzu

erhmsodl fgmgkh. strhluium mh ąg sg bhm u mjkgtu

strhŨbdl ohrohsjbsodl shkjstrgnh`h" OrsthŨod vdtgzjvd

pjmdend su. stjeh. Ũhtjrg khnj mhnig. h zh bidkh d Hkjrdigvd

vjibd`d. ojid su pjmnjŲdnd vhtrg d rhspjrgmdnd sg mhngoj dzvhb

mjkgth skrtjbjsbdl shkjstrgnh d jsthnje mhngojkgtbje

jruŲih ojig ig vrgfhnj sh jbg strhbg ohrohsjbsodl fgmgkh"

Frhbdj`d Ohrohsjbh dspjnidnd su vgndou lrhfrjst. dhoj

su fdnd ufgmnidvj frjiċhbj bhmkhŨgbd" D Ũtj sg bhjruŲhbih

tdċg. zbhtbj su zhjsthihnd zh bgprdihtgnigk igr su Hkjrdiu

bh rhspjnhehb iu fdng kj ąbg jpshmbg sprhvg d kbjej vdsg

strgnh`h + srgmbijv gojvb g hrtdnigr dig + bgej Ũtj ig Vhikjb

VjŲg kjehj mh joupd" Putrhmhb pj prdspgąu orsthŨog

vjisog pjm zdmdbg Ohrohsjb h. mhong mrueje hveusth + fdnh

ig bgmgnih . mhb ohmh sg. pj phpsojk mgorgtu. bdig skgnj

rhtjvhtd" Hkjrdigvg sbheg kjrhng su. zbhm. mh shċgohiu

mj pjbgmgnioh. hnd mk ig svhbunj. frzj su rhspjrgmdnd

jvbjvg. pjsthvdnd kgrmgvdbg uzh zdmdbg. d tgŨoj bhjruŲhbd



EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ SVQD 70

,KtU

vjibd`d pjągnd su mh sg pgbiu. mjo su bidljvd shfjr`d strgn`d

jtpjzhmd zhsund Ohrohsjb odŨjk strgnh. ojig su pjehmhng.

fgz rhzndog. d bhjruŲhbg frhbdj`g d bgbhjruŲhbd Ųdvhni"

BHSHM BH O HV OH PJ B

OrsthŨd su jmnuċdnd mh prvj bhphmbu Fure. igmbj jm mvh

pjmerhmh Ohrohsjbh ojig sg bhnhzdnj jmkhl dzvhb erhmsodl

zdmdbh" Jm mvh pjmerhmh. Fure ig fdj snhfdig utvrmgb d

frhbigb. d pjsng mvh shth Ųgstjog fjrfg. orsthŨd su uspgnd

mh sg prjfdiu d rhstgrhiu vjibdn`g d vhrjŨhbg ojid su sg tuijŨ sordvhnd" Mjo su jvd fgŲhnd u shk Ohrohsjb. bhmh iuą d

sg sphsu ubuthr erhmsodl fgmgkh. strgn`d d shkjstrgn`d

rhspjrgmgbd bh vdsjodk erumjfrhbdkh bgkdnd`g su zhsdphnd

Orvhvh fjrfh prsh j prsh u fj iu zh Ohrohsjb 8634" ejm dbg Ų dvj ig

pr dohzhbh bh jvjk a r dzu u Ohtgmrh n d Pgb Bhzgr u Fgz d ig ru "

bhphmhċg strgnhkh. hnd + uzhnum" J erjkhb frji orsthŨh

uspgj ig mh prjmrg u Fure. s tdk Ũtj dk jvjeh puth bhkgrh

bdig fdnh mh sg jojkg bh sthbjvbdŨtvj Ũtj fgŨg prgtgonj"

Bh umhru su sg. kgmutdk. bhŨnd fubhrd orhi jfhnh rgog Jmg"

Wfrzj su d fubhrd d prdnhzd erhmu sh sgvgrh fdnd u ruohkh

orsthŨh"

Eufdtho fubhrh prgmsthvnihj ig tgŲho umhrh` zhfrhbdj`g. hnd Ųdtgnid Ohrohsjbh bdsu sg prgmhvhnd" Mhbh

sgmkje hveusth. ohm su orsthŨd pjouŨhnd mh zhuzku d

Ohstgnhr. mruej. iuŲbj pjmerhĘg Ohrohsjbh. zhsutd su



7= EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HVD. MGJ SVQD

Ď W M J Q 8ţ ] H P V G M B I J Q G O J Q B D L VH ]J QH

Jerjkbg jpshmbg bhprhvg ojrdstdng su sg u rhtu ijŨ jm

jskje vgoh sthrg grg. sumgąd pj sthrjzhvgtbjk zhpdsu ojid

sg jmbjsd bh vrgkg ohmh ig orhni Hzhrdih vnhmhj Iumgisodk

orhnigvstvjk" ] hmhŨbig vjisog upjtrgfnihvhng su ‒bhprhvg

ojig su skdsndnd niumd vdċbd. mh sg pjkjąu bidl bh oung d

fgmgkg pgbigŨ. strgng mh dsphniuigŨ. d vgndoj ohkgbig uz tj„"

Kbjej ohsbdig d Er`d d Vdknihbd upjtrgfnihvhąg jpshmbg

sprhvg. dznhŲuąd Ųdvhni erhmjvh pjm jpshmjk mhbjbjąbji

tutbihvd. pjmrlthvhbiu tnh. njknihvd d znjsnutbjk zvdŲmuou

mgsgtdbh d mgsgtdbh strgnh Ũtj pjput bgkdnjsrmbg odŨg

pniuŨtg sh bgfh" Bh und`hkh. trejvdkh. u mjkjvdkh

dnd `rovhkh + emg ejm sg sthbjvbd`d bhphmbutg vhrjŨd

bhnhzdnd. kjend su dl pjvrgmdtd dnd ufdtd prjigotdnd dzfhċgbd dz

jpshmbdl bhprhvh"

W trdbhgstjk vgou. ohm su sg erhmjvd Ũdrjk Nhbemjoh

bhŨnd pjm jpshmjk hnfdŲhbsog orsthŨog vjisog. ojrdŨągbg

su. khbig+vdŨg. dstg jpshmbg bhprhvg. ohmrg mh dzhzjvu

uŲhsbh rhzhrhbih. ohj jbg ojig su svjigvrgkgbj

upjtrgfnihvhnd sthrd Vdknihbd" Prgmbijvgojvbh vjisoh

ojih ig pjm jpshmjk mrŲhnh bgod zhkho dnd vhrjŨ thojmg

ig. bhdkg. upjtrgfnihvhnh ohthpuntg. fhndstg ,fhngstrg$ d iurdŨbg jvbjvg. ohj Ũtj su tj bgohm mhvbj ċdbdn d mrgvbd

Lgngbd d Vdknihbd" Vhspjnhehnd su. pjvrl tjeh. d muehċodk

kgrmgvdbhkh d kjąbdk jpshmbdk ounhkh ojig su

dk pruŲhng zhŨtdtu jm svgeh ċdkg fd dl ehmhnd frhbdj`d

bhċdċohbd bh erumjfrhbdkh"

VD]H PG OJ KHEHVH@

Igmbh jm rhtbdl bhprhvh ojig su upjtrgfnihvhnd uċgsbd`d

HnfdŲhbsoje orsthŨoje pjljmh u Nhbemjou sherhmgbh ig

pj uzjru bh rdksoje jbhegrh ,mdvnige khehr`h$" Jbhegr igthoj d bhzvhb zhtj Ũtj sg ..rdthj„ ohj Ųdvjtdbih prgog ąumd"

D trgfuŨgt ig fdj igmbhoj jpho bh mgnu. snuŲgąd sg ċgorojk

zh zhpdbihbig uŲhmd dnd jprueh" Ohm fd vjibdo bhenj jtpustdj

uŲg dnd jprueu. zufh` fd ..rdtbuj„ pjprgċbu ergmu bh

mrvgbjk jovdru trgfuŨgth. d prjigotdnd dz vgndog pjsumg

fdnd fd dsphnigbd d rhzvdnd fd vgndou frzdbu" Jvh kgtjmh

phnigbih prjċunh sg ohj ‒sdstgk prjtdvtgeh&" ]rgfuŨgtd su

dbhċg upjtrgfnihvhbd zh dzfh`dvhbig orupbje ohkgbih.

hnd ig pjkjąu bidl bgprdihtgni kjehj mh sg zhspg d bgodk

zhphnidvdk khtgrdihnjk. ohj. bh prdkgr. zhphnigbjkskjnjk dnd unigk" ]hoj upjtrgfnigb trgfuŨgt sgihj ig strhl

d uŲhs. h jbdkh ojid fd sg prjigotdnu dsphnigbjk dz trgfuŨgth

bhŨnd bh putu d uspgnd mh prgŲdvg + jsthihnd su erjzbd jŲdni`d"

Fhndsth. dnd fhngstrh. prjbhnhzho sthrdl Vdknihbh. fdnh ig

Jpshmbh ou nh ,ejrg$ jkjeuąhvhnh ig vj is` d oj ih bhphmh mh

svj ig n iumg mjvgmg u ds tu rhvhb s frhb dj` dkh erhmh. thoj mh

kjeu mh dsph n iu iu s t rg ng m d rgo tbj u b i dl " Jvhb ,mj ng$ f dj ig

prjstj . h n d mg nj tvjrbj jrumg zh prjf d ihb ig fgmgkh. mjo ig

zhŨ d n igb d oj nh` ,u pjzhmdb d $ kjehj mh prjf d ig z dm thoj Ũ tj ig

muf dj rupg d zkgmu ohkgbjvh jm oj i d l su fgmgkd e rhmgb d "




ukbjejkg bhndo ruċbjk shkjstrgnu. shkj zbhtbj vgąg

rhzjrbg kjąd" ErhĘgbg dsoniumvj jm mrvgth. fhndstg su sg

shstjihng dz kjgbje rhkh jm jprueg ojid ig jvdk sprhvhkh

jkjeuąhvhj mh ohkgb dnd bgod mrued prgmkgt tgŲd jm 66

odnjerhkh mjfh`d bh rhzmhnidbu jm jtprdndog 011 kgthrh"

Fhndsthig. thojmg. kjenh mh sg bhpubd ejkdnjk strgnh ojig

fd zhsung erhm ohj dzrhzdtj rhzjrbd pniusojvd jm ojidl ċgstj

niumd bdsu bhnhzdnd zhonjbh"

J E H B I D P ] V H L

Sj`gtojk ċgtrbhgstje vgoh. thċbdig uvjmgbigk fhruth d.

s fhrutjk. vhtrgbje jruŲih d pjnisodl tjpjvh. ohj Ũtj su

prdkdtdvbd. hnd vrnj mgnjtvjrbd vhsd. ojid su sgihnd strhl +

jojbċhbh ig mueh grh ojbvgb`djbhnbje rhtjvhbih ohovj ig

fdnj pjzbhtj ijŨ jm fdfndisodl vrgkgbh" Qhsd. pjzbhtd d pjm

arhb usodk bhzdvjk pjts mg agr ,evjzmgbd ohzhbd$. prvd

put sg pjihvniuiu bh dnustrh`did igmbje gbengsoje ruojpdsh

bhsthnje joj 8065" ejmdbg. d dzengmjk pjmsgąhiu bh vgndog

vhzg. jmbjsbj pjsumg pjnjŲgbg bh fjo sh strgnjk Ũtj

Ũtrċd dz ‒Ųmrgnh&" Bh zhmbigk orhiu stjid tjfmŲd ih d usdihbu

Ũdpou prdbjsd jtvjru zh phnigbig" Qhsd d kjmgnd tjpjvh ojidsu zh bidkh usngmdnd prjdzvjmdnd su erjkjenhsbg gospnjzdig.

Prgmb ijvgojvb d rh tb d ` d r hzh rh n d su z dm dbg zhkoj vh thoj Ũ tj

f d d l k db d rh n d u shkj k pjmbjŲ iu " Sj tojphvh n d f d t gkg n i g d

pjs thv n i h n d m r vgbg s tuf d ąg oj ig f d pj tjk pj tph n d n d "

dzhzdvhiuąd pjŲhrg d jsthvnihiuąd fgmgkg. erhmsog ohpdig

d mjbŲjbg u ruŨgvdbhkh" Ďho d bhikjąbdih kglhbdċoh

ċumjvdŨth ojih su mj thmh uċgstvjvhnh u srgmbijvgojvbdk

jpshmhkh bdsu kjenh mh mjstdebu thoj vdsjou rhzjrbu kjm

Hnd ‒kdbdrhbig&. bgprdkgtbh. pjmkuonh kgtjmh

rhtjvhbih + pjohzhnh sg ohj ijŨ strhvdċbdih jm svdl

tdl jpshmbdl sprhvh" Prgmbijvgojvbj kdbdrhbig

pjmrhzukgvhnj ig pjtojphvhbig tgkgnih zhkoh dnd

erhmsodl fgmgkh. d prdvrgkgbj pjmupdrhbig zdmdbh

mrvgbdk stufdmkh" ]hoj fd bhsthj pjmzgkbd tubgn ojid fd

bhphmhm dspubdnd snhkjk bhkjċgbjk u unig dnd fdnj mk

mruedk Ũtj nhoj pnhbg" Ohm fd stufdm dzejrgnd. fgmgkd fd

sg survhnd" Vhzjrbj mgistvj jvg thotdog bhifjnig sg vdmgnj u

fd`d zh Ohrohsjb" Frhbdj`d pjmerhmh Ohstgnhrh bhigmbjk

su dzeufdnd tnj pjm bjehkh. mh fd sg sh vgndog vdsdbg

strkgobund zhigmbj s ejkdnjk ohkgbih ojig sg bgkdnd`g

jfruŨhvhnj prgtvhrhium sg u sdthb tu`hbdo" Qgmbh thi phmbdig prgŲdvgnh




] u t j d e k s ` t a t n a t u j f n `

ohkgbigk. strgnhkh d rhzbjrhzbdk prjigotdndkh. thoj mh

su kjrhnd mh pjtrhŲg zhonjb u jfndŲbiji Ũukd" OrsthŨodk

vdtgzjvdkh fdnj ig thmh vgą shsvdk ihsbj mh ig ou`buj ċhs

mh upjtrgfg trgfuŨgtg. fhndstg. khbejbgng d ohthpuntg

+ svg strhŨbdiu jm strhŨbdig jpshmbg bhprhvg" H jbmh

sg dz skrtjbjsbje jruĘh bh undċd`g Ohstgnhrh jfruŨdnh

stdldih ohkgbih. Ũniuboh. uŲhrgbje uenigvnih d svgeh Ũtj

sg bhphmhċdkh bhŨnj prd ru`d" Pnhfd su fdnd dzengmd mh ąg

frhbdj`d ojid jsthbu bh jtvjrgbjk dzfgąd rhbihvhbig.

shohągbig dnd skrt"

JPQG]H YH FGYDIGVSjŨtj su uspgnd mh prjfdiu zdmdbg. orsthŨd su sg rhzkdngnd

pj Ohstgnhru. h u fgspjŨtgmbji fjrfd ojih ig usngmdnh. phnh

ig vgądbh frhbdnh`h" OrsthŨod zhpjvgmbd`d jsthvdnd su zhtdk

khbid jmrgm u shkjk Ohstgnhru d pjvuond sg u thfjr"

Jsvgtbd`d su. kgmutdk. frzj uzvrhtdnd umhrh`" QgnkjŲg ċdid

su sg pjsgmd bhnhzdnd u frmdkh Ũtj sg uzmdŲu bhm mjndbjk

rgog Jmg. bh jfrjb`dkh Sdrdbgih. stdend su mh sg fjrg

rhkg uz rhkg s Vhikjbjk VjŲgjk" ]d niumd. zh rhzndou

jm jfhzrdvdidl zgknihoh dz rhvbd`g. fglu jm jbdl ojidkh

ig sk rt mrhŲh jm prgmhig? s V hikjb jk Vj Ųgjk bh ċgnu.

iurbund su orjz ohrohsjbso u ohpdiu ustrgkdvŨd sg prhvj

bh jmrgm orsthŨh. d pjsgond dl svg mj pjsngmbige" Fdnh ig tj.vgrjvhtbj su pjkdsndnd u tjk ċhsu. jsvgth zh Fgzdigr"

Frzjkgtbh. o rhtojtrhibh ho`dih frhbdnh`h bdig.

kgmutdk. prjkhonh sthrgŨdbhkh u orsthŨojk thfjru. d

Żd tg n i dkh Ohrohsjbh f d nj ig mjzvj n igbj mh bhpustg erhm pjŨtj su

eh jsvji d n d h nfdŲhbsod orsthŨd . bh ċgnu sh Pdkjbjk DQ jm Kjbajrh"

MjpuŨtgbj dk ig shkj mh pjbgsu jmgąu oj iu su u tjk t rgbutou

dkhn d bh sgf d "

thoj sg. bhigmbjk. bh fjidŨtu pjihvdnh truph bhjruŲhbdlvdtgzjvh. zbhtbj frjibdih jm niumd Vhikjbh VjŲgh" Jvd su

sg u Ųurfd pjvuond u Ohrohsjb d frŲg+fjnig zhoniuċhnd zh

sjfjk erhmsou ohpdiu" Erhm ig fdj fgzfgmhb. hnd sg ubuthr

bigejvdl zdmdbh jmvdihnh mrhkh" Jsoumd`h u vjmd. dzhzvhbh

phmjk fubhrh u bgprdihtgnisog ruog. dkhnh ig zh pjsngmd`u

prnihb ig zhndlh u erhmsodk rgzgrvj hrdkh d trjvhbig jbj

khnj vjmg Ũtj ig jsthnj" D knhmj d sthrj pjċgnj ig mh ukdrg

bh vrgnjk hveustjvsojk sub`u" Vhzbg fjngŨtdbg d erjzbd`h

Ũdrdng su sg pj erhmu. h ċdthvd r"jigvd kuvh sngthnd su bh ngŨgvg

ojid su sg rhsphmhnd bh und`hkh"

SHM OHVOHPJBH]hovj sthbig bdig kjenj ubgmjengm mh sg jmrŲhvh"

Prgmdbjk hveusth. mvg bgmgnig pjŨtj ig Hkjrdigvh vjisoh

prdspgnh pjm zdmdbg Ohrohsjbh. dzhsnhbdo dz orsthŨoje

thfjrh stdehj ig mj erhmsog ohpdig" Bigejvh pjruoh fdnh ig

igmb jsthvb h. hnd igzdvh9 prgm hitg sg shmh. dnd ągtg prjąd dstj

ohj jbd u Fgzdigru" Vhikjbu VjŲgu fdnj ig ihsbj mh sg vdsg

H k jrd ig bh rhspjnhehbiu drbhj

kjąbg rhtbg bhprhvg d kbjej

vdsg strgnh`h bgej Ũtj ig Vhikjb

VjŲg kjehj mh prdoupd"

bgkh oumh" Srdsthj ig bh prgejvjrg d. ohm ku ig zhihkċgbh

ndċbh sdeurbjst. jmihlhj mj orsthŨoje thfjrh. emg sg shsthj

s erjajk jm Bgvgrh. Grvgjk jm Mjbzdih" Bd pjrjmd`h bd

sngmfgbd`d bigejvd bdsu vdsg vdmgnd Vhikjbh VjŲgh. vdojbth

jm ]rgbohvgnh. Ųdvjeh"

Pth sg mjejmdnj mhngoj jm bgzvhbdl jċdiu u Ũhtjru

Grvgh jm Mjbzdih + bdohmh bdoj bdig shzbhj. ph thoj ċho

bd jbjvrgk gbd lrjbdċhrd. pjsnjvdċbj Ųgnibd khohr ohovje

bhejvgŨthih dnd enhsdbg. bdsu uspgnd mh mjmu bd mj ohovje

jtordąh" Igmdbh ċdb igbd` h u vgzd sh jvdk shsthbojk u ċgtdrd

joh svjmd sg bh tj mh ig Ųdtgnidkh O hrohsjbh + ohthrdkh.

ohtjnd`dk h d Igvrgidk h + bh bidljvj bgdzkgrbj jnhoŨhbig dċuĘgbig. shjpŨtgbj mh kjeu mh bhpustg erhm. s tdk mh zh

sjfjk jsthvg svu svjiu dkjvdbu. dzuzgv jmgąg ojiu su u

tjk ċhsu dkhnd bh sgfd" D thoj su jbd jtdŨnd. prjnhzgąd igmhb




pj igmhb orjz uzhbu zhmbiu erhmsou ohpdiu. pjm fumbdk

jojkorsthŨodl strhŲhrh ojid su kjtrdnd bg fd nd sphzdnd

bgojeh oj pjouŨhvh mh prjordiukċhrd bgŨtj dz jsvjigbje

erhmh"

‒Bdohovu mrhej`gbjst. hkh bd igmbj igmdbj muekg bdsu

skgnd mh pjbgsu sh sjfjk&. zhfgngŲdj ig igmhb lrjbdċhr"

Dnd. pj ohzdvhbiu igmbje bigejvje ojngeg. Ohrohsjb ihbd su

sh sjfjk pjbgnd ‒shkj svjig erglg„" Ohoj ig ojborgtbj

Vhikjb VjŲg uspgj mh dspjsnuig snjfjmu zh svji bhrjm u

Ohrohsjbu fdnh ig d jsthnh thibh. khmh kbjed skhtrhiu mh

prhvd pjvjm orsthŨoje bhphmh d bdig fdnj dsojrgbidvhbig

ohthrh. vgą uonhbihbig tje jphsbj trpgnidvje vdojbth ojkg

ig jċdengmbj fdnj mrhŲg mh sg mruŲd s igrg td`dkh bgej mh

sngmd Lrdstjvu vgru dstdbdtu" Fdnj ohoj fdnj. ohm ig vhrjŨ

dsprhŲbigbh. h Ohrohsjbihbd. ndŨgbd svg dkjvdbg. bhpustdnd

zhvdċhi. Vhikjb VjŲg dzvgmgb ig u nhb`dkh. mh fd eh pjtjk

Bh jvjk d n us t rjvhbjk ruojp dsu d z Nhbemjoh p r d ohzhb d su v d t gzjv d

u sgm n dkh ohoj sg fj rg p rsh u p rsh s oh th r dkh p r d n d ojk jpshmg

Ohrohsjbh "



7< EGBJ@DM9 OH]H VD. MGJ SVQD

jmvgnd u pjmzgkbg thkbd`g bigejvje zhkoh. erjajvsoje

mvjr`h. d thkj jsthvdnd bgevhkh prdojvhbje zh zdm" ]rdbhgst

bgmgnih ohsbdig. mgsgtje bjvgkfrh 8634. prjbhmgb ig thkj

krthv" Dkhj ig 6 = ejmdbg"

Vhik jb VjŲg ig zh sjfjk jsthvdj pgtjejmdŨbige sdbh.

Vhikjbh VjŲgh DQ. hnd uprojs muejejmdŨbidk bhpjrdkh.

fhŨtdbdo ]rgbo hvgnh bdohoj b dig uspgvhj mh sg dzfjrd zh

svjiu jċgvdbu" Dkjvdbh ]rgboh vgnh mhth ig pho Pdkjbu DQ




Dkh dl ojid skhtrhiu mh prhvd pjvjm

orsthŨoje bhphmh bh Ohrohsjb d

bdig fdnj dsojrgbidvhbig ohthrh. vgąuonhbihbig tje jphsbj trpgnidvje

vdojbth ojkg ig jċdengmbj fdnj mrhŲg

mh sg mruŲd s igrgtd`dkh bgej mh sngmd

Lrdstjvu vgru dstdbdtu"

ushknigbd. prgkmh ig pubdl Ũgst ejmdbh prjŨnj prg bgej

Ũtj ig doj ihvbj d jtvjrgbj dzrhzdj tg sukbig. h mjejmdnj

sg tj bh Ďgtvrtjk nhtgrhbsojk shfjru 8687" ejmdbg" ]hi

soup fdj ig pjsgfbj zbhċhihb zfje tjeh Ũtj ig shfjr shzvhj

bdoj mrued bgej phph Dbjągbtdig DDD" Dbjągbtdig ig d fdj

prdsuthb ohm ig Vhikjb jm Vjoagih. igmhb jm vgnkjŲh ojid

su uċgstvjvhnd u rhmu shfjrh. mdrgotbj jptuŲdj Pdkjbh

jm Kjbajrh zh ufdstvj" Vjoagi ig jtdŨhj d ojrho mhnig. ph

ig jptuŲfu zh znjċ db prjŨdrdj d bh phpu" Gvj Ũth ig rgohj

Dbjągbtdiu9

jmKjbajrh. j`u oumdohkj ċuvgbdige fhrjbh dstje dkgbh

ojid ąg pjsthtd Ũgstd grn jm Ngstgrh d jsthtd uphkągb ohjigmhb jm zhċgtbdoh phrnhkgbthrdzkh u Gbengsoji \DD D vgoh"

Mhbh 87" hveusth 8634" sthrdid Pdkjb jm Kjbajrh prjenhŨgb

ig zh vdojbth jm Fgzdigrh. Ohrohsjbh d svdl mruedl pjsgmh

ojid"su svjigvrgkgbj fdnd u vnhsbdŨtvu pjrjmd`g ]rgbohvgn"

PDKJB DQ JM KJBAJVH

Kjbajr. ojid ig pjtjk bhsngmdj

Hrbjh Hkjrdih bh kgstu vjibje

zhpjvgmbdoh orsthŨoje

pjljmh. jordvdj ig zhskrt Vhikjbh VjŲgh +

mdzgbtgrdiu. pjkgbuvŨd.

ohj uzergm. ‒fjŲhbsou

ohzbu& zh pruŲhbig

utjċdŨth d pjmrŨog

ohthrsodk igrgtd dkh"

Phkh pjkdshj bh

bgpjsrgmbu FjŲiu

ohzbu zh erglg fdnh

ig d tg ohoj zhvjmnidvhsrgmbijvgojvbjk

uku. igr jbh ig bh

bhifjnid bhċdb jsndohvhnh

hotdvbu unjeu Fjeh u

vjmgbiu niumsodl pjsnjvh" Sh

dpho. kbjed Ųdtgnid Nhbemjoh d

mhnig bdsu fdnd ufgmgbd mh ig svg fdnj

fhŨ thoj. ph su d mhnig pjmjzrgvhnd mh ig

dpho pjsrgmd bgoh pjmvhnh" D bdsu u tjkg fdnd

SjŨtj su ,orsthŨd$ ufdnd j`h d rhzfhŨtdbdnd sdbh. ljągtg nd.

ejspjmhru. mh td bigku jbj Ũtj ku p rdp hmh d shċuvhtd thoj vnhstdtj mjstjihbstvj: H hoj jmfdigtg mh ku mhtg Ũtj ku prdphmh . bgoh vhk sg Fje skdnuig p h vhŨji muŨd

bhtjvhrd d frgkg bigejvdl ergljvh(

Khnjfrjibd su jbd ojid su sg dohmh mrzbund mh phpd uputg

thoj jŨtrg rgċd. hnd Dbj ągb tdig ig Vhikjbh jm Vjoagih. pj

svgku sumgąd. igmvh umjstjidj jmejvjrh9 ‒Qdmgągkj

mh sg tj umgsd"& JptuŲfh zh ufdstvj fdnh

ig prhvh bjvdbh zh phpu Dbjągb tdih.

ojid ig. dbhċg. shk rgohj Hrbjnmu

Hkjrdiu. ijŨ 8680" ejmdbg.

mh ig Vhikjb VjŲg ‒kuċodufdigb&" W svhojk snuċhiu.

bdŨth bdig umbigbj ohoj

fd sg Vhikjbu VjŲgu DQ

d pjrjmd`d ]rgbohvgn

vrhtdnh prhvh ojih dk

prdphmhiu"

Sjsng phmh

Ohrohsjbh 87" hveusth

8634" erhm ig. jbhoj

utdlbuj d pjtpubjjpustgj. tgkgnibj

pjlhrhb d jpnihċohb"

Ohm ig thi ebusbd zhmhtho

jfhvnigb. Hkjrd d bigejvd

orsthŨd vrhtdnd su sg ouąhkh.

bjsgm sh sjfjk sdnbj znhtj.

srgfrj. mrheunig d mrued pngb. thoj

dzmhŨhb mh su ċho d bhisdrjkhŨbdid kgmu

fjr`dkh fdnd jfgzfgmgbd zh `gj Ųdvjt" ]dl

Erjajvsod mvjrh . sherhĘgb orhigk \DD vgo h. fdj ig ub utr hŨb ih Ejrg9 Sgċht Pdk jbh DQ jm Kj baj rh bh oji gk ig pr d ohzhb ojb ihbdo

tvrĘhvh Ohrohsjbh. h 8445" ejmdbg WBGPOJ ku ig mjmgn dj sthtus u njvu . s pj mde bu t dk nj vhċo dk rje jk d njv hċo dk psdk h oji d t rċg

svgtsog ounturbg fhŨt dbg" uz o j b ih "




bgojndoj sgmkd`h ojig su prjvgnd u Nhbemjou. sgmkd`h

jfgngŲgbdl zvgrstvdkh d pnihċojk. d ukrnihbdl bgmuŲbjk

orvniu + vgojvdkh sg. gvj. prgprdċhvhiu ohj igmb h jm

bhiigzjvdtdidl gpdzjmh u dstjrdid phpstvh" Hnd prgkmh

su orsthŨd bhbgnd tgŨog eufdtog ohthrdkh. bh ldnihmg dl

pjufdihnd d pjorgbund prhvu rgou dzfgend`h. Ũtj ig mjvgnj mjuzbgkdruiuąg prgbhsgnigbjstd jsthndl nhbemjċodl erhmjvh

+ jbd bdsu uspgnd bdtd mh ubdŨtg ohthrg. b dtd mh dl uzmrkhiu

u vgrd" H bdig dk. prdtjk. pjŨnj zh ruojk bd mh mjvjnihb

frji ohthrh prgvgmu u rdkjohtjndċou vgru mh fd kjend mh

prjenhsg bgohovu jmsumbu pjfgmu bhm tjk igrgsd"

SNGB. YGKNIH D QNHP]Srgebuąg bh ‒jċdŨągbiu& @rovg jm igrgsd. jċdengmbj. ijŨ bdig

fdnj jojbċhbj. d zhtj ig phph. dz ejmdbg u ejmdbu. bhbjvj

pjzdvhj u orsthŨog pjljmg" Pvrlh d skdshj tdl pjljmh

pjċgnd su. kgmutdk. mh sg kgbihiu pjŨtj su bjvjstd j

hnfdŲhbsodk ‒uspgsdkh& ojm Fgzdigrh d Ohrohsjbh pjċgnd

mh prdvnhċg svgŲu orv dz `gng Gvrjpg" Bdig kbjej vrgkgbh

prjŨnj h ldnihmg d ldnihmg bjvdl orsthŨh mjŨng su mh sg d jbg u

svgku jvhimg" Bdig bd pjtrgfbj bhpjkdbihtd mh vgądbd bidl

bdig bd fdnj bh phkgtd mh sg fjrg zh vjniu FjŲiu d zh @rovu.

vgą mh zhmjvjnig jsbjvbg pjrdvg ojid su d dbhċg pjċdvhnd u

tgkgniu srgmbijvgojvbje rhtjvhbih9 mh sg mjkjebu pngbh.

zgknig d vnhstd"

Jm tje bjvjusvjigbje. khtgrdihndstdċoje gtjsh

bhivdŨg sg jojrdstdj Pdkjb DQ jm Kjbajrh. ojid sg kgmu

agumhn`dkh d vnhstgnjk tjeh mjfh prdndċbj bdsoj ojtdrhj

svg mjo sg bdig mjojphj dkjvdbg ]rgbohvgnh u Nhbemjou"

Bgzbhtbd su prg tjeh fdnd Kjbajrjvd pjsgmd bh tnu mhbhŨbig

Arhb`usog" Jsgtbj ig jihċhj bhsngmdvŨd. zhigmbj s khiojk.

Hkjrd d bigejvd orsthŨd vrhtdnd

su sg ouąhkh. bjsggd sh sjfjk znhtj. srgfrj. mrheunig d mrued

pngb. thoj dzmhŨhb mh su ċho d

bhisdrjkhŨbdid kgmu bidkh fdnd

jfgzfgmgbd zh `gj Ųdvjt"

zvhbig grnh jm Ngstgrh. h tdkg d jmejvhrhiuąg. grnjvsog

pjsgmg bh gbengsojk tnu" ]hi dkgtho prgŨhj ig. dstdbh. uċdstj tgjrgtsod mjkgb ohmh ig 8635" Ijvhb fgz Ygknig.

gbengsod orhni. ojbadsojvhj svg pjsgmg grnh jm Ngstgrh.

prdsvjidvŨd prd tjk ċho d bigejvg rgmjvbg prdbhmngŲbjstd"

Bg ċumd stjeh Ũtj ig Pdkjb jm Kjbajrh. jmvhŲhb. hnd d

joruthb vjibd zhpjvgmbdo. pjzbht ohj ċjvgo ‒prgvhrhbt.

eruf d bgpjŨtgb&. orgbuj mh bhmjobhmd dzeufnigbj. bg

fdrhiuąd srgmstvh" S rdndoh ku sg. thoj. uohzhnh u Nhbemjou.

h ohm sg igmbjk bhŨhj bh ċgnu orsthŨog vjisog. engmhj ig mh

dz tjeh dzvuċg Ũtj vgąu ojrdst"

Shpd Dbjągbtdiu DDD fdnj ig pjtrgfbj

vrgkgbh mh uvdmd ohoj Kjbajr d

bigejvd bjvd ‒orsthsd& vdsg. u stvhrd.

snuŲg shkdkh sgfd bgej PvgvdŨbigk.

h prg bgej Ũtj ig tj slvhtdj. kbjed su

erhmjvd bhphmbutd d pjlhrhbd. sdnhbig Ųdvhni prgtrpgj uŲhsg d strhljtg. d ijs su

kbjeh zvgrstvh pjċdbigbh"

Shpd Dbjągbtdiu DDD fdnj ig pjtrgfbj vrgkgbh mh

uvdmd ohoj Kjbajr d bigejvd bjvd ‒orsthsd& vdsg. u stvhrd.

snuŲg shkdkh sgfd bgej PvgvdŨbigk. h prg bgej Ũtj ig tj

slvhtdj. kbjed su erhmjvd bhphmbutd d pjlhrhbd. sdnhbig

Ųdvhni prgtrpgj uŲhsg d strhljtg. d ijŨ su kbjeh zvgrstvh

pjċdbigb h. khmh ig prdvdm orsthŨoje pjljmh ohoj+thoj

jmrŲhvhb uzergmbdk pjeu fnigbidkh vdsg stjtdbh ohthrh"

Dbjągbtdig ig ojbhċbj 8680" ejmdbg bhrgmdj mh sg bh

orsthŨod pjljm prjtdv ohthrh u Nhbemjou ojbhċbj sthvd

thċoh" Qj ibd`d L rdstjvd + fdj ig uvgrgb phph + dkhiu shm d

phkgtbdih pjsnh. ohj Ũtj fd. rg`dkj. kjenj fdtd prgjtdkhbig

Pphbdig dz ruou khvhrsodl kulhkgmhbh`h. dnd pho pjbjvbj

zhuzdkhbig Igrushndkh. ojid ig 88<5" jpgt phj u shrh`gbsog

ruog"

Shpdbh jmnuoh stdenh ig dpho prgohsbj" ]g 8680. pjsng

ċgtdrd ejmdbg rhtjvhbih d prjejbh. HnfdŲhbsod orsthŨod

pjljm jtrehj sg svhoji ojbtrjnd? prvjfdtbd kjtdv. mh

sg dstrgfg ohthrd. shmh sg dsprgpngj s tgrdtjrdihnbdk

prgtgbzdihkh kjąbdl vgnkjŲh d orhnigvh. hnd d s igmbjk

Ųdvjtbjk. bgdzfgŲbjk ċdbigbd`jk9 uprojs svji Ũtgtd ojiuig

thi orsthŨn`d pjljm mj tje ċhsh bhprhvdj. uprojs rhzhrhbiu

sdnbdl zhkojvh d erhmjvh. pjojniu ldnihmh d ldnihmh niumd.

uprojs fgzfrjibdk u prjphŨągbdk Ųdvjtdkh + ohthrd.

Ďumbjvhth ig f d nh skrt P dkjbh DQ jm Kjbajrh" Yh vrgkg jpshmg

]unuzh 868<" ejm dbg u e nhvu eh ig pjejmdj zh nu th n d ohkgb sh

jf n d Ųb ige oh thpu n th "




7 jtd lanttn fngssg rt




prgkmh jsnhfnigbd. jpsthnd su d svjiu igrgtdċou vgru shċuvhnd

prhotdċbj bgthobutu" Pvg tj phpd Dbjągbtdiu prgmjċdj ig

ċvrstjruohŨ Hrbj Hrbjrd. uz bhpjkgbu mh bdpjŨtj bdig

prhvd trgbutho mh sg bhpustd fjibj pjnig" Fjrfh. u ojiu ig

Hkjrd vgą fdj unjŲdj tjndoj vrgkgbh d trumh. kjrhnh ig

Ohthrsod rht. ohoj ig HnfdŲhbsod

orsthŨod pjljm thojmg bhzdvhb. jtgehj

sg ijŨ 81 ejmdbh pjsng zvhbdċbje

zhvrŨgtoh. d bhmŲdvgj bgog jm svjidl

enhvbdl hotgrh"

Sgċht e rj ah Vh ikjbh Q D D ]u nusoje p r d ohzu ig jvje p ngk dąh bh

ojb iu . s t u nuso dk o rs tjk bh Ũ t d t u d ojb i soj i jp rgk d . t i " p rgo r d vhċu "

mh sg bhsthvd" Dbjągbtdiu pho bdig fdnj mrueg bgej mh sg

pjvdbuig njed`d sdtuh`dig. thoj mh ig jmnuou j jojbċhbiu

HnfdŲhbsoje orsthŨoje pjljmh pjbdŨtdj igmvh pgt kgsg`d

pjŨtj iu ig jfbhrjmjvhj"

OVHI OVP]HţOJE SJLJMHOjbhċbd orhl ohthrstvh bdig. kgmutdk. fdj pnjm dsoniuċdvj

vjibg ho`dig. ohj Ũtj ig. vgrjvhtbj. Hrbj Hkjrd snutdj

mh ąg fdtd. ph bd u pjtpubjstd uspgnje prgjfrhąhbih u

rdkjohtjndċou vgru. ċgku sg zh`gnj bhmhj phph Dbjągbtdig"

Ohthrsod rht ,mrued bhzdv zh HnfdŲhbsod orsthŨod pjljm$

jtgehj sg ijŨ pubdl 81 ejmdbh d thoj bhmŲdvgj bgog jm

svjidl enhvbdl hotgrh" Shph Dbjągbtdig prgkdbuj ig 8681"

Pdkjb jm Kjbajrh pjedbuj ig 868<" ejmdbg. ohmh eh ig

zhnuthnd ohkgb dz ohthpunth pjejmdj prhvj u enhvu zh vrgkg

jpshmg ]unuzh" Hrbj Hk jrd ig uk rj 8667"HnfdŲhbsod orsthŨod pjljm j ojbċhb ig ċgtdrd ejmdbg

ohsbdig ,8664$. pjŨtj su Arhb`uzd bhbgnd pjrhz

Vhikjbu QDD ]unusojk. sdbu Vhikjbh QD"

Srj`gbiuig sg mh ig zh tg mvg mg`gbdig. ojndoj

ig jvhi suojf trh ihj. u fjrfhkh pjedbunj

joj kdndjb niumd. fumuąd mh su sg uŲhsd

vdĘgbd ojm Fgzdigrh d Ohrohsjbh

ohsbdig pjbjvdnd u vdsg bhvrhth"

Sjtpdsuiuąd Shrdsod kdrjvbd

spjrhzuk 86" hprdnh 8664"ejmdbg. Vhikjb QDD ustupdj

ig svjig zhkojvg d zgknidŨbg

pjsgmg. kgmu ojidkh ig u

tjk trgbutou fdj d Nhbemjo.

arhb`usojk orhniu Nuiu D\"

Fdnh ig tj. dstdbh jmj`bgnh.

pjfgmh Nuigvje mgmg.

vgrjnjkbje d pjmkuonje Adndph

DD Hveusth. ojid ig u r

ohsbj ,8687$. mh fd 8= ejmdbhohsbdig. dpho. khohr pjstlukbj.

pjfrhj ohikho" Vhikjb ig shmh

kjrhj mh sg zhmjvjnid khndk

pjsgmdkh. s erhmjk ]unuzjk ohj

igmdbdk zbhċhibdk upjrdŨtgk"

]j. kgmutdk. bdig fdnj svg" Wprhvj bh

mhb pjtpdsdvhbih Shrdsoje spjrhzukh. Vhikjb

ig kjrhj mh prgtrpd bhiejrg pjbdŲgbig" Sjċgtho jvje

orsthŨoje pjljmh. pubg mvg mg`gbdig rhbdig. jfgngŲdnh

ig ihvb h pjojrh Vh ikjbjvje j`h. Vh ikjbh QD" Phmh ig pho dstjvgtbh ohzbh bhkgbigbh sdbu jfgngŲdnh orhi

orsthŨoje pjljmh" Srdkj rhb mh jtrpd ihvbj pjbdŲgbig.




Vhikjb QDD ig fdċgvhb svgŲbigk vrfjvje pruąh bh treu

dsprgm Fjejrjmdċdbg `rovg u Shrdzu" Sjsng tjeh fhċgb ig u

thkbd`u" D. Ũtj ig bhivhŲbdig. uspgnd su jm bigeh mh dsohkċg

jfgąhbig mh ąg sh svjijk vjisojk ufumuąg uċgstvjvhtd u

prjejbu ohthrh"

SJQVH]HO DBOQDYD@DIG

Wprhvj utj vrgkg njv bh ohthrg d jsthng igrgtdog unhzdj ig

ubjvu. zbhtbj pjeufbdiu ahzu" Ereur D\. ojid ig zh phpu

dzhfrhb 8665" ejmdbg. bdig kjehj. ohj bigejvd prgtljmbd`d.

mhsgzhmjvjnid puodk pjzdvhbigk bh orsthdod rht. h mh

jbmh shv prnihv pjshj prgpustd vjibd`dkh" Bg. Ereur ig

dkhj fjniu. prgkmh erjzjkjrbdiu zhk dshj" Jb ig. bhdkg.

jfbjvdj gpdsojpsou ,fdsoupsou$ dbo vdzd`diu. ohj kgtj mu

rhzrhċubhvhbih s igrgtd`dkh ojih ig prvjfdtbj uvgmgbh

88<=" ejmdbg. hnd bdig mhnh Ųgnigbg rgzunthtg"

Fdsoupdkh ojidkh ig zhphnj mh prgmvjmg dbovdzd`diu

bdig. pj svgku sumgąd. fdnj fjezbh ohoj sthnj mj njvh bh

igrgtdog. h ijŨ khbig mj zhstrhŨu iuądl ohzbd oj ig ig trgfhnj

sonjbjstd. h nd d dz mruedl rhznjeh. prd ċgku bdohoj bg fd trgfhnj prgbgfrgebutd jsoumbu muljvbu jfuou d bgm jsththo phstdrsog rgvbjstd. fdvhiu bgspjsjfbd mh

prjb jsg rgċ FjŲiu d uprhvnihiu niumdkh"

Bh pjigmdbdk kgstdkh niumdkh ig. u svhojk snuċhiu.

djbhoj fdnj fgzk hnj bgk jeuąg uprhvnihtd. igr svgtdbh ig

ċgstj prguzdkhnh vnhst ohmh fd bgod tjfjŲbid igrgtdo fdj

jtordvgb. h ufrzj zhtdk. pj orhtojk pjstupou. d ohŲbigb"

Bjvh. phpsoh. dnd rdksoh dbovdzd`dih. ojiu ig uvgj phph

Ereur. bdig dkhnh zh `dni shkj fjrfu prjtdv thovdl vdmjvh

znjupjtrgfg vgą d dzerhmbiu igmbg fjnig jrehbdzh`dig.

mgnjtvjrbdig d prgmhbdig vgndojk zhmhtou sphshvhbih

niumsodl muŨh jm igrgs d. hnd d ohŲbihvhbiu + d tj strjejk +

fdnj ojeh oj fd sg mrzbuj mh sg bg pjohig zfje sorgthbih

s prhvje puth" W tjk. jsvgtjniufdvdigk svjk jfndou.

dbovdzd`dih ig pjsthnh + d vgojvdkh jsthnh + sdbjbdk zh

bgzhkdsndvh kuċgbih. uŲhsg d phtbiu"

Fdsoupdkh ojidkh ig zhphnj mh

prgmvjmg dbovdzd`diu bdig. pj svgku

sumgąd. fdnj fjezbh ohoj sthnj mj

njvh bh igrgtdog. h ijs khbig mj

zhstrhŨuiuądl ohzbd ojig ig trgfhnj

dzrd`htd"

dzrd`htd" Sjigmdbd kgĘu bidkh bdsu. ŨthvdŨg. fdnd ohmrd mh

prgpjzbhiu igrgs bd ohm dk ig fdnh prgm jċdkh" Jsthnd su.

jpgt. fdnd u prgvdsg fndsodk jmbjsdkh s pjrjmd`hkh usvjidkphrjldihkh mh fd dk ujpŨtg phnj bh phkgt mh fd

igmbjeh mhbh kjend mh uċgstvuiu u prjejbu mrhedl niumd"

Pvhjvhpdthbihbgsukbidvj su fdsoupsou dbovdzd`diu mjvgnh

u bguejmhb pjnjŲhi. Ũtj sg vdmd d pj jvjk pdshbiu phpg

Dbjągbtdih DDD dz 8687" ejmdbg9

Bgrgtoj sg mgŨhvh mh fdsoupd. zfje svjidl frjibdl

zhbdkh`dih. tgngsbdl zhmjvjnisthvh d rhtbdċodl

Shph Ereur D\. dzhfrhb 8665" ejmdbg. u vrgkg ohmh sg HnfdŲhbsod orsthŨod pjljm f ndŲdj or hiu. jsb jvhj ig 8608"

bovdzd`diu ojih ċho d mhb+mhbhs prgmsthvnih sdbjbdk zh

grjr d phtbiu"



SHSG

EGBJ@DM9

OH]HVD. MGJ MVWED

Dbovdzd`dih. ojiu ig 8608" usthbjvdj phph Ereur D\. dkhnh ig zh `dni fjrfu prjtdv svdl igrgsd. kh emg sg jbg pjihvdng u ohtjndċoji Gvrjpd.

hnd prvj sg bh umhru bhŨnj uċgbig ojig su prjpjvgmhnd ohthrd.

jmkgtbd`d jm rdksoje prhvjvgrih"

♡

phsbjst ojiu su ohthrd prgmsthvnihnd zh zvhbdċbu

`rovu pjċdvhnh ig. prg svgeh. u bidljvji frjibjstd. u

pjmrŨ`d kjąbdl pngkdąh ohj Ũtj su fdnd Vhikjb QD

m]unuzh d bigejv sdb Vhikjb QDD. zhtdk u Ũdrgb iu ohthrsog

grdtjrdig pj iuejzhphmu mhbhŨbig Arhb`usog d sgvgrjdstjċbg

phbdig. ohj d u bidljvji dzmrŲnidvjstd. zhlvhniuiuąd ojiji su d

spgnd mh jpsthbu. shċuvhvŨd svjiu vgru d pjsng dzburuiuąge

HnfdŲhbsoje orsthŨoje pjljmh ojid ig pjtrhihj pubg mvg

hsjvbj sphnidvhbig ,ngvj$ ohthrh bhmjkho bidljvje upjrdŨth u

jbsgedru 86==" ejmdbg ojbhċbj ig snjkdnj odċku ohthrsoji vgrd"

hph Ereur D\ ,ejrg$ dkgbjvhj ig mjkdbdohbsog arhtrg zh enhvbg

rhŲdtgnig igrgsd"

mg`gbdig" Vht sg. kgmutdk. bhsthvdj d pjsng pjtpdsdvhbih

Shrdsoje spjrhzukh. ojidk ig orsthŨod pjljm fhr zvhbdċbj

jojbċhb 8664" ejmdbg? ŨthvdŨg thi mrued bigejv mgj fdj ig d

orvhvdid. h d muŲg ig trhihj" Dspjsthvdąg sg bh orhiu mh ig fjrfh

prjtdv igrgsd bhmkhŨdnh vgądbu srgmbijvgojvbdl suojfh d pj

jorutbjstd d pj kgrhk h zhstrhŨdvhbih ojidkh ig ihċh strhbh

prdfgehvhnh ohoj fd jstvhrdnh `dnigvg ojig ig pjsthvdnh"

G O P ] VG K B G K G V G

Ptj sg tdċg srgmbijvgojvbg @rovg. gostrgkbg kgrg pjsthng

su jprhvmhbg ohmh ig igrgs mjvgnh lrdŨąhbsou vgru u orhibiu

jphsbjst" WerjŲgbd su fdnd shkd tgkgnid mruŨtvh. igr su

snjfjmjukbd kdsndj`d. jbd ojid su jmfh`dvhnd ‒igmdbu prhvu

1 7



11 EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HVD. MGJ MVWED

Pnjfjm juk hb kdsndnhg. ojid ig

jmfh`dvhj ‒igmdbu prhvu @rovu& d

jprgmgnidvhj sg zh sjpstvgbh vgrjvhbihd jfrgmg. prgmsthvnihj ig suŨtdbsou

prgtbiu u jċdkh svdl prhvjvgrbdl"

Ereur D\ usthbjvdj

ig p hp s o u db o v dzd ` d iu

8608" ejmdbg. khmh

jb n dċbj. zh rhz n dou

j m m j k d b d o h b h ` h

oj i dkh ig pj vgr dj

u njeg dbov dz d tj rh . b d i g

jmjfrhvhj p r dkgbu

kuċ gb ih u d s t rhz d"

@rovu„ d jprgmgndnd sg zh sjpstvgbh vgrjvhbih d jfrgmg.

prgmsthvnihnd suŨtdbsou prgtbiu u jċdkh svdl prhvjvgrbdl"

@rovh ig. bhpjsngtou. fdnh thi tgkgni bh ojigk ig pjċdvhj

muljvbd kdr phstvg. ċdih ig sdeurbjst pjm bgfgsodk svjmjk

zhvdsdnh uprhvj jm `rovgbje uċgbih" Wojndoj vgrbdog tjeh

ndŨdtg. bhstupdąg jpŨtg orvjprjndąg"

W tjou bhrgmbdl ċgtvrt vgoh. jpshmg erhmjvh d zhkojvh.

h tdkg d pjojni jbdl ojid fd sg u bidkh zhtgond. bhsthvdj sg

fgz zhmrŨog. prd ċgku vdsg bdig fdnj snuċhigvh mh ohzbgbd

jmrgmd dspjnig kdnjsrĘg" Phmh su. zhprhvj. fdnd kbjej

ejrd bgej prg" Dbov dzd`dih phpg E reurh prgmbihċdnh ig u

zvgrstvdkh fumuąd mh sg jsnhbihnh bh bhiŨdrh jvnhŨągbih ojih

ig dbovdzdtjrdk h mhj shk pjbtda" @ho d u jpdsu bidljvje

rhmbje kgsth. dbqudsdtjr lgrgtd`hg prhvdthtds ,dstrhŲdtgni

ig rg tdċog dzjp hċgb jstd$ . fdnj ig bgog igzdvg bjtg s prdzvuojknumdnh Ũtj ig u prhzbjvgrbjk uku prdzdvhnh sgbog mgkjbh.

bgċhstdvjeh d bhi`rbige znh"

FGY KDNJP]DOhthrd su fdnd d tg ohoj svgsbd mh zh bidl bgąg fdtd kdnjstd

ohm mjk dbdohb `d igmbjk prdjbu bh dzvrŨgbig zhmhtoh ojid

dk ig pjvgrgb" Ohmh sg dbovdzd`dih u prjngąg 8600" skgstdnh

u Nhbemjou. jbd su utjċdŨtg pjtrhŲdnd bh sdeurbdidk

kgstdkh. ohj Ũ tj su D>jm dig+mg+Agbuigm dnd Kjbsgedr.

jfh bh arhb`usodk jfrjb`dkh Sdrdbgih" Kjbsgedr ig

fdj bh enhsu pj svjiji tvrĘhvd. skgŨtgbji usrgm

sbgejk joru bigbdl pnhbdbsodl vrljvh" Nhoj ig

fdnj jsgtdtd sg fgzfgmbdk u tdk fnhejrjmbdk

zhfdtdkh. hnd bdig svhojkg fdnj mhtj mh

ukhobg dbovdzd`did d prjbhmg sdeurbj

prdfgŲdŨtg"

Htkjsagrh uŲhsh d sukbig

bgdzfgŲbj ig pjċgnh mh prgvnhmhvh

u ]unuzu d mruedk erhmjvdkh

Nhbemjoh emg su svd. fdnd ohthrd

dnd bg. rdzdojvhnd mh dl bgoj

dzmh dbovdzd`di d. Ũtj ig. jpgt.

zh sjfjk pjvnhċdnj uŲhsbg

Dbovdzd`dih phpg Ereurh prgmbihċdnhig u zvgrstvdkh fumuąd mh sg jsnhbihnh

bh bhiŨdrh jvnhŨągbih ojih iji ig shk

p jb tda mhj"



EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ MVWED 15

MJKDBDOHB@D DBOQDYD]JVD

Mjkdbdohb d. prdphmbd d Vgmh arhthrh prj+

pjvgmbdoh. ojidkh ig fdnh bhkgbigbh unjehenhvbdl phpsodl dbovdzdtjrh. fdnd su pjsgfbh vrsth

dsouŨgbdoh. ojig ig bidljv Ũphbsod utgkgnidvhċ

Mjkdbdo mg Euzkhb svrsdsljmbj jfuċhvhj

ohoj fd phrdrhnd ohthrsodk prgagotdkh u hsogzd.

sdrjkhŨtvu d pjfjŲbjstd" Euzkhb. ojid ig ohbjbd+

zjvhb ohj svgtd Mjkdbdo svgeh 80 ejmdbh pjŨtj

ig 8668" prgkdbuj. zhphzdj ig. bhdkg. mh ohthrsod

prgagotd jmhbjst phstvg stdċu uprhvj zhlvhniuiuąd

svjiji pjbdzbjstd d shkjjmrd`hbiu" Mjkdbdohb`d

ąg. ċvrstj ig rgŨdj bidljv jsbdvhċ. fdtd rhvbd tdk

prgagotdkh d u pjfjŲbjstd d u pjŲrtvjvhbjstd. igr

ig tj igmdbd bhċdb mh sg ohthrsog muŨg dzfhvg erglh

dvrhtg pjm jordnig Vdkh" H mjkdbdohb d ąg. zh tj

vrgkg. kjrhtd mh Ųdvg u svgtu. kgmu niumdkh. h bg

zhonjbigbd khbhstdrsodk zdmdbhkh? kjrhąg. fhŨ

ohj ohthrsod prgagotd. bgpjsrgmbj mh rhzejvhrhiu

s bhrjmjk d dzfgehvhiu svhou rhsojŨ d uehmhbig

vnhstdtdkċundkh. bh Ũth su. dbhċg. tjndoh svgŨtgbh

nd h tjeh mjfh fdnh snhfh"Mjkdbdo. bhŲhnjst. bdig u mjvjnibji kgrd

uzgj u jfzdr tj jsgąhbig sjpstvgbg dsprhvbjstd d

prhvdąbjstd ojiu sjfjk pjsnjvdċbj bjsd strjej

purdthbsod bhċdb Ųdvjth. bdtd ig bh vrgkg prgm+

vdmgj thi prdvdm kjrhdbg supgrdjrbjstd ojid ąg sg.

prgkmh pjtpubj suprjthb shkjpjtdrhbiu ojig ig

jb pjouŨhvhj mh dk ushmd. rhzvdtd ojm bigejvdl

sngmfgbdoh" Ybh sg. sgk tjeh. mh gostrgkd uvgo

stvhrhiu gostrgkdstg. h ahbhtdog ojid fd mhbhs fdnd

skhtrhbd zh onhsdċbg psdljphtg Vgm kjbhlh prj+pjvgmbdoh prdvnhmj ig uprhvj zfje tjeh Ũtj dk

ig prdoniumvhbig dbovdzd`did jkjeuąhvhnj mh dŲdvg

svjig mdvnihċog bhejbg pjm pnhŨtjk prhvgmbdċoje

zhbjsh" Shph kjŲmh igstg. h kjŲmh d bdig prdkgtdj

ohovd tj niumd dmu u dbovdzdtjrg" Pvgigmbj. svdkh

fd pjŲgngj mjfrjmjŨnd`u. h jbmh dl snhj mhnig. u

Arhb`usou. dnd bgod mrued mgj Gvrjpg. emg fd sg

mjkdbdohb d ufrzj prjċund pj pjstup dkh igzd+

vdkċho d pj surjvdk kgrdndkh tjeh vrgkgbh" Pvgt d Mjkdb do . jsb dvhċ mjkdb dohbsoje rgmh . p r d ohzhb ig jvmg p r d n d ojk

Bdig. stjeh. bdohovj ċumj Ũtj sg bh orhiu j shkjf dċgvhb ih " Jvu p rhosu . bhz dvhbu d ‒kuċgb ig tg nh „ . V dkjohtj n d ċoh

mjkdbdohb dkh ejvjrdnj ohj j ‒`rbdk arhtrdkh&" `rovh uo dbu nh ig u \ DQ vgou "



1< EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HV D. MGJ MVWED

W Ż H P B H P W M F D B H E J P S J ē G F W V Y D I G

EjspjĘh Furzdig. pjsthrdih sngmfgbd`h ohthrsog vgrg. dbhċg

rjĘgbh ]unuŲhboh. ngŲhnh ig bh jmru ohmh su dbovdzdtjrd

mjkdbdohb`d. 7" hveusth 860=" ejmdbg. mjŨnd u bigb mjk.

svgeh bgojndoj ouąh umhnigb jm erhmsog ohtgmrhng" Żgbu ig

zhmgsdnh pjtrgsbh sumfdbh"

]unusod ohthrd bdsu sg rhzkgthnd svjijk vgrjk. u

bhmd mh ąg dzfgąd prjejb. h vrgkgŨbh ejspjĘh. ojih ig

fub`hnh bh ukjru. mj tjeh ig ċhsh d shkh fdnh igmbh jm

tdl bgprdkgtbdl vgrbdoh ,`rgmgbtgs$" Mj tjeh ċhsh. igr iu

ig igmhb bigb snueh. ċuvŨd Ũth sthrd`h prdċh u mgndrdiuku.

jmhj mjkdbdohb`dkh" Edijk Sgndsjb. mjkdbdohbsodkjbhl. mjŨhj ig u svjistvu snuŲfgbje dbovdzdtjrh. mjo

ig mrued. Vhikjb jm Ajeg. dbhċg fdsoup tunusod. snjvdj zh

ċjvgoh prgvgihbje d prgojkgrbj sonjbje svhojvrsbdk

svdrgpjstdkh" Ohmh su mvjid`h mjk dbdohbh`h uŨnh u ouąu

khmhk Furzdig d stgpgbdŨtgk sg pjpgnd mj bigbg sjfg.

sthrdmbg bhifndŲg jfuzgnh ig strhvh9 muej sg vgą bhm bidkh

bhmvdihnh sgboh sukbig mh prdphmhiu ohthrsoji igrgsd. h jvj

Ũtj sg shmh mjehmhnj pj svgku ig ndmnj bh orhi" Hoj bg zh

svg bidl. h jbj zh ejspjmu Furzdig tj ąg svhohoj fdtd orhi"

Igmhb jm b igb dl uouąhbh. u bhmd mh ąg stdądfnhejvrgkgbj mh upjzjrd sthrd`u bh jphsbg ejstg ojid

su uŨnd u ouąu. mjŨhpbuj iji ig mh ig stdehj ‒vgngċhsbd

fdsoup&" Ejspjmh Furzdig. kgmutdk. fdnh ig vgą prgmhngoj

zhfrhzmdnh u mgndrdiuk" W tjk fubdnu umbdnj iji sg mh

tj zhprhvj ohthrsod prgagot. Ednhfgr jm Ohstrh. stjid

orhi bigbg pjstgnig" Vhikjb jm Ajeg iu ig jsthvdj u tjk

uvgrgbiu d prgtvhrhj sg mh ig zhdsth ohthrsod prgagot. h

svg bg fd nd ig pjmsthohj mh mh jmuŨoh svjidk ohthrsodk

uvgrgbidkh. bhvjmgm ig bh tj d jvdk rgmkh9 ..W strhlu

jm skrtd bg fd trgfhnj mh dspjvgmdŨ bdŨth sgk jbjeh u

Ũth vgruigŨ ċvrstj. svdk sr`gk"& Bh uŲhs bigbg pjrjmd`g.

sdrjth sthrd`h shkh ig sgfg jsumdnh bh skrt. h fdsoup ig tgo

thmh svjiji Ųrtvd jfzbhbdj oj ig d Ũth ig. d prdtjk ig jsumdj

bh skrt" DzvrŨgbiu ohzbg dkhnj ig mh sg prdstupd jmkhl"

Yhtdk ig bh mgnj stupdnj mstj znj. h prdzjr ojigk su

prdsustvjvhnd svgmj`d bdig mj thmh fdj zhfgngŲgb bd u

dbovdzdtjrsodk hbhndkh" Fgspjkjąbh sthrd`h prvj ig

vgzhbh zh orgvgt. mh fd ig pjtjk sbgnd u prdzgknig ouąg

d dzbgnd bh und`u. ph ig thoj jmbgnd svg mj pjnihbg dzvhberhmsodl zdmdbh" H thk j ig svdtu vgą ċgohnh zhphnigbh

njkhċh. d ejspjĘh Furzdig ig. prgm frjibjk. zbhtdŲgnibjk

Vhzfhjhb d pj pjmu d sp rgm jvje mjkdb dohbsoje kjbhlh ngŲg

bgo d d b s t ruk gbt d o j ig su ċ nhbjv d b igejvje rgmh upj t rgf nihvh nd s

` d n i gk mh d sojrgbg ig rg t d og "

svgtdbjk. fhċgbh u pnhkgb" Igmvh ijŨ prd svgstd. th sthrd`h

kjŲmh. zhprhvj. bd u igmbjk trgbutou bdig fdnh svgsbh

Ũth iji sg mjehmh. bdtd ig dohmh shzbhnh oj ig tj jm bigbgpjsnueg pjmngehj dsouŨgbiu d prdlvhtdj bherhmu ojiu ig

dbovdzd`dih bumdnh svhojkg oj jmh bgoje igrgtdoh"



EGBJ@DM9 OH]H VD. MGJ MVWED 14

Ь Ь 6 Ь

u t u g

R aupR urua t d d

a W d r г С Э )t g d d k H ` ¿ = d

) l + = ) "

б г нh a £ r r ) 2 d “ m ! 2 " j , r d ` j r d

Bh jvjk ruojpdsu dz \DQ vgoh phph Ereur D\ prgmsthvn igb ig u ċhsu ohm ku dbovdzd tjr. oji d ongċd prgm bi dk. uruċuig spdsojvg s dkgbdkh

jptuŲgbdl zh igrgs"



53 EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HVD. MGJ MVWED

ohzbg" Jmhbjst @rovd d bigbdk uċgbidkh trgfhnj ig mh fumg

enhvbd kjtdv ojid ig dbovdzdtjrg pjmstd`hj bh dstrheu igrgtdoh"

Bh mgnu. kgmutdk. fdnd su bgod shsvdk mruehċdid pjrdvd"

SjfjŲbjst ig u sr`dkh tdl niumd bgrgtoj ustuphnh kgstj

rhzbdk rhznjzdkh ndċbg prdrjmg. ohj Ũtj ig. rg`dkj. prdndoh

mh sg dzkdrg sthrd rhċubd. mh sg jtrgsg bguejmbje suphrbdoh.

dnd mh sg bh prdordvgb bhmb zhmjvjnid pjovhrgbh khŨth

zndojvh`h d ċjvgojkrzh`h"

DBOQDYD]JV P]DŻG W EVHMShpsoh dbovdzd`dih zh tg kjtdvg bdig khrdnh" Bigbd niumd fdnd

su jfuċgbd mh dspngtu krgŲu joj svdl prjohzhbdl d mh. u dstj

vrgkg. zhpuŨg khohr d bhikhbiu rupu orjz ojiu fd jvd kjend

mh ukhobu ‒prhvmd&" Pvg fd pjċgnj thoj Ũtj dbovdzdtjr mjmg

u erhm. pjprdċh s kgsbdk svgŨtgbstvjk. h jbmh pjzjvg sgfd

svg jsjfg kuŨoje pjnh sthrdig jm 8= d Ųgbsoje pjnh dzbhm 86

ejmdbh. zhltgvhium jm bidl mh pjtvrmg svjiu pubu njihnbjst

prhvjvgrbjk ohtjndċhbstvu" Bdig bd pjtrgfbj bhpjkdbihtd mh

su jbd ojid fd jmfdnd mh tj umbg dstjeh ċhsh fdnd jfgngŲgbd ohj

ergŨbd`d d. bhivgrjvhtbdig. igrgtd`d" Dbovdzdtjr fd dk mhj bgmgniu

mhbh mh rhzkdsng j pjnjŲhiu u ojigk su sg bhŨnd. mh dspjvgmg

svjig erglg d ihvbj prdzbhiu oj su d Ũth su"

Sjsng tjeh. jbd ojid fd d mhnig jmfdihnd mh shrhmuiu fdnd

fd pjzvhbd mh sg pjihvg prgm dbovdzd`dijk. ti" prgm bigbdk

zhstrhŨuiuądk. bgukjnidvdk dsngmbd`dkh" D niumd su mjnhzdnd.mjfrj zbhium mh prgm dbovdzd`dijk bdoj bdig fgzfgmhb. ċho

bd hoj ngŲd bh jmru. ohj ejspjmh Furzdig. dnd hoj ig prdojvhb

zh fjnbdċou pjstgniu. tg mh jphsbjst bg kdkjdnhzd bd

ukjfjnbdog mih fub`hbih dbovdzdtjrd thojmg prdlvhthiu ohj

vhnihbg mjohzg"

Mjo ig pjċdvŨd phph Dbjągbtdig DDD prdfgehvhj fnhedk.

mdpnjkhtsodk srgmstvdkh. Ũhniuąd `dstgr`dtg mh s ohthrdkh

vjmg rhsprhvg j vgrd d gvgbtuhnbj dl p rgjfrhtg. Ereur D\

bhstupdj ig kbjej prgmuzdknidvdig" Bigk u ig. bhdkg. ĘrhŲg

SjfjŲbjst ig ċgstj jsthihnh u

sg b m rhzbdl rhznjeh ndċbg prdrjmg.

ohj Ũtj ig. rg`dkj. prdndoh mh sg

dzrhvbhiu bgod sthrd rhċubd"

fdnj mh khbdpundŨg bjvjbhsthnjk sdtuh`dijk d dsojrdstd

bhibdŲg niumsog bhejbg ohoj fd mjŨhj mj Ųgnigbdl rgzunthth"

D. ohoj ig tj kjrhnj fdtd. thkj emg ig Dbjągbtdig pjmfh`dj.

Ereur ig pjstdehj uspgl" Mh fd jstvhrdj svjig `dnigvg.

prgmbjst ig mhj mjk dbdohb`dkh. d dbhċg vdċbdk ohm svgmjoh

trgfh zhstrhŨdtd d zfubdtd u tji kgrd mh bgsrgąbd`d ufrzj phmbu

u sthbig u ojigk igmvh mh kjeu zmrhvj mh rhsumuiu"

WSJVBJ PHPNWţHQHBIGSjzbhigŨ nd bgoje igrgtdoh: Igsd nd eh sojrj vdmgj. d ojndoj ig tj

ċgstj fdnj. emg d ohmh: Oj ig fdj s bidk: Oj eh ig pjsgądvhj:

Igsd nd vdmgj fdnj ojeh mh sg prgkh bgojk ohthru jmbjsd s

P S H N I D Q H B I G K V ] Q D L

Vhspjkhknigbd pjtohzdvhm bdsu Ũtgmgnd ċho bd pjojibdog"

..JptuŲgbd„ fd ufrzj slvhtdnd + dnd pjkdsndnd mh su slvhtdnd+ bh ojid ąg bhmb dzvrmhtd bgukjrbdk dbovdzdtjrdkh ojid

su bgprgsthbj trhŲdnd d bhnhzdnd pjvjmh zh bjvh dspdtdvhbih"

H ohmh fd jm bidl fdnj zhtrhŲgbj mh shsthvg spdsho dkgbh.

d tj. bhrhvbj. Ũtj muŲd + jbd fd bhvgnd d dkgbh pjojibdoh

ojig. fhr su jbd thoj rhċubhnd. bd dbovdzdtjrd vdŨg bg kjeu

bd bh ojid bhm b mh ohzbg" W ohovji su shkj zhfnumd fdnd"""

]go Ũtj su jbd pjmbgnd spdsho dkgbh. dsngmbd`d fd jtdŨnd

mj kgsbje erjfnih d dsojphnd ngŨgvg" Bdig dk. prdtjk.

ujpŨtg fdnj vhŲbj u ojiji su ahzd rhsphmhbih th tgnh? fdnh fd.

igmbjsthvbj. bhtjvhrgbh bh ojnh d prgvgzgbh mj pjsgfbj

jmrgmgbje kgsth. emg fd fdnj dzvrŨgbj ‒pjeufnigbig&"

D mjo su sg zhprgŲbh ojnh ojtrnihnh vhrjŨodk und`hkh.

svgŨtgbd`d u prhtbid zhpgvhnd su9 ‒Oj ejm Ũth sndċbj uċdbd.sndċbh eh sumfh ċgoh(„

Ohm fd stdend bh jmrgmdŨtg. dstrungnd ngŨgvd fdnd fd prdvgzhbd

zh ojċgvg" Jbmh fd njkhċh fdnh pjtphnigbh. d jbd fd.

`grgkjbdihnbj. dŨċgznd u pnhkgbu" Erjzj kjrhb ig.

zhphbiuiuąg erjtgsohb fdj thi prdzjr. hnd tj bdig fdj orhi

ohzbg. ojih ig sprjvjmgbh ohj mh su ‒igrgtd`d& ijŨ u Ųdvjtu"

SjŨtj fd jbd fdnd sphnigbd bh njkhm. d bidljvg ouąg fdng fd

srhvbigbg sh zgknijk" Sjrjmd`g pjojibdoh jsthng fd fgz

demg dċgeh" Bgod fd zhvrŨdnd u thkbd`d. dnd fdvhnd prdkjrhbd

mh bjsg Ųutg orstjvg. mh svdkh pjohŲu bgdzfrdsdv Ųde ojid

su bh bidkh jsthvdnd bidljvd ergŨbd srjmbd`d ‒igrgtd`d&"



EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ MVWED 58

..JptuŲgk`dkh„. ohoj su jvd niumd

nhzdvhbd u prdruċbd`dkh zh dbovdzdtjrg.

bdig fdnj mjzvjnigbj mh zbhiu mh nd su d

ndċbj jsukbidċgbd zh igrgs"

pjŨtjvhbigk. dnd mh ku. kjŲmh. d shk pjŨtjvhbig uohzuig:

YbhŨ nd kjŲmh zh bgoj zhvgŨthbig ohthrdkh d. hoj zbhŨ.

ojndoh ig vrgmbjst tg zhjsthvŨtdbg. d oj ig shsthvdj thpdiu:

Pujċgbd s prdtdsojk ojid bg pjpuŨth. ċdih svrlh d igstg fdnh

mh shsnuŨhvhbjeh pjtpubj pjkgtg dnd eh bhvgmg bh tj mh

prjtdvurgąd shkjkg sgfd. niumd fd vgądbjk rgond fdnj Ũth.rbh ojndoj fdnj vhŲbj. shkj mh bgohoj dzkhobu fgsorhibdk

pdthbidkh ojidkh su dl dsngmbd`d bgukjnidvj zhsdphnd" Qgrbjst.

Diufhv. prdihtgnistvj. ouąbj vhspdthbig. ċgs tdtjst + svg fd tj

Bh jvji n d tjerhad i d u fji d dz \D\ vgoh prdohzhbd su znjsthvn ihbig d fhtd+

bhbig ohthrso dl igrgt doh oji d u ojnjbd s tuphiu oh svjk jebigbjk jmru"

Ųrtvg zhfjrhvdng mjo su. bhsnutdvŨd fndsou jphsbjst. jċhibdċodpjouŨhvhnd mh sphsu ejnu ojŲu" ‒Jp tuŲgbd&. ohoj su jvd niumd

bhzdvhbd u prdruċbd`dkh ojidkh su sg snuŲdnd dbovdzdtjrd. bdsu

dkhnd prhvh mh shzbhiu igsu nd d ndċbj pjm sukbijk zfje

igrgtdċoje mgnjvhbih" ]hoj . dspubigbd strhljk jm bhiejrdl

kuoh ojig sg kjeu zhkdsndtd. jbd fd shkd jtordvhnd dkgbh.

bh mgsgtdbg bidl. prjŨdruiuąd thoj dbovdzdtjrsog spdsojvg

jsukbidċgbdl"

DBOQDYD]JVD BH WMHVW

Pphnidvhbig upjojigbdl ‒igrgtdoh&. ohj d mrueg sdtuh`dig uojidkh su dbovdzdtjrd zhdsth prgohrmhŨdnd. dzhzvhnj ig khsjvbj

ebuŨhbig. Ũtj ig ufrzj mjvgnj mj jzfdnibdl pjfubh. ph ċho

d ufdsthvh" Ngth 8607. mvg ejmdbg pj mjnhsou dbovdzd`dig u



56 EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HV D. MGJ MVWED

v"~"

Nhbemjo. trjid`h dbovdzdtjrh dzeufdnh su Ųdvjtg pjŨtj dl ig

bgoj eurbuj u prjvhndiu mufjou 03 kgthrh" Mrued igmhb

dbovdzdtjr. Hrbjnm Ohthnjbh`. zhmuŲgb zh Ųdvhni erhmdąh

Hnfdih. jsgtdj ig bh svjiji ojŲd ebgv rhzunhrgbg svgtdbg pjŨtj

ig prgtljmbj jsumdj d bh njk hċd sphndj mvjid`u igrgtdoh d dstj

tj uċdbdj vgągk frjiu ngŨgvh ojig ig dsojphj dz erjfjvh"

W svjiji Dstjrdid dbovdzd`dig u ]unuzu jm 8603" mj 860<" ejm dbg Edijk Sgndsjb. mjkdbdohbh` ojid ig d shk fdj

dbovdzdtjr. jvdk rgċdkh jpdsuig Ũth sg mgsdnj Ohthnjb`u9

Pphnidvhbig upjojigbdl ‒igrgtdoh&.

ohj d mrueg sdtuh`dig u ojidkh su

dbovdzdtjrd zhdsth prgohrmhŨdnd.

dzhzvhnj ig khsjvbj ebuŨhbig.

Ũtj ig ufrzj mjvgnj mj jzfdnibdl

pjfubh. ph ċho d ufdsthvh"

Żr tvg jsvgmjċgbje shm ds tg O jbrhmh ajb Khrfu reh . php dbje

dbov dz d tjrh u Bgkhċoji . ufrzj f d uv dmhng mh b igeh kjn d t d zh kd njst

zbhċ d shkj zh num t rjŨ d t d pjs ngmb ig t rgbu tog Ų d vj th "

Bhrjm Hnfdih ltgj ig mh eh f h m u rgou ]hk. hnd bh

zhltgv bgodl kgmu bidkh jb ig puŨtgb. h zhtdk d prgfdigb? jm jmgąg su ku jsthng rdtg. h nd`g ku fgŨg svg u orvd"""

]j. dbhċg. bdig fdj ushknigbd dzergm tg vrstg. igr gvj Ũth

Sgndsjb bhvjmd mhnig u tgostu9

Enhvbd ċjvgo u jvji jfnhstd. zhigmbj s vhŲbdidk

pngk dądkh. erhmsodk j`dkh d jsthndkh. stdtdj ig d sordvhj igrgtdog" Jbd su tuond. rhbihvhnd. p h d uf dihnd jbg ojid fd zh igrgt d`dk h orgbund u pjtrheu""" Kbjeg bhjphog stvhrd

pjċdbigbg su u jvji zgknid d @rovd d vgruiuądkh"

Żrtvh Ųgstjog rgho`dig fdj ig d Ojbrhm ajb Khrfure"

Ejmdbg 8665. uprhvj pjŨtj ig dzhfrhb zh phpu. Ereur D\

pjvgrdj ig Ojbrhmu ajb Khrfureu zhmhtho mh dstrgfd igrgs



EGBX@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ MVWED 50

P]VHţBD OJ B VH M A J B K H V F W V E

Srg bgej Ũtj ig pjsthvnigb zh phpsoje dbovdzdtjrh. Ojbrhm

ajb Khrfure jfhvnihj ig muŲbjstd shvgtbdoh d dspjvgmbdohGndzhfgtg. umjvd`g prdb`h Numvdeh DQ jm ]drdbedig. ojid ig

8665" ukrj jm oueg" Bdig kbjej vrgkgbh prjŨnj. h Ojbrhm

ig upngj Gndzhfgtu u svjig krgŲg" Biji bhimrhŲg mvjrsog

mhkg zhkgbdj ig mvgkh przbd`hkh. h biu shku fd. zh fdnj

ohohv prjpust ojid fd bhmbdnh. ohŲbihvhj Ũhkhrdkh dnd

fhtdbhbigk" Fdj ig tj dzrhzdtj strje rgŲdk ojid ig Gndzhfgtu.

uz hsogtsod bhċdb Ųdvjth ojid ig vjmdnh pjsng kuŲgvnigvg

skrtd. tjndoj dzkumj mh ig dspustdnh muŨu vgą u svjiji 6="

ejmdbd" Ohsbdig ig ohbjbdzjvhbh ohj svgth Gndzhfgth d zh

kbjeg pjsthnh sdkfjn znjsthvnihbg Ųgbg"

Hhoj ig sumdtd pj jbjkg Ũtj ig svdrgpd Ojbrhm ċdbdj

ohsbdig. u svjistvu phpsoje dbovdzdtjrh u bgkhċodk

pjorhidbhkh Lgsgb d ]drdbedih. bdig tgŨoj bhsnutdtd ohovg

igsvg strhljtg Gndzhfgth prjŨnh u bigejvdk ruohkh" Phkh

enhsdbh mhig Ojbrhm tu. u orhiu. fdnh ig mjvjnibh mh dzhzjvg

jpŨtu pjkgtbiu" Srgkh bgodk dzvgŨthidkh. th phbdoh ufrzj

fd prgrhsthnh u ldstgrdiu hoj fd sg bh jmrgmgbjk kgstu

Khrfure pjihvd ndċbj. ohj. bh prdkgr. u snuċhigvdkh ohm fd

jmnuċdj mh prjihŨg orjz vhrjŨ dnd sgnj u prhtbid svje vhzmhkrejmbje pjkjąbdoh. ċjvgoh pj dkgbu Mjrzj. d igmbje

ijvhbh. ojid ig dkhj igmbj joj d igmbu Ũhou"

WŲhs ojid ig Ojbrhm ajb Khrfure joj sgfg sgihj bdig

fdj bgutgkgnigb" Ojbrhm ig bh svg strhbg vdmgj igrgtdog.

hd ohm dl bg fd vdmgj. ukdŨnihj ig mh sg ordiu jm bigeh dzh

zdmdbh zhkojvh. u `rovhkh. ph ċho d khbhstdrdkh d Ųgbsodk

shkjsthbdkh" H mh nd ig bgoj zhdsth ordv. dnd mh nd pjstjigmjohzd zh bgmiu ordvdù + tj Ojbrhmh ujpŨtg bdig zhbdkhnj.

igr jb fd ejtjvj svhou jptuŲfu uzdkhj zmrhvj zh ejtjvj.

ohj mbigbdù . d jmkhl fd jsumdvhj jsukbidċgbg zh igrgs.

dzuzgv u snuċhigvdkh ohmh fd jvd fdnd u sthbiu mh mjohŲu

bgvdbjst" ]j sg. kgmutdk. vrnj rgtoj mgŨhvhnj fumum

mh ig Ojbrhm dkhj jfdċhi mh ubhikd svhojihod jnjŨ m id fd

zhmhtho fdj mh prjbhmu igrgtdog. strhljk dzbumg jm bidl

prdzbhbig. ph dl pjtjk sphng bh njkhm uojndoj jvd jmfdiu

mh sg jmrgobu igrgtdċoje uċgbih" Żrtvhkh ig jsthvnihbh shkj

igmbh kjeuąbjst mh dzfgebu jvhohv usum9 fdnj fd dk. bhdkg.

pjbumgbj mh pjtohŲu ijŨ ..igrgtdoh„. d tj bg bh jsbjvu svjidl

stvhrbdl shzbhbih. vgą svgsbj ordvjtvjrgąd mjohzg" Ptjtdbg.

kjŲmh d ldnihmg. Ũtj ohthrh. Ũtj ohtjndoh. fdng su bh thi bhmb

jptuŲgbg zh igrgs. mh fd pjtjk d bidkh fdnh pjbumgbh

kjeuąbjst mh prgŲdvg. pjm usnjvjk mh jptuŲg bgog mrueg"

Wojndoj bh tj bg fd prdsthnd. Ojbrhm bg fd eufdj s bidkh

vrgkg ċgohium mh sg prgmjkdsng" Kbjed td ‒igrgtd`d& sphnigbd

su bh njkhm dstjeh mhbh ohm su d jptuŲgbd"

Ojbrhm sg bdig jerhbdċhvhj bh lvhthbig sdtbg rdfg" @dnihj ig bh vdsjoj. fumbj kjtrgm bh svgŨtgbdog. hrdstjorhtg d

mrueg vdsjojrjmbg uengmbdog. d bhstjihj ig mh svhoje jm bidl

ulvhtd u erglu d bgmgnu ohoj fd eh pjtjk ohzbdj" Igmbh jm

bigejvdl Ųrthvh fdj ig Lhibrdl Kdbdog. sthrgŨdbh ejsnhrsod.

h mrueh Lhibrdl DD. erja jm Phibh. ojid ig prjenhŨgb ordvdk

zfje uċgŨąh u ‒shthbdstdmhk jredihkh&" Kdbdog ig sojbċhj

bh njkhm. hnd ig zhtj erja pruŲdj jtpjr. mh fd eh pjtjk

fdsoupd u Khibù jsnjfjmdnd jptuŲfg" Dhoj ig Ojbrhm tj

dzrdmtj zhltgvhj. jbd su jmfdnd mh pjbdŨtg jsnjfhĘhiuąu

prgsumu"Dkhium svg tj u vdmu. bdig bd pjtrgfbj bhpjkdbihtd mh ig

Ojbrhm stvhrhj sgfd bgprdihtgnig oum ejm fd orjmj. d uprhvj

pjŨtj ig dz Khib`h orgbuj bhtrhe. u svji Khrfure. zhmgsdnj

eh ig jbj Ũtj sg kjrhnj mgsdtd" Mhbh 03" iunh 8600" Ojbrhmh

su. bh putu. dz zhsgmg bhphnd vdtgzjvd" Wfdigbd su d Ojbrhm

d bigejv pjkjąbdo Mjrzj" Jtvjrgbj sg sukbihnj. prgkmh

bdohm bdig mjohzhbj. mh su ufd`g fdng bh pnhtbjk spdsou

Lhibrdlh DD"

Jfumjvg nh o rh n i d `h G n d zhfg th ] d r d bŨoh . ohbjb dzjvhbh 8607"

ohj sv g th G n d zhfg th . u pjsg t d p r dlvh t d n d Ũ tu zh s d rjkhŨbg oj ig ig

s h k h j s b j v h n h"



5= EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HVD . MGJ MVWED

Shph Ereur D\ bhrgm dj ig 8603 " svjk ohpg nhbu d d spjvgmb dou .

sv " Vhkjbu jm Sgb ih aj r tgh . mh shċ db d zfjrb do ` rovgb dl zhojbh d

prjp dsh " Jvmg eh v dm dkj ohoj p r dkh zfjrb do . pjzbh t pjm bhz dvjk

Mgorgtd phpg Ereurh D\"

u svjiji rjmbji Bgkhċoji" Ojbrhm ig vgą fdj bh njŨgk

enhsu ohj shmdsth fgz prgk`h. hnd ig sprjvjmgąd strhljvnhmu

u Bgkhċoji prgvhzdŨhj ċho d svh svjih mjthmhŨbih

‒pjstdebuąh&. zfje ċgeh ig. bgkdbjvbj. ejmdbg 8600" d shk

strhmhj jm ufdnhċog ruog"

NWOHQţ]DBH SHSG EVEWVHWfdstvj phpdbje ċjvgoh. fgz jfzdrh bh jojnbjstd u ojidkh sg

jmderhnj. jfdċb j ig dzhzdvhnj jpŨtu shfnhzhb. d tukhċgbj ig

ohj uvrgmh bhbgth pjbtdau ndċbj" Shph Ereur D\. kgmutdk.

bh vgst j pjedfdid Ojbrhmh jm Khrfureh pjstupdj ig vrnj

nuohvj" Fdj ig jb d tg ohoj svgsthb svdl zhnh ojih ig pjċdbdj

Ojbrhm. h jpgt ig u pdsku bhmfdsoupdkh ognbsojk d

trdrsojk prdfgehj rgċdkh ojidkh. fhr mjbgong. bidl mvjid`u

jordvniuig zh jbj Ũtj sg mgsdnj"

‒Bdohoj bhk bdig ihs bj& . pdshj ig phph bhmfdsoupdkh.

‒ohoj stg mjzvjndnd mh sg thovj. mjshm bgvdmgbj pjstuphbig



EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HVD . MGJ MVWED 57

PQH WFDP]QH VJFGVH FHVHFG

Ereur ig kjrhj mh fumg zbhtbj bgpjsrgmbdid ohm ig

trgfhnj dzhąd bh orhi s Vjfgrjk Fhrhfjk. zvhbdk d Vjfgr

Khnd. ijŨ igmbdk gostrgkdstjk kgĘu dbovdzdtjrdkh ojid

ig. pj svgku sumgm. bgohmh d shk fdj ohthr. prg bgej

Ũtj ig prdstupdj mjkdbdohbsojk rgmu" Vgvbjst igmbje

prgjfrhągbdoh kjŲg pjprdkdtd zhstrhŨuiuąg rhzkgrg.

Ũtj sg bhifjnig vdmgnj pj tjkg ohoj ig Vjfgr vjmdj

fjrfu prjtdv igrgsd u jfnhstd ojih ku ig pjvgrgbh + u

Fureubmdid. u dstjċbjk mgnu srgmbig Arhbùsog" Vjfgr ig

fdjndċbj jmejvjrhb zh ċdthv thnhs pjeufnigbih. bhrjċdtj

jbdl dzvrsgbdl u kgstu ţhrdtg bh Njhrd. emg ig bhrgmdjsphnidvhbig 73 igrgtdoh" Yfje jvjeh ig mjŨhj u suojf s

bhmfdsoupdkh Vgksh d Pgbsh. ojid su jvh pjeufnigbih

prjtukhċdnd ohj orŨgbig bidljvdl prhvh" Kjrhnd su + tvrmdnh

su mvh bhmfdsouph + prvj jbd mh sg s tdk shenhsg. ph tgo

jbmh mh igrgtd`d fumu jsumgbd" Fdnj ig. dbhċg. u tj vrgkg

fdsouph ojid su shkd prdsvhihnd prhvj mh pjbdŨthvhiu

ohzbg ohm fd jptuŲgbd fdj prjenhŨgb ordvdk. mjo su mrued

zhltgvhnd mh sg shkd bhmu bh ċgnu dbovdzd djbdl sumjvh"

Shph Ereur. khistjr zhoundsbdl rhmbid. vgjkh sg

dzbgbhmdj bh jvhovu rgho`diu `rovgbdl vgndojmjstjibdoh"Sjsthvnihiuąd Vjfgrh Fhrhfu d jsthng dbovdzdtjrg. jb ig.

prdndojkprdkgbg zhojbh bhsthvd d trhig tjndoj muej u vhŨji

srgmdbd. h mh bhs prdtjk bg dzvgstdtg Ũth sg mgŨhvh" Żgnih

bhkig&. prjmuŲdj ig Ereur tjfjŲ bhdvbj. ‒mh sg thovg stvhrd

vdsg bg tjngrdŨu. h tgouąg zhojbsog pjstupog prjenhŨhvhkj

bdŨthvbdk" Bg kjŲgkj Ųkurgtd prgm strhljthkh ohovg vd

jpdsuigtg"&

Wfdstvj phpdbje ċjvgn`h. fgz jfzdrh bh

jojnbjstd u ojidkh sg jmderhnj. jfdċbj

igdzhzdvhnj jpŨtu shfnhzhb. d tukhċgbj

ig ohj uvrgmh bhbgth pjbtdau ndċbj"

Ptrhljvnhmh ojiu su zhvjmdnd niumd pjput Ojbrhmh jm

Khrfureh dnd Vjfgrh Fhrhfg fdnh ig bgdzfgŲbh u sdtuh`did

ohmig phph svjig dbovdzdtjrg sbhfmgvhj bhiuŲhsbdidk

jruŲidkh d srgmstvdkh ojig ig igmhb srgmbijvgojvbd uk

kjehj mh zhkdsnd" Gosojkubdoh`dih d dbtgrmdot . prdkgrh rhmd.

fhr ig thoj shk tvrmdj. Ųgngj zhprhvj mh jnhoŨh pjshj

prgjptgrgągbdk bhmfdsoupdkh" Sjstdehj ig. bhrhvbj. bgŨtj

shsvdk suprjtbj9 uerjzdj ig jvnhŨągbih ojih su jvdkh

ngedtdkbj prdphmhnh" Bh orhiu sg Ereur sh jŨtgągbdk

fdsoupdkh bhŨhj bgemg bh pjnh puth" Puspgbmjvhj ig

Vjfgrh Fhrhfu 860=" ejmdbg. bgpubdl ejmdbu mhbh pjŨtj

eh ig pjsthvdj bh muŲbjst" ]j. kgĘutdk. bg zbhċd mh ig

Vjfgr d jtpuŨtgb dz snuŲfg" SjŨtj sg prdkdrdj bgoj vrgkg.

mjo sg strhstd bdsu skdrdng. pjihvdj sg pjbjvj. jvjeh puth

s bjvdk zvhbigk. ohj egbgrhnbd dbovdzdtjr Orhnigvdbg

Arhbùsog. h bigejvg bgohmhŨbig pnihċog fdng su puohsdtbd`h u jmbjsu bh znjmgnh ojih ąg tgo pjċdbdtd"

W vrgkgbsojk rhspjbu jm trd ejmdbg. dzkgmu 8601"

d 8604. Vjfgr ig prgmvjmdj dbovdzd`diu u pjljmdkh bh

Phnjb+hb+Phkphbi. Ohkfrg. Sgrjb. Mug d Ndn. d sphndj

ijŨ 73 niumd" W pjorhidbu ţhkp hbiu vrhtdj sg 8604"

ejmdbg. emg ig lrjbdċhr Hnfgrdo jm ]rjh+Ajbtgbh. dbhċg

`dstgr`dt. prdsustvjvhj khsjvbjk pjeufnigbiu ojm

Kjbt+Gkgh. ohmh ig bd khbig bd vdsg bgej 8<0 ‒igrgtdoh&

Ųdvj sphnigbj" S jtjk sg bdŨth vdsg j Vjfgru Fhrhfd bdig

ċunj. bg rhċubhium enhsdbu mh ig ukrj u thkbd`d pjsngmuejejmdŨbige zhtjċgbdŨtvh"

pjmrhzukgvhnd su dsoniuċgbig dz @rovg d usorhmvhbig prhvh

bh svgtg thibg" Jbdk mruehmidk. svgtjvbdidk ohzbhkh ohj

Ũtj su uthkbdċgbig. jmuzdkhbig dkjvdbg. prjejbstvj. ph ċho

d sthvnihbig bh tgngsbg kuog + thojmg ig prdfgehvhbj ohoj fd

sg bgpjo jrbd bhtgrhnd bh pjsnuŨbjst d prdkjrhnd bh shrhmbiu

sh dbovdzd`dijk" J mfdihb ig shrhmbig. rhzukg sg. skhtrhbj ig

igmb hoj ohŲbidvdk ohj igrg s shkh. ph ig thoj d ohŲbihvhbj"

Mvh mjkdbdohb`h. Sgthr Pdnh d Qdndigk Hrbhnm. ojig ig phph pjsthvdj zh dbovdzdtjrg 8600 " ejmdbg. dzrgond su

prhotdċbj svg rhspjnjŲdvg phpsog ohzbg bh tnu Nhbemjoh.

ojid ig d fdj enhvbh kgth dbovdzd`dig" Igmbh jm kgtjmh bh ojig

su sg dbovdzdtjrd jsnhbihnd u rhmu dzdsodvhnh ig frzdbu. thoj mh

shkj lhpŨgbig. sumgbig. mjbjŨgbig prgsumg d dzvrŨgbig ohzbg

sngmg igmbj mruej u bhiorhągk kjeuągk rjou" Mjejmdnj sg.

thoj. mh d dsthobutd ohthrsod prgagot erhmh ]unuzh. Qdejrjs

jm Fhojbh. fumg sphnigb bh njkhm prg bgej Ũtj su bigejvd

prdihtgnid d prdsthnd`g stdend mh ku prdtgobu u jmfrhbu" Pdnh d

Hrbhnm su dsojphvhnd zgkbg jsthtog tjfjŲbidl prdphmbdoh

ohthrsog igrgsd d sphnidvhnd dl" Bidl mvjid`h fh`dnh su u thkbdù

kbjeg niumg. bg jfhzdrum sg bh tj oj ig ohthr h oj ohtjndo.

ig r tj bidkh. pj svgku sumgm. d bd ig fdnj tjndoj vhŲbj. h uz




tj su d odbidnd vnhstd ]unuzh Ũhniuąd dk bhjruŲhbg vjibdog ohj

dspjkją prdndojk lhpŨgbih. prdvjĘgbih. suĘgbih d. ojbhċbj.

pjeufnigbih ‒igrgtdoh&"

SrjŨnj ig thoj vdŨg jm mvg ejmdbg. h jbmh ig erjau

Vhikjbu QDD ]unusojk prgodpgnj" Vhikjb ig pjm prdsdnjk

prdlvhtdj dbovdzd`diu d jb ig mj tjeh ċhsh. khohr d bgrhmj.

shrhmdvhj sh Pdnjk d Hrbhnmjk" H fdj ig. uz tj. vjmgb

gm bjsthvbdk rhznjzdkh9 bd ig kjehj sgfd mh p rduŨtd ijŨ

gm hb rht bhndo jbjk u ojig k ig zhkhnj dzeufdj enhvu 8664"

ejmdbg" Hnd ohm su Pdnh d Hrbhnm jtdŨnd prgmhngoj. Vhikjb bdig

kjehj h mh dl bg prdihvd phpd"

SjŲhndj sg erja jm ]unuzh mh mvjid`h dbovdzdtjrh svjidk

mgnjvhbigk ‒bhbjsg Ũtgtu&. tg mh ąg. ohoj stvhrd stjig. ‒prg

iumg bhtgrhtd bh ergl bgej prdvgstd dstdbd„" Vhikjb ig.

bhċg. rhċubhj bh pjmrŨou orhnid`g Fnhbog Ohstdnisog. khiogarhbùsoje orhnih Nuih D\. ojih ig ndċbj rgonh phpd Ereuru mh

su bigejvd dbovdzdtjrd uvgndoj prgojrhċdnd erhbd`g prdstjibje

pjbhŨhbih"

Dbov dzd tjr j ptuŲui g bgvgrbdo h + bh sn d` d arhbùso je ukgtbdoh Żhb+

+Sjnh Njrgbh ,8<0<+8468$"

JSHPHB BGSVDIH]GNIEr ja Vhikjb d orhnid`h Fnhboh dkhnd su srgąg + phpu su

ulvhtdnd u rhsojrhou" Ereur ig. bhdkg. u tj vrgkg kuou

kuċdj s Ardmrdljk DD. orhnigk Bgkhċog d Pd`dndig. vnhmhrjk

Pvgtje rdksoje `hrstvh. tdpdċbdk svgtjvbihojk ċdid ig Ųdvjtbd

`dni fdj mh. ohj vnhmhr. svji pjsgm prjŨdrd bh `gnj Hpgbdbsoj

pjnujstrvj. bg lhiuąd Ũtj ąg tj mjvgstd mj bgzhbgkhrnidvje

jphmhbih phpsoje utd`hih" P phpdbje sthbjvdŨth. Ardmrdl ig ‒fdj

zvgr Ũtj dzrhbih dz kjrh d bgŨtgmdkd`g fjejlund""" rhzihpnigbh

bigejvh eufd`h vrgmh Pvgtj dkg""" h ojpnigk jb ehmh

prgfdvhndŨtg Fjeh shkjeh d svgth`h Bigejvdl bh bgfgsdkh&"

Jvhi ruojpds dz \Q vgoh jpdsuig Qgndou Ũdzku ojih ig trhihnh jm

805<" mj 8=87" ejmdbg. ohmh ig. pjsng skrtd Ereurh D\. phpsoh

vnhst fd nh pjmgn igbh dzkgmu mvji d`g pjbtd ah. jm oji dl ig igmhb

stjnjvhj u Vdku. h mrued u arhbùsojk erhmu Hvdbijbu"



EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HVD . MGJ MVWED 55

—ddfadturbj atx2k datbdu k$?NrkIdO atnfntandw nnfudtb

у п О б Ќр з



5< EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ MVWED




hnid`h Fnhboh Ohstdnisoh ,ejrg ngvj$. ojih sg fubdnh prjtdv

gojrhċgbih jvnhŨągbih u rhmu dbovdzd`dig. fdnh ig suprueh

hb`usoje orhnih Nuih QDDD d khioh orhnih Nuih D\. ukgstj ojeh

vnhmhnh ohj bhkgsbd`h" Ďuvgbh pj sv jiji f nhejstd . jvm g ig ,u

bigkmgnu sndog$ prdohzhbh ohoj puŨth bh snjfjmu bgprhvgmbj

jċgbg sgfrg"

khiuąd sprhk sgfg thoj jphsbje bgprdihtgnih. Ereur ig kjrhj

htrhŲd shvgzbdog emg ejm ig stdehj" Fdj ig. ŨthvdŨg. sprgkhb

hd igrgtdċod Nhbemjo prdmjfdig zh svjiu stvhr" W tj vrgkg vgą

. dbhąg. zbhnj mh Ardmrdl dkh dzvgsbg prgtgbzdig bh Srjvhbsu

uejdstjċbji Arhb`usoji. d Vhikjb ig. engmhiuąd mh dsojrdstd

tndouojih ku sg uohzuig. pjbumdj phpd pjkją bg fd nd

dmrdlh jsuigtdj u bhuku" Dkhj ig. bhrhvbj. d Vhikjb svjiu

bu9 phph ąg zhuzvrht pjvum dz ]unuzh d `gnje Nhbemjoh

nu. Hrbhnmh d `gj thi dbovdzdtjrsod hphrht"

Shph Ereur ig ċho jtputjvhj u

Nhbemjo. u bhstjihbiu mh ufnhŲd

ebgvojid su pjmihrdnd bigejvd

prgtgrhbj rgvbjsbd dbovdzdtjrd"

HIKJB WYQVHāH WMHVH@

hph Ereur bdig ltgj fhŨ tjndoj mhngoj mh dmg. hnd ig prdsthj

hzhuzmh dbovdzdtjrg d dzvrŨd bh bidl prdtdsho ohoj fd

fumuąg fdnd pjpustnidvdid" Ereur ig. ŨthvdŨg. jtputjvhj

Nhbemjo. u bhstjihbiu mh ufnhŲd ebgv ojid su pjmihrdnd

gejvd prgtgrhbj rgvbjsbd dbovdzdtjrd" Jlrhfrgb ustup`dkh.

hikjb ig pjċgj mh sg prdprgkh zh jzfdnibdid jfrhċub sh

njkd Hrbhnmjk" Khnj ig bgmjsthihnj mh orgbg u jtvjrgb

ojf ohm su dbovdzdtjrd bhnjŲdnd lhpŨgbig vgąge frjih

vąrhbh dz Vhikjbjvg svdtg ojid su dsohzdvhnd bhonjbjstgkh ohthrdkh" Vhikjb ig. u svhojk snuċhiu. uspgj

hejvrgkgbj mh dl sonjbd vhb mjkhŨhih dbovdzd`dig" Bh

gejvu zhpjvgst. vjibd`d ojid su mjŨnd s bhnjejk mh ulhpsg

vjrhbg. shmh su dl dz bgfgzfgmbje ]unuzh dsprhtdnd bh

eurbj" Pdnh d Hrbhnm fdnd su vhb sgfg jm fgsh" SjouŨhnd su

hsg jsvgtg bhphvŨd vgm frji ojbzunh u erhmsoji uprhvd

unuzh" Bdsu. kgmutdk. u tjkg mhngoj mjeurhnd. igr

ojrj su dl. fgz dohovg pjkpg. prjtgrhnd dz erhmh" Jsthng

kdbdohb`g. svg zhigmbj s tunusodk bhmfdsoupjk. bhphnh

hzihrgbh khsh? `gndk putgk mj Ohrohsjbh bhrjm dl igsdphj ohkgbigk" H ohm su stdend u Ohrohsjb. mjkdbdohb`d

skgsth gosojkubd`drhnd jbg ojid su bh bidl thoj erufj

hrdnd. h zhtdk sthvdnd ]unuz pjm dbtgrmdot + dson iumnd erhm dz

lrdŨąhbsog zhigmbd`g"

D bhphmhm bh mjk dbdohb`g d erhm ]unuz ufrzj su vrhągbd

pjm jordnig @rovg. d tj pj bhrgmfd shkje phpg Ereurh" Jb ig.

svhohoj. kjrhj mh vjmd rhċubh j tjkg mh bg ohzbd Vhikjbh

prgvdsg strjej. igr ku ig erja d mhnig fdj pjtrgfhb ohj

shvgzbdo u fjrfd prjtdv `hrh Ardmrdlh" Wprhvj dz tje rhznjeh.phph ig uodbuj dbtgrmdot bhkgtbut ]unuzu d pjsthvdj svje

jmhbje bhmzjrbdoh mh fumbj kjtrd bh. surjvjstdkh sonjbg.

mjkdbdohb`g"

EJVG JM MJKDBDOHBH@HPtgahb jm sv" ]dfgrdih fdj ig arhbigvhċod kjbhl. mhong

prdphmbdo rgmh bhmhngoj pjzbhtje pj fnhejrjmbjstd d

mdpnjkhtsojk ukgąu. hnd u jvjk snuċhiu jb ig fdj bhiejrd

kjeum dzfjr" Bg shkj Ũtj Ptgahb bdig uorjtdj mjkdbdohb`g.

Ũtj ig phph Ereur jm bigeh jċgodvhj. vgą dl ig ufgmnidvj

bhmkhŨdj u zhtdrhbiu ohthrh d bidljvg igrgsd. prdfgehvhium

bhisvdrgpdidk srgmstvdkh ojih ig dkhj bh rhspjnhehbiu" Jpgt

su pjċgnh bgkdnjsrmbh shsnuŨhbih. d jpgt su DgŨgvd dsojphvhbd

mh fd pjtjk fdnd sphnidvhbd zhigmbj sh Ųdvdkh" Jsukbidċgbd

‒igrgtd`d& znjsthvnihbd su d prdkjrhvhbd mh prdzbhiu svjig erglg.

h pjtjk. bg fd nd sphsnd vnhstdtu ojŲu. mh dzmhiu mrueg"

Srdtdsho ig fdj tjndoj vgndod mh su pjmngenh d mvjid`h

bhidsthobutdidl ohthrsodl prgagohth u ]unuzu. Vhikjb Erjs

d Edijk jm Pjngrh. ojid su jmhnd dkgbh kbjedl ohthrh djtordnd rhzbg pjmhtog j bidljvdk pjrjmd`hkh. prdihtgnidkh d

hotdvbjstdkh" Bdig bd pjtrgfbj bhpjkdbihtd mh su Erjs d Pjngr

pjsthnd jfgngŲgbd niumd. d mh ig dbovdzd`dih kjrhnh mh dk jfgzfgmd

sthnbu zhŨtdtu ohoj fd dl sphsnh ebgvh Ũtj shkdl ohthrh. Ũtj svdl

jsthndl ojid su dk mj thmh fgspjejvjrbj vgrjvhnd"

Mj thmh su prgagotd fdnd vgegthrdihb`d. h

shmh su ignd kgsj d prdtjk engmhnd mh tj

`dbg bh ihvbjk kgstu. mh svd vdmg"

OHOJ JFKHBW]D DBOQDYD]JVGMvjid`h dzmhibdoh fdnh su. kgmutdk. bh fgzfgmbjk. igr

bdoj bdig skgj mh dl mdrh" Oj ejm mh dl bhphmbg. shkjeh

fd sgfg prjohzhj ohj ohthrh d igrgtdoh" Wkgstj mh zhderhiu

bh tu ohrtu. ohthrd su pjsthnd nuohvdid. d pjċgnd mh sg ordiu"

Bgod prgagotd bdsu vdŨg bhvnhmnd svjig igmbjsthvbg. hnd

prgpjzbhtnidvg jmjrg. vgą su bjsdnd jmgąu ohovu bjsd shvjfdċhb svgt. mh fd dl tgŲg prgpjzbhnd" Mj thmh su prgagotd

pjsnjvdċbj fdnd vgegthrdihb`d. h shmh su ignd kgsj d prdtjk

vjmdnd rhċubh mh tj `dbg bh ihvbjk kgstu. mh svd vdmg"



<3 EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HVD. MGJ MVWED

H ] GB ] H] W H Q D B I J B G W

@gnje tje prgpjmbgvh 6<" khih 86=6" ejmdbg arhbigvh`

Ptgahb jm sv" ]dfgrdih d mjkdbdohbh` Qdndigk Hrbhnm.svg sh jskjrd`jk pdshrh. putjvhnd su prgmgndkh dzkgmu

]unuzh d Ohrohsjbh" Yhsthihnd su usput u kbjedk

sgndkh mh shsnuŨhiu dspjvgstd jptuŲgbdl zh igrgs d

pjsthrhiu sg mh bidljvh dk gbh fumu urgmbj updshbh u

dbovdzd`disog spdsojvg"

Bdċge bgjfdċbje bdig fdnj u tjkg. igr dbovdzd`dig ohj

mh ig fdnj svuemg pj Nhbemjou. d kjenj sg jċgodvhtd

mh ąg sg svhoje ċhsh pjihvdtd u fdnj ojiji vhrjŨd dnd

sgnu. uvgo sprgkbh mh dŨċgproh pjmhtog ojid ąg bh

bgojeh fh`dtd ordvd`u" Pvg ig tj fdnj u sonjpu pjndtdog

zhstrhŨdvhbih ojiu ig dbovdzd`dih sprjvjmdnh pj `gnji

jvji pjorhidbd" Jsjfg ohj Ũtj su Ptgahb dnd Qdndigk

Hrbhnm ċgstj su prdfgehvhng jvji strhtgedid. pnhŨgąd

Ųdtgnig Nhbemjoh ojid su sg d dbhċg igŲdnd jm strhlh d bh

shk pjkgb mh ąg fdtd ‒pjsnhtd pjm zdm„. ti" u pjmzgkbg

thkbd`g u Ohrohsjbu. emg su zhtvjrgbd`d mrŲhbd u

khndk. kgknidvdk ągndihkh. bh suvjk lngfu d vjmd"

H dpho. fdnj ig jvjeh puth dzvgsbje jmstuphbih u

jmbjsu bh ujfdċhigbu dbovdzdtjrsou prhosu9 s bidkhbdig fdnj bd tgnjlrhbdtgnih bd fdnj ohovg mrueg bhjruŲhbg

prhtbig ojih fd vjmdnh rhċubh j tjkg mh Ptgahb. Qdndigk

d bidljvd pdshrd fgzfgmbj stdebu sh igmbje bh mruej

jmrgmdŨtg" ]g vgċgrd stdend su thoj u utvrmgbu vhrjŨ

Hvdbijbg. emg dl ig u zhkou jċgodvhj Vhikjb jm

Hnahrh ,uprhvbdo dkhbih d zgt Vhikjbh QDD$" PkgŨthi zh

mvjid`u arhthrh fdj ig jfgzfgmgb u enhvbji ound zhkoh.

emg su jbd uprhvj vgċgrhnd ohmh ig Q dndigk+Vhik jb

Ejngrhb. igmhb jm Hnahrjvdl niumd. bhvrhtdj mh prjvgrd

ohoj su d mh nd dk dŨth trgfh"Yhmjvjnihb Ũtj vdmd mh Ptgahb d Qdndigk Hrbhnm bdŨth

bg sukbihiu. Ejngrhb ig bhpustdj zhkho d jmihlhj mj

Hbtdjldisog Ũukg. jfndŲbige Ũukhroh emg sg shsthj s

Sigr+VjŲgjk jm Kdrajhkh. ojid ig uprhvnihj erhmjk

Kjbsgedrjk zhigmbj s vgą jsthrgndk Vhikjbjk jm

Sgrgih" Fdnh ig tu d mruŲdbh vdtgzjvh bhjruŲhbdl mj

zufh" Pvd su fdnd ohthrsod vgrbd`d ,`rgmgbtgs$ ojid su d

dbhċg. u Kjbsgedru. jfhvnihnd muŲbjst strhŲhrh" Sigr+

+VjŲg jmhfrhj ig mgsgtdbu dnd bgŨtj vdsg vdtgzjvh d.

pjm jordnigk sukrhoh. pjsnhj dl u Hvdbijbg. mjo su

dk fjibg sgodrg fdng zhmgbutg zh pjihsjk. h zh bidkh

d jmrgm ojbihbdoh. mh sg bhmg ohj prhtbih" Fdj ig vgą

krond krho ohm su stdend u Hvdbijbg"

D. mjo su sg ohthrsod rdtgrd ordnd u onhbd`d bhmjkho

erhmsodl zdmdbh. Ejngrhb sg vrhtdj mj enhvbg oung

zhkoh d thkj sg uvgrdj mh su Ptgahb. Qdndigk d pdshrd

pjngehnd" DzhŨhj ig zhtdk bhpjnig. prdŨhj fgmgkdkh

zhkoh. jtvjrdj ohpdiu d pustdj ubutrh Sigr+VjŲgjvg

vdtgzjvg" B gċu ibj sg Ũub ihiuą d ohnmrkdshbdk und hkh.

niumd su stdend mj unhzh u zhkho. emg dl ig ċgohnj

trdmgsgtho Ųdtgnih Hvdbijbgh. bhjruŲhbdl shthrhkh d

fumŲhkh" Yhigmbj su sg uvuond u mvjrdŨtg zhkoh d

zhputdnd sg oh enhvbji ound" Bgċuibj su sg zhtdk pjpgnd

uzh stgp gbdŨtg d prjŨnd ohk gbdk ljmbd`dkh. stdehvŨd

bhpjsngtou mj khsdvbdl vrhth jm lrhstjvdbg dzh ojidl

su sg bhnhzdng dbovdzdtjrsog jmhig" Bh vrhtdkh bdig fdnj

strhŲg" Igmhb ohthrsod vdtgz pjtgehj ig mvjsgonu sgodru d.

bhprhvdvŨd sdnbu fuou. rhspjnutdj vrhth"

OVQHQD BHSHMSrg bgej Ũtj ig doj jm jbdl ubutrh slvhtdj Ũth sg

mgŨhvh. vdsg mgsgtdbh niumd ungtgnj ig u prjstjrdiu. sgouądfjmgŲdkh. vdtnhiuąd sgodrhkh d shthrhkh. d knhtgąd

fuzmjvhbdkh d tjihehkh pj enhvhkh prgphmbutdl

ejstdiu" Bhphm ig trhihj svg mjo bhphmhċd bdsu fdnd

sdeurbd mh su svd ubutrh pjfdigbd? shkrtbh tdŨdbh vgą ig

uvgndoj zhvnhmhnh jmhihkh. h ohkgbd pjm fdj ig ondzhv

jm orvd" Wfd`g su thmh pjphndng fhonig d pjoupdng svg Ũtj

su vdmgnd u pjnuk rhou + svgąbihog. bjvhg d. bhrhvbj.

jbj Ũtj su zhprhvj d trhŲdnd9 dbovdzdtjrsog spdsojvg" Pvg

strhbd`g su pj`gphbg d zhphnigbg" Wfrzj ig jm ‒mjohzh&

ojidkh ig dbovdzd`dih rhspjnhehnh jsthnh shkj lrphpgpgnh ojid sg puŨd"

Htgbthtjrd su zhtdk bhpustdnd Hvdbijbg. pjtpubj

bgprdkgągbd. d jmihlhnd mj Ũukhroh emg dl ig `gn`hj

Sigr+VjŲg" Jb sg. dbhċg. bhmhj mh ąg ku mjbgtd

spg`dihnhb pjonjb. enhvu Qdndigkh Hrbjnmh. jm ojig

ig bhkgrhvhj mh bhprhvd pglhr dz ojige ąg pdtd vdbj"

Vhzjċhrhj sg ohm su ku rgnmd mh enhvu bdsu pjbgnd

dz prjstje rhznjeh Ũtj su ig. u jbji jpŨtji pjkgtbid.

pjtpubj skrsohnd? hoj bdŨth mruej. sndojvdt jpds

ohthrsodl iurdŨbdoh bh bhifj nid eh ig bh mb uvgrdj u

uspgl bidljvje prgphmh"



EGBJ@DM9 OH ]H VD. MGJ MVWED <8

Sgthr Qgrjbsod. mjkdbdohbsod kjbhl. phj ig jm ohthrsog ruog 1" hprdnh 8676" ejmdbg. bh putu zh Kdnhbj" Jvmg ig prgmsthvnigb ohoj. bgojndoj

hshoh prg bgej Ũtj ąg pjedbutd. dzvjmd ċumj pdŨuąd sjpstvgbjk orvniu pj zgknid @rgmj db Wbuk Mguk ,W Fjeh igmdbjeh vgruigk$"



EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HV D. MGJ MVWED <0

Qgrjvhtbjbhiorupbdih prjkgbh u bhvdohkh ohthrsodl

prgagohthtd hnhsg jmvhihbih kuŨodl jm Ųgbsodl prgagohth.

ojig ig mjtjehvrgkgbh. pj uspjsthvnigbji trhmd`did. rdejrjzbj

sprjvjmgbj" Phmh su sg. kgmutdk. jbd pjihvnidvhnd u phrjvdkh.

thojmhojejmmh dl ig vdmgj. uoniuċuiuąd d shkg mjkdbdohb`g.

bd usbu bgfdpjsukbihj mh su tj mvjig Ũtj sg zhigmbj

Ũgthiuigmhbjfdċhb frhċbd phr d bdŨth vdsg jm tjeh" Bhifjnih

jmfrhbhfdnh ig. bhrhvbj. mh sg jmg dz vhrjŨd. thoj mh su sg

kbjedohthrsodprgagotd ordnd bh fgzfgmbjk. u Kjbsgedru. h

mhprdtjkbdsuzhpjsthvdnd bd svjig sngmfgbdog" Srgagotd fd sg.

bhdkg. prgruŨgbdvrhąhnd u vhrjŨ. h zh bidljvg phstdrsog pjsgtg

zbhnh fdshkjbgojnd`dbh kgsbdl ohthrh" Sj jfhvnigbjk pjsnu

jmnhzdnd fd ohojsu d mjŨnd. u bhistrjŲji thibjstd"

Dbovdzd`dih ig fdnh d tg ohoj svgsbh mh sg u Nhbemjou

bgŨtjkunihdspjm Ųdth. hnd bdig fdnh u sthbiu mh pjlvhthvdbjvbdog" Dbovdzdtjrd su. bgkh bd pjtrgfg bhenhŨhvhtd. svumh

bhdnhzdnd bhjkrhzu" Mh fd zhŨtdtdnd sgfg d svjig joruŲgbig

`rovgbihog d pdshrg u Hnfdiu d Ohrohsjbu + kjrhnd su

jmArhbùzh mh ubhikg bhjruŲhbg strhŲhrg" Sjbgohm fd

bovdzdtjrdkh fdj zhfrhbigb unhzho u pjigmdbg vhrjŨd d

erhmjvg. ohj Ũtjsg tj. rg`dkj. mgsdnj u ]unuzu. hnd uvgo ig u

jojndbd fdnj mjvjnibj sgnh ojih fd jbd prgvrbund u pjtrhzd zh

pjtgb`dihnbdk igrgtd`dkh ojig ąg shsnuŨhtd. h pjtjk d ohzbdtd d

bhtgrhtd bhpjojru"

JSG] WP ]H BH O

Qrgkg ig prjnhzdnj. pnhkgb krŲbig sg rhzfuothj. h jbmh

sg 86=3" ejmdbg Vhikjbu VjŲgu DQ jm ]rgbohvgnh. sdbu

rhedąbje Vhikjbh VjŲgh DDD. ojid ig pjm kdstgrdjzbdk

jojnbjstdkh prgkdbuj 8634" u Ohrohsjbu. uohzhnh prdndoh

mhsgukgŨh" W svjiji 07" ejmdbd. Vhikjb VjŲg DQ dkhj

g dzh sgfg vgą trd mg`gbdig Ųdvjth u dzebhbstvu. hnd sg bd ig

jmrgohj bhmg mh ąg pjvrhtdtd svjig bhsngmstvj" Joupdj ig.

hoj. vjisou dzebhbdoh u Hrhejbu. bh sgvgrjdstjou ţphbdig.

prgoj Sdrdbgih orgbuj oh Nhbemjou" W pjċgtou ig bdzhj

uspglg? bigejvh vjisoh jsnjfjmdnh ig Ndku. Hng d Kjbtrghn.

prgjtgvŨd dl dz ruou Arhbùzh" Hnd stvhrd su pjsthng

zbhtbj jzfdnibdig ohm ig Vhikjb VjŲg zhpjċgj jpshmu

Ohrohsjbh. emg su eh. u pjmerhmdkh Fureu d Ohstgnhru.

mjągohnd mjfrjmjŨnd`jk" Jmhtng ig. u vrgkgbsojk rhspjbu

jmbgpubdl pgt bgmgnih. ċho jshk puth bhphmhj shk

Ohrohsjb" Jpshmh jvje erhmh jfgngŲdnh ig. uigmbj. d bhend

orhi sgrdig bigejvdl uspglh"

Arhbùzd su uzvrhtdnd frzj. pjsnhvŨd u Nhbemjo `gnu

hthrsou vhrjŨ Nhvjr. bgmhngoj jm ]un uzh. rd k jo ht jn d` dk h

jzbhtu ohj ‒upjrdŨtg bgċhstdvjeh&. hnfdŲhbsod orsthŨd bhphnd su d

jlhrhnd trgąge khih 8688" ejmdbg" PthbjvbdŨtvj ig khshordrhbj"

Kjbsge d r . pjs ngmb ig zbhċh ib d i g upjr d Ũ tg oh th rh . sherhĘgbj ig

bh bhmkjrsoj i v d s db d jm 48= kgthrh . bgmh ngoj jm S d r d bg ih . bh

iu e j zhp hm u m hb hŨ b ig Ar hb ` u s o g"

igmbu hrkdiu" Vhikjb h VjŲgh jtgrhnd su dz Ohrohsjbh. d

prdfgŲdŨtg ig prjbhŨhj u jfndŲbigk Kjbtrghnu" Arhbùzd

su jpojndnd vhrjŨ. h mjsojrhŨbid bhphmhċ thoj ig pjsthj

bhphmbutd" Fjrfh ig. kgmutdk. fdnh thoj Ųgstjoh d jmbgnh

tjndoj kbjej niumsodl Ųdvjth bh jfgkh strhbhkh mh su sg

Srgagotd fd sg prgruŨgbd vrhąhnd u vhrjŨ. h zh bidljvg phstdrsog pjsgtg zbhnd fd

shkj khnjfrjibd kgsbd ohthrd"

d igmbd d mrued ufrzj jprgmgndnd zh prdkdrig" Vhikjb VjŲg ig

pjsng tjeh prjtgrhb bhtrhe. u Hrhejb"

Hoj sg Vhikjb VjŲg bhmhj mh ąg ku u pjkją prdtgąd

erja tunusod Vhikjb QDD. ermbj sg rhzjċhrhj" Erj a Vhikjb

u tj vrgkg kjrhj ig mh vjmd rhċubh j sjpstvgbjk

pjnjŲhiu. d bdohoj sgfd bdig skgj mh prduŨtd thi nuosuz

mh uvrgmd phpu Ereurh D\" Hnd mjŨnh ig d 86=6" ejmdbh. d

stvhrd su sg u kgmuvrgkgbu zbhtbj dzkgbdng" Shph Ereur



<= EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HV D. MGJ MVWED

prgkdbuj ig 86=8. h bhsngmdj eh ig @gngstdb D\. ojid ig.

vgrjvhtbj zfje sthrjstd. dzmhlbuj pjsng svgeh 85 mhbh"

@gngstdbjv bhsngmbdo. Dbjągbtdig DQ. fdj ig ukgŨhb u fjrfu

zh prgvnhst sh sthrdk Ereurjvdk b gprdihtgnigk. Ardmrdljk DD.

vnhmhrgk Pvgtje rdksoje `hrstvh" Dbjągbtdig sg u Vdku

jsgąhj tjndoj bgsdeurbj mh ig bhpjsngtou prgfgehj u

ēgbjvu d jsthj thkj svg mj Ardmrdljvg skrtd 8673"

Yhfubh ojiu ig jvj dzhzvhnj u Vdku pruŲdnh ig Vhikjbu

QDD Ũhbsu ojiu ig ċgohj pubdl 80 ejmdbh" Bigejvd pngkdąd

thojmg su igmvh ċgohnd prdndou mh mjmu enhvg jkrhŲgbdk

Arhb`uzdkh d pjvrhtg zgknidŨbg pjsgmg d dkhbih ojih

su dk jvd jtgnd" Pgk tjeh. Vhikjb ig prdmjfdj pjmrŨou

orhnigvh Gbengsog. ohj d Ũphbsodl zgkhnih Bhvhrg. Ohstdnig d

Hrhejbh" Vhik jb sg jsgtdj mjvjnibj sbhŲbdk mh prgjtkg

Vhikjb VjŲg DQ prjvgj ig trdmgsgt

ejmdbh u dzebhbstvu. hnd sg bdig

jmrgohj bhmg mh ąg pjvrhtdtd

dzeufnigbj bhsngmstvj"

svjig bgohmhŨbig tgrdtjrdig dz ruou Arhb`uzh. h mh j dstjk

trjŨou jtgrh mjkdbdohb`g. dbovdzd`diu d uodbg bidljv erjzbd

rgŲdk surjvjstd d skrtd"

D uprhvj su sg dbovdzdtjrd. prg bgej vjibd `dnigvd. prvd

bhŨnd b h umhru Vhikj bjvje usthboh o jid ig pnhbuj 6<" khih

86=6" ejmdbg" Khmh jb shk bdig fdj bh ndgu kgsth. bdoj



EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HV D. MGJ MVWED <7

ejtjvjmh bdig sukbihj mh Vhikjb d bdoj mrued stjid dzh

ufdstvhdbovdzdtjrh ojig sg jmderhnj bgojndoj mhbh ohsbdig.

ohjdubdŨthvhbih bidljvdl bhvjmbdl ‒mjohzh& prjtdv

grgtdohuNhbemjou"

PNHQNIGW NHB E MJ OW

Bjvjstd j ufdstvdkh u vhrjŨd Hvdbijbg ,prgagoturh Ergbjfn$

prjstruihngsu frzdbjk kubig pj `gnjk Nhbemjou. mjbgvŨd

vgndojjnhoŨhbig d ohthrdkh d ohtjnd`dkh. ojid su zhigmbj

prjsnhvnihnduspgj bhphm bh jznjenhŨgbu dbovdzd`diu" Igmhb

vgŨtgbdoċho.mh fd ungpŨhj prdndou. zvjbdj ig zvjbdkh

vjigfjejkjnig. h ufd`g su u Kjbsgedru mjċgohbg ohj

lgrjid"Srgphm bh Hvdbijbg fdj ig. prd tjk. tgo uvjm u ċdthv

bdzvjibdlumhrh bh zhkojvg. mjkdbdohbsog mjkjvg d

fdsoupsog phnhtg. igr svg su tj fdng ngedtdkbg kgtg u jċdkh

jsvgtg Ųgmbdl Nhbemjċhbh. dspubigbdl krŲbijk prgkh

Arhbùzdkh d dbovdzd`did" W kgmuvrgkgbu. mjehmhid u

Hvdbijbgu uzfumdnd su muljvg u vhrjŨdkh d sgndkh Ũdrjk jvg

pjorhidbg d svd su pjċgnd mh trhŲg jmkhzmu zh prgtrpnigbh

zvgrstvh. pjbdŲgbih d jorutbjstd ojig su dbovdzdtjrd ċdbdnd pj

bgohmh spjojibjk d fjehtjk Nhbemjou"

BhŲhnjst. d bgkdbjvbj. d jvh rgvjnu`dih d vgndod pjngt

fdnd su + orhtojeh mhlh" Wprojs ċdbigbd`d mh ig V hikjb QDD

kjehj mh rhċubh bh pjmrŨou enhsjvdtdl dkgbh. ohj Ũtj su.

rg`dkj. orhni Lgbrd DDD jm Gbengsog. zhtdk De jm Ndzdbihbh.

pjtgohj dz ouąg ojih ig mhnh kbjeg zbhkgbdtg orsthŨg.

ph VjŲg Fgrbhr. erja jm Ajh + bdig kjehj mh sg jmuprg

arhbùsodk sbhehkh" Orhni d Ndzdbihb pjtuċgbd su mj bjeu

Bh kgtd Vhikjbjvji d bigejvdl

pjfubigbdoh prvd su sg""" bhŨnd

dbovdzdtjrd""" h bdig fdnj ejtjvj

bdohovg sukbig mh Vhikjb stjid

dzh ufdstvh dbovdzdtjrh ojig sg

jmderhnj bgojndoj mhbh ohsbdig.

ohj bd dzh ubdŨthvhbih bidljvdl

‒mjohzh& prjtdv igrgtdoh u Nhbemjou"

bh fjibj k p jniu. h erj a ig. prgkmh ig shk fdj sdb d frhthbh`

ohthrsodl prgagohth. prgfgehj bh strhbu bgprdihtgnih d jbmh

sh svjijk vjisojk umhrdj bh Vhikjbh QDD bhbgvŨd ku

pjrhz jm ojige sg jvhi. ohoj sg dspjsthvdnj. bdohmh bdig

jpjrhvdj" Mrued Vhikjbjvd shvgzbd`d. jbd dz Hrhejbh.

Ohstdnig d Bhvhrg. bh vrgkg su prj`gbdnd u ojk prhvù vgthrmuvh. ph su sg frŲg+fjnig pjvuond" D jpgt su Vhikjb d orhni

Nui D\. u ihbuhru 86=0" ejmdbg. pjtpdshnd spjrhzuk ojidk

ig sthb ig vrhą gb j bh 8664 " ejmdbu. ohmh ig Nhbemjo. snjvjk

Shrdsoje kdrjvbje spjrhzukh. phj pjm arhbùsou uprhvu"

BGJPQJIDQD KJBPGEDVDzvrŨdj`d ufdstvh u Hvdbijbgu bdohmh bdsu pjlvhthbd. h

Kj bsgedr. utvrmgbig emg ig zhvgrh d sojvhbh. jpsthj ig ohj

pjsngmbig vhŲbj upj rdŨtg ohthrsoje jtpjrh u Nhbemjou"

Kjąbd kjbsgedrsod zhkho. sherhĘgb u pgrdjmu pjsng 863="

ejmdbg. u sonjpu prdprgkh zh mhb ohmh ąg. bgkdbjvbj. ohthrd

kjrhtd jtvjrgbj mh sg suprjtsthvg svji dk prjejbdtgn i dkh"



<1 EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ MVWED



EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ MVWED <5

sjvji dnukdbh`did uzgtji dzigmbje nhbemjċoje ruojpdsh prdohzhb

ojbhċhb phm Kjbsgedrh u ruog vj is og oj ij k ig zhp j vgm hj De

Hrsdih. sgbgŨhn ,bhstjibdo mvjrh$ Nuih D\. orhnih Arhbùsog"

OhtjndċojsvgŨtgbstvj d dbovdzdtjrd muej su vgą Kjbsgedr

bhzdvhnd‒shthbdbjk sdbhejejk& d. dz bidljvje uenh.

mjehmhid ojidsu sg jmderhnd u prgtljmbjk pgrdjmu shkj

udŨnd uprdnje tvrmbid mh th vhrjŨ stvhrbj zhsnuŲuig thohv

trdfut"Kjbsgedr ig. mhong. kjrhj fdtd rhzjrgb. d tj bg

hkjzhtjŨtj ig fdj igmbj jm ohthrsodl utvrĘgbih. vgą zhtj

tjigprgmsthvnihjsvjigvrsbu sdeurbu nuou emg su stjtdbg

ohthrh. ohojprgagohth. thoj d vgrbdoh ,`r`m`bt"gs$. pjtrhŲdng

prjbhŨngutjċdŨtg ojig shkj vdsjod pnhbdbsod prgvjid d

bgprdstuphċbgpdrdbgisog vrngtd kjeu mh pruŲg"

WKjbsgedru ig tg 86=6" ejmdbg Ųdvgnj joj 733 dzfgend`h.

tjohthrh.Ũtj ohtjndoh" Jm tjeh. mvg stjtdbg su fdnd prgagotd.

ojid susgsouądnd u ojndfhkh d pgądbhkh joj zhkoh" Qdtgzjvd.

ruŲbdĘd bidljvg Ųgbg. bhnjŲbd`g d mg`h. ojid su mjfrdk

mgnjkfdndu rjmfdbsodk vgzhkh s prgagotdkh. thojmg su

gmjsgndndu Kjbsgedr. bg fd nd d shkd uŲdvhnd zhŨtdtu ojig

jvjutvrĘgbigpruŲh" Sjvrl tjeh. u Kjbsgedr su

bgprgsthbjprdstdzhnd ljmjċhsbd`d ojid su u

pjthid mjnhzdnd mh pjsgtg jvhi sdkfjn ohthrsog

vgrgdpjtrhŲgmuljvbd shvgt. prg bgej Ũtj

gsg. ordŨjkohj Ũtj su d mjŨnd. vrhtdtdvjidkouąhkh"

Kjbsgedr ig u jvg svrlg snuŲdj

ejtjvjpubdl =3 ejmdbh. ijŨ jm 863=.

ohmhiguprhvdtgni erhmh. Vhikjb

jmSgrgih.uvdmgj mh ąg igmbjeh mhbh

ohthrd kjrhtdjtvjrgbj mh sg suprjtsthvg

@rovd ojihdl ig Ųdejshnh ohj igrgtdog"

Mhfd sgprdprgkdj zh thi mhb. Sgrgi ig

fbjvdjzhkho. ojid sg uzmdzhj bhm sgnjk

Kjbsgedrjk. mjstdŲuąd vrtjenhvu vdsdbum48= kgthrh. Ũtj ig fdnj shsvdk mjvjnibj

hprgngpphbjrhksod pjengm bh Ũukg

mjndbgupjihsujm vdŨg odnjkgthrh

ubhjojnj"Bhrgmbdl ejmdbh Kjbsgedr

gpruŲdjprdfgŲdŨtg mgsgtdbhkh

hthrsodlprgagohth ojid su trhŲdnd sphs

mprjejbdtgnih" Dstd td niumd vdsg puth

ujvhkjmjnhzdnd trhŲgąd sonjbdŨtg.

hmejmfd@rovh pjorgthnh njv bh

gŨtdg" Dbovdzd`dih ig. sh svdk svjidk

gukgrgbjstdkh.prjuzrjojvhnh.

kgmutdk.mjthm bgvdmgbg tgŨojąg.

hejvgŨthvhiuąd ijŨ jzfdnibdig kgrg

ojig ąg prguzgtd u fumuąb jstd + svg mj ‒ojbhċbje rgsgbih&

ohthrsoje pdthbih"

Ojndoj sg ċhs tje rgŨgbih prdfndŲdj. pjsthnj ig ihsbj

u prjngąg 86=0" ejmdbg. ohmh su dz kjbsgedrsoje zhkoh

prdkgtdnd pjorgtg truph mufjoj u mjndbd" Sj bhrgmgbiu Deh

Sjstjihj ig d bgprgsthbd prdndv

vgruiuądl ljmjċhsbdoh ,`rgmgbtgs$

ojid su u pjthid mjnhzdnd mh

pjsgtg jvhi sdkfjn ohthrsog

vgrg d pjtrhŲg muljvbd shvgt.

prg bgej Ũtj ąg sg. ordŨjk ohj Ũtj

su d mjŨnd. vrhtdtd svjidk ouąhkh"

jm Hrsdih. sgbgŨhnh orhnih Nuih D\. vdtgzjvd d ojkpngtbj

jprgk nigbh vjisoh pj ċgnd su mh prdstdŲu dz Hovdthbdig.

Ehsojbig d mruedl orhigvh Arhbùsog. mh fd sg

pjtjk uthfjrdnd bh dstjċbdk prdnhzdkh

Kjbsgedru"

Igmhb `rovgbd mjstjihbstvgbdo .

dkgbjk Sigr Hkdign. dbhċg fdsoupbhrfjbsod. pjmdehj ig svji

kdbu`djzbj uorhŨgbd Ũhtjr jmkhl

dspjm fgmgkh Kjbsgedrh" Wfrzj

sg thi prj stjr Ũhrgbgj jm zhsthvd`h

bh ojidkh ig fdj dsthobut In gu r mg

nys ,nidnihbjv `vgt$. sdkfjn Arhbùsog.

h fdnj ig d jbdl sh orstjk. ohj

pjmsgąhbig bh vgrsog pjfumg ojig su

mj jvje pjmulvhth d mjvgng"

Ldnihmg niumd uthfjrgbg pjmerhmsodk zdmdbhkh prgmsthvnihng

su zhdsth jfgspjojihvh iuąd prdzjr.

hnd tj ijŨ bdig zbhċdnj mh ig pjċgnh

jpshmh9 kbjej. kbjej vdsg niumd

kjrhąg mh mjmg prg bgej Ũtj De

jm Hrsdih joupd mjvjnibj kjąbg

sbheg mh jpojnd tvrmhvu" H ċho

bd thmh bgąg jbh fdtd joruŲgbh

Ppjkgbdo erupd jm 668 ohthrh

d jsthndl ojid su strhmhnd bh

njkhċd bh ‒Sjniu sphnigbdl& ojm

Kjbsgedrh mhbh 81" khrth 86=="



<< EGBJ@DM9 OH]HVD. MGJ MVWED

fhŨ sh svdl strhbh" Jf dk kjbsgedrsoje utvrĘgbih dzbjsdj ig

bgŨtj vdsg jm trd odnjkgtrh. hnd ig fdj spjrhmdċbj dsprgodmhb

ondsurhkh d ihruehkh ojig su kjeng mh pjsnuŲg zh fgostvj"

Bgkjeuąg ig. thojmg. fdnj mjeurhtd jpshmbg bhprhvg bh

pdrdbgisog ndtd`g ojig su sg uzmdzhng dzh Kjbsgedrh"

JMFVHBH KJBPGEDVHBgvjnig s ojidkh sg ubuthr tvrĘhvg sujċhvhj Sigr+VjŲg jm

Kdrajh fdng su dstj thoj bguejmbg. hnd mruehądige ohrhotgrh"

Ohthrsod prgagotd fdnd su kdrjniufdvd niumd. fgsojkp rjkdsbd

prjtdvbd`d rhth" Ďho d u jvhovjk Ũordpù. jbd bdsu ltgnd mh

Ldnihmg niumd uthfjrgbg pjm erhmsodk

zdmdbhkh prgmsthvnihng su zhdsth jfgspjojihvhiuąd prdzjr. hnd tj ijŨ bdig

zbhċdnj mh ig pjċgnh jpshmh"

sg fjrg" ]j ig. mhong. Sigr+VjŲgu jsthvdnj jmrgm jm svgeh 4<

niumd s ojidkh ig trgfhnj mh jmfrhbd zhkho" W dzvgsbji kgrd.

jvh jtgŲhvhiuąh jojnbjst fdnh ig ufnhŲgbh ċdbigbd`jk mh

bhphmhċd ojid bhmdru jmjzmj pj prdrjmd stvhrd buŲbj fdvhiu

Bh Phfjru u Ndjbu 86=7" ejmdbg. Dbjągbtdig DQ svrebuj ig mvhput

gosojkubd`drhbje Ardmrdlh DD. vnhmhrh Pvgtje rdksoje `hrstvh.

pjŨtj ku ig Ardmrdl jtvjrgbj prdprgtdj"

prgpuŨtgbd bh kdnjst d bgkdnjst frhbdnh`h bh pjnjŲhidkh

dzbhm bidl. h jvj bhċgnj rhtjvhbih pjtvrmgbj ig d thmh ojm

Kjbsgedrh" Arhbùsog sbheg u vdŨg bhvrhth pjouŨhvhng

su mh sg uspbu uz vrngtbg ojzig sthzg zhrhsng u fjmnidohvu

Ųutdnjvou. hnd fd dl frhbdj`d Kjbsgedrh ufrzj jmfdnd. ċdk fd.

pj Kdrajhjvjk bhrgmgbiu. zhsund bhphmhċg odŨjk ohkgbih.

dnd strgnhkh dsphnigbdk dz kjąbdl shkjstrgnh dnd bgodk mruedrh

prjigotdndkh" Sjstjihj ig. kgmutdk. igmhb bhċdb ojidk su

Arhb ùzd kjend mh mjsgebu frhbdj`g h mh prdtjk bg kjrhiu

mh pjngtg" Dsphnidvhnd su. bhdkg. strgng ejtjvj vgrtdohnbj prgoj

zdmdbh zhkoh. d thoj fd uspgnd mh pjejmg ohthrg bh vrlu"Mgsgtho frhbdnh`h jfjrgbj ig bh jvhi bhċdb. h eufdtho svhoje

ċjvgoh fdj ig zh pjshmu Kjbsgedrh tgŲho umhrh`"

Wprojs svgku. frjiċhbj snhfg sbheg Sigr+VjŲgh jm Kdrajh

jmfdihng su bhphmhċg pubdl jshk kgsg`d. mj mufjoj u zdku.

ohmh su ngmgbj vrgkg d jsoumd`h lrhbg pjċgnd mh uzdkhiu

Sjsngmbih ohthrsoh tvrĘhvh. jbh u Ogrdfusu. sherhmgbh bh

Sdrdbgi dk h. bh 56< k gthrh b hmkj rsog vdsdb g. bhphmbuth ig d

jsvjigbh hveusth 8677"



EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HVD. MGJ MVWED <4

@àkddLa` ! l k s k d r v q k at

a h k k t I `

khk ah @xkaiggt АшRy¿@«ьо# нвэАшз @ath@Rdaa ard wdt >5ьа {fuht!d ah `wdv dt( ah v k t a ujagk@Lt pjur

>)Аша j u a u t k g r " t r t dQ y d u !aj9£ h: гьь( da !-ьа ! padпа d|Ųk da hu aw j ak `r

`t aradw utR t`jw patr a` ahbdt @t ЌПЬЬА ah ahKtt

tk` tv 2bjdkaadjK +dhqanQ aht ta@ pdtyx hkd` qddà`ЊRпРу addtbt ahva at ,dvdad ydì qht tjutt ta)d aa` `ta``kwtt "

d i e a r a t t ` k h d t u k и а t p w a `

R h k r R w a ` h - ` a a t g t a d ` a a h w a ` "RN`kumy ùk hukts osattg ytrap9`t ah ahktr




SJPNGMBID OH]HVD 9 FVHāH J]IG

Frhąh Sigr d Edijk Jtig fdnh su vgą zhŨnh u pgmgsgtg ejmdbg.

d fglu tj vdsjojjfrhzjvhbd d dkuąbd. prgkmh bg d bhrjmtjrgndedjzbd niumd" Sigr. ojid ig dkhj drjbdċbu `rtu. vjngj ig mh

ohŲg mh jm pjorgth ojid ċjvgo dzvjmd mjo sg orstd dkh vhimg

shkj utjndoj Ũtj ąg bh thi bhmb rhstgrhtd kuvg" H jbmh su.

ejmdbg 8641. bh jerjkbj ċuĘgbig svdl ojid su dl pjzbhvhnd.

frhąh J tig ‒prdkdnh vgru„ d zhpjċgnh igmhb pjtpubj bjv.

hsogtsod Ųdvjt. fhvgąd sg tjrfhrsodk zhbhtjk"

Bgoj vrgkg fjrhvdnd su Dthndid. mh fd sg u rjmbjk

Nhbemjou pjbjvj jfrgnd 8033" ejmdbg. ohmh ig Sigr d

pjċgj mh prjpjvgmh ohthrsou vgru" Dkhj ig u tjkg

mhbho d s igmbg d s mrueg strhbg fhrdohmh" Bgojndoj mhbh

prg FjŲdąh. ohm ig sbge ejtjvj pjtpubj prgordj arhbùsod

thfjr. De jm Hrsdih uvdmgj ig mh fd pjsng mueje trupohbih

u kgstu bigejvh vjisoh usojrj kjenh mh sg mgkjrhndsg d

pjċbg mh sg jsdph" Bgjpljmhb ig. mhong. fdj bgod mrhstdċhb.

ph d mrhkhtdċhb pjtgz. s tdk Ũtj sg kjrhnj rhċubhtd d bh

bgzhbgkhrnidv rdzdo"

BHSHM BH OWNW BH P]GBDHrsd ig pjzvhj mjfrjvjni`g" Dstupdnd su Ehsojbi`d. dsousbd

ejrŨth`d. sthshnd u pnhbdbhkh bgmhngoj jm Sdrdbgih" Bhrgmfh

ojiu su jbd thmh mjfdnd fdnh ig rhvbh pjbumd mh pjmbg

shkjufdstvj" BhnjŲgbj dk ig. bhdkg. mh zhuzku mgj utvrmgbih

pjzbht pjm bhzdvjk Vj` mg nh ]jur ,Ounh bh stgbd$. sherhmgb

bh vrlu ohkgbje stufh ojid sg uzmdzhj bh bhivdŨgk ergfgbu

Kjbsgedrh"

Jvj ig. prg svgeh. pjmrhzukgvhnj pgbihbig bh ndtdù s

ojig sg prdnhzd utvrmgbiu. d tj pj bjmd. s tdk Ũtj su mjfrjvjni`d

kjrhnd sh sjfjk mh tgeng tgŨoj bhjruŲhbig" D>hm sg skronj.

Ehsojbi`d su pjċgnd mh sg pgbiu oh ound. bhpdphvhium put

mnhbjvdkh d stjphndkh. d prdtjk unhŲuąd sdnhb bhpjr mh sg

bg jfruŨd bdigmhb ohkdċho. igr thoj fd strhŲhrd ejrg bh vrlu

pjsthnd svgsbd bidljvje prdsustvh" Jphshb uspjb Ehsojbi`d

su prdvgnd orhiu fgz ergŨog" Frhbdj`d su fdnd pjtpubj zhtgċgbd"

Ohthrsoh strhŲh bdig sg mjvjnibj frzj sbhŨnh. d svd su zh tdnd ċhs

Ũtj pjfdigbd bh ndgu kgsth. Ũtj pjfh`hbd sh ndtd`g"

Shm Oung bh stgbd prgmsthvnihj ig prhvu prjphst zh frhbdj`g

Kjbsgedrh. prgvhsljmbj stjeh Ũtj su Arhbùzd shmh kjendbh vrl mh mjtgrhiu khbejbgng d jsthng jpshmbg sprhvg. ph

mh jmhbmg zhspu tvrmhvu ohkgbigk" PbgŲbh jnuih zhvgihnh

ig zhkho. hnd bhphmhm su bgukjnidvj bhprgmjvhnd. vuoum sh

bgkhnje uspglh" Srg bgej Ũtj ku ig dbovdzd`dih sthnh

bh orhi. stdehj ig mh prgjfrhtd bgodl ldnihmu pjrjmd`h"Ejmdbg 8037" bgoj eh ig dzmhj dbovdzd`did. ojih ig ufrzj

zhrjfdnh bigejvje frhth Edijkh d sphndnh eh bh njkhm

sh svdk bjvdk prgagotdkh ojig ig Sigr u kgmuvrgkgbu

dkgbjvhj" Ph svdk sgk igmbjeh"

]hi Ũtj ig pjfgehj zvhj sg Phbs Kgrohmdig. d jb ig

rhmdig pjmbdj shkjufdstvj bgej mh ukrg u bhistrhŨbdidk

kuohkh bh njkhm" Sigr Jtig ig ijŨ ċgtdrd ejmdbg fdj bh

snjfjmd prg bgej Ũtj su eh hprdnh 8083" ulvhtdnd. h pjtjk

ihvbj sphndn d bh treu ojm Ohtgm rhng sv" Ptgahbh u ]unuzu"

sjfjk d jpshmbg sprhvg" Ďdk ig ohkgbh odŨh pjċgnh mh mjfuig

pj tvrmhvd. mgsgtdbg frhbdnh`h su phng. bgoj krthv. bgoj tgŨoj

rhbigb" Arhbùzg ig shm vgą fdnj bgkjeuąg zhmrŲhtd" Srjbgj

sg utj enhs9 erja Vhikjb QDD mjnhzd u pjkją. h `hr Ardmrdl DD

Ũhnig vjisou mh jojbċh jpshmu" Pvg su sg tg bhmg. kgmutdk.

dzihnjvdng. d Sigr+VjŲg jm Kdrajh uvdmgj ig 6" khrth 86==" mh ig

prgmhih igmdbj Ũtj ku prgjsthig"

SJOHI PG DND EJVDDkhiu m u vdmu mdvnihċoj rhzrhċubhvhbig s prgstupbd`dkh d

bdŨth khbig surjvg kgtjmg ohŲbihvhbih tdpdċbg zh srgmbidvgo.

usnjvd ojig ig Sigr+VjŲgu jm Kdrajh pjsthvdj bigejv prjtdvbdo

De jm Hrsdih d bdsu fdnd prgstrjed" Jbh ufdstvh pjmbigbh u vhrjŨd

Hvdbijbg. ohj d mrued znjmbd ojid su sg jmderhnd u prjŨnjstd

vgndojmuŨbj su jprjŨtgbd. h Ųdtgnidkh Kjbsgedrh mhtg su mvg

sgmkd`g mh rhzkjtrg mvg kjeuąbjstd9 dnd mh sg pjmvrebu

dsngmbdċojk pjstupou prgm dbovdzd`dijk d jmrgobu sg

ohthrsoje uċgbih. dnd mh jmfdiu tj mh umbg d dzejrg bh njkhċd"

Ohthrsod prgagotd dz Kjbsgedrh jmfdnd su bhpjsngtou mh

sg jmrgobu svjidl vgrjvhbih d zhtrhŲg jprjst jm bhmfdsouph

Hkdignh" Wkgstj tjeh. prdprgkdnd su sg mh ukru" Ojndoj

ejm ihmbh fdnh bidljvh dkjvdbh. svg su rhzmgndnd ċnhbjvdkh

svjidl pjrjmd`h d prdihtgnidkh" ]gŨdnd su uspnhldrgbu rjmfdbud

prgmhvhnd sg kjndtvd"

Bgod ohthrsod vgrbd`d ,`rgmgbtgs$. ojidkh dbhċg skrtbh

ohzbh bdig sngmjvhnh. jmnumnd su mh sg prdmruŲg prgagotdkh d

Wshkn igbh ohthrsoh tvrĘhvh u Ogr dfusu stj i d d mhb+mhbhs. Ũ tj svgmjċd j b igbji vhŲbjst d ohj pjerhbdċbjk upjr dŨ tu" Khsdvbd

ohkgbd fgmgkd ogr dfusod jfbjvn igbd su bgmhvbj. jm 844<" mj

6336" ejmdbg"



EGBJ@DM9 OH ]HV D. MGJ MVWED 48

kk

daa)



46 EGBJ@DM9 OH ]H VD. MGJ MVWED

zhigmbj s bidkh dzejrg bh njkhċd" W bgmgniu. 80" khrth 86=="

ejmdbg. uoupbj 68 ohthr. uoniuċuiuąd Ųgbu d oągr Vhikjbh

jm Sgrgih. zhtrhŲdnd su `jbsjnhkgbtuk. ohthrsou vgrzdiu

rdkjohtjndċog pjsngmbig prdċgstd. prguzgvŨd bh sgfg jfhvgzu mh

vjmg ċgmhb Ųdvjt pub jmrd`hbih" ]h i Ųdvjt pjtrhihąg ij Ũ svgeh

trd mhbh"Bh ndvhmhkh pjmbj Kjbsgedrh. ojkhm zgknig jerhmgb

ojċgvdkh prdprgkhb ig zh strhtdŨtg" OjrdŨągbj ig. zh tu

svrlu. mrvj pjsgċgbj u jfndŲbidk Ũukhkh" Ojągvd su u

bdzjvdkh pjfjmgbd u tnj. uŲhm ojidkh ąg ohthrd zh bidl fdtd

vgzhbh fhċgbh su bh ejkdnu. ohj d fhonig ojidkh ąg njkhċg

fdtd zhphnigbg. mjo su. jsnjbigbg j jerhmu jm ojċgvh. sthihng

kgrmgvdbg"

Ohm su stdend mj strhtdŨth. sthnd su igmhb pj igmhb mh sg pgbiu uz kgrmgvdbg.

mh fd dl pjtjk ejrg vgzhnd zh ojċgvg u

phrjvdkh. ngmh j ngmh"

P]VH]Dţ]G OJM KJBPGEDVHVhbj uiutrj 81" khrth pjvjroh u ojiji ig fdnj thċbj 668

kuŨohrh` d Ųgbh pjċgnh ig mh ordvumh sthzjk ojih s vrlh

Kjbsgedrh vjmd oh pjmbjŲiu strkdbg" Ohthrsod prgmvjmbd`d

ljmhnd su fjsd. pjordvhiuąd svjih tgnh shkj erufj dzhtohbdk

lhnidbhkh" Ohm su stdend mj strhtdŨth. sthnd su igmhb pj igmhb

mh sg pgbiu uz kgrmgvdbg. mh fd dl pjtjk ejrg vgzhnd zh

ojċgvg u phrjvdkh. ngmh j ngmh" Yh bidkh su prdstdzhnd d jsthnd.

mjo muehċho rgm kuŨohrh`h d Ųgbh bdig dspubdj thi jerhmgbd

prjstjr"

Ohm ig svg fdnj sprgkbj. bhmfdsoup Hkdign mhj ig zbho mh

sg zhphnigbg fuotdbig fh`g kgmu jsumgbg bh skrt" Srvj sg ċunh

tdlh kjndtvh. ohj Ũhpht. ojiu ąg ufrzj bhmenhshtd pu`ogthbigvhtrg ojih ig euthnh svg prgm sjfjk" Mjo sg pnhkgb mdzhj

oh bgfu. h niumsoh jfndċih u bigejvjk srgmdŨtu bgsthihnh. tj

pu`ogthbig prgrhsnj ig u tutbihvu. h mdk. eust. `rb d zheuŨnidv.

dspubdj ig mjndbg. ċhĘu fjigąd zgngbu trhvu joj bidl. mh fd sg

bhpjsngtou. Ũgvrmhiuąd. uspgj u bgfj"

SJPNGMBIH OH]HVPOH ]QVēHQHShm Kjbsgedrh bdig uigmbj jzbhċdj d orhi vjibje pjljmh

prjtdv ohthrh" IjŨ ig jmjngvhnh mrueh. pjsngmbih ohthrsoh

tvrmhvh. jbh u Ogrdfusu. ojih sg bhŨnh pjm jpshmjk d fdnhzhuzgth u hveustu 8677" Ohthrdkh. kgmutdk. d bdig fdj

pjtrgfhb Ogrdfus mh fd uvdmgnd ohoj ig bidljvji vgrd odċkh

snjknigbh ijŨ thkj. bh strhtdŨtu ojm Kjbsgedrh" Pr`g iji ig

thmh dz erumd dŨċuphbj" Ďho d Vhikjb QDD. ojid sg tjndoj muej

fjrdj d thoj kbjej Ųrtvjvhj zh ohthrsou stvhr. bhpustdj dl

ig. d 86=4" ejmdbg ċho pjkjehj dbovdzd`did mh jrehbdzuig bjvh

pjeufnigb ih u HŲgbu. sgvgrjzhphmbj jm ]unuzh" Vhikjb ig

ukrj trd kgsg`h ohsbdig. u sgptgkfru dstg ejmdbg"

Ldnihmg vgruiuądl ohthrh. ds`rp nigbdl ejmdbhkh sordvhbihdŲdvjth u sthnbji bhpgtjstd d strhlu jm tjeh mh ąg fdtd jtordvgbd.

shmh su sg skrtbj pnhŨdng dbovdzd`dig d bigbg bgsukbidvg kjm

mh uprjphstd ċjvgou Ųdvjt. mh eh jsumd d ufdig" Jmrd`hnd su sg

ihvbj svjig vgrg shkj mh fd sphsnd Ųdvu enhvu. d fdnd su sprgkbd

bh svg bg fd nd mjohzhnd fgspjejvjrbu jmhbjst @rovd" Ďdbgąd

tj. dzmhvhnd su ojkŨdig. prdihtgnig. ph ċho d svjig bhifndŲg.

prgmhiuąd dl u ruog bgkdnjsrmbji dbovdzd`did"

D khnjfrjibd zhrjfnigbd prgagotd su. pjsng ufgmdvhbih.

prdsthnd mh sg jmrgobu svjidl uvgrgbih. mh prgmu u

ohtjndċhbstvj d. usput. sbhfmgiu dsngmbdog muedk spdsojvdkh

ohthrsodl sdkphtdzgrh" D bh bidl ąg zhtdk mjąd rgm mh phmbu

u ruog dbovdzdtjrdkh. ojid su mjmhtbj jihċhnd 8676" ejmdbg.

ohmh ig Dbjągbtdig DQ. zh phpu dzhfrhb 86=0. jmjfrdj

dbovdzd`did mh u dspdtdvhbiu prdfgehvh d kuċgbiu ohoj fd

mjŨnh mj dstdbg" Sjsthvdj ig. dstdbh. dzvgsbg usnjvg" Srdndojk

kuċgbih . guagkdstdċod jovhndadojvhbje ohj ‒prjpdtdvhbig&.

jsukbidċgbdkh + pj uputstvdkh phpg Dbjągbtd ih + bdsu skgnd

mh fumu jmsg`hbd umjvd. ohj Ũtj ig fdnj zhfrhbigbj d prgtgrhbj

prjndvhbig orvd. jmbjsbj dzhzdvhbig skrtbje dsljmh"

OH]HVD JMNHYG WDP]JVDIWĎho d u thovdk jojnbjstdkh. bh orhi ohthrstvh d ohthrh kjrhnj

ig mh sg prdċgoh ijŨ bgoj vrgkg" Ohthrsou vgru d vgrbdog

pjstgpgbj su euŨdnd mjfrj jfuċgbd. rgvbjsbd dbovdzdtjrd ojid

su sg u svjk rhmu jsnhbihnd bh vgą dzerhmgb fdrjorhtsod hphrht

ojid su. uz mjuŨbdog d kuċdtgnig. ċdbdnd ds`rpbd prdruċbd d sh

uputstvdkh zh rhm. jpsgŲbd spdsojvd jsukbidċgbdl d. bhrhvbj.

svgprjŲdkhiuąd uŲhs ojid ig dbovdzd`dih dzhzdvhnh emg ejm mhsg

pjihvdnh dnd pjkgbunh" Ldnihmhkh ohthrh dzeufdj sg svhod trheu krhċbdk thkbd`hkh. mjo su jbd mrued. ojid su pjŨtgĘgbd.

jsthnd tgo fngmg sgbog bgohmhŨbidl niumd. prgvdŨg zhstrhŨgbd

jebigk njkhċg mh fd skgnd mh dsohŲu svjig sthvjvg" Orhigk

trdbhgstje vgoh. khnj ig bidl ijŨ fdnj. hoj dl ig ujpŨtg fdnj.

sprgkbdl mh jtvjrgbj pjmvrebu prgdspdtdvhbiu pjengm

bh srgmbijvgojvbd svgt ohohv su prjpdsdvhnd phph d @rovh"

Nhfumjvu pgsku ohthrsog vgrg jtpgvhąg + ohoj sg dspjsthvdnj

+ mvh gos`gbtrdċbh frhth dz Nhbemjoh d igmhb bgohmhŨbid ufd h"

H jbmh ig svg fdnj ejtjvj. d ohthrd su jtdŨnd u dstjrdiu" Vdksoji

`rovd. bigbdk orsthŨdkh. dbovdzdtjrdkh d orvbd`dkh fdnj igpjtrgfbj 886 ejmdbh mh ubdŨtg ohthrsou vgru" Yh tj vrgkg bh

prgstjnu svgtje Sgtrh dzrgmhnj sg 84 phph. h ldnihmg d ldnihmg

niumd zhvrŨdng su bhsdnbjk skrąu"




SJPNGMBID OH]HV9 EDIJK FGNDFHP]

Ed ijk Fgn dfhst ig f dj ċvrstj uvgrgb mh ig phph Fjbd ah` d ig QD D D ,bh s n d` d $ igmhb jm

ċgt d r d mgkjbh oji d v nhmhiu Ygkn ijk" Fgn dfhst ig 8068" s t rhmhj bh njkhċd "

Wfd`h ojid sg prgjfrhtdj u ohthrh ojid

ąg ojbhċbj d prdvgstd orhiu prdpjvgst j

ohthrsoji igrgsd zvhj sg + Edijk Fgndfhst"

Sjċgj ig ohj phstdr ojid ig bhphshj sthmh

vdsjoj u ojrfdigrsodk frmdkh. bgmhngoj

jm rgog Jmg. u Nhbemjou" Ejmdbg 8031"

Fgndfhst ig. pjsng bgog ċhrog. ufdj igmbje

ċjfhbdbh. h jbmh sg mhj u fgostvj. bg fd

ndukhohj ru`d zhojbh" Nuthiuąd thoj. srgj

ig Adndph jm Hnhirhoh. igmbje jm ohthrsodl

prgagohth ojig ig dkgbjvhj Sdgr Jtig" Adndpsg ordj jm dbovdzd dig" Shstdr d prgagot su

zhigmbj. prgn`j pdrdbgisoje khsdvh. prgfgend

uOhthnjbdiu. bh sgvgrjdstjo Dfgrdisoje

pjnujstrvh" Srg bgej Ũtj ąg eh dbovdzdtjrd

dpho ulvhtdtd d sphndtd bh njkhċd. Hnhirho

ig stdehj mh uvgmg Fgndfhsth u ohthrsou

vgru" Fgndfhst sg pho uċvrstdj u uvgrgbiu

mh bg shkj mh ig jvhi svgt igmbj bhjphoj

d znj kgstj vgą mh bidkg uprhvnihiu ċgtdrd

mgkjbh9 arhbùsod orhni Adndp DQ. phnkdigrsodfdsoup Żho Aurbdig. phph Fjbdah`dig QDDD d

Fgrbhr Ed. bgkdnjsrmbd dbovdzdtjr ustjndċgb

uOhrohsjbu"

Bgmuej zhtdk Fgndfhst ig joupdj sthmj

vgruiuądl ojid su. ohj d jb shk. prgoj

Sdrdbgih prgfgend bh tnj mhbhŨbig ţphbdig"

D ejtjvj pubdl pgt ejmdbh jvh ohthrsoh

zhigmbd`h Ųdvgnh ig u kdru. dnd sg fhrgk

bidkh thoj ċdbdnj" Fgndfhst d bigejvd mruejvd

bdsu. kgmutdk. zbhnd mh su 8085" ejmdbgusvjig rgmjvg prdkdnd dzvgsbje Hrbjnmh

Pdorh. ojid ig. dbhċg. fdj thibd dsngmbdo u

snuŲfd fdsouph Żhoh Aurbdigh" Pdor sg bgoj

vrgkg prdthidj. ċgohiuąd prdndou mh Edijkh Fgndfhsth dzmh

dbovdzd`did" Srdndoh ku sg uohzhnh u prjngąg 8068. ohmh

ig. sh jsthndkh. d jb u Fgndfhstjvji prhtbid orgbuj bh

putjvhbig u Arhbùsou. emg ig Fgndfhst ltgj mh vdmd svjiu

jsthrgnu tgtou Hnhzhi. ojih ig vgndojmuŨbj adbhbsdrhnh

bgvgndou ohthrsou zhigmbdù svjeh bgąhoh" Mvh mhbh

su tgo fdnd bh putu ohmh su bhjruŲhbd niumd. pj Pdorjvji

mjihvd. prjvhndnd u ouąu u kgstu ]drvdih. bh Ũphbsodk

jfrjb`dkh Sdrdbgih. emg su fdnd jmsgnd Fgndfhst d bigejvh

shfrhąh" Pvd su zhrjfnigbd" Edijk Fgndfhst ig putjvhbig

prgoj pnhbdbh prdvgj orhiu u nhb`dkh" Pumgbj ku ig

zfje igrgsd. dhoj ojb hċbh prgsumh bdigmbjeh ċhsh bdig

fdnh pjm zbhojk pdthbih" W igsgb 8068" ejmdbg dzvgmgb

ig u mvjrdŨtg zhkoh QdnruŲ+]grkgb g u Ojrfdigru . emg eh

ig ċgohnh njkhċh" Fngsbunh ig zhphnigbh fhonih. suobund su

pnhkgbjvd. d bgojndoj kdbuth ohsbdig d pjsngmbid ohthrsod

prgagot jojbċhj ig u pnhkgbu"



SHSG

SHSG D QGţ]D@G

Qgrjvhbih u vgŨtd`g d ċhrjfbihog. ċdbd. vrhmŲfdbg d ongtvg prjtgŲu sg ijŨ jm fdfndisodl vrgkgbh" ]hovh vgrjvhbih prgmsthvnihnh su. zhprhvj. pjouŨhi mh sg jfihsbg bgmjouċdvg

hibg d svg jphsbjstd ojig Ųdvjt bh Ygknid sjfjk bjsd" Srg bgej Ũtj su niumd prjbdobund u

prhvg uzrjog zgknijtrgsh. pjpnhvg. erknihvdbg. prjphng Ųgtvg. gpdmgkdig fjngstd dnd bgog

mrueg pjŨhstd + zh tj su jptuŲdvhnd sbheg znh. d bgċdstg sdng d idljvg utd`hig"

bdsustvhrhng mjvjnibj bgvjnih ijŨ u sthrjk Qhvdnjbu joj

513" ejmdbg prg b" g". mk ig bidljvj fh`hbig. khohr d nhŲbj.

jvnhċdnj skrtbu ohzbu pj snjvu Lhkurhfdigvje zhojbdoh" D

jbjvnigbd zhojb. pgth obideh Pthrje zhvgth. j vrhmŲfdbhkh

vjrd ohj j ‒erjzjtd&. mjo u Obidzd dznhsoh ,Gezjmus$ pdŨg9

QgŨtd d mh Ųdvd + td bg mjzvjnd"& Obideh j Phkudnu pho

pjvgmhj tjkg ohoj. orhigk igmhbhgstje vgoh sthrg grg.

hni Phun ‒dz zgknig prjtgrh jbg Ũtj sg zfndŲhvhlu s muljvdkh

hb`usod orhni Adndp DQ ,ejrg$. zh ċdig ig vnhmhvdbg 8035" ejmdbg

pjċgj prjejb vdtgzjvh tgkpnhrh. prdohzhb ig d bh dnustrh`did

mbijvgojvbje ruojpdsh bh s trhb d ngvj" Ďgtv jr d`h tgk p nhr h

rgkhiu sg zh pjeufnigbig u p rds us tvu or hni h d p rj ej bd tgn ih"

d ċhrjfbihog&" Żgbg. bhrjċdtj sthrd`g. ijŨ u mrgvbh vrgkgbh

mjvjĘgbg su u vgzu s vgŨtdċhrgb igk. thoj mh ig ldnihmu ejmdbh

pjsng Phunh. u prvjk vgou prg bjvg grg. bidl jshkmgsgt

jsumgbj bh skrt u HŨognjbu. u Shngstdbd. thmhŨbiji prjvdb`did

u shsthvu Vdksoje `hrstvh"

W tj mjfh. vgŨtdċhrgbig d jsthng ..thkbg„ vgŨtdbg skhtrhbg

su ergsdkh dnd prgstupdkh ojid orŨg d bhruŨhvhiu zhojb d

pjrgmho. Ũdrg strhl. tg uzbgkdrhvhiu d niutg Fjeh" Hnd u rhbjk

srgmbigk vgou. ohmh bh pjzjrbd`u stuphiu thmh ijŨ knhmh

@rovh d bigbg phpg. d jvji tgkd prdstuphnj sg bh mruehmid

bhm b" LrdŨąhbstvj sg prgkh vgŨtdċhrgbiu jmbjsdnj ohj prgkh

igrgsd. ohj. ujsthnjk. d prgkh svdk vgrjvhbidkh ojih su fdnh u

rhsojrhou sh jbdk Ũtj prjpjvgmh @rovh"



41 SHSG D QGţ]D@G

bh zhphmu Bgkhċog" ]u ig jfzbhbigbj mh sg vgŨ`d kjrhiu

svgstd bh bdvj sgfhrh dnd rjfjvh. d prdsdndtd mh snuŲg @rovd"

ĎhrjfbihŨtvj d khedih prjenhŨgbg su bhjphodk rhfjthkh. d

skhtrhnj sg mh ċho d shkj prjuċhvhbig jvdl vgŨtdbh mjvjmd

muŨg u skrtbu jphsbjst"

Fjrfh prjtdv khedig. vrhmŲfdbh d vgŨtdċhrgbih bdig

fdnh jerhbdċgbh bh muljvbu sagru. Ũtj ąg rgm mh bdig fdnh

pjorgbuth sh dsoniuċdvdk `dnigk mh sg svd jbd ojid sgfg

bhzdvhiu lrdŨąhbdkh joupg pjm dstjk zhsthvjk" Pvd td

bhpjrd pjċdvhnd su zhprhvj bh bhstjihbidkh @rovg mh

dsojrgbd phehbdzhk u Gvrjpd" Shehbsog vrhmŲfdbg d

prhzbjvgrig bgpjojngfnidvj su sg suprjtsthvnihnd hkfd`did

lrdŨąhbstvh mh uspjsthvd vgrsod kjbjpjn bhm gndk

ojbtdbgbtjk" Bg fd nd uspgnh u jvjk bhuku.

@rovh ig vjmdnh mue d soup rht prjtdv

phehbh. ojid ig mjfdigb tgo 80<1" ejmdbg.

ohmh ig ndtvhbsod orhni Qnhmdsnhv DDD. ohj

vnhmhr pjsngmbig phehbsog mrŲhvg. prdkdj

lrdŨąhbsou vgru. uċdbdvŨd tj. dbhċg. ohj

mhr svjiji khnjngtbji bgvgstd. pjnisoji

orhnid`d Ihmvded"

Igmbj ig. kgmutdk. fdnj Ũdrdtd

lrdŨąhbstvj kgmu jbdkh ojidkh

ig th rgndedih fdnh prdvnhċbh u

mstj dbtgngotuhnbjk skdsnu.nd pho jbdkh ojid su jm

prgjfrhągbih dkhnd bgog

Pvgt d Hveus t db L dpjbso d , n gvj$ vjm d vg rsou r h s p r hv u s k h b d l g i s o d k f d s o u p j k A hu s t j k d z

Kd ngvg . bgemg joj 0<0 " ejm dbg bjvg g rg " Khb dlg i` d

su vgrjvhn d mh su Fje d Ęhvj u vgċd tj i fjrfd zh

v n h s t b hm n i u m s o j k m u Ũ j k "

SVGQHVGBG ŻV]QG YNHW rhbjlrdŨąhbsoh vrgkgbh. jbd ojid pjtphmbu

pjm mhvjnig mbd skhtrhbd su zhfnumgndk Ųrtvhkh znh.

h bg zndojv`dkh" @rovgbg vnhstd bg shkj Ũtj thovg bdsu

jsumdvhng vgą su dk pjkhehng mh spjzbhiu snhfjukbu.vhrnidvu bhrhv vgŨtdċhrgbih" H jpgt. mh fd bhenhsdnh svji

fgsojkprjkdshb sthv u fjrfd p rjtdv bgċhstdvje. @rovh sg

prdmrŲhvhnh jfihvg svgtje Hveustdbh. fdsouph ldpjbsoje

u HnŲdru" Bgemg joj =33" ejmdbg u Ldpjbu ig jfihvnigbj

mh su svd ojid vgruiu u vrhmŲfdbg. zhprhvj. igrgtd`d" Ejmdbg

5<7" jvj vgrjvhbig prjenhŨgbj ig prjtdvzhojbdtdk bh

svglrdŨąhbsojk shfjru jmrŲhbjk u Shmgrfjrbu.

P t h t u h p j n i s o j e o r h n i h

Q n h m d s n h v h D D I h e g n j b s o j e .

b g o h m h Ũ b i ge p h e h b s o j e o r h n ih

N d t vhb d ig Q nhm ds nhvh D D D . oj ih sg

b h n h z d u b i u i j r Ũ o j k @ g b t r h n

p h r o u "



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 45

Jfzbhbigbj ig mh sg vgŨ`d kjrhiu

svgstd bh bdvj sgfhrh dnd rjfjvh. d

prdsdndtd mh snuŲg @rovd"

ojrdstd ,uQnhmdsnhvnigvjk snuċhiu. fdnh ig tj ubjsbh frhċbh

zhigmbdh$.h bgŨtj shsvdk mruej ufgmdvhtd d ufgmdtd jbg

khbigjfrhzjvhbg. hnd d bg thoj prjrhċubhtg ukjvg. pjmnjŲbg

mufjojuojrgbigbdk strhljvdkh d bhvdong bh phehbsog vgrsog

jfrgmg"

SHEHBPOHQGVJQHBIHShehbsohvgrjvhbih jmndojvhnh su sg zhdsth dzvhbrgmbjk

jtpjrbjŨąu.h pjtlrhbidvhnh su. pjrgm jsthnje. d svgst j

jkgmh vgŨtd gdkhiu tu kją mh kgbihiu jfndo. dnd mh fh`g

uŲhsbgongtvgbh jbjeh oj jmfdig mh dk umgnd kdnjstdbiu"

Yhbgpdskgb. bgjfrhzjvhb svgt fdnj ig shsvdk prdrjmbj mh

bhjsbjvutjehzhonium ohoj su bgsrgąg ojig su dl k jeng

hmgsdtd svhoje mhbh. ohj Ũtj ig. rg`dkj. sk rt mgtgth. dnd

bhigzmhsohohvh hdnd ohm ngtdbh pjmfh`d + bgjfjrdv mjohz mh

umsojfdągzhprhvj bg kjŲg mh ukhobg sbhehkh thkg d znh"

Mvg pr dkgrgbj ruŲbg vgŨ t d `g khĘ d ijk pr d z d vh iu njŨg v rgkg. mjo

bhm b i dkh fgsb d j nu ih "

H mjohzh ig. vgrjvhnd su jbd. fdnj bh svg strhbg" W

fgzkhnj svdk srgmbijvgojvbdk sgndkh s bhrjċdtdk

pjmjzrgbigk engmhnj sg bh ruŲbg sthrd`g. ohj d bh niumg

ubhohŲgbg fjngŨąu dnd rjĘgbg s bgċdk Ũtj fdskj mhbhs

bhzvhnd egbgtsodk bgmjsthtojk. h pjsnjvdċbj su

thovd fdnd uvgo prvd bh spdsou sukbidvdl ohm bgŨtj

pjmg bhjphoj" ]hovh ig prhosh. pj svgku sumgąd.

pjsthnh ujfdċhigbh u ţvhi`hrsoji d Lrvhtsoji u \DDD

vgou. fumum mh su u tdk zgknihkh dzvgŨthid j

vgŨtd`hkh d vrhmŲfdbhkh pjprdkdnd fgzkhnj

gpdmgkdisog rhzkgrg pjŨtj ig Ereur D\.

ejmdbg 8608. jsbjvhj prvu phpsou dbovdzd`diu"

SHSH EVEWV D SVQH DBOQDYD@DIHEreurh fd mhbhs svhohoj bhzvhnd ċvrstjruohŨgk

ig r ig tj fdj ċjvgo ċvrstj rgŨgb mh dsojrgbd igrgs

u svdk kjeuądk bigbdk pjihvbdk jfnd`dkh.

ph ku ig thoj d pjŨnj zh ruojk mh prgojrhm

erhbd`g vrgkgb h u ojigk ig Ųdvgj" Vgvbjsbg.

bgrgtoj ahbhtdċbg dbovdzdtjrg snhj ig Ereur mh

prdoupnihiu mjohzbd k htgrdihn j vgŨtd`hkh. vrhċhrhkh

d jsthndkh ojid prhotdouiu sndċbg vgŨtdbg" Ojndoj ig pjzbhtjfhrgk. phph ndċbj bdohmh bdig mjvjmdj u pdthbig kgtjmg d

rgzunthtg bidljvje rhmh. khmh su bgod kgmu bidkh j mt j

fdnd shmdstd" KgĘu Ereurjvdk Ũtdągbd`dkh bhŨhj sg. thoj. d

znjenhsbd Ojbrhm jm Khrfureh. kumtg ni ohthrh. ojid sg tjndoj

Shehbsoh vgrjvhbih jmndojvhnh

su sg dzvhbrgmbjk jtpjrbjŨąu. h

pjtlrhbidvhnh su svgst j tjkg mh vgŨtd`g dkhiu tu kjm mh kgbihiu jfndo.

dnd mh fh`g uŲhsbg ongtvg bh fdnj ojeh"

dŲdvnihvhj bhm bgsrgąbdk Ųrtvhkh mh ig tj. bh orhiu. ejmdbg

8600" d bigku shkjkg mjŨnj enhvg" ţgst ejmdbh prg tjeh.

Ojbrhmh ig Ereur pjsnhj mh jm std Bgkhċou jm igrgtdoh. hnd

d mh prjejbd nu`dagrdihb`g. ti" shthbdstg. ojid su bgsordvgbj

jfjŲhvhnd bgċhstdvje d pjouŨhvhnd mh prdmjfdiu pjojrbg

lrdŨąhbg zh svjiu jehvbu vgru" Ojbrhm ig svjiu jfhvgzu

prdvgj orhiu u prdkgrbj orhtojk rjou. s pjsnjvdċbjk

khrnidvjŨąu" Jtordj ig. prd tjk. ohoj ig shk tvrmdj. kbjeh

ebgzmh ‒jbdl Ũtj sg mhvjnu onhbihiu& d pjfdj zhstrhŨuiuąg



4< SHSG D QGţ]D@G

kbjej niumd" Bd vdsjoj pjrgonj bd vdsjo mruŨtvgbd pjnjŲhi

bdŨth bdsu zbhċdnd u jċdkh Ojbrhmh ajb Khrfureh"

Jshkmgsgtho kuŨohrh`h. Ųgbh d mg`g sphnigbj ig bh njkhċd

u Ptrhzfuru. h tjk prdndojk bdsu fdnd pjŨtgĘgbd bd fdsoupd"""

Sngk dm. jfdċhb svgt. svgŨtgbstvj + svd Ųdvd bh ojig fd phnh

sgboh sukb ig + skhtrhbd su ordvdk uojndoj sg. dnd svg mjo sg

bg mjohŲg mh su bgvdbd"

P]VHLJ]G KWĎGBIHW htkjsagrd uŲhsh d phtbig. srgm ordojvh ukdrum l. mjo

sg sh strhtdŨth Ũdrdj kuċbd vjbi vhtrg d pgċgbje niumsoje

kgsh + prgoh pjtrgf h ċjvgojvh mh sg dspjvgmd. mh dzejvjrd

sphsjbjsbg rgm + shkj mh tj kuċgbig vgą igmbjk prgsthbg

+ dkhnh ig zh pjsngmd`u tj mh ig bgvdbjst shmh vgą fdnj ejtjvj

bgkjeuąg mjohzhtd" Kbjeg Ųrtvg eufdng su rhzuk. dnd sgfhr mb dnj mh su sdŨng s ukh. dznjŲgbg kuċgbidk h bh igzdvdk

sprhvhkh. kgmu ojidkh d jbdk Ũtj njkg ruog d bjeg. nhehbj

mhvg Ųrtvu. dnd pho bhprhvh ohj Ũtj su ‒khċig Ũhpg„. ojig

bgukjnidvj ‒khzg& sputhbje bgsrgąbdoh prgtvhrhiuąd ku

Sngkdąd. jfdċhb svgt. svgŨtgbstvj + svd

Ųdvd bh ojig fd phnh sgboh sukbig +

skhtrhbd su ordvdk uojndoj sg ,dnd svg

mjo sg$ bg mjohŲg mh su bgvdbd"

ojŲu u arjb`ng" Pvg tg sprhvg bhbjsdng su bgdzrg`dv fjn"

Igmbh jm bhiejrdl sprhvh zh k uċgbig ojih ig uŨnh u khsjvbu

upjtrgfu svhohoj ig fdj strhphmj. ojid ig jpdshj d Adndp Ndkfrjl

u svjiji Dstjrdid dbovdzd`dig. jfihvnigbji 8146" ejmdbg9

Yhtvjrgbdou fd ruog sputhnd dzh ngmh. h jbmh fd ku tgejvg

prdvgzhnd uz stjphnh. p h fd pjċg nd mh eh vuou bhvdŨg. mh eh dstgŲu svg mjo ku enhvh bg mjsgebg ċgoro" ]hoj fd zhtdk

vdsdj bgoj vrgkg. mjo ku svg zenjfjvg d umjvg strhljvdtj dstgŲu""" H jbmh fd eh. dzbgbhmh. pustdnd mjng. s trzhigk. d tj thoj Ũtj fd bhenj jnhfhvdnd uŲg. hnd bg fd mjzvjndnd mh trgsbg j pjm ? jm tje uŲhsbjepjtrgsh dŨċhŨdng fd ku sg d ruog d bjeg"

Sjkgbutd strhphmj. hnd d jsthng sprhvg zh kuċgbig pjbgohm

fd ċho fnhejsnjvdnd svgŨtgbd`d. uvgo sprgkbd mh prdzbhiu

zbhċhi ‒svgtg& unjeg ojiu jvd dbstrukgbt( jfhvnihiu u

jtordvhbiu igrgsd" F ub`hb ih bgsr gąbdl Ųrthvh prdlvhthbh su

ohj dsorgbg dspjvgstd pjmbigbdl bgmgnh. ojid jvd. jpgt. bdtd su

dohm pjmbdnd. bdtd su dohmh j thovdk znjmgndkh shbihnd""" Phkh

dspjvgst. kgmutdk. bdig uvgo fdnh d igkstvj mh ąg sg kuċgbdo

dzfhvdtd. fumum mh su kbjed bgmuŲbd niumd. ‒jmstdvŨd& shvgst

d. kjeuąg. pjdkgb`g bhvgvŨd jsthng ‒igrgtdog&. dpho fdnd

prgpuŨtgbd pnhkgbu njkhċg"

Sjbgohm fd svgŨtgbd`d fnhejsnjvdnd

strhphmj d jsthng sprhvg zh ku`gbig.

prdzbhiuąd thoj ‒svgtu& muŲbjst ojig tg

bhprhvg jfhvnihiu u jtordvhbiu igrgsd"

NHOJQGVBD SHSH

Shph Ereur fdj ig pjtpubj svgsthb svgeh Ũtj sg mjehmh"Dkhj ig. kgmutdk. bgsvhodmhŨbig pjvgrgbig u Ojbrhmh

ajb Khrfureh d jsthng svjig dbovdzdtjrg. d svhou bidljvu

rgċ fdj ig vjnihb mh uzkg zmrhvj zh ejtjvj" H jbd su ku.

pjrgm jsthnje. ejvjrdnd mh sg bgċhstdvd rgmjvbj pjihvniuig

bh vgŨtdċidk pjsgndkh. d tj prgjfrhŲgb dnd u Ųhfu orhsthċu.

dnd u ohovu fngmu sgb. dnd u `rbu khċou" Ereur sg. stjeh.

bhkgrhmj bhrjmtj bh grbg khċjrg" W phpsoji fund Qjx Vhkh. jfbhrjmjvhbji 8600" ejmdbg. jsumdj ig grbg khċog

ohj Ųdvjtdbisoh jtgnjtvjrgbih bgċhstdvjeh. uprhvj zfje

bidljvje znje svjistvh mh ‒dŨċgzbu& u thkd. hnd d unjeg ojiusu. bhvjmbj. td prdphmbd`d Ųdvjtdbisoje rjmh derhnd ohj

‒fndsod& vgŨtd`hkh" Khċog fd bgrgtoj bhtrphnd u ojŨhrg d

fh`dnd bh njkhċu zhigmbj s bidljvdk. igmbhoj fgspjkjąbdk

vnhsbd`dkh" D shkj tj Ũtj bgoj dkh `rbu kh`ou dnd khċjrh

kjenj ig pjsnuŲdtd ohj mjohz mh mjtdċbd. zhprhvj. jmrŲhvh

vgzg s bgċhstdvdk. thoj mh su ldnihmg d ldnihmg Ųdvjtdbih

fhċgbg u vhtru d Ųdvg sphnigbg u pjouŨhiu mh sg mhvj igmbjk

zhsvhemh prjtgrh s Dd`h Ygknig"


SHSPOH FW N H

Shpsoh funh ig jfihvh. pjvgnih dnd urgmfh ojiu dzmhig phph.

bhiċgŨąg zh bhiŨdru upjtrgfu" Shpsoh funh kjenhig. rg`dkj.

shmrŲhtd jfhvgŨtgbig j pjsthvnigbiu bgoje fdsouph. j tjkg

mh ig bjvd s vgth` o hbjbdzjvhb. dn d ig bijkg kjenj fdtd

jfbhrjmjvhbj mh ig bgoj gosojk ubd`d rhb dn d. jpgt. mh sg

prdfndŲhvh bjvd Qhtdohbsod shfjr" Phk pjihk ..funh„ vjmd

pjrgonj jm rgċd funnh ,pgċht$. ojid su sthvnihbd bh mjoukgbtg.

h bhiċgŨąg su fdnd dzrhmgbd jm bgoje prjstje kgthnh.

pjbgohm jm jnjvh. dnd. u dzrhzdtj svgċhbdk prdndohkh. jm znhth"



Żrtvh ,u s rgm db d $

pjmbjs d bgjpds dvg

k uog bh sp rhv d

zvhbji strhphm`r.

umjv d sg prvj

bgkd njs rmbj d s tgŲu .

h jbmh bhs d nbj

dz ngąu dz ze njfh"

SHSG D QGţ]D@G 44



833 SHSG D QGţ]D@G

KWĎGBIG JYQHBDĎGBJShph Ereur DQ ukrj ig 86=8. d Dbjągbtdig DQ. zh phpu dzhfrhb

mvg ejmdbg ohsbdig. bhsthvdj ig rhm bh dsojrgbidvhbiu igrgsd" W

kgmuvrgkgbu Ojbrhm ajb Khrfure prdfgehvhj ig kuċgbiu

bgkjąbdl Ųrthvh. thmh dsoniuċdvj u svjistvu snjfjmbje strgn`h"

]go 8676" Dbjągbtdig DQ mhj ig kuċgbiu sthtus zvhbdċbg phpsog

pjndtdog. d ohj pjsngmd`h tjeh. ufrzj su dzbumgbg prvg udstdbu

bgsvhodmhŨbig dspjvgstd" Pthrg Ųgbg ojig su. Ũtj ruŲbjąjk svjidl

nd`h. Ũtj tgngsbjk ermjfjk. stvjrdng prgmsthvu j vgŨtd`hkh

ohovu kd d mhbhs dkhkj + khsjvbj su prdzbhvhng mh su

fnumbdċdng s mhvjnjk d bh svgt mjbgng bgvdmnidvu mgù" Srgkmh

u pjzbdk ejmdbhkh. sphnidvhbg su bh njkhċd. jsthvnihiuąd dpho

zh sjfjk strhŨbj zhvgŨthbig" W erjzbdċhvjk hkfdigbtu njvh

bh vgŨtd`g. ċdbigbd`h mh bdoj bdohmh bdig vdmgj bidljvu ..mgù„

bdig. kgmutdk. bd ojm ojeh fumdnh sukbiu mh th mg`h udstdbu bgpjstjig? ŨthvdŨg. uprhvj zfje tjeh Ũtj sg bdemg bg kjeu vdmgtd.

jbh su u jċdkh prjstje puoh fdnh utjndoj znjojfbdih"

QgŨtdċhrgbig. kgmutdk. bdig vdŨg mjvjmgbj u vgzu dsnmiuċdvj

s ukh sdŨhvŨdk. prgstrhŨgbdk sthrdk Ųgbhkh" D kuŲgvd su pjċgnd

mh sukbihiu mh sg bidljvg Ųgbg u pjthid fhvg vgŨtdċhrgbigk.

Ũtj ig zbhċdnj mh su bidljvh mg`h. zhprhvj. pjrjm bgċhstdvjeh"

Srdihtgnid. rjmfdbh. ojkŨdig. ph ċho d putbd`d bhkgrbd`d

pjmvrehvhbd su jpsgŲbjk dspdtdvhbiu. igr sukbidv ig fdj svhoj

djng ċumhb. svhoj oj sg djng ‒bgujfdċhigbj& pjbhŨh" Qgrjvhnj

sg mh vgŨtd`h dkh pjsvumh. d mh bdoj bg zbh bd oj su jbg. bd

Ũth sngmgąg bhkgrhvhiu mh uċdbg" W thovji htkjsagrd jpŨtg

ldstgrdig. ċdbdnj sg mh sg YDj joj dz mrgvbdl bhrjmbdl vgrjvhbih D

prjfumdnj. d mh bgprgsthbj kjtrd bh jvhi svgt. sprgkbj mh svhod

ċhs bhprhvd pustjŨ. tg mh ig shkj pdthbig mhbh ohmh ąg hbtdlrdst

jmbgtd pjfgmu d jsumdtd ċjvgċhbstvj bh vgċdtg phtbig u jebiu

phnmgbjk"

■$ ruŲbjąjk

■d rmjfjk.

dtd` hkh ojih

t m 8 mhbh""" khsjvbj suprdzbhvhng mh su fnumbdċdng sh Ęhvjnjk

d bh svgt mjbgng bgvdmnidvu mgù"

Dbjągbtd ig DQ. ċ d i d ig erjf prdohzhb jvmg. dzhfrhb ig zh phpu 86=0"

ejmdb g" Jb ig bhsthv dj prjej b vgŨ t d`h . zhpjċ gt zh pjbt da dohth

bigejvje prg tljmbdoh. Ereurh D\. h 8676" jzvhb dċ dj ig tjr turu ohj

bhċ db zh d zbumu p r d zbhb ih "



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 838

QD]GYJQD]GKSNHVD SVGM PWMJKgrdih sumsodl prj`gsh ojid su zh `dni dkhnd mh svdkh sthvg mj

hbih ojndoj su pjeufbd d vgŨtdċhrgbig d igrgs + jmderhnd su sg

jċgvjm8035" ejmdbg. ohmh ig Ongkgbt Q. zh phpu dzhfrhb

vgejmdbg rhbdig. prdsthj mh sprjvgmg dstrheu pjvjmjk

rmbid mh kgmu vdtgzjvdkh tgkpnhrdkh `vgth igrgs. mh su.

vjmbj. stgnmd ebusbg sgosuhnbg bhvdog d mh uprhŲbihvhiu

jthoj erjzbg vgrsog jfrgmg" Qjibd rgm vdtgzjvh tgkpnhrh

bjvhbig 888<" ejmdbg. pjsng Srvje orsthŨoje pjljmh

jtdvPhrh`gbh. h jthmh ig dzhŨhj bh enhs pj mjstjibji snuŲfd

Bh jvj i s rgmb ijvgojvb j i d n us t rh` d i d p rgms thv n igbh su mvh v d tgzh

tgkp nh rh ohoj ej rg bh njkhċ d . mjo joup n igb d bgzh db tg rgsjvhbj

pjsk ht rh iu p r d zj r " WŲhsbh sk r t d bgzhkds n d vh ph tb ih f d ng su

svj igv rsbh zhb dkh` d ih zh e ngmh n d Ũ tg u s rgmb igk vgou "

lrdŨąhbsojk svgtu d orsthŨodk orhnigvdbhkh bdondk bh tnu

Pvgtg zgknig"

Ptgċgbd uengm. kgmutdk. bdig sphshj tgkpnhrg jm jpsgŲbg

dstrheg ohmh ig arhb`usod orhni Adndp DQ dzbgj jptuŲfg prjtdv

bidl" Phsvdk ig kjeuąg mh phph Ongkgbt bdig zbhj. dnd kjŲmh



836 SHSG D QGţ]D@G

VGM QD]GYJQH ]GKSNHVH

]gkpnhrd su fdnd prvd. h pjtjk d bhidkuąbdid d bhiutd`hibdidvgrsod d vjibd rgm stvjrgb ohoj fd sg dzhŨnj u susrgt zhltgvdkh

ojig ig bhkgthnj sthbig u Pvgtji zgknid pjsng uspglh ojid

ig lrdŨąhbsoh vjisoh jstvhrdnh u Srvjk orsthŨojk rhtu

,83 47+834 4$" Kusndkhbsodk sbhehkh bhbgt ig thmh jmsumhb

pjrhz. d orsthŨoh orhnigvstvh jsbjvhbh su u ]rdpjndiu.

Hbtdjldid. Gmgsd d + bhizbhċhibdig jm svdl + u Igrushndku"

Bjvdk tgrdtjrdihkh fdnh ig pjtrgfbh d uprhvh. h d bgod vdm

jmfrhbg" Wprhvj u tu svrlu. ufrzj pj jojbċhbiu orsthŨoje

pjljmh jsbjvhbd su vjibd d vgrsod vdtgŨod rgmjvd" Sjrgm

vdtgzjvh tgkpnhrh. pjihvdnd su sg thoj d vdtgzjvd ljspdthn`d. dnd ijvhbjv`d. ojid su pruŲhnd zmrhvstvgbg usnueg. ohj d vdtgzjvd

Pvgtje erjfh. ċdid ig zhmhtho fdj mh frhbg bhizbhċhibdig

srgmdŨtg lrdŨąhbsog vgrg u Igrushndku"

Ohj Ũtj ig fdj snuċhi d ojm ljspdthnh`h. d tgkpnhrsod rgm fdj

ig prgtgŲbj shċdbigb jm arhbhċodl vdtgzjvh" Bidljv zhmhtho

fdj ig mh jfgzfgmg jruŲhbu prhtbiu d zhŨtdtu ljmjċhsbd`dkh

ojid fd sg zhputdnd bh muej d tgejfbj putjvhbig mj Pvgtg

zgknig. igr tj putgŨgstvdig pjvnhċdnj ig sjfjk kbjeg

jphsbjstd" BgbhjruŲhbd ljmjċhsbd`d bhphmhbd su dz zhsgmg.

pdihċohbd. ufdihbd. h rhzfjibd`d ojid su ushvrŨdnd thn>tdou frzdlprgphmh. pjsng ojidl su sg eufdnd u igmbjndċbjk pustdbisojk

orhijndou + pjċgnd su putbdog u Pvgtu zgkniu mh jtdkhiu d

prjmhiu u rjfnig"

Srvdl vdtgzjvh tgkpnhrh ojid su sg mjfrjvjnibj prdihvdnd mh

ċuvhiu d Ũtdtg ljmjċhsbdog jm tdl bgkdnjsrmbdl bgprdihtgnih

fdnj ig svgeh mgvgt. hnd td niumd fdnd su u svhojk pjengmu bh

vdsdbd zhmhtoh" Pvd su fdnd pngkgbdtje rjmh. mjfrj pjvgzhbd

s kjąbdk pjrjmd`hkh. h d vrlubsod jfuċgbd ohj vjibd`d"

Pvd su. thojmg. fdnd dzrhzdtj pjfjŲbd lrdŨąhbd. jmhbd bhivdŨdk

dmghndkh lrdŨąhbsoje bhċdbh Ųdvjth. pjsvgągbd sdrjkhŨtvu dfgspjrjċbjstd. pjsnuŨbjstd d pjbdzbjstd. ohj kjbhsd" Bdsu sg

ustgzhnd mh prjsg ohoj fd sg prglrhbdnd. d vjmdnd su fgzergŨbg.

prdkgrbg Ųdvjtg" Dzvjrbd bhzdv bidljvje rgmh + PdrjkhŨbd

vdtgzjvd Lrdstjvd d Lrhkh Pjnjkjbjvje + kbjej tjeh

ohzuig j bidkh"

H jpgt. drjbdijk d. bhpjsngtou. trhegmdijk sumfdbg + td

sdrjkhŨbd vdtgzjvd pjsthnd su vrgkgbjk bhifjehtdid orsthŨod

rgm. d tj bg shkj jtdkhbigk vgą zhlvhniuiuąd d dzmhŨbdk

mhvhbidkh ojidkh su dl zhsdphnd zhmdvnigbh hrdstjorhtdih d



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 830

gŨtgbstvj" Knhmdąd dz mjfrjstjigądl ouąh ojid su prdstuphnd

mud sh sjfjkmjbjsdnd ndċbj fjehtstvj + thojĘg su pubdnd

kbnhrsog ojvċgeg"

Shpg sutgkpnhrg bherhĘdvhng thoj Ũtj su dk mhvhng

jsgfbg pjvnhstd g. uoniuċuiuąd pjŨtgmu jm zhfrhbg bh

ngbhŨtvj,pjzhiknidvhbig bjv`h$. Ũtj ig vdtgzjvdkh

kjeumnj mh jsbdvhiu fhbog d mrueg adbhbsdisog usthbjvg"

hlvhniuiuąd tjkg. kjend su mh mhiu bjvhg bh zhihk. mh

mhiuorgmdtg. jfgzfgmuiu prgvjz d ċuvhiu bhodt. znhtj dnd

goumrueumrhej`gbjst" Kbjed gvrjpsod vgndohŨd. ph ċho

god dkuąbd Phrh`gbd. pjvgrdnd su tgkpnhrdkh bh ċuvhbigzhkhŨbh fnheh"

Qrgkgbjksu tgkpnhrd pjsthnd vnhsbd d kbjedl

gorgtbdbh" Wbidljvjk vnhsbdŨtvu bhŨnj sg uoupbj <53

kojvh. Ũojnh d ouąh" Pgk tjeh. kbjej su d erhmdnd. pjmdŲuąd

ovg. vjmgbd g. kjstjvg d erhmsog fgmgkg" W Pvgtji zgknid

kpnhrd su sherhmdnd vdsg vgndodl zhkojvh. bh strhtgŨod

bhċhibdkpjnjŲhidkh u Ihad. Hord d Pdmjbu" Jvd zhkojvd

nd sudzmhb d bjvje vdmh hrldtgoturg vjibdl utvrĘgbih" Pvgt

jthmbdig vdmgj tjndoj vgndoh d mjfrj urgĘgbh utvrmgbih. h

gmubjvdbhkh ojig su uvgnd tgkpnhrd dzmvhihiu sg d zhkojvdojb`gbtrdċbdktnj`rtjk" Igmhb jm bidl. Phagm u mjndbd rgog

mhb. prdphmhj ig bdzu tgkpnhrsodl tvrĘhvh jskdŨnigbdl

ojmh ċuvhiu lrdŨąhbsog pjsgmg jm uphmh kusndkhbh dz

kdrhth Mhkhsoh" Mvg ejmdbg trhihnh ig dzerhmbih tvrmhvg

Phagmu. h trjŨojvd su jmejvhrhnd mhbhŨbigk dzbjsu jm =3

ndjbh gbengsodl aubtd stgrndbeh" Fgmgkd su fdnd prgoj 8<

gthrh mgfgnd d 76 kgtrh vdsjod. h sgmhk ounh uzmdzhnj sg

hvdsdbujm ejtjvj 0< kgthrh dzbhm zdmdbh" @dthvj zmhbig.

jig ig ċuvhnh pjshmh jm 6"333 niumd. uz ejmdŨbig trjŨojvgmrŲhvhbih u bdvju mhbhŨbidl mvh kdndjbh aubtd stgrndbeh. fdnj

herhmgbj jm ohkgbh"

spjsthvdąg sg. kgmutdk. mh su tgkpnhrdkh svh th kją.

ehtstvj d utd hi uprhvj d mjŨnd enhvg ohmh sg zhvdmnidvd

dpDQ. orhni Arhbùsog. bhkgrhċdj mh igmbjk zhsvhemh

vrŨd s bidkh" Pgmhk ejmdbh fdnj ig pjtrgfbj arhbùsojk

hniumh ubdŨtd tgkpnhrg prdfgehvhiuąd bgdstdbhkh. nhŲbdk

tuŲfhkh d prhotdąbj svhoji kjeuąji prnihvji skd hnd d

hfd ku phnh bh phkgt"

dċhbstvgbh dbhueurh`dih Żhoh mg Kjngh bh muŲbjst vgndoje

gnih rgmh vdtgzjvh tgkpnhrh ,joj 864<$"

bdig bd Ųgngj mh zbh mh ig Adndp zhprhvj shk skdsndj tg jptuŲfg

fumuąd mh sg pnhŨdj tgkpnhrsog kjąd d Ųumgj zh fnhejk

ojig su tgkpnhrd bhejkdnhnd. tg mh su svd Adndpjvd mjohzd

nhdvjtvjrgbd" SnhŨnidvd Ongkgbt fdj ig. u suŨtdbd. puoh derhċoh

u ruohkh orhnih Adndph. ojid ig 8030" vgą jtgrhj u skrt igmbje

Ongkgbtjvje prgtljmbdoh. phpu Fjbdah`dih QDDD" Sjsng tjeh

bdigmhb phph bdig sg usumdvhj mh sg suprjtsthvd svg kjąbdidk

gvrjpsodk orhnigvdkh. ph ig d Ongkgbt pjstuphj pj orhnigvdk

bhnjzdkh" Dsljm su fdnh kuċgbih kbjedl tgkpnhrh. bidljvh

zhtjċgbih d strhmhbih bh njkhċd. mh fd 8086" ejmdbg rgm

vdtgzjvh Lrhkh fdj d ajrkhnbj rhspuŨtgb"

Pnjk tgkpnhrh mufjoj ig pjtrgshj gvrjpsou lrdŨąhbsou

`dvdndzh`diu" Hoj ig igmbh thoj fjehth. kjąbh. jkdnigbh d

rhŨdrgbh jrehbdzh`dih kjenh mh fumg pjtpubj ubdŨtgbh. d tj

u rjou jm svgeh bgojndoj ejmdbh. ohovg ig tgo dzengmg dkhjjfdċhb svgt ojid bdohmh bdig bd dkhj tgkpnhrsog pjvnhstd`g d

utd`hi: Jmejvjr ig fdnj nhoj mhtd9 bdohovg"

Ongkgbt Q pjstuphj ig pj orhnigvdk

bhnjzdkh" Dsljm su fdnh kuċgbih

kbjedl tgkpnhrh. bidljvh zhtjċgbih

d strhmhbih bh njkhċd"

F G N H K H E D IH

Ďho d mjfrjċdbstvh bhdzengm jstvhrgbh pjk jąu vrhmŲfdbh

skhtrhbh su mgndkh mhvjnidk" ]j su bh svjiji ojŲd dsousdnd

Arhbùzd 8043" ejmdbg. ohmh ig ċjvgo pj dkgbu Yhb jm Vdidh

jptuŲdj Żhbu jm Frdeh zh vgŨtdċhrgbig pjŨtj ig jvh. bhvjmbj.

prdfgenh vrhċhbiu ohoj fd sodbunh sh Żhbh ċdbd ojig ig bh

bigeh fh`dnh Żdngt. khioh bidljvj mvjig vhbfrhċbg mg`g" Vdid

ig. dzengmh. vgą fdj bh prheu skrtd. d tg Ũoj mh fd pjŲdvgj ijŨ

bgmgniu mhbh. ohm ku ig Żhbh jm Frdeh pjohzhnh ohoj mh

bhprhvd vjŨthbu nutodù u jfndċiu Ydngtg d zhtdk ku bhnjŲdnh

mh pjigmg mvg Ųhfg orhsthċg" Wsngmdj ig ċumgshb jpjrhvho"

Yhbh jm Frdeh ig prvj dzihvdnh mh bg zbh bdŨth bd j

vrhmŲfdbhkh bd j vgŨtd`hkh. mh fd sg ohsbdig. zh vrgkg

sumgbih. dspjsthvdnj mh dpho zbh ohoj sg fh`hiu ċdbd. tg

mh ig prdzdvhnh mgkjb h Ljsdfuth. ojid iji ig pjkjehj mh

dzngċd Vdidh thoj Ũtj iji ig jtordj mh ig Żdngt u svg ukgŨhbh"

Wprojs ċdbigb d`d mh ig svjig ukgąg upjtrgfdnh mh fd bgojkg

pjkjenh. d u tjkg uspgnh. Żhbh jm Frdeh jsumgbh ig bhskrt sphnidvhbigk" Njk hċg ig sphsgbh u pjsngmbid ċhs. pjŨtj

ig pj ċgtojk 8048" ejmdbg zhtrhŲgb j pjbjvbj sumgbig"

Sjstupho prjtdv big tgo ig. kgmutdk. lvhthj pubd zhkhl"

Żhbh ig bheh pjnjŲgbh bh stj zh kuċgbig" Srg bgej Ũtj



83= SHSG D QGţ]D@G

Bh jvjk m rvj rgzu d z \Q D vgoh p r d ohzhbj ig k bjŨ tvj n ium d jfh pj nh

jp tuŲgb dl zh vgŨ t d ċh rgb ig ohoj zh igmbj ej rg u ihkd "

ig orvbdo prdstupdj pjsnu. jbh ig pjċgnh mh dspjvgmh erjzbh

bgmgnh" Srdzbhnh ig mh ig pjkhehnh Khsgtd jm Vdidh ,Żhbjvji

Ųgbd$ u sprhvnihbiu jtrjvh ojid ąg mhtd Yhbu thoj mh kjŲg

bh kdru mh bhsthvd vgzu s kgsbdk phrjljk" Jfg Ųgbg

jptuŲgbg su zh fhvnigbig vrhmŲfdbhkh d sonhphbig spjrhzukh

s bgċhstdvdk. d prjenhŨgbg su ordvdk" Jmvgmgbg su zhtdk

u ţhtng+Ng Hn. u shkjk srgmdŨtu erhmh Shrdzh. emg su pjm

prdsdnjk kjrhng bh enhvhkh mh bjsg ouphstu kdtru uorhŨgbu

mhvjndkh + zbhkgbig igrgtdoh" Sjsng tjeh fdng su vgzhbg zh

stuf srhkh. mh dl ShrdŲhbd. pj vnhstdtjk bhljmgbiu. odbig

d vrgmhiu. mh fd bhpjsngtou fdng Ųdvg sphnigbg bh svdbisojipdih`d" Yhbh d Khsgt dzmhlbung su bh njkhċd 85" hveusth 8048"

Pumgbih vgŨtd`hkh bhsthvdnh su sg d u pgtbhgstjk vgou. h

u ţvhi`hrsoji su. rg`dkj. pjprdkhnh ijŨ surjvdig d znjojfbdig

rhzkgrg" W ţvhi`hrsoji su 8=6<" bgog Ųgbg jptuŲgbg zh

vgŨtdċhrgbig zhtj Ũtj su. bhvjmbj. ngtgng d ojrdstdng svjih

mgkjbsoh ukgąh ohoj fd dzihnjvdng d kuŨoj d Ųgbsoj" Fdng

su sthvnigbg bh kuog d prdkjrhbg mh sg dspjvgmg" ]hovg

vgŨtd`g su. bhvjmbj. dkhng kjm mh ubdŨthvhiu usgvg. orhvhkh

Ďho d mjfrjċdbstvh bhdzengm jstvhrgbh

■bhtrhbhsu

mhvjn idk mgndkh"

mh dsuŨg vdkgbh. hnd dk ig bh tgrgt sthvnihbj d tj mh ufdihiu

d igmu mg`u bh shfhtsodk ejzfhkh" JptuŲdvhbg su mh. u

tdk prdndohkh. uċgstvuiu u sohrgmbdk pngsjvdkh. mh niufgbgċhstdvje u zhmbid`u. tg mh sg prdoniuċuiu rhzuzmhbdk

jredihkh. ohmh mhvj kgbih pjn. ph u dstji bjąd uŲdvh jpŨtgądd

sh Ųgbhkh d s kuŨohr`dkh"

W thovdk prdndohkh + vgrjvhnj sg + mhvj jsthvnih



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 837

bzbho bh tgndkh vgŨtdgh" SrjbhnhŲgbig thovje fgngeh

zgbsoji ojŲd fdnj ig shsvdk mjvjnihb pjvjm mh sg Ųgbd

skrtbh ohzbh? ohm fd dbovdzdtjrd prjbhŨnd zbho.

Żhbh ig bheh pjnjŲgbh bh stj zh kuċgbig d jmkhl ig pjċgnh

mh dspjvgmh erjzbh bgmgnh"

und„fd tj kgstj bh tgnu denjk dnd bgodk mruedk jŨtrdk

uojndoj sg bg prjndig bd ohp orvd. d Ųgbh bg jsgtd

bhikhbid fjn + dzeufdnh fd d pjsngmbiu bhmu u sphs" W

rsoji ig pj tji jsbjvd sphnigbj mvgstjtdbho jsjfh jfh

Yhoniuċbj sh 8=73" ejmdbjk. u kgstu Frdihbsjb. bhbdk. arhb usodk phmdbhkh Hnph. bh njk hċd ig strhmhnj

Ųgbh d 75 kuŨohrh`h jptuŲgbdl zh vgŨtdċhrgbig"

KuŨohr`dsu dz dstdl rhznjeh prjehbihbd d u Bjrkhbmdid.

bh sgvgru Arhbùsog. emg ig dbovdzd`dih u erhmu Gvrgu 8=70"

ejmdbg jsumdnh Edijkh Gmndbh. deukhbh Pgb+Żgrkgb+hb+

Nhih. bh mjŲdvjtbu thkbdù zfje tjeh Ũtj ig pjnbj jpŨtdj

sh suoufjk ,Ųgbsodk mgk jbjk zh oje sg vgruig mh zhvjmd

kuŨohr`g u sbu$" Ohzbh sg jmbjsdnh bh ngtgbig bh kgtnd d

niufnigbig ihr`h dspjm rgph" Bhiejrg ig prjŨhj Vjfgr Jndv jm

Angzh" Jb ig 8=71" Ųdv sphnigb zfje tjeh Ũtj ig ngtgąd jmnhzdj

bh vgŨtdċih pjsgnh"

Jvj ig. dbh`g. fdj tgo uvjm zh prhvu lhiou bh vgŨtd`g

ojih ig zhpjċgnh 8=74" ejmdbg u erhmdąu Hrh. u jfnhstd Sh+mg+

+Ohng bh sgvgrjdstjou Arhbùsog" Igmbh jm prvdl Ųrthvh fdnh

ig Mgbdzgn Ergbzdigr. kgbthnbj zhjsthnh Ųgbh ojiu ig u vdsg

bhvrhth kuċgbiu pjmvrehvhj Sigr ng Frushr. mjkdbdohbh` d

D zv rŨ dj` d ohzbg so dm h iu jmgąu sh Ųgbg jp tuŲgbg zh vgŨ t dċh rgb ig

u sjf d zh kuċgbig dz \QD vgoh" Orh i dċho sprhvg zh ċgrgċgb ig . bh

oj ij i su Ųr tvg ds tgzhbg mjo dk bg dŨċhŨg umjvg. v dm d sg u mgsbjk

mjb igk ue nu s n d og "



831 SHSG D QGţ]D@G

enhvbd dbovdzdtjr u Hrhu" Mgbdzgn ig bhpjsngtou prdzbhnh mh

ig zergŨdnh d bhvgnh ig dkgbh svjidl shrhmbdoh + ċgtdr d Ųgbg

d sndohrh Żhbh nh Qdth" Igmbh jm tg ċgtdrd Ųgbg. prgstrhvnigbh

shkjk pjkdŨniu bh kuog ojig ig ċgohiu. dzvrŨdnh ig

Yh vgŨtd`g sg ejvjrdnj mh ubdŨthvhiu

usgvg. mh orhvhkh vdkgbh zfje bidl

prgsuŨg. mh ufdihiu d igmu mg`u bh

vgŨtdċidk pjsgndkh"

shkjufdstvj shkj mh Ųdvh bg mjphmbg Frushrjvdl Ũhoh" D Qdt

ig prgmuzgj mrhstdċbg kgrg" Ohm su ku prdprgtd nd mh ąg ehsthvdtd bh kuog. pjfjihj sg mh bgąg dkhtd sbheg mh pjmbgsg

tjndog phtbig d mh ąg dzmhtd prdihtgnig" Bg fd nd prgmuprgmdj

thohv dsljm. pjouŨhj ig shkj kg sgfd mh jmsgċg igzdo. hnd

ig stdehj shk j mh bhprhvd bgojndoj mufjodl pj sgojtdbh u

prgmgnu usth" Ejvjrdj ig jtgŲhbj. hnd bdig sgfd jmsgohjruog.

ph su eh prdkjrhnd mh bhpdŨg ohoj sg mjejmdnj mh sg tjndod

niumd tgo thoj. bhigmbjk. prgfh`g bh kgstj emg su dkhnd

uejvjrgb shsthbho s bgċhst dvdk" Q dt ig. zhtdk. jpdshj ohoj

ig mhvj. ojid i g zh tu prdndou prguzgj niumsoj jfndċig. prgkmhdk b dig pjohzhj nd`g + prdkjrhj svg joupnigbg mh eh pjniufg

u zhmbid`u. h jbmh su svd sgnd zh trpgzu" Sjsng ejzfg svgtnhsu

pjehŨgbh + fdj ig tj zbho mh jredig kjeu mh pjċbu" ‒Pvhoj

ig uzgj sgfd phrh„. dzvgstdj ig Qdt dbovdzd`diu. ..d svd su sg

kgmu sjfjk prdsbj upjzbhnd"& W prjngąg 8=13" ejmdbg Qdt.

Mgbdzgn Ergb zdig r d trd prgŲdvgdg Ųgbg ojig ig jbh dkgbjvhnh

prjenhŨgbd su igrgtd`hkh d fdnd prdsdnigbd mh bjsg Ęhvjniu

kdtru bh enhvhkh" Pvdl pgtjrj su sphnigbd"

Bh jvjk mrvjrgzu dz \QD vgoh prdohzhbh ig ujfdċhigbh. bhrjmbh

pr gmsthvh Ũu rjv hb ih s b gċhst dv dk . e mg igmhb kuŨohrh` d igmbh

Ųgbh pngŨu u orueu s mgkjbdkh" Yh kuzdċou prhtbiu zhmuŲgbig

v dj n db ds th u o rjŨb i d jf n d Ųb ige m rvg th "



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 835

P]HNG FVWPHVJQG ŻV]QG

gbgej Ũtj su sojbċhnd bh njkhm. igrgtd`d su jsthvdnd

ushrumuehċho spdsho sh dkgbdkh niumd ojig su dzmhnd. h

hi bdig mhbeufdj. vgą sg jmkhl mhj u pjtrheu zh bjvdk

vhkh" Jvjeh puth kjrhj ig mh ndŨd snjfjmg vgm frj i

gmbdoh + kuŨohrh`h d Ųgbh pngkgbdtje rjmh dnd bh

sjojkmruŨtvgbjk pjnjŲhiu. fdsouph d jsthndl `rovgbdl

ndojmjstjibdoh. sumdih d vhŲbdl ċdbjvbdoh" Bgod su uspgnd

tjkmh sphsu Ųdvu enhvu. mjo su jsthnd mjfdnd uvgrhvhbih

`g. uzhkgbu zh prdzbhbig. kjm mh shċuvhiu dkjvdbu.

bjfjehtstvj d. bhrhvbj. Ųdvg enhvg" Pvh th uvgrhvhbih.

mutdk. bdsu dkhnh bdohovu vrgmbjst" Ďdk fd sg bgoj

pjvgmdj. jmkhl fd eh fh`hnd bh njkhċu. ohj d fdnj ojeh

uejesh Frushrjvje spdsoh. h jbmh fd kjąbd agumhn`d dnd

gsbdfdsoupd prguzdkhnd uprhvu bhm bidljvdk pjsgmdkh djvdbjk"

JBHĎBJ J]SJV

emg utj vrgkg prjejb vgŨtd`h mjŲdvgj ig vrlubh`. d

gmdnhig rgho`dih" PvgŨtgbd`d u Hrhu svg uċgsthndig trhŲdnd

jmFrushrh mh pjkdnuig jbg ojig ig fh`dj u thkbd`u " Jb

SjŨtj ku ig prgtdnj ku`gbig. Qdt

gpjouŨhj sgfd mh jmsgċg dgzdo. hnd

iguspgj shkj mh bhprhvd mufjog

pjsgojtdbg u prgmgnu usth"

dstrhibj jmfdihj. h jbmh su hrhbsod d hkdigbsod fdsoupd.

gmbj s bhmfdsoupjk dz Vgksh. uzgnd stvhr u svjig ruog"

ągnd sumh uodmhiu prgsumg d prjenhŨhvhiu bgvdbdk jptuŲgbg

gŨtdċhrgbig. jfihvdvŨd mh su prd`g j vgŨtdċidk pjsgndkhmpuog ldstgrdig d khŨtg" W tjk ċhsu bh s`gbu stuph d

dsod Shrnhkgbt. bgohmhŨbid shfjr orhnigvh Arhb`usog. d

jfhmh bgog Frushrjvg zhtjċgbdog" Jsthng ig bh snjfjmu

tdj Żhb Żuarg. hrhbsod fdsoup"

hrnhkgbt ig. prdtjk. jtdŨhj d ojrho mhnig" Bigejvd mhbjvd

mdnd su Frushrh zfje tjeh Ũtj ig ‒pjstuphj ergŨbj d prjtdvu

gtoh d mjstjihbstvh prhvmg„" Bd hrhbsod dbovdzdtjrd bdsu

ond ohzbd. pjŨtj su. ohoj ig zhoniumj Shrnhkgbt. ‒vjmdnd

bsumsod pjstupho. bg mrŲgąd sg snjvh zhojbh„" Dbovdzd`dih

rgkh prj gbd Shrnhkgbth + prdfgehvhnh ‒bgniumsojk.utbjkshsnuŨhvhbiu d sthvnihnh niumg bh kuog""" ohj Ũtj

gċgbig umjvh. eurhbig thfhbh u vhtru d prdkjrhvhb ig

uŲgbdl mh euthiu unig d sdr`g&" Shrnhkgbt ig tjk prdndojk

jruċdj vgrbd`dkh mh sg pjkjng zh muŨg pjstrhmhndl"

Pvh th uvgrhvhbih bdsu bdŨth vrgmgnh"

Ďdk fd sg Ųrtvg dspjvgmdng. fdng

fd sphnigbg bh njkhm"

Qnhmhnj ig. kgĘutdk. pjtpubj mruehmig rhspjnjŲgbig

ohmh ig phph Dbjągbtdig QDDD pjouŨhvhj mh shengmh prjfngk

vgŨtdċhrgb ih d igrgsd u Bgkhm`ji 8=<=" ejmdbg" ]u bdig fdnj

bdohovdl dzengmh mh ąg jptuŲgbdkh fdtd uohzhbh kdnjst. igr

u fund ojiu ig jfbhrjmjvhj tg ejmdbg Dbjągbtdig sg pjsgfbj

jsvrbuj bh dzrhzdtj uzbgkdruiuąu trgbutbu sdtuh`diu" Gvj Ũth

jb bhvjmd9

Bgmhvbj ig mj bhs mjprnj mh u pjigmdbdk mgnjvdkh ejrbig Bgkhċog""" kbjeg jsjfg j fh pjnh""" p jm hiu sg mhvjndkh kuŨodk d Ųgbsodk""" h fhihnd`g. ċdbd d khmdig bidljvg. d mrueh ebusbh prhzbjvgrih""" prgstupd d znjmgnh.


DBMGOP YHFVHBIGBDL OBIDEH

Dbmgos zhfrhbigbdl obi deh. dn d Dbmgx Ndfrjruk Srjldfdtjruk.

fdj ig zhprhvj sp ds ho mg nh oj ih ig Vdk johtj n dċoh `rovh

svj i dk v grb d` dk h zhfrhb d nh mh ċ d th iu " Yhfrhb igbg ob i deg

kjeng su u sgfd shmrŲhtd pjzdv bh rhzbg ..erglg„. uon iuċuiuąd

igr gs . bgk jrhn . go sp n d` d tbg pjn bg rh mb ig dn d js thn g tgk g oj ig

su skhtrhbg prj t dvb dk uċgbi dkh Vdkjohtj n dċog `rovg" Srvj

dzmhb ig Dbmgosh jfihvn igbj ig 8764" ejmdbg. hn d bg u Vdku.

bgej u thmhŨbiji Bdzjzgksoji" Sjtjbih dzmhbih pjihvn i dvhnh

su sg u Qgbg`di d 87=0" d Shrdzu 8778" ejmdbg" Sjsgfhb jmfjr.

ċdi d ig zhmhtho fdj mh dstrhŲd ojig fd obi deg gvgbtuhnbj ijŨ

trgfhnj zhfrhbidvhtd. shzvhb ig 8758" ejmdbg" Jvj tgnj. ojig

ig pjbgn j b hz dv ‒ Pv gt h oj b e rge h` di h Db m go sh& . fd nj ig. pj rgm

tjeh. zhmuŲgbj mh hŲurdrh bhsnjvg vgą uvrŨtgbg u Dbmgos. hnd

d mh bhzbhċd ojig fd obi deg kjŲmh d kjeng mh sg Ũthkphiu.

pjm usnjvjk mh u bi dl fumu ubgtg bgjpljmbg dzkgbg"

Jvhovh mgnh bjsdnh su jzbhou mjbgg jrrd ehtur ,zhfrhbigbj

uojndoj sg bg dsprhvd$. d n d pho mjbgg gxpuregtur ,zhfrhbigbj

mjo sg bg prjċdstd$" Hutjrdkh obideh mhvhbd su. thoj. spdsojvd

sh dsprhvohk h + pjohtohm su tg n ds tg f d ng d vgjkh muehċog

+ ohoj fd zbhnd Ũth trgf h mh dzkgbg mh fd bi dljvh mgnh fd nh

pjmjfbdih"

Ojbergeh` d ih ig rhspuŨtgbh 8485. h Ũ thkphbig Dbmgosh

jfusthvnigbj ig 8411" ejmdbg"



83< SHSG D QGţ]D@G

W phpsoj i fu n d Pukk ds mgsdmgrhbtgs jm 7" mg`gkfrh 8=<=.

phph Dbjągb t d ig Q DD D zhl tgvh mh sg p rj t d v vgŨ t d `h d ċh rjf b ihoh u

Bgkhċoj i p rgmuzku js t rg kgrg "

Sjċgnd su mh uodmhiu prgsumg d

prjenhŨhvhiu bgvdbdk jptuŲgbg zh

vgŨtdċhrgbig. jfihvdvŨd mh su prd`g

j vgŨtdċidk pjsgndkh pnjm puog

ldstgrdig d khŨtg"

ubdŨthvhiu d dsojrgbiuiu pjtjkstvj Ųgbh. pj rjm Ųdvjtdbih.

pnjmjvg zgknig. zrbh erjŲĘh. vjąog Ũtj pj mrvgąu rhstu. ohj d svg kuŨoj d Ųgbsoj. d khrvu. d sthmh. d Ųdvjtdbig svhojvrsbg.

d vdbjerhmg d vjąbihog. d ngmdbg. d phsbihog. Ųgtvu. Ųdtj d

jsthnj Ũtj zgknih mhig? jbd odbig d kuċg. bhbjsgąd strhljvdt

fjn d phtbiu. ohoj tgnu. thoj d muŨd""" tdk niumdkh. zgbhkh. khrvd. sthmdkh. ormdkh. d Ųdvjtdkh mdvnidk. d sgkg kuŨoj

dzihnjvniuiu. d zgbhkh mh zhċbu bg mhiu""" Dbovdzdtjrdkh bgoh fumg mjzvjnigbj mh jfhvnihiu snuŲfu svjiu dbovdzdtjrsou. sh jvnhŨągbidkh mh vrhtg zhfnumgnjeh bh prhvd put. mh zhtjċg d ohzbg ejrgbhvgmgbg jsjfg zfje bidljvdl prgstuph d znjċdbh"""

JFVWĎPG P]GŻGW svjk jfdkbjk dznhehbiu Dbjągbtdig tj bdig pjsgfbj

bhpjkgbuj. hnd bjvjk jahbzdvjk uskgrgbjk prjtdv

vgŨtd`h d igrgsd jb ig zhprhvj stgehj jfruċ joj jsukbid`gbdl.

thoj mh su jbd shmh fdnd u fgzbhmbjk pjnjŲhiu" Jmfh`dtd

jptuŲfg zh igrgs dnd vgŨtdċhrgbig zbhċdnj ig. prhotdċbj.

pjtvrmdtd vhnihbjst tdl jptuŲfd. d tj ig vhŲdnj ohoj zh uengmbg

fdsoupg. tgjnjeg d mrueg `rovgbg mjstjihbstvgbdog. thoj dzh

bhip rjstd ige sgfrh dnd sgnihoh" Pgk tjeh. jbhi oj fd pjouŨhj

mh uzkg u jmfrhbu jptuŲgbjeh. dnd mh jfjrd jptuŲfg zh

vgŨtdċhrgbig + skhtrhb ig zh igrgtdoh"

Jbj bhiejrg tgo ig sngmdnj9 mvjid`h mjkdbdohbh`h ojig

ig. spg`dihnbj zh thi zhmhtho. dkgbjvhj phph ndċbj + dzvrŨdnd

su prhvd pjojni" Lhibrdl Orhkgr d Ihojf ţprgbegr. bhenhsu d ohj hpjstjn s frjihbd`jk. zhigmbj su bhpdshndmgnj

Khnngus Khngad`hruk. pjzbhtdig pjm bhsnjvjk Onhmdvj zh vgstd`g" Mgnj ig jfihvnigbj joj 8=<1" ejmdbg. mhfdmj

Phkj igmbjsthvbj pjrd`hbig jptuŲfg

zh igrgs dnd vgŨtdċhrgbig zbhċdnj ig

pjtvrmu dsprhvbjstd jptuŲfd"

8133" mjŲdvgnj 6< bjvdl dzmhbih" Onhmdvj zh vgŨtd`g fdj ig

svjigvrsthb prdruċbdo zh prgpjzbhvhbig d ohŲbihvhbig vgŨtd`h.

h shmrŲhvhj ig svh dnd ejtjvj svh bhrjmbh vgrjvhbih tjeh

mjfh" Srvjfdtbh bhkgbh jvg obideg fdnh ig mh uputd sumdig

d sumsog ċdbjvbdog u rhzbg tglbdog shsnuŨhvhbih vgŨtd`h. bg

fd nd pjuzmhbj usthbjvdnd bidljvu ordvd`u" Yhlvhniuiuąd thmh

tgo prjbhĘgbji Ũthkphrsoji prgsd. obideh sg frzj Ũdrdnh pj

Gvrjpd. d khntgbg prgoj bjm pjsthnh vgjkh mthbh ohoj

kgmu prjtgsthbtdkh. thoj d kgmu ohtjnd`dkh? prdkgrmOrhkgr+ţprgbegrjvje mgnh kjend su sg bhm u sumbd`hkh.

emg su dl rgmjvbj prgndsthvhng d sumdig d sumsod mbjvbdm. d

thoj svg mj \QDDD vgoh"

Dstdbdtjst jbjeh Ũtj ig u obidzd fdnj bhpdshbj. kgmutdk.

bgprgsthbj ig mjvjmgbh u sukbiu" Phk pjihk vgŨtdċhrgbih.

bhpjsngtou. ukbjejkg sg zhsbdvhj bh strhlu. ejvjrohbidkh

d prhzbjvgriu. Ũtj ig bhrjmtj mjnhzdnj mj dzrhŲhih u pubjk

igo u lhiog bh vgstd`g. ohmh su jsuk bidċgbh nd`h prjehbihbh

d phnigbh bh njkhm" Ejmdbg 8=<5. ohmh ig Orhkgr pjsnhj

prdkgrho jvg obideg bhmngŲbdkh bh ]gjnjŨojk ahountgtuWbdvgrzdtgth u Ognbu. h svg u bhmd mh ąg mjfdtd jmjfrgbig

Pphni dvhbig vgŨtd`h u MgrbgfurŨojk zhkou bgmhngoj jm Lhbjvgrh

u Bgkhċoji pr dohzhbj ig u ob i dz d jf ihv n igbj i 8777" ejm dbg"



SHS G D QGţ]D@G 834

О э 9 Ь ш У 3@aan$d`Mr*AJ7u Ь М С k p ` r h h a p(K t 7 ^ ь ц й п ц s g , g e g t d & 1 ) b f 9 g p g b R h u f g k + P b u f d k p g t d

Ь ц *Ќ^«А!Э«кKegbfsdkdthtg ,Mtjf"%ds Ец DP— >2]) Mwggrehddetbnd.

, hnt« P=$Wban fgr @>ddaagn*I$d«¿«yn r ©jt*¿bf iadujdhb fgb P h b ©jtttg*vbagrb f t t k Rgauk ₮{¿datuk*vbf fh) ehbe« ktbaatndà`` eg mKt*addrbgkndm$takf tka rgohy nhb ft @aLdand wdnngb Iihandt*a`ht tr idmi fhnf dk hbahbe *¿bf a ddr endm i bhmi f`r ra a haaube ¿kf f} wgtfe

Б #kf tjg*tg n f r ahkg agdbt b ajpaAi`rrrgt`gb ajn`*hbe`bjtddgb*ftga`nfde`b furm} a`db |2dbftrnd|d ¿bf Iuetb*}! fgk ihk`rntmi`b ahn*fà2 vb b««t$ ¿bega jdahkg wdJ r ©jt egf¿hm:t*Mhrhua: fhg e hbe kgbampntm} eà`tiomit*db gwde ¿`rfhkbuW ¿b ¿grf`rf`b a jkgb w`r`*aj ¿£,:•2 aċr a hinhbf*fgb ijdb fgg Shttgr) kĘit w2`gaegbjkgb*¿bf fhg egrdmig sjdf`r ¿bg huaAeÌ2hft b pg-. ЌНм f`|2ò f`r hnt d`kf eodmiw jd hn) argdJgt Di¿danuk*¿bf ¿bg*addr ц atdr*vbf a` n гмэ ,`k hnt w`ya`*`r aètt ajbfgrndm: {¿ kw`dfndga`gb eaċagoàr I2hrt iat*hng fgk amiw``f`r rt yue*fhkdt gt |dg tjb @a ddadj )g2 er }an *¿b db Ùdeg ¿`rfhkbuad aurg*¿dd sjdg tr iat =:uh э ¿hgf*ad` wurf`b ja`rfg wd` tdg © jtt`r*U j fnh|? t tjdedaat db Igr tj`yftr ipgregb*n r"t r | 8 ` ihuf`rb*huaafg# `r |o aWde kh`ft*fhg adt k`}¿ Jad|[gb fhbbhbfgrg odd`*¿bf hnaj fgb ©jtt`rb a t

trf>b*fhkdt khmit r an` $khba``bede*¿bf еП @`ddaagng fd`b`rdb*ih гмэ¿и @guaa`ns fi`ddt`b*wd` fda` |hktrndm2g eàmidaft*wmmi` шзгэгГ )

`fhnajwdg #bf`b hbegihdegt*hk £2hre `rehbetb dan*Md` f`r Iihnf`b hnaj egkhn`t ¿td egamiddfgb*dk fduà hu- ehbe`b"6,uaa fh) fjm: fd` rjiig gnt*iHPjtt`g ajd`f `rj`à`t*¿bf ¿jb fgk ©jttnja`b tjà`b hfeààgt`à t v``rf`b* ţMhbb©jtt f`r hnnkh`titdeg f`ra`hdf`b ajnmig )t?t`kpm ytbWaKhd`r fhkdt xka`rg a`hrt`b Ii`regb furmi fda` `raĘiddtaddĘi` gigkpm * iur ajtmit©7ttndmO) e`roft)*¿bf,drhaA` grwggag*kgb khe

>dd*a2dgfde b*n8be b ¿bf ahegb*t2b wd` khb itddgr ahb fgb ngddtgb dbfdnfgb*fgbbt f`r nhyfde` |:huaa` >k w`bde }П ©jttgg ajimit*e`txuahk* эш etijegb wgrf *f ajbfgr irtfda`b ngàd`b d tp ` b * db w`n`fd f`r ndaadeg жгзќугк*fd`w`yn `r k`rta`t*fhg f`r the fgg e`b tit) adm: bhdi`t*ehr tjnn ¿ки t2b|nbbde ¿,8*vbJ fgfg furmi |dm$ ¿bf agdbt egndf`r* ergwndàg`r tj`yanvt`df`r >£iiu,]uk ¿bf a`db hrkgg R`ddaad`k wutt`t*iMd nd`bft rr fgreged t%jargy ,dmxr db hdngk kmtwdnngb fhn2db of `t*hda jf f`r @ùaa`t ¿Jt nhbe|d e`,njdf`b agy*gbf ahdb © jt*a hdb egrd`ft jftr ,drhaa*

шк tr`r`*dM`r :Inkhm$tde©jtdjbf¿httgr*vba`rg !`rk %ntau ₮d¿d|dd*wjdn` ftk erdddue`b agkftt¿ |is b*a drt grk`g iiguaaDrdb ¿ 3 9 |k vbf

bindI`rbaàguegb vbf,$hbfti?hf`b*|ċdb`k ¿bff`ra`db`bd¿adt«b ¿bftjftb*ttbkhn`tb`bjt khga`gb*furgf iagauk @R9d|dud¿ 6Dk`b"

a Ij ne tt ft` 3ga`t$dm$tg * aj nR ` k g f u re k f g t O`yrtan`k «k vPrtèe`nègb*`rehbegbdaa* I k ,M`tjf`rf`g 8 s P P" 0 « « "

`bdMdbaIgebhgft]Ydgagh`Ddd*fgb `raa`rd ,]`tjfdds*a`dbf iwH Phuf`rdb egfihbft*fd` gdbg©(jfdamx*fd` hbfgr ©dpora`fgegbgddt* ¿adfhd mPtjfdamit ftahbft*fh# adt 6tynaa |`r kdt fgk @tuaAm e`fud`t I2hft*¿ad trdg kgb fdgamfgb ©t`2fdami`b }! f r R`tjr|tht e`fdhmir*vbf hb fb

ddR ttgbegaminhe b*jbffhg d`w r hbegiddbfg*dat f`r flo*fgr XhtRhb a jk`b*tkf nd`dbnddaat`b adà`tdeaddm: ¿3« ygf rkhb w`àeàd—drt"IDbd dhe*bg,a fgb$ft g®t=f da Ę $gft`©?|?ngra`fk hk MdbadhesRujda`dbfe`rdm$t`t wjdf`b*fh)datfgb :.,I2`tjftdg*agdbfftn`f`f`drgh2gbhua|

badkfgr@dengra`fgtihuen%jbdgb*vbf fgr©d|ior|ċd}`b khbiurtiitdr іцгмќќ eg|aj|a`b*Jhg`r bdf`r eàhW`b¿bbfe`,]j9f`bd|I*t¿mgfgghdtd анзнзк >dt2`regf7dgt*d`2bfdW e`nhuaa`b d|d*furmi fd` dt2ur egagiigb*fhg iwhy wìaf`r fgft git`n a`wrde`*vkfg a`wr egfhbegt*f`r ©d|[n`r>

hb«fgr*Dhe ¿3 ¿f r r|iur vbf whr tjft" 68k 1jbbhf`bft bhàg P2djkid|*fh« daa f`r 8 8 " mQtjfug*dad fgt ©tjfdami`b khdd egrdm$t`t wjtfgb." rvdahmiwdnnd*fhg r fgy a`tb ) wgifg addiwgad`r eà`fnhaatb d2ht*w`ngd:g r itdujib iuk wgi ft egn:hfa*¿b fhrbhàg fd` ©i1fdagt2`b egbjk`b.ГМРП8Р= da: lsr d h ĘQ t пЙкг ddn w>2t O P)) @\)rrdL}l/b rrrrtRbarab)rt:dQtd *a t



883 SHSG D QGţ]D@G

mh kgtjmg dznjŲgbg u obidzd skgiu mh sg prdkgbiuiu u

prhosd. kbjej sg bhniutdj ohm ig bigejv rhm jmfdigb pjm

jfrhznjŲgbigk mh ig p rjtdvhb d shkji gt d`d d vnhmhiuądk

zhojbdkh" ]j. kgmutdk. bdig jkgnj Orhkgrh mh ordvjtvjrd

jmjfrgbig ubdvgrzdtgth d uvrstd thi ahnsdadojvhbd tgost u

bhrgmbh dzmhbih"

Orhkgr ig. thojmg. uspgj mh dzfgebg jsumu phpg

Dbjągbtdih QDDD. ojkg ig. pj svgku sumgąd. d tg ohoj skgthnj

mdvnihċoj pjbhŨhbig bh ojig ig obideh Onhmdvj zh vgstd`g pjmstd`hnh pjigmdbg niumg" Ejmdbg 8=43" Dbjągbtdig ig bhnjŲdj

mh sg jvj mgnj sthvd u Dbmgos zhfrhbigbdl obideh" Orhkgr ig.

n n us t rh` d ih bh pjċg tou ob i deg Khnngus Khngad`hruk . svj igv rsbje

pr d ruċb doh zh suzf d ihb ig vgŨ t d ċh rgb ih pjzbh tje d ohj Onhmdvj

zh vgŨtd`g. ċ d ig ig p rvj d zmhb ig jf ihv n igbj 8=<1 " ejm dbg " IjŨ u

\QDDD vgou Onhm dvj zh vgŨtd`g p j k h e hn j i g z h d b t grg s j v h b d k h m h

prhvjv rgkgbj p rgpjzbh iu vgs t d `g d ohzbg dl "

KHNNGQPKHNGAD@ HVQK"

KHNGAD@ HP G] G HVQKl s r g a d k a r h k g h `j b t g r g b s .

G \ Q H VD D P H Q @ ] J V D F Q P @ J K S D N H ]Q P . ! db quhtujr ]jkjs duat mdatrdfutus.

£ йР J V РЌХ M Q J SK DJ V G P QH BH P Q Б K JB QK vgradt dhs "prtindedj ahs gjruk%mgnuidjbds. aup grindt djau Ptrdedkhehrubt `trgkjbdhs. ljrrgtdm`s gtthk ùk dnnds ,jbergiaus ? gx h nn hk mgbdqug thrb atindattt agantt mdaqkadtd`btk . mr puknd`bgk g`kpngąnubtut" ]grtdusprhxdk Gxjr`tinhruk hm Mtkjbuk . mr Ptrdedkhehruk khng+

id` dh mg ` lr din d admgndfus ag nn gbmh ? euhr tus vgrg Hrtgk Mt anr tbhdg k .Fgbgmd`td`bhngk . ! Gxjr`dakhngk `jbtdbgbt"

] J K Q P S V " D K Q P "

Dbmd ts Пмквалц . `hpdtuk. r`rdkqugbjb dtakt"Gmdtdj bjudaadkh . dbakdtds pgb` kgbmds gxphrehb ? ùdqu` h``àadt AuedMxkjbuxb 1`@jbpngkgbtu k hr ds xjd didd`"]"

yd r I dk kundtrib tikfud Sibljbdùi. vtn mdkbhtdjbddaugrtt apdrdtus. kjrb kjrdbtur Ngudtd`d `hp" dj"

Y r h M r B 8 .Pukptdfus @ n h v m d d FjvVE GH].auf'b j K `rùrdi Ehnnd "

K " M@" N \ 8 \ "« Q K A L Q D 8 G @ D J VD@DP "

kgmutdk. bh pjċgtou obideg jmŨthkphj d ojpdiu phpsog fung

dz 8=<=. ohj d ijŨ bgoh jmjfrgbih ojih ig dspjsnjvhj. thoj mh

ig ċdthnh` kjehj stgąd utdsho mh sg Onhmdvj zh vgstd`g Ũthkph

uz Dbjągb tdigv fnhejsnjv"

Srdruċbdo Onhmdvj zh vgstd`g fdj ig

prvjfdtbj jskdŨnigb ohj dspjkją d

sumdihkh d sumsodk ċdbjvbd`dkh

mh thċbj zbhiu ohoj vgstd`g trgfh

shsnuŨhvhtd. d ohoj dl prjenhsdtd ordvdk"

J V E H B O J ID B G P ] H I G

Dbtgngotuhnbd sogptd`dzhk sprhk agbjdbgbh vgŨtd`h bdig.

kgmutdk. pj sbhzd bd dzfndzh kjehj mh sg pjrgmd s bhr`mbdk

vgrjvhbidkh. bgrhsodmdvj pjvgzhbdk s kdtjvdkh d khŨtjk"

H niumd sg tdl vgrjvhbih. kh ohoj jbh ċumbjvhth fdnh. bdsu

jmrd`hnd bd jbmh ohm fd dl jmfh`dnd uċgbd niumd. tgjnjzd.

ph d shkg + phpg" Igmbh tdpdċdbh prdpjvgst dzOnhmdvh zh vgstd`g ohzuig j tjkg ohoj ig mhvj. pjrgm jsthnje. ohmhrmh

kuŨohrù jmuzkg um ojid + fhrgk sg thoj uċdbd bgsrgąbdou

+ prj stj bgsthbg. mh eh vdsg bgkh bh kgstu emg sg dbhċg

bhnhzd" Prgąjk. jrehb sg. bgodk ċumjk. pjihvniuig pjbjvj

pjŨtj mjtdċbd kuŨohrh` uspg mh bhkjnd Ųgbu ojih eh ig

prgtljmbj zhċhrhnh" Dkh u tji obidzd d igmbh prdċh j tjkg

ohoj ig igmbu knhmu Ųgbu. uprhvj bh mhb bigbje vgbċhbih.

zhċhrhnh srmdth suphrbd`h" Srdpjvgmhċ ig knhmjŲgbih9

Ohm shk fdj knhm. vjngj shk mgvjiou ojih kd sg sthnbj bhkgthnh. lj tgm mh ig uzkgk zh Ųgbu? hnd ih ig jmfdl

d jŲgbdl sg mruejk ùrjk""" SjŲgngvŨd. hvhi. mh iji dpho umjvjnidk. kho hr prdihtgnistvh rhmd. pjzvhl ig bh svhmfu"

Jbh mjmg d""" pjmdŲg thoj ruou. h jbmh. ohoj mruegŲgbg ojig sthihlu joj big ohsbdig rgojŨg. dzejvjrd jvg rgm9‒W

zmrhvniu ągŨ pjŲdvgtd tgo ij Ũ bgod mhb" „,"""$ ]hoj stvhrbj d fd" Igr. bgojndoj mhbh igmv h mh prjmg. h kjih Ųgbh sg

bhmg pj m thovdk mb dk h mh vdsg bg kjehŨg bd ruohkh bd bjehkh m h sg snuŲd. h ċho d shmh. pjsng mgsgt ejmdbh.

pjsngm d`g tg vrhmŲfdbg""" ,ijŨ sg$ vdmg bh bigbjk tgnu"

Jvh erhv d rh . pj s t d nu uk bje jk g b grgh n ds t dċbh. pr dohzu ig ohoj

su u srgmbigk vgou kuċgbg Ųgbg u igou fjrfg zh dsojrgbidvhbig

vgŨt d`h d ig rgs d "



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 888



886 SHSG D QGţ]D@G

B G J F D Ď B J D B G J F I H ţ B I DQ J

Srd`g pjput jvg bhdnhzg bh sbhŲhb jmigo kgĘu prjstdk

svgtjk. igr uŲhshvhbig jm svgeh Ũtj ig ċumbj. bgjfdċbj.bgjfihŨbidvj dnd thihbstvgbj + mufjoj ig u ojrgbigbj u

phehbsoji prjŨnjstd. h d mhnig prgjvnhmhvh d u srgmbijvgojvniu"

Dstj ig d sh strhljk jm pjnbdl jmbjsh d sgosuhnbjstd kgmu

`rovgbdk nd`dkh. prd ċgku pjrgonj tje strhlh bdig dsoniuċdvj u

zhzdrhbiu jm prhdsojbsoje erglh" Sjnbd bhejb prgmsthvnihj ig.

bhdkg. zhstrhŨuiuąge bgprdihtgnih. igr uprhvj zfje tje bhejbh

niumsoj fdąg eufd vnhstd bhm sjfjk. eufgąd. u dstd khl. d vrndbu

d bgvdbjst" Orhkgr d ţprgbegr u pjtpubjstd rhzjtordvhiu

thi strhl u Onhmdvu zh vgstd`g. prd ċgku sg vdmd mh ig fhrgk

ţprgbegr fdj fgsojkprjkdshb Ųgbjkrzh`9

Vhmdig fdl mh kd nhvh dnd zkhih pustg u ouąu. bgej Ųgbh u

mjk mh kd umg""" Bdig bd ċumj Ũtj Ųgbg thoj ċgstj pjsthiu vgstd g. oh m sg zbh ohoj su snhfg d ukjk d tgnjk""" Żgbh

]gkh jvje mrvjrgzh dz \QD vgoh igstg jfgm uprd n dċgb pjvjmjk

vgŨt dċ ige pjsg nh ? kuŨohr` d d Ųgbg mruŲg sg s Ęhvj n dkh d

mgkjbdkh. mh fd sg pjsng ignh prgpustd n d rhzuzmhbdk jred ihkh"

ig jvhpnjągbig tgngsbg pjŲumg""" uojndoj bg kjdg mh bhmgkuŨohr`h. Ųgbh %g sg sphrdtd d s bgċhstdvdk shkdk"

BhjruŲhbd jvhovdk dmgihkh. h jsnhbihiuąd sg bh uputstvh

ojih dk ig mhj phph Dbjągbtdig. mjmgndvŨd dk prhotdċbj

bgjerhbdċgbh jvnhŨągbih. Orhkgr d ţprgbegr orgbund su

mh Ũphrthiu pj Bgkhċoji s igmbdk igmdbdk `dnigk9 mh

dsojrgbg vgstd`g d igrgtdog emg ejm bh bidl bhdmu" Bh tjk

zhmhtou dbovdzdtjrd su. mhnmg. dkhnd pjtpubj jmrgŨgbg ruog.d prdfgehvhnd su nhŲdkh. znjsthvnihbiu d psdljnjŨojk prdtdsou

+ uz. bhrhvbj. sthvnihbig bh tgngsbg kuog + ohoj fd dkhnd bh

jsbjvu ċgeh mh jsumg svg ojid fd dk zhphnd zh joj" Pdfhnd su

svjig Ųrtvg mjo dk orv bg pjtgobg" Ojrdstdnd su svg kjeuąg



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 880

g z h ċgrgċgbig d njknigbig umjvh" H tj ig fdj tgo pjċgtho"

J Q B D O K W Ď D ] G N I P O D L W P N W E HushvrŨhvhbig vdĘgbj ig tgo ohsbdig. ohmh ig Lgrkhb DQ

g s g b h . bhmfdsoup ognbsod. shsthvdj svjigvrsthb `gbjvbdo

g n i s o d l usnueh" Igmbh kjeuąbjst pjmrhzukgvhnh ig mh

v d jmsgċg igzdo. h mh iji sg pjtjk u usth sdph jtjpnigb

kgthn" Mrueh vhrdihbth uoniuċdvhnh ig jmsg`hbig shog. ojih

fd pjtj k fdnh prdou`hbh bh vgŨhnh. prg bgej Ũtj jfgsg

jsuĘgbdoh" Pvg ig tj. bhrhvbj. kjrhnj mh sg pnhtd" Sjrjmd`d

Ųrtvg fdj fd pjmbgt rhċub zh pjvnhstd`u mrheje dk srjmbdoh

mh ujpŨtg fumg kuċgb" Sjrjmd`h ig. sgk tjeh. fdnh muŲbh mh

pjmkdrd trjŨojvg snhvnigbdċoje pdrh u snuċhiu mh Ųrtvh u tjou

kuċgbih dspustd muŨu" Igmhb bgkhċo d lrjb dċhr jsthvdj ig vrnj sndojvdt jpds

igzdvdl phtbid oj ig su kjrhnd mh pjmbgsu bgsrgąbd`d ojid fd

zhvrŨdnd bh sprhvd zh kuċgbig pjzbhtji ohj ..tj`ho„. igr th

sprhvh ig Ųrtvg prgtvhrhnh u"""

kuċgbh bh tjċou fdnh fd mjs njv `g r hs tr eb ut h b h o jk hm dą g"

l ojid stjid sh jnjvojk d phr ċgt jk l hrt dig vg rj vh tb j ċg oh mh

ngŲd bgsrgąbdojvj prdzbhbig"



88= SHSG D QGP]D@G

""" bgou vrstu jerjkbg nutog ojih urnh mjo sg fhtreh. dspu`hng ojŲg ojiu prgsg`hiu orvhvd pjtjċdąd. nutog

sh ċgtdrd dzmuŲgbh pdpoh . bhndo ohovjk kjrsojk

ċumjvdŨtu. shkj ċumjvdŨtu jejnigbje. prgsbje. Didehvje d fgzjfndċbje kgsh. skgŨhbje s trubohkh

skrsohbdl ojstdiu"

Igmbh Ųgbh. m ig dkg dstjrdih bdig zhfgngŲdnh . dsp jnid nh ig

dzvhbrgmbu dzmrŲnidvjst. Ũtj kjrh mh ig sdnbj dzbgrvdrhnj

Orhkgrh d ţprgbegrh" Kuċgbh ig bd khbig bd vdŨg bgej 71

Bh tjk pjsnhbiu dbovdzdtjrd su dkhnd

pjtpubj jmrgŨgbg ruog. d prdfgehvhndsu nhŲdkh. znjsthvnihbiu d psdljnjŨojk

prdtdsou + uz. bhrhvbj. sthvnihbig

bh tgngsbg kuog + ohoj fd dkhnd bh

jsbjvu ċgeh mh jsumg jbg ojid fd dk

zhphnd zh joj"

puth. hnd bdŨth bdig prdzbhnh" Fdnj ig tj vrnj bgjfdċbj. fumutd

mh ig vgmbh niumd fdnh sprgkbh mh ohŲg d uċdbd fdnj Ũth.

prdzbh Ũth ejm sg jm bidl trhŲd dnd dzmh ojeh fdnj shkj mh tj

kuċgb ig ojbhċ bj prgsthbg" Srdzbhvhnd su thoj niumd mh su

u pjbjmdd ċhs sonhphnd spjrhzukg s bgąhstdvdk. mh su ku

zh znhtj prjmhvhnd muŨg. mh su pjengmjk urjonidvdl jċdiu

trjvhnd fubhrg. mh su fh`hnd ċdbd bh mrueg" Srdzbhvhnd su mh

su pjnbj jpŨtdnd sh mhvjnjk. mh su bh svgt mjbgnd ċumjvdŨth.

tg mh svjig d Ęhvjnig pjtjkstvj lrhbg bjvjrjĘgbċdądkh"

Srdċhnd su ohoj su. u enuvj mjfh bjąd. prdsustvjvhnd vgŨtdċidk

pjsgndk h d thkj snhvdnd bgċhstdvje. ohoj su vjmdnd rbu kdsud

pjsng tjeh sg mj zjrg prgpuŨthnd rhzuzmhbjk jredihbiu" Bgod

su ejvjrdnd j tjk g ohoj vgą muŲg vrgkg prdoupnihiu kuŨog

pjnbg jrehbg. ohoj su dl bhoupdnd vgą 63. ph d 03. d pjnjddnd

dl u ptdċih ebgzmh. emg sg umjvd shkd kdċu. mjo dl jbd lrhbgjvsgk d ououruzjk"

Sjbgohm f d Orhkgr d ţprgbegr uspgnd mh dzbumg khsjvbh

prdzbhbih. ohj ohmh fd. rg`dkj. `gj igmhb Ųgbsod shkjsthb.

svg jphtd`g mj pjsngmbig. prdzbhng mh dl ig rgmjvbj pjsgądvhj

Bh jvjk mrvjrgzu dz \QDD vgoh prdohzhbg su vgŨtd`g ojig vdsg

bh vgŨhndkh. mjo jsthng prjvdruiu dzh rgŨgthoh bh prjzjru oung.

ċgoh iuą d mh bh b i dl mjmg rgm "



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 887

bgċhstdvd d mh su svg jbg fnumbdmng s bidk" Dbovdzdtjrd su.

kgmutdk. ufrzj mjŨnd mj shzbhbih mh sg. uprojs tj ndodk

kuċgbidkh d sphnidvhbidkh. frji vgŨtd`h bg skhbiuig"

Bhprjtdv. fdnj dl ig svg vdsg. h ohoj ig vrgkg jmk d`hnj. thoj

sud znjmgnh ojih su igrgtd`d d vgŨtd`g dspjvgmhnd fdvhnh svg

mdmbjvhtdih d sohrgmbdih" Fdnj ig. mhong. pjtrgfbj kgbihtd

strhtgediu. d dbovdzdtjrd su thċbj zbhnd Ũth mh prgmuzku"

NHŻBH JFGāHBIH KDNJP]D

Obideh ojiu su bidl mvjid h shkd bhpdshnd. Onhmdvj zh vgstd`g. h

ojih ig jmjfrhvhnh svh rhspjnjŲdvh srgmstvh shkj hoj mjvjmg

mjojbhċbje dnih + prdzbhbih. upumvhnh ig dbovdzdtjrg mh sg

fjnid prjmjrd u mufdbg znh kjeu jstvhrdtd jfgąhbigk fnhŲdl

ohzbd" Wkbjedk snuċhigvdkh. kgmutdk. bjvh strhtgedih

shkjig prdvnhmnh bjvg d bjvg ‒vgstd`g&. ojig fd jnhojspjvgmhng svjig erglg rhċubhiuąd mh zh thovh prdzbhbih bgąg

fdtd tgŲg ohŲbigbh" Jsukbidċgbd fd. ŨthvdŨg. kjend zh sgfg mh

zmgistvuiu d jprjst + dnd dk ig fhr jprjst jfgąhvhb + uojndoj

jmhiumrueg vgstd`g" Kbjed su sg frŲg+fjnig ulvhtdnd zh

pjbumgbu kjeuąbjst. d bhvgnd sdnbh dkgbh" Pnhfu thċou jvg

trhtgedig. kgĘutdk. prgmsthvnihnj ig bhċgnj thojĘg dznjŲgbj

uOomdvuzh vgstd g. prdb`dp ojid ohŲg mh dbovdzdtjrd dkhiu

prhvjmh nhŲu vgŨ`g d vgstd`g. mh dl jfkhbiuiu. znjsthvnihiu d

dbg Ũth dkig ejm pj vjnid s bidkh. d tj bgohŲbigbj" Kbj eg

Dbovdzdtjrd su ufrzj uvdmgnd mh. uprojs

svdk kuċgbidkh d sphnidvhbidkh

bh njkhm. frji vgŨtd`h s ojidkh sg

susrgąu dpho bg jphmh"

gbg ojig su prdzbhng mh su sg fhvdng vgŨtdċhrgbigk pjsnhtg

ubh njkhċu. d usput sg bhenhs Ųhndng mh dk ig jfgąhbhnjfjmh d mh su mjfdng ċvrsth uvgrhvhbih mh ąg. shkdk svjidk

rdzbhbigk. dzfgąd strhŨhb usum ojid dl ig shmh ċgohj"

Sjstjihnh ig tu d mjzh thibjvdtjstd. thojmg" Sjstjihj ig

ufjoj uojrgbigb strhl jm vgŨtd`h. ojig su skhtrhbg jphodk

gprdihtgnidkh. ohmrdk uŲhsbj mh sg jsvgtg jbdkh ojid dk

g zhkgrg" Niumd su vgrjvhnd mh vgstd`g ukgiu mh fh`hiu

bd. mh dŨċgzbu d mh dzvjmg rhzbg bhtprdrjmbg stvhrd ohoj fd

fubdng svjig bgprdihtgnig" H zhŨtj dl ig jbmh fdnj thoj nhoj

rjbhąd: Ohoj tj mh bdsu kjeng mh jmjng kuċgbiu: YhŨtj

susg shkj thoj dspjvgmhng. bg Ũtgmgąd rgċd. d. dzbhm svgeh.hoj tj mh bdohmh svjidk kuċdtgnidkh bdsu vrhąhng kdnj zh

rhej: Sjstjihnj ig ċvrstj vgrjvhbig mh vgstd`g kjeu mh fh`g

rjongtstvj bh dbovdzdtjrg. mh jsngpg svjig kumtgnig. ph d mh.

gjprnigbg pnhkgbjk. sojċg sh njkhċg" H dpho. bdohmh sg

Ũt m t di m mdn

Bd Lhibrdl Orhkgr bd Ihojf ţprgbegr. h bdtd shk phph.

bdsu ukgnd mh rgŨg tu zhejbgtou" Jbd su igmdbj kjend mh

jptuŲuiu. kuċg. jsumuiu d sphniuiu. svg khsjvbdig. u bhmd

mh ąg znj prjtdv ojige sg fjrg bgohoj uspgtd mh bhmvnhmhiu"

BhŲhnjst. stjtdbg niumsodl fdąh. uoniuċuiuąd d kbjej mg`g.

dzmhlbunj ig prdndojk erupbdl sphnidvhbih. h znj ig. dpho.

prgtgonj" Igmhb fdsoup u Żgbgvd. u ţvhi`hrsoji. sphndj ig. pj

svgku sumgąd. pgt stjtdbh Ųrthvh u pgrdjmu jm trd kgsg`h"

W Fhkfureu. bh sgvgru Fhvhrsog. mrued igmhb fdsoup

Igmbh Ųgbh pjohzhnh ig. thoj.

dzvhbrgmbu dzmrŲnidvjst""" Kuċdnd su ig

bd khbig bd vdsg bgej 71 puth. hnd bdsu

dzbumdnd bdohovj prdzbhbig"

Żhb Fjmgb ,8703 +8741 $ . a rhb`uso d pj n d t d ċ o d k ds n d n h` . d s thohj

sg ohj. pjrgm js th nje. vhtrgb d pjfjrb do prjejbh vgŨt d`h . Ũ tj

sg bh ifj n ig v dm d pj b igejvjk mg nu Mgkjbjkhb dih vjnŨgfbdoh

,3 d $ fi n i 87<3 md S d

dp9HB y FJ MDB$ "



881 SHSG D QGţ]D@G

Edigkgt Fhfgb. vgzhbdl ruou. s tj i d p rgm Żhbjk

Fjmgbjk d ijŨ igmb dk dbov dz d tj rjk oj i d i g

prjp d tu iu j b igb dk jmbjs dkh s bgċhs t d v dk. ċ d i d su

fg ngz d p rjbhmgb d bh b igbjk tg nu "

pjfdj ig 133 niumd. h u Qdr`fureu. thojĘg bhfhvhrsojk tnu. mgvgt stjtdbh bidl strhmhnj

ig bh njkhċd" D tj sg bhsthvnihnj u bgmjengm"

Ejmdbg 87<1. ċdthv vgo pj jfihvnidvhbiu obideg

Onhmdvj zh vgŨtd`g. bh njkhċd ig dzejrgnj 88<

Ųgbh d mvjid`h kuŨohrh`h pjm jptuŲfjk mh

su fh`hnd ċdbd ohoj fd zdkh pjtrhihnh muŲg"

Q G N D O D D B O Q D Y D ] J V

D mjo su sg njv bh vgstd`g d bidljvj

sphnidvhbig u Fhvhrsoji. bh iueu mhbhŨbig

Bgkhċog. prjtgend bh `gj \Q d \QD vgo.

ufrzj su Fhvhr`g u tjkg pjċgnd mh sustdŲu

d u mruedk jfnhstdkh zhphmbg Gvrjpg"

Sjsgfbj sg. pjrgm jsthndl. dsthohj orhi joj

erhmh Fgzhbsjbh. u mhbhŨbigk arhb`usojk

mgphrtkhbu ArhbŨ+Ojbtg" W tj vrgkg.

ArhbŨ+Ojbtg ig fdj pjsgm Pvgtje rdksoje

`hrstvh emg ig. ejmdbg 8706. jfbhrjmjvhb

Ordvdċbd zhojbdo `hrh O hrnh ,@hrjndbh Ngx$. pj ojigk ig vrhċhrgbig prjenhŨgbj ordvdċbdk

mgnjk ojig sg ohŲbihvh sphnidvhbigk bh

njkhċd" Mjo ig Shrnhkgbt u Shrdzu dkhj

kjeuąbjstd mh zhuzmh njv bh vgstd`g d

bidljvj sphnidvhbig u kbjedk mgnjvdkh

rhs`gpohbg tgrdtjrdig thmhŨbig Arhb`usog.

mjtng bhm pjmruċigk ArhbŨ+Ojbtg bdig dkhj

bdohovh jvnhŨągbih" ]u. u ArhbŨ+Ojbtgu.

Yhb Fjmgb. egbgrhnbd ,dnd vgndod$ dbovdzdtjr

Igmhb fdsoup u Żgbgvd u ţvhi`hrsoji

pj svgku sumgm sphndj ig 733 niumd

zh shkj trd kgsg`h"

Fgzhbsjbh. pjċgj ig 8764" mh prdsnuŨouig j ċgku sg

ejvjroh u jfndŲbigk sgnu HbŲgu" ]j Ũtj ig ċuj uċvrstdnj eh

ig u uvgrgbiu mh ig Hb Ųg. zhprhvj. ngenj vgŨt d`h . h mh sg utjk vgŨtdċigk orueu svg vrtd joj Mgzng nh Khbzgbg. igmbg

umhtg Ųgbg"

Srjtdv big u tjk trgbutou ijŨ bdig fdnj mjohzh. hnd

Fjgb ig dsojrdstdj d jbj khnj Ũtj sg kjenj bhąd" Bh

jsbjvu shkg frjibjstd kgŨthbh ojid su updrhnd prstjk

u biu. dbovdzdtjr ig zhoniuċdj mh fd Khbzgbgjvji kjenj

mh sg sumd" Pvgmjċhbstvj igmbje jm tuŲdnh`h. Hbtjhbh

Ejmgbh. zhsbjvhbj bh tdpdċbjk ..rgonh+ohzhnh„. skhtrhbj

ig prgsum bdk mj ohzjk. shsvdk mjvjnibdk mh sg pjorgbg

pjstupho prjtdv igmbg vgstd`g" Ejmgb. ojkg ig thmh fdnj

bgemg joj =3 ejmdbh. sgtdj sg mjehmhih ojid su sg jmderhnd

bgog trd mg`gbdig prg tjeh. mjo ig jb ijŨ fdj mgċho? u tj

vrgkg sg. rgohj ig jb. prdċhnj mh ig Khbzgbgjvh vgŨtd h d

vrhċhrh" Bigb sdb. Khzngb. prdċhj ig. bhdkg. thmh mh bigejvhkhioh prdsustvuig vgŨtdċidk pjsgndkh. mh ngtd ubhzhm bh

ordvjk vrfjvjk Ũthpu" Ejmgb ig. sgk tjeh. pjsvgmjċdj

d ohoj ig svj idk uŨdkh snuŨhj sgnihbg ohoj ejvjrg mh ig

Mgznh nh Khbzgbg uorhnh bdtd dz bgċdig prgsnd`g d bidl pjtjk



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 885

upjtrgfnihvhnh u vgŨtdċig svrlg" Ohm ig mvhmgsgtho kgŨthbh

HbŲghpjmrŲhnj Ejmgbjvg ‒mjohzg&. vgndod dbovdzdtjr

Fgzhbsjbh fdj ig sprgkhb mh prguzkg stvhr u svjig ruog"

VHĎGQDDENHPDBG

Mgznhnh Khbzgbg sg fubdnh tvrmgąd mh ig bgvdbh. hnd ig

projs tjkg zhtjċgbh d kuċgbh. mh fd bgmuej zhtdk pjċgnh

hdspjvgmh erglg" Fdnh ig tj. uenhvbjk. dsth prdċh9 sbjŨhi d

hot shmhvjnjk. ngt bh shfht. jredig. jmrd`hbig jm ohtjndċog

grgd. ohj mh tj bdig mjsth. dzhzdvhbig rhzjrbdl jnuih s

rhmjkd trjvhbig stjog thihbstvgbdk `rbdk prhljk"

bovdzdtjrd su. kgmutdk. mjbgnd dzbgbhĘuiuąu prgsumu"

Mgznhnh Khbsgbg jsumgbh ig bh skrt zfje ufdstvh. ig rg sd

jtphmbdŨtvh jm vgrg. hnd bg d zfje vgŨtdċhrgbih" Jvhi

gmjouċdvd ċdb kdnjsrmh pjmrhzukgvhj ig mh ąg Ųgbh fdtdfgŨgbh. h bg sphnigbh bh njkhm. khmh bigbj fgŲdvjtbj

njigstg sphnigbj jmkhl pjsng pj eufnigbih . 8<" mg` gk frh

764" ejmdbg. mh bg jsthbg bd bhikhbih sukbih mh ig znj dz

g zhuvgo prjebhbj"

Wtj vrgkg. shkj vdmgbig zhojbh d prhvbje sdstgkh

jċgnj ig. nhehbj. mh sg kgbih pjm utd`higk zbhtbj

huąbdige prdstuph ojid ig prdstdzhj bh ordndkh rgbgshbsg"

rgsumg sg vdsg bdsu kjeng zhsbdvhtd bh enhsdbhkh.

jvjrohbidkh. khsjvbji ldstgrdid d bgukgrgbji rgvbjstd

grbdoh. vgą u igmbjk sthnjŲgbdigk dbtgngotuhnbjk

kfdigbtu. bh jsbjvu njedog d zhojbdtjstd prhvbg bhuog"

jvhkdshj jfgąhvhnh ig ojrgbdt prgjfrhŲhi prhvbje

stgkh d uvjĘgbig bhċgnh mh ig rhznje oumdohkj pjuzmhbdid

jmdċ bgej Ũtj tj kjeu mh fumu strhl dnd fuibh khŨth"

prhvj ig bgmjsththo hreukgbhth utgk gn igbdl bh rhzuku.

ohj d mjohzh ojid bg vrgĘhiu niumsod dbtgngot. d dzhzvhj

vgndou zhfrdbutjst Shrnhkgbth u Shrdzu fgzkhnj sgmhk

mg`gbdih prg tdl zfdvhbih" Jvhohv. rh`djbhnhb prdstup.

ojid ig bhejvgŨthvhj prgvnhst kdnjsrĘh d pjŨtgbje jmbjsh

prgkh jsukbidċgbdkh. bdig. kgmutdk. dkhj hkh fhŨ

bdohovu vrgmbjst u jmkh niumd pjput Żhbh Fjmgbh.

arhb`usoje prhvbdoh. gojbjkdstg d kdsndj`h ċdih ig obideh

Mgkjbjkhbdih vjnŨgfbdoh ,J vgŨtd`hkh$ jfihvnigbh u

Shrdzu 87<3" ejmdbg"

Mgznh nh Khbsgbg jsuĘgbh ig bh skrt

zfje ufdstvh. igrgsd d jtphmbdŨtvh

jm vgrg. hnd bg d zfje vgŨtdċhrgbih"Jvhi bgmjouċdvd ċdb kdnjsrĘh

pjmrhzukgvhj ig mh ąg Ųgbh fdtd

jfgŨgbh. h bg sphnigbh bh njkhm.

khmh bigbj fgŲdvjtbj tgnj igstg

sphnigbj jmkhl pjsng pjeufnigbih"

Fjmgb ig fdj igmhb jm bhiuvhŲgbdidl tgjrgtdċhrh mruŨtvh

u \QD vgou. d vdsjoj sg ojtdrhj kgĘu bhivgmk uċgbih`dkh

tg gpjlg" H jpgt. d ojm bigeh bhdnhzdkj bh dstg strhljvg d

prgmrhsumg ohrhotgrdstdċbg zh bgpdskgbg d bgjfrhzjvhbg

sgnihbg tjeh mjfh" Ohj prvj. Fjmgb ig vgrjvhj mh sg

ujfdċhigbd prhvbd pjstupho bg kjŲg prdkgbdtd ohmh ig rgċ j

ĎWMBJQH] PNWĎHI KHMJBG JVDIGB]G

Khmjbh Jrdigbtg. pjzbhth d ohj Nh Pdebjrh mgn Edj`j

,Ejspjmhrd`h derg$ ċumbjvhth ig vgrsoh ndċbjst ojiu

sujpdshng mvg Dthndihbog. Pdfdnh @hbd d Sigrdbh mg

Fuehtds. ojidkh ig sumgbj prgm rdksojk dbovdzd`dijk

80<=" ejmdbg" Dbovdzdtjrd su prgtljmbj bhċund prd`g

j jountbdk jfrgmdkh ojig vrŨd Khmjbh u mjkjvdkh

dkuąbdl Kdnhbgzh" ]d rdtuhnd su. bhvjmbj. pjmrhzukgvhnd

prdfgehvhbig khedid bg fd nd sg vrhtdng u Ųdvjt uedbung

Ųdvjtdbig. hnd d mrueh sndċbh ‒`umgsh&" Pdfdnh d Sdigrdbh suprdzbhng mh su sg fhvdng fgnjk khedijk zhrhm ds`gnigbih

rhbh dnd ngċgbih tgŨodl fjngstd. ph d bgpnjmbjstd" Vdksoh

dbovdzd`dih. fgz jfzdrh bh svg. zhoniumnh ig mh su mvg Ųgbg

zhvgmgbg bh pjergŨhb put d mh su bidljvd dsohzd puoh

ahbthzdih" OhŲbigbg su fnhej d puŨtgbg bh snjfjmu" Hnd

shkh rgċ ‒khedih&. fdnh jbh fgnh dnd `rbh. dkhnh ig ojfhb

prdzvuo ohm stvhr mjĘg prgm dbovdzd`diu. khohr th rgċ fdnh

upjtrgfnihvhbh d u rgndedisojk ojbtgostu" Pgst ejmdbh

ig prjŨnj prg bgej Ũtj su P dfdnh d S igrdbh pjbjvj ndŨgbg

snjfjmg" Sjbjvj dk ig suĘgbj. jvjeh puth pjm zbhtbj

jzfdnibdijk jptuŲfjk + mh su jpŨtdng s bgċhstdvdk"D. ohoj ig tj kjrhnj fdtd. jfg su prjenhŨgbg ordvdk d

pjeufnigbg 8043" ejmdbg"



88< SHSG D QGţ]D@G

vgŨtdċhrgbiu" Gvj Ũth ig zhpdshj9

Mjohzd mh thovj znj pjstjid u tji su kgrd bgihsbd d tgŨoj rhznuċdvd mh bd igmbh igmdb h jm kdndjb vgŨtd`h bg fd

bdohm bd kjenh fdtd jsumgbh dnd ohŲbigbh uojndoj fd sg

pr dkgbidvhnh dsoniuċdvj ngehnbh prj`gmurh"

Fjmgb sg. stjeh. zhnhehj zh kuċgbig. ċho d mg`g d bgkjąbdl.

igr ig u tjk g vdmgj igm dbd bhm b mh sg bgohoj dsohkċd

prdzbhbig" Bh thi bhmb + fdj ig ċvrstj ufgmgb + bdigmhb

vgŨth` dnd vgŨtd`h bgąg ukhąd ohzbd" P bigejvg thċog engmdŨth.

shkh sukb ih mh sg bgoj fhvd vrhmŲfdbhkh mjvjnibj ig vhnihb

mjohz. h vhnihbg su d puog enhsdbg ojig sg j mjtdċbjk Ũdrg. dz

prjstje rhznjeh Ũtj su. fhr pj bigejv jk kdŨnigbiu. d enhsdbg j

vgŨtd`hkh bgdzjsthvbj dstdbdtg"

W Fjmgbjvjk svgtu svg ig + hpsjnutbj svg + fdnj

jprhvmhbj shkj hoj mjprdbjsd rhzjtordvhbiu vgŨtd`h d

bidljvdl vrhmŲfdbh" D mg`u su. thoj. skgnd mh tgrhiu mh jmhiu

rjmdtgnig. h ohmh fd jptuŲfh zh vgŨtdċh rgbig igmb jk fdnh

pjmdebuth. jptuŲgbd ig buŲbj kjrhj mh fumg prjenhŨgb

ordvdk" Sj Fjmgbu. thojmg. svhoj oj ig tvrmdj mh bg vgruig u

Fjmgb sg zhnhehj zh kuċgbig.

ċho d mg`g d bgkjąbdl. mh fd sg dz bidl dzvuonj prdzbhbig" Bh thi bhċdb

+ fdj ig ufgĘgb Fj mgb +

bdigmhb vgŨth` dnd vgŨtd`h bgąg

ukhąd ohzbd"

vgstd`g d shk ig zhprhvj fdj vgŨth`. prd ċgku fd sumdig ojig dz

fdnj oje rhznjeh bg fd uspgng mh dzmgistvuiu dnd dzvrŨg skrtbu

ohzbu bhm jsuĘgbdk vgŨ`dkh d vgŨtd`hkh + kjrhng shkg mh

fumu pjeufnigbg"

Ohj sumdih. Żhb Fjmgb prgpjrumvhj ig mh sg vgŨ`d d

vgŨtd`g ŲdejŨu usdihbdk evjŲĘgk. prgk mh ku b dig fdnj fhŨ

pjthkhb ohm fd fdvhnd Ųdvd sphnigbd" Jb ig. bhdkg. skhtrhj mh

sphnidvhbig bh njkhċd prgvdŨg orhtoj trhig. pjŨtj fd zh igmvh

trdmgsgtho kdbuth svg fdnj ejtjvj" F jmgb ig. k gmutdk. ċuvhj

krhċbu thibu ojih eh ig kjenh umbdtd Ųrtvjk sjpstvgbjeh

dzukh" IjŨ jm 8715. bhdkg. ohmh ku ig fdnj 05 ejmdbh.

jpsgmhj eh ig igmhb mgkjb" Prgąjk. fdj ig tj mjfrjąumhbmgkjb. ojid fd eh nhoj mjmdrbuj pj mgsbjk ulu hoj

pjergŨbj pjstuph. dnd pho pj ngvjk uojndoj jb. mgkjb.

prj`gbd mh ig tj Ũtj Fjmgb rhmd + dsprhvbj" Prgąj k pj

Fjmgbh tg dbovdzd`dih bdohmh bdig pjou`hnh d bh bigejvh vrhth"

P W I G Q G V B D S H S H

Arhb`usoh ig. bhrhvbj. fdnh jkdnigbj stg`dŨtg dbovdzdtjrh

u vrgkg lhiog bh tgkpnhrg d ohthrg u ċgtrbhgstjk vgou"

Dbovdzdtjrd u ]unuzu d Bhrfjbd kjend su u svjidk bhstjihbidkhmh D

rhċubhiu bh pjmrŨou phph ohj Ũtjig

tj fdj Ijvhb \\DD. ojid ig dzmhj ċdthv

bdz funh pjmstdċuąd dbovdzd`diu mh

prdnigŲbdig prjejbd vgstd`g d mh fhvnigbig

vrhmŲfdbhkh trgtdrh ohj igrgs"

Srjejbd sg. kgmutdk. bdsu tu d zhusthvnihnd" Dbovdzdtjrd

u ]unuzu d Bhrfjbd kjend su u svjidk bhstjihbidkhmh

rhċubhiu bh pjmrŨou phph ohj Ũtj ig fdj Ijvhb \\DD. ojid

ig dzmhj mth v bdz phpsodl funh pjmstdċuąd dbovdzd`diu mh

prdnigŲbdig prjejbd vgstd`g. mh fhvnigbig vrhmŲfdbhkh

trgtdrh ohj igrgs. tg mh. u sonhmu s tdk. jsukbidċgbgd

jsumuig" Shph Ijvhb ig. dbhċg. fdj igmhb jm bhisuigvgrbdidl

pjbtdah" Qgrjvhj ig mh bigejvd bgprdihtgnid prdfgehvhiu

`rbji khedid bg fd nd ku mjŨnd enhvg. d thoj ig 8085" bhrgmdjmh svd sukbidvd fumu pjmvrebutd kuohkh ohoj fd prdzbhnd

svjig bhkgrg" ]rd ejmdbg ohsbdig. Ijvhb ig dbovdzdtjrh u

Ohrohsjbu. ojid sg bhnhzdj bh ohthrsoji zgknid. bhnjŲdjmh

prjejbd vgŨ`g. ċhrjfbihog d svg jsthng ojid pjouŨhvhiumh

prdzjvu muljvg dnd jm vjsoh prhvg adeurd`g bg fd nd dzhzvhnd

bgmiu fjngst dnd skrt" Wprhvj ohj pjsngmd`h tdl pjmstd`hih

Ijvhbh \\DD . zhoniuċbj sh 8073" ejmdbjk u ]unuzu d

Ohrohsjbu ulhpŨgbj ig joj 8"333 jsukbidċgbdl jsjfh. jm

ċgeh ig bidl Ũgst stjtdbh zhvrŨdnj bh njkhm"

Jvhovg hotdvbjstd. ohj d vgndoh rgvbjst ojih ig dzh bidl

sthihnh. bdsu igbihvhng bd u vrgkg Żhbh Fjmgbh. vdsg jm

mvh vgoh ohsbdig" Fjmgb ig ukrj 8741" ejmdbg. hnd ċhod

pjsng tjeh muej ig trhihj prjejb sukbidvdl nd`h. ohn`ju

ohtjndąodk. thoj d u prjtgsthbtsodk zgknihkh Gvrjpg"

Bh thohv rhzvji mjehmhih bdig prgsumbj utd`hnj bdtjŨtj

ig 8160 " ejmdbg phph Ereur u Qhtdohbu jfihvdj prjenhspjm

bhsnjvjk Jkbdpjtgbtds Mgd ,W snhvu Fjeh svgkjeuągeh$.

ojidk ig trgfhnj mh fumg sthvnigbh thċoh bh njv bh vgstd`g"

Ereur. rgajrkhtjr pj shkji svjiji bhrhvd. bhrgmdj igthmh mh sg shmdstdąoj ohŲbihvhbig ufnhŲd. hoj bg d shsvdk

jfusthvd. tg mh sg skrtbh ohzbh ufumuąg dzrdċg dsoniuċdvj

jbdkh ..zh ojig sg mjohŲg mh su uŨnd u phot sh mhvjnjk dmh

su. uz bigejvu pj kj ą. pj ċdbdnd ufdstvj&"



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 884

h Ijvhb \\DD. jvm g p r do hz hb u

vd . f dj i g bh ċg nu V dk j o h tj n d ċ o g

g pjċgtojk \ DQ vgo h . d sv j i d k

up`dkh dzhzdvhj jprgċbg

`d ig " Bigejvj phpsoj sgmdŨtg

d nj sg u Hvdb i jbu . bh i u e u

hŨb ig Arhbùsog . h bg u Qh t d ohbu "

Pdostjv pjouŨhi fdj ig. kgmutdk. orhtojeh mhlh" Orhni

Agrbhbmj Hrhejbsod upjrbj ig prdfgehvhj prdtds`dkh?

Pdost ku sg. dstdbh. bgoj vrgkg jpdrhj d pjsthvnihj dzvgsbg

usnjvg. mh fd bhpjsngtou. prg dstgoh 8=<0" ejmdbg. kjrhj

mh pjebg enhvu. p jvnhċgą d d usnjvg ojig ig pjsthvnihj d funu

ojiu ig prgtljmbg ejmdbg jfbhrjmjvhj"

Pdost ig ukrj vgą 8=<=" ejmdbg. h Agrbhbmj sg. sh

svjig strhbg. pjtrumdj mh phph ojid ig stuphj bh Pvgtu

stjndù. Dbjąg btdig QDDD. prhvjvrgkgbj mjf dig ,d rhzukg$

jmejvhrhiuąu pjruou" Dbjągbtdig sg vgą fdj mjohzhj

ohj zhejvjrbdo tvrmg ndbdig u jfrhċubu s igrgtd`dkh d

vgŨtd`hkh u Bgk hċoji. hnd Agrbhbmjvh Ųgnih fdnh ig mh

mgnjvhbiu dbovdzd`dig mh sjpstvgbd pgċht. h bg mh bgkj

Kbjej igvrgkgbh kjrhnj mh prjmg prg bgej Ũtj ąg jvh

pjruohmjprgtd mj njvh`h bh vgstd`g" Kjehj sg stgąd utdsho

mhsuprjejbd d fgzfrjibh sphnidvhbih bh njkhċhkh dkhnh

bgod sjpstvgbd. erjzjkjrbd Ųdvjt. ojigk ċho bd phpsod

bhnjzd bdsu kjend mh sthbu bh orhi" Hoj bdŨth mruej. fhrgk

sukgrdnh ordvd g sh shkdl vgŨth`h d vgŨtd`h prj Ũd rgbh bh

svjigvrsthbbjvd igrgtdċod sthngŲ. u ojigk sg bhŨnj kgsth d zh

jbg ojid prgmsohzuiu fumuąbjst. prdzdvhiu muljvg. fh`hiu

dbd d. bhiigzdvdig jm svdl. bh Ųdvg krtvh`g"

LHDOH W BGKHĎ OJI B G S J P W P ] H IG

Wprojs svgku tjkg. vgŨ`d d vgŨtd`g d mhnig su ċdbdn d vgądbu

rthvhsphnigbdl bh njkhċd dnd fhċgbdl u thkbdù" Bgkhċod

orhni Khosdkdndihb D s pjsgfbdk

hrjkprdjbuj ig bh njv bh vgstd gjŨtjig 8745" stupdj bh fhvhrsod

rgstj. d thoj sg d mjejmdnj mh

gzkhnj 6"333 vgŨtd h zhvrŨd bh

jkhmuvhrjŨd d Vdzngr. mh fd sg

tjthoj strhŨbd pjerjkd bgmuej

htdkpjbjvdnd d u Huezfureu d

rhizdbeu" Wbgkhąoji mrŲhvd

Lhkfure. Ũgst stjtdbh vgŨtd h

rjeuthj ig pnhkgb u vrgkgbsojk

spjbujm igmbg mg gbdig.honiuċbj sh 8110" ejmdbjk" Bidl

o433 strhmhnj ig u dstjk pgrdjmu

jfndŲbigkerhmdąu Qdr`fureu. emg

upjfdigbd ċho d mgċh d uzrhsth jm

d 86 ejmdbh"

DzvgŨthid j shmdstdċojk

vnihvhbiu dbovdzdtjrh u

hbdid ,prg bgej Ũtj ig ]jkhs

]jrovgkhmh pjsthj vgndod

ovdzdtjr$ bhvgnd su phpu Pdosth

sg prgmjkdsnd u vgzd sh shkdk

stjihbigkdbovdzd`dig" Ejmdbg

<6" jb ig dzmhj phpsou funu

jkig d zvhbdċbj sthvnigbh thċoh

pjstjihbig dbovdzd`dig u ţphbdid"



863 SHSG D QGţ]D@G

ţ S H B P O H D B O Q D Y D @ D I H

Yh vrgkg Ũphbsog dbovdzd`dig. ojih ig bh dstjrdisou

pjzjrbd`u stupdnh sh dzvgsbdk zhohŨbigbigk. tgo 8=5<"ejmdbg. khsjvbj sphnidvhbig igrgtdoh u jznjenhŨgbjk ċdbu

vgrg ,hutjmhag$ pjsthnj ig rhzjbjmh zh Ũdrjog bhrjmbg

khsg. svg zhigmbj s kdsjk. svgċhbdk prj`gsdihkh. uzh

shv sihi d rhsojŨ `rovgbdl d svgtjvbdl vnhstd. h u prdsustvu

vdsg stjtdbh. ohtohm d ldnihmh engmhnh`h" Ďgnbd`dkh Ũphbsog

dbovdzd`dig pjsnjvdċbj ig dkpjbjvhnj mh sg joupd kbjej

svgth" Sj bidljvji prj`gbd. bdŨth ohj hutjmhag bdig kjenj

thoj mh ushmd strhl jm Fjeh d uŲhs jm bgċhstdvjeh u muŨg

vgrbdoh" Yh rhzndou jm svjig prgtgċg. phpsog dbovdzd`dig.

jvh Ũphbsoh bdig mgnjvhnh pjm jordnigk vhtdohbsoje

pjbtdah. vgą u shenhsiu s vjnijk orhnih Agrbhbmh d orhnid`g

Dzhfgng. vnhmhrsoje phrh Pphbdig" ]j ig mjŨnj mj pubje

dzrhŲhih ohm ig orhni Agrbhbmj u`gbdj phpu Pdosth DQ mh

Bh jvjk p nh tbu Arhbs dsoh Vd` d ih ,813<+81<7$ pr dohzhbj

i g s p hn i dv hb ig ig r g t d o h u s vgċ hb j k ċ db u vgr g ,hutjmhag$ bh

khmrdmsojk e nhvbjk treu ,S nhzh khijr$ . u pr dsus tvu orh n ih

Ohrnh D D jm ţphbd ig . o rh igk \QDD vgoh"

ąg ku. u mhbdkh ohm su kusndkhbsod zhvjigvhm ]ur`d

jzf dnibj prgtdnd Vdku. usorhtdtd vjibu pjkją uojndoj ku

phph zhuzvrht bg mjzvjnd mh stvjrd shkjsthnbu dbovdzd`diu

bh Ũphbsojk tnu"

Jvhi dzbumgbd mjejvjr uzmrkhj ig muljvbu kjm d

dbtgerdtgt phpstvh. d Pdost bdohmh b dig kjehj mh sg pjkdrd

sh ustupojk ojid ig kjrhj mh uċdbd. bhrjmtj ohm ig

svdkh pjsthnj ihsbj mh kgtjmhkh ojig ojrdstg Ũphbsod

dbovdzdtjrd bgkh rhvbdl ċho bd u mjthmhŨbigk dstjrdihtu

dbovdzdtjrsodl mdvnihŨthvh"



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 868

ur \Q. dzhfrhb 8168. muŲbjst pjbtdah j fhvn ihj ig s hk j m vg e jm dbg d zh tj vr gk g dzm hj pjs ngmb id. zbht bj k dnj stdv d i d php so d m gor gt prj tdv

td`h d ċhrjfbihoh" Fdj ig tj Jkbdpjtgbtd s Mgd. jm 63" khrth 8160"



866 SHSG D QGţ]D@G

]JKHP MG ]JVOQGK HMH . DKG OJIG WNDQH P]VHL

ţphbsod dbovdzdtjrd dspjnihvhnd su mjthm bgsnuągbu d bgvdmgbu

bgċjvgċbjst u prdkgbd tjrturg d zhstrhŨdvhbih" W shkjk

srgmdŨtu tje erjtnh strhvg bhnhzdj sg ]jkhs mg ]jrovgkhmh.

egbgrhnbd ,vgndod$ dbovdzdtjr zh pjmruċig ţphbdig" ]jrovgkhmh.

rjmgb 8=63" ejmdbg. fdj ig jsvgmjċgbd shmdsth ċdig ig dkg d mhb+

+mhbhs sdbjbdk zh svdrgpjst d zherdŲgbjst. dhoj ig jm bigejvg

skrtd prjŨnj vgą vdŨg jm pjnh kdngbdiukh" ]jrovgkhmh ig

fdj sprgkhb mh prdfgebg fdnj ojigk srgmstvu. kh ohoj jbj

jorutbj dnd bgċhsbj fdnj. shkj mh jstvhrd `dni ojid ig zh`rthj9

mh dsojrgbd igrgs d rhzjtordig nhŲbg prgjfrhągbdog ,`jbvgrsjs$.

Igvrgig d kusndkhbg ojid su. tjfjŲg. prgŨnd u lrdŨąhbsou vgru.

shkj zhtj mh fd dzfgend prjejb"

]jrovgkhmh ig sphnidvhj igvrgisog d kusndkhbsog obideg. hdsthohj sg d ohj igmhb jm bhivhŲbdidl prdsthnd`h tzv" Mgorgth dz

Hnlhkfrg. orhnigvsog jfihvg ojijk ig zvhbdċbj prjenhŨgbj

khsjvbj prjtgrdvhbig Igvrgih dz Pphbdig 8=46" ejmdbg" H

jpgt. drjbdijk sumfdbg. d shk ]jrovgkhmh fdj ig igvrgisoje

Egbgrhnbd ,vgn do d$ dbovdz dtjr zh pjmruċig ţphbdig. ]jkhs mg

]jrovgkhmh. u mruŨ tvu Ũphbsoje v nhmhrsoje phrh. o rh n ih

Agrbhbmh d o rh n i d`g Dzhfg ng "

pjrgonh9 bigejvh fhfh ig. svjigvrgkgbj. dz igvrgisog prgŨnh

u lrdŨąhbsou vgru. s tdk Ũtj ig u ]jrovgkhmdbji pjrjmdċbji

dstjrdid pjstjihj ijŨ igmhb thohv. d tj sthrdid snuċhi" Fdnj ohoj

fdnj. knhmd ]jrovgkhmh fgspjejvjrbj ig krzgj d Igvrgig

d iumhdzhk. d ċdbdj ig svg Ũtj ig u bigejvji kjm ohoj fd sg

igmbjk zhsvhemh jerhmdj jm bgprdonhmbdl prgmhoh"

Ohj knhmdą. ]jrovgkhmh ig prdstupdj mjkdbdohbsojk

kjbhŨojk rgmu. emg ig ufrzj mjŨhj bh enhs ohj pjfjŲhb

d rgvbjsthb hsogth" Khnj sg zbh j bigejvjk Ųdvjtu mj

ċhsh ohmh ig. u svjiji 7=" ejmdbd ,8=5=$. prguzgj muŲbjststhrgŨdbg K hbhstdrh Phbth oruz ,Pvgtje orsth$ u Pgejvdid. bh

sgvgru Pphbdig" Bgmuej zhtdk. dkgbjvhb ig zh dspjvgmbdoh

thmh knhmhbg orhnid`g Dzhfgng Ohstdnisog. mh fd bhpjsngtou

pjsthj shvgtbdo d shkg orhnid`g d bigbje suprueh. orhnih



SHSG D QGţ]D@G 860

AgrbhbmhjmHrhejbh" Orhnigvsod phr fdj ig u tji kgrd

jpċdbigb]jrovgkhmjkmhsu eh 8=<0" pjsthvdnd zh

egbgrhnbje,vgndoje$ dbovdzdtjrh Ũphbsog dbovdzd`dig"

]jrovgkhmh ig fdj jndċgbig tgkgnibjstd" Sj bigejvjk

bhnjeu. svhod lrdŨąhbdb bh tnu ţphbdig. uoniuċuiuąd d

mgvjiċd g sthrdig jm 86 d mgċhog sthrdig jm 8= ejmdbh. kjrhj

g mhpjnhŲg rhċubg dbovdzd did. ohoj fd sg rgmjvbj utvrmdvhnh

ądstjthbidljvg vgrg" YhŨtdągbd hbjbdkbjŨąu. niumd su

pjmstd hbd mh jmhiu ojkŨdig. niumg s ojidkh rhmg. ph ċho d

vjiurjmfdbu d ċnhbjvg bhiuŲg pjrjmd g. uojndoj fd shkj

pjsukbihnd mh su sg jvd jmhnd igrgsd"

ErgŨbdog su ċgohng ohzbg9 jm bjvċhbg ohzbg. prgoj

hkbd g. kuċgbih. mj sphnidvhbih bh njkhm. dnd pho svg

bhvgmgbjpj rgmu. igmbj pj igmbj" Ohm fd sg mjŨnj mjbhistrjŲg ohzbg. njkhąg d fuotdbig. ]jrovgkhmh fd Ųrtvhkh

bumdjdzfjr9 uojndoj pjniufg rhspgąg. kjend su sgfd mh

nhoŨhiukuog thoj Ũtj fd dl kumtgnid prvj umhvdnd. h zhphndnd

d dltgopjŨtj dzmhlbu? jbhi pho oj fd sg pjohihj zh bhvjmbj

jądbigbh bgmgnh fdj fd pjkdnjvhb frzjk skrąu. thoj Ũtj

kubh njkhċu bhfh`hnd suvg phbigvg ojid frzj ejrg? jbd.

kgmutdk. ojid fd. d sujċgbd sh skrąu u strhŨbdk kuohkh. d

hnigtvrmdnd mh su bgvdbd. dnd pjvnhmnd prdzbhbih ojih su dz bidl

hsdnudzvuċgbh + ukdrhnd su ijŨ muŲg. bh tdlji vhtrd. pjŨtj fd

jmbidkh zhphndnd knhmj mrvj. ijŨ pubj sjojvh"

]jkhsmg]jrovgkhmh jfhvnihj ig muŲbjst egbgrhnbje

ovdzdtjrhmgvgtejmdbh. svg mj 8=46. ohmh su d pjsngmbid

vrgid dkusndkhbd Khvrd prjebhbd dz ţphbdig" ]dkg ig

skhtrhjig jb+ fdj jojbċhb bigejv zhmhtho. d thmh sg

jrovgkhmh pjvuohj u Khbhstdr Pvgtje ]jkg u Hvdnd"

gtljmbjig. ohj bgukgrgbj joruthb ahbhtdo. vgą dzerhmdj

strhŨuiuąurgputh diu.ph su eh sg zhtj Ũdrjk ţphbdig d

jihnd d ebuŨhnd ehsg" KrŲbih ig. ŨthvdŨg. fdnh thoj sdnjvdth

ig]jrovgkhmh.jsgąhium sg bgsdeurbdk. jmfdj mhutuig fdnjoumh fgzprhtbig jm 73 strhŲhrh bh ojbidkh d 3vjibdohpjmjruŲigk" @vrstj ufgmgb mh bigejvd frjibd

prdihtgnidshkjċgohiu prdndou mh eh jtruiu. ]jrovgkhmh

vgoprd ru d. zhtrpgzjk. emg ejm fd eh vrgkg jfgmu

gonj + mrŲhjfjm`u s prjtdvjtrjvjk. prhljk jm

bjrjejvjerjeh" Jvg kgrg prgmjstrjŲbjstd. dspjsthvdąg

phobdsufdngbgjpljmbg. fumum mh ig ]jrovgkhmh

krjprdrjmbjkskrąu. 8=4<. u 5<" ejmdbd"

Muejvgċbh ig. kgmutdk. fdnh d jsthnh jkrhŲgbjst ojiu ig

zh Ųdvjth dzhzdvhj. ph su thoj ngth 8<06. mhong vdsg jm 003mdbh pjsng bigejvg skrtd. h mvg ejmdbg prg bgej Ũtj ig

hbsoh dbovdzd`dih ojbhċbj uodbuth. sorbhvdtgnid prjvhndnd u

rovgkhmdbu erjfbd`u. dzvhmdnd bigejvg kjŨtd d sphndnd dl"

snuŨh bhrgmgbih dz Vdkh" Ohm ig phph Dbjągbtdig pjpustdj

pjm prdtdsojk. bh s`gbu ig stupdnh Ũphbsoh dbovdzd`dih.

ojih ąg pjnig mgnjvhbih ohsbdig prjŨdrdtd d bh uonhbihbig

nhŲbdl prgjfrhągbdoh ,`jbvgrsgs$ d jsthndl igrgtdoh ojid su

sh gvrjpsoje tnh prgfgend u Kgosdoj. Sgru d mrueg Ũphbsog

ojnjbdig u Hkgrd`d"

D thoj ig prjŨnj ijŨ pubdl 073 ejmdbh prg bgej Ũtj

ig . Orhnigvsoj k urgmfjk dz 8<0= " ejmdbg. ojbhċbj

uodbuth Ũphbsoh dbovdzd`dih" H prg tjeh ig ijŨ 87 bhrhŨthih

dbovdzdtjrh vjmdnj bgodl 873"333 spjrjvh prjtdv igrgtdoh"

Phkj u rhzmjfniu jm 8713" mj 8533" ejmdbg. joj 7"333

sumgbih jojbċhbj ig skrtbjk prgsumjk d pjeufnigbigk

jptuŲgbdl" Yhpdsbd`d sh suĘgbih jsoumbd su d bgpjtpubd. d

pjordvhiu shkj jmrgmgbg pgrdjmg. thoj mh ojbhċhb frji

Ųrthvh kjŲmh bdohmh d bgąg fdtd jfgnjmhbigb"

SJENGM W SVJţNJP]Wċgbd niumd skhtrhiu mh ig. svg uoupbj. bgemg dzkgmu

=3"3 33 d 833"333 kuŨohrh`h. Ųgbh d mg`g + mh sg d bg

pjkdbiu ldnihmg `rbdl k hċhoh d rhzbdl phsh + kuċgbj

d pjfdigbj u tdl pgt vgojvh d bgŨtj vdsg. ohmh sg Gvrjph

trgsnh u strhlu jm bgċhstdvje d bigejvdl bgmgnh. h phpg

d dbovdzdtjrd dzehrhnd bg fd nd dzfhvdnd lrdŨąhbsou vgru dz

Yhoniuċbj sh 8<0=" ejmdbjk. vdsg

jm 87 bhrhŨthih dbovdzdtjrh vjmdnj ig

bgodl 873"333 spjrjvh prjtdv igrgtdoh"

Phkj u rhzmjfniu jm 8713" mj 8533"

ejmdbg. joj 7"333 sumgbih jojbċhbj

ig skrtbjk prgsumjk d pjeufnigbigk

jptuŲgbdl"

mhvjnige znje stdsoh" Ptj sg tdċg sumgbih vgŨtd`hkh Ũdrjk

Gvrjpg. zbh sg mh ig bgodl 86"333 jojbċhbj pjeufnigbidkh"

Muej pjŨtj sg Gvrjph ojbhċbj dsojfgnihnh dz tg uŲhsbg

gthpg u svjk rhzvjiu. dstjrdċhrd. bhuċbd`d d psdldihtrd

jsvrbund su sg bh thi erjzhb pgrdjm u dstjrdid ojbtdbgbth

d shengmhnd svu vgndċdbu jfkhbg ojih ig thmh vnhmhnh" Njv

bh vgŨtd`g. s kuċgbidkh d dzbumgbdk prdzbhbidkh. jsthig

ohj vdŨgvgojvbd ojŨkhr bhsthj ohj pnjm strhlh. bgzbhbih.zherdŲgbjstd. pjtdsbutg sgosuhnbjstd d bgjfuzmhbg ldstgrdig"

Muej ig Gvrjph bjsdnh pjbdŲhvhiuąd. srhkhb Ųde tje

pjenhvnih u svjiji dstjrdid"



SHSG

FJVMŻDIG

Qnhst u rgbgshbsbdk erhmjvdkh+mrŲhvhkh Dthndig ċgstj ig fdnh bgoh vrsth

pjrjmdċbje pjsnh" H pjrjmd`g j ojidkh ig rgċ fdng su zhdsth kj`bg" Ďnhbjvd

pjrjmd`h Qdsojbtd d Pajr`h u Kdnhbu. Kgmdċd u Adrgb`d. Gstg u Agrhrd. Fjohbgerh

u ēgbjvd dnd Fhrfgrdbd. Jrsdbd d Vjvgrg + dkhnd su bgog dnd. ċgŨąg. svg jsjfdbg

ohrhotgrdstd ċbg zh thi sji niumd"

dnbj suŲumgnd zh fjehtstvjk d mruŨtvgbdk sthtusjk.

d bdsukjend mh jmjng prdnd`d mh d svjiu Ũdru rjmfdbu

pjċhstg zvuċbdktdtunhkh d rhsojŨbdk bhċdbjk Ųdvjth

uz thovhzvhbih dmg" Qnhst su bgrgtoj jfgzfgmdvhnd bhsdnigk.

vdkh. kdtjkdbgkdnjsrmbdk pjstup`dkh. d pj tjk g sg

upjrgmdtd igmdbjsh ċuvgbdk dthndihbsodk pjrjmd`hkh ojig

ojvdkhohsbdigvjmdng jrehbdzjvhbd ordkdbhn"

hivgąhkją. bhrhvbj. prdphmhnh ig phphkh. ojid su dkhnd

jrtrgt ,dgvj$ phpg Hngo shbm rh QD. b goh mh Vj mr de h Fj rm Ųdig .

hj ig Luhb mg Luhbgs ,8733 +8 75 4$ . ċ gst j bh zdv hb ‒ Ũ ph b so dk

gnjk&" Hngoshbmhr ig vgrjvhtbj bhivdŨg jspjrhvhb phph ojid ig

stjnjvhj u Qhtdohbu. h bh njŨgk enhsu ig d mhb+mhbhs"

bgdzkgrhb utd`hi ohoj bh vgrsod. thoj d bh svgtjvbd Ųdvjt

ohtjndċog Gvrjpg" Frjibg fjehtg d zbhkgbdtg pjrjmd`g. kgmu

ojidkh d Kgmd`d. Fhrfgrdbd. J rsdbd d ċnhbjvd pjrjmd`g Vjvgrg

rgerutjvhng su phpg dz vnhstdtdl rgmjvh. hnd bhipjzbhtdig su

svhohoj fdng FjrmŲdig" Srvd jm uoupbj mvjid`g phph dz mjkh

FjrmŲdih fdj ig vrgk gŨbd Ohndst DDD. bgohmhŨbid Hnjbsj mg

Fjrlh. oj id ig bh muŲbjst dzhfrhb 8=77" ejmdbg"

Qgą jm shkjeh pjċgtoh vdmgnj sg mh ąg ojm Ohndsth DDD

`hrgvhtd bgpjtdzhk" Jmkhl ig u vhtdohbsou hmk dbdstrh`diu

pjċgj mh uvjmd rjmhog ojidkh ig mjmgnidvhj mjfrj pnhągbg

pjnjŲhig u `rovgbji ldigrhrldid"

Mvjid`h bigejvdl sgstrdąh + igmhb jm bidl fdj ig Vjmrdej.

pubdk dkgbjk Vjmrdej mg Nhbzjn. ojid ąg pjtjk uzgtd



861 FJVMŻDIG

WPSJB SVQJE SHSG FJVMŻDIG

Sjrjmd`h Fjrlh ,ohoj sg jvj prgzdkg dzvjrbj dzejvhrh.

dthn FjrĘh$ pjtdċg dz ]jrg mg Ohbhnsh. ojid sg bhnhzd bh

jfrjb`dkh pnhbdbh iuŲbj jm erhmh Qhngbsdig. u Orhnigvdbd

Hrhejb" Fjrlg su pjsthnd vgngpjsgmbd`d ohm dk ig mjmgnigbh

zgknih ohj bherhmh zh snuŲfu u rhtu prjtdv kusndkhbh

Khvhrh. ojid su vnhmhnd Sdrdbgisodk pjnujstrvjk ijŨ jm

jskje vgoh bjvg grg" Fjrlg su. u suŨtdbd. fdnd pustjnjvd d

jpjrtubdstd. ċdig su hkfd`dig zbhtbj bhmrhsthng bdzho sthtus"

Dzmhbho ahkdndig ojid ąg jvg hkfd`dig sprjvgstd u mgnj fdj ig

Hnjbsj mg Fjrlh"

VjĘgb 805<" ejmdbg. Hnjbsj ig fdj jmndċhb uċgbdo. ddkhj ig shkj 8= ejmdbh ohm sg updshj bh Wbdvgrzdtgt u

Ngrdmd" Yvhbig ubdvgrzdtgtsoje bhsthvbdoh stgohj ig ijŨ

ohj ejnjfrhmd knhmdą. h bgŨtj ohsbdig stupdj ig u snuŲfu

hrhejbsoje orhnih Hnajbsh Q. ohj mdpnjkhth d shvgtbdo"

Bhivgąd uspgl Fjrlh ig pjstdehj uspgvŨd mh pjkdrd

suojfnigbg strhbg u thojzvhbji Qgndoji zhphmbji Ũdzkd.

u pgrdjmu ohmh su sg phpg sth`djbdrhbg u Hvdbijbu ,iue

mhbhŨbig Arhb`usog$ suprjtsthvnihng phphkh ojid su zhmrŲhnd

sgmdŨtg u Vdku" Hnjbsj mg Fjrlh prdfgehvhj ig svjigvrsbji

kgŨhvdbd jfgąhbih. ndċbje Ũhrkh d prgtbid ohoj fd phpdbje

suphrbdoh. hbtdphpu Ongkgbth QDDD. bhvgj mh dpho jmusthbgjm svjidl prgtgbzdih d prdzbh Khrtdbh Q. phpu rdksoje.ohj

prhvje pjbtdah" Yhlvhnbd phph Khrtdb zhuzvrht ig pjsthvdj ?

Hnjbsh mg Fjrlu bh prgstdŲbj kgstj vhngbsdihbsoje

fdsouph"

Ejmdbg 8===" Fjrlh ig pjsthj ohrmdbhn" ţgzmgsgtŨgst

ejmdbh. ojndoj ig u tjk trgbutou dkhj. Ųdvgj ig zh prdkgr.

jmhb strjeji pjfjŲbjstd d vrndbd" ]hohv bhċdb Ųdvjth fdj

ig u jŨtrji suprjtbjstd s kbjedk bigejvdk ojngehkh

ohrmdbhndkh. ojid su sg rhmdig prgmhvhnd jvjzgkhnisodk

uŲdvhbidkh d rhsojŨd. svg sh svjidk bhnjŲbd`hkh dvhbfrhċbdk pjtjkstvjk" Shph Bdojnh Q prgkdbuj ig 8=77.

ejmdbg. d mjŨnj ig vrgkg mh sg fdrh bhsngmbdo" Ohrmdbhn Fjrlh

u tjk trgbutou fdj ig orlod 55+ejmdŨbid sthrh`. dzku`gb

ojstjfjnijk ojid ig vgądbu vrgkgbh prjvjmdj ngŲgądu

pjstgnid" Bdig stjeh bgrhzuknidvj zfje ċgeh Fjrlh. ohmsusg

ohrmdbhnd shsthnd bh ojbonhvd mh fdrhiu bjvje phpu. bdig bd

uzgt u jfzdr ohj kjeuąd ohbmdmht" Mjejmdnj sg. kgmutdk.

mh bh dkgbh mvjid`g pjtgb`dihnbdl pjbtdah. ojid su sg bh

dzfjrdkh fjrdnd zh prdkht. phmbg niheh. fumuąd mh su fdnd

prgmsthvbd`d kgmusjfbj suprjtsthvnigbdl ahkdndih Ojnjbh d

Jrsdbd" Bgoj vrgkg sthihnj sg thoj bh krtvji thċod. h jbmh ig

ojbonhvh fdnh prdkjrhbh mh pjtrhŲd trgąge ohbmdmhth"

Igmdbh kjeuąh hntgrbhtdvh fdj ig ohrmdbhn Fjrlh. igr shkj

ig jb fdj ċjvgo bgjorbigbje uengmh. h prdtjk bdig mjvjmgb

u vgzu sh dbtgrgsdkh fdnj ojig kjąbg pjrjmd`g" Dstdbhig.

pjvrl tjeh. fdnh mh ig jb d vgjkh sthr d snhfd su fdnd dzengmd mh

ąg muej pjŲdvgtd. h bigejv orjtho. fnhe ohrhotgr jfgąhvhj ig

svdkh zhdbtgrgsjvhbdkh mh ąg. fdrhium bigeh. dzhfrhtd phpus

ojidk ąg k jm mh rhmg Ũth ljąg"Yhnum( Pvd ojid su thoj kdsndnd. ermbj su sg prgvhrdnd" Shph

Ohndst DDD ,pjm tdk dkgbjk jsthąg uphkągb mjthmhŨbid

ohrmdbhn Fjrlh$ stjnjvhj ig svgeh trd ejmdbg" Yh tj vrgkg jb

ig. kgmutdk. uspgj mh uspjsthvd mjkdbh`diu ouąg FjrmŲdihu

shkjk vrlu Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg. prdprgkdvŨd bh thi bhċdb

tgrgb zh svje sgstrdąh. Vjmrdeh. ojid sg. pjmkdąuiuąd svhojeh

ojeh ig kjehj. ejmdbg 8=46" mjkjehj prgstjnh svgtje Sgtrh"

Sjm dkgbjk Hngoshbmhr QD. d Vjmrdej ig jsthj uphkągb

ohj igmhb jm bhijznjenhŨgbdidl pjbtdah svdl vrgkgbh"

Bh jvji snd`d prdohzhb ig Gbgih Pdnvdj Sdojnjkdbd. pjtjbid phph

Sdig DD. u trgbutou ohm eh. 8=71" ejmdbg. Ohndst DDD prjenhŨhvhzh

oh rm dbh nh "



FJVMŻDIG 865

kgFjrmŲdih + pjsthnd su ohrmdbhnd 8=71" ejmdbg" ]hoj

sthobuthkgsth jfdċbj su zhuzdkhnd niumd u zrgndk. ph d

pjjmkhondkejmdbhkh. hnd jvh mvjid`h ijŨ bg fglu bhvrŨdnh

bd trdmgsgtu. Ũtj ig u dstd khl d uzbgkdrhvhnj d ċumdnj ċnhbjvg

Jmshkje pjċgtoh vdmgnj sg mh ąg ojm

Ohndsth DDD vnhmhtd bgpjtdzhk" dhl

ig uvhtdohbsou hmkdbdstrh`diu pjċgj

mhmjvjmd svjig rjĘhog. ojidkh ig

mjmgnidvhj mjfrj pnhągbg pjnjŲhig u

`rovgbji ldigrhrldid"

hrmdbhnsojeojngediukh" Jbd su prdsthnd bh dkgbjvhbig

hpdbdlbgąhoh pjmvhrnidvjk prgtpjsthvojk mh ąg vrgkgŨbd

hndstufrzjjtdąd bhjbhi svgt. prg bgej Ũtj mvjid`h ohrmdbhnh

spgiumhpustgojrgbg bh vdsjodk pjnjŲhidkh" Ohndst ig.

kgmutdk. fhŨ ohj udbht. pjŲdvgj tjndoj muej mh Vjmrdeh

jsthvdzhpjtohb gnhrh@rovg ,8=75$. uċdbdvŨd eh thoj

uedkpjzbhċhiuvgndojmjstjibdojk. jmkhl mj shkje

pg"Vjmrdeusg thmh. pjrgm jsthnje. uohzhnh kjeuąbjst mh

obgzhkhŨbj fjehtstvj"Mruedphpdbbgąho. Vjmrdejv frht d Ohndstjv kdnigbdo

mrjNuds. prjenhŨgb ig zh vrljvbje zhpjvgmbdoh ,ohpgthb+

gbgrhnh$ @rovg. zhmuŲgbje zh ojkhbmjvhbig phpsodk

uŲhbdksbhehkh" Sgmrj Nuds ig. thojĘg. dkgbjvhb zh

fgrbhtjrh 86 erhmjvh" Fdj ig tj bhrjċdtj kjąhb pjnjŲhi.

sutd erhmjvdmjkdbdrhnd vhŲbdk upjrdŨtdkh u ]jso hbd

hpsodkmrŲhvhkh. mgnu srgmdŨbig Dthndig ojid ig fdj pjm

rhvjkpjbtdah"

HNDP] ]VHŻD OVP]HţOD VH]ndst ig dzhzvhj prgbgrhŲgbjst d ohmh ig usvjidj pnhb zh

hbsdrhbig orsthŨoje pjljmh s `dnigk mh jsnjfjmd @hrderhm

uou ]urhoh Jskhbndih. ojid su prgstjbd`u Qdzhbtdisoje

stvh zhuzgnd 8=70" ejmdbg + h thovu s dtuh`diu bg fd trpgj

gmhb phph ojid mrŲd mj shkjpjŨtjvhbih" Jskhbndig su

kulhkgmhbsog vgrg. h @hrderhm. sthrd Ojb sthbtdbjpj ni.

vhŲbdid lrdŨąhbsod erhm pjsng Vdkh. d phph bdig kjehj tgo

j mh eh prgpustd bgvgrbd`dkh" Kbjed su skhtrhnd mh ig

thŨod pjljm bhisoupnid pjmulvht ojid sg u tjk trgbutou

Ųg prgmuzgtd. d stjeh ig Ohndst. ohoj fd pjmkdrdj trjŨojvgjvhbih. prjmhj svg Ũtj ku sg bhŨnj prd ru`d. uoniuċuiuąd

tj d srgfrj. ukgtbdċoh mgnh. soupj`gbg obideg. ubjsbh

bih. ph d thpdig bh pjigmdbg mgnjvg phpsodl tgrdtjrdih" W

mhid su sg. thoj. bhŨng d dbmunegb`dig + ohtjnd` d su. bhdkg.


D B M W N E G B @ D I G

Dbmunegb`dih ig fdnh mgndkdċhb dnd pjtpub jprjst ergljvh.

ojid ig mgnigb ohj rhzrgŨgbig jm vgċbje dsphŨthbih u phonu

zfje skrtbdl ergljvh pjċdbigbdl zh Ųdvjth" QhŲhb usnjv fdj

ig mh ergl prvj kjrh mh jp rjst d @ro vh" ]j ig zbhċ dnj mh ig

dbmunegb`dih kjenh mh sg mhig dsoniuċdvj pjŨtj fd ergŨbdo

dspjvgmdj svjih bgmgnh d prdkdj rhzrgŨgbig ,jprjŨthi$"

Qrgkgbjk ig. bhŲhnjst. mjŨnj mj znjupjtrgfg jvje sdstgkh.

d dbmunegb`dih ig pjsthnh bhċdb mh sg ergŨbdo zh jmrgmgbu

bjvċhbu bhmjobhmu sphsg ohzbg ojih fd ku sngmjvhnh zh

jbj Ũtj ig uċdbdj" Ohmh sg bgkhċod svgŨtgbdo d fjejsnjv

Khrtdb Nutgr 8785" ejmdbg pjfubdj prjtdv jvhovg `rovgbg

pjndtdog ,th pjfubh prgtljmdnh ig stvhrhbiu Srjtgsthbtsog

`rovg$. dbmunegb`dih sg bhŨnh bh umhru ohj bhiejrh u bdzu

znjupjtrgfh ojidkh su prdfgehvhnd rdkjohtjndċod svgŨtgbd`d"

""" Ohndst ig prjmhj svg Ũtj ku sg bhŨnj

prd ru`d. unmiuċuiuąd d znhtj d srgfrj.

ukgtbdċoh mgnh. soupj`gbg obideg.

ubjsbh rhmbh kgsth. ph d thpdig bh

phpsog tgrdtjrdig"

kjend mh pnhtg jmrgĘgbg bjvċhbg dzbjsg mh fd dk. zhuzvrht.

bh mruejk svgtu fdnd jprjŨtgbd ergsd pjċdbigbd zh Ųdvjth"

Bdig. kgmutdk. fdnj bdohovg vhimg jm vgndog phpsog

rhsprjmhig" QhŲbd vnhmhrd lrdŨąhbsog Gvrjpg. ohj Ũtj su

orhnigvd Arhb`usog d Bgkhċog. bdsu fdnd zhdbtgrgsjvhbd zh ijŨ

igmh b svgtd rht" Ohm su jmfdnd mh pjŨhniu phpd jruŲig d vjisouzh orsthŨod pjljm. fdj ig tj orhi" Yfje tjeh bd @hrderhm

bdohmh bdig vrhągb u jordnig lrdŨąhbsoje svgth" Bg trgfh.

stjeh. mh ċumd bd tj Ũtj ig phph Ohndst DDD pjsthj dzrhzdtj

bgjkdnigbh ndċbjst u Vdku" Pdtuh`dih ig fdnh u tji kgrd

jzfdnibh mh su sg. pjsng bigejvg skrtd 8=7<" ejmdbg. Ũphbsod

vjibd zhpjvgmbd`d d `dvdnbd ċdbjvbd`d ojig ig mjvgj u Qhtdohb

jsgtdnd jzfdnibj uerjŲgbdk. ph su u phbd`d bhpustdnd Vdk"

ĎGOHIWāD SHSPOW OVWBW

Vjmrdej FjrmŲdih kjrhj ig mh ċgoh pubg 0= ejmdbg + zhtj vrgkg dzrgĘhng su sg ijŨ ċgtdrd phpg + prg bgej Ũtj ig

stdehj bhmjkho prgstjnh sv" Sgtrh" ]hmh ig dkhj 18 ejmdbu.

d bdig vdsg fdj bhjċdt d vdtho ohj u knhmdk mhbdkh" Jbj Ũtj

ig shċuvhj fdnj ig. kgmutdk. kbjej vhŲbdig" Shph Sdig DD.



86< FJVMŻDIG



FJVMŻDIG 864

hndst DDD. jvmg prgmsthvnigb ohj ohrmdbhn. sthihj ig dzh phpsog

ungojijk ig Sjrtuehn`dkh jmjfrgbj mh zhpjċbu prgojhtnhbtsou

jvdbu rjfnigk"

dkh u dzjfdniu""" Mh d bgpjkdbigk fgzfrjibg orgvgtsog zhvgsg. jprgku zh ojbig""" dnd vgndċhbstvgbu ehrmgrjfu. ohj d jerjkbg ojndċdbg znhtbdoh ojig jb pjsgmuig"

hsngmbdoVjmrdejvje uihoh Ohndsth. upjzjrdj ig Vjmrdeh.Ũmjoigfdj knhmdą. mh ig bigejvh sonjbjst mh prdsustvuig

edihkh ‒bgprdonhmbh&. d sorgbuj ku phŲbiu bh tj mh fd j

Pnhfdsu dzengmd fdnd mh ąg ąjvgo pjput

Vjmrdeh dąd svgthċodk put g888 oho

mjndouig igmbjk php

jċdkh. phpstvj ig fdnj ubjshb pjshj

ojid trgfh stj fjnig dzjstvhrd Ũtj vgąh o> 2rdst

jiji ċhstd trgfhnjmh pjvgmg rhċubh ..s vdsg rhzfjrdtjstd&"

phig. prjstj. eufdj vrgkg9 prjŨnj ig. bhdkg. pubdl =3

mdbh. hbdŨth sgbdig prjkgbdnj" Vjmrdej ig d mhnig. ohj d

knhmjstd. fdjrhmsvhojvrsbjk rhzvrhtu. ojid ig shmh. zh

jkgbu. guagkdstdċod bhzdvhb ‒vrtbdk zhfhvhkh„" Dzrjmdj

jskjrjmgg shsvjig trd dnd ċgtdrd niufhvbd`g + pjs ngmbigmjŨnj bhsvgt ohmh ig bigku fdnh 18 ejmdbh + prd ċgku ig

gkhjpdsu igmbje pjzbhbdoh. d mhnig fdj ‒sbhŲbg erhmg.

uŨtvgb& d uz tj‒dzvhbrgmbj vgŨt s bjv`gk„" D zhdsth.

sgbiuiuąg ig fdnj fjehtstvj ojig ku ig th ‒dzvhbrgmbh

Ũtdbh&mjbgnhd prgbgej Ũtj ig pjsthj phph d zh vrgkg

btdadohth" Igmhbjm bigejvdl shvrgkgbdoh zhfgngŲdj ig

ku."

"""bigejvgphpsog jmhig. frjibg jphtdig pj Dthndid d

ţphbdid. ohj d trd fdsoupdig + u Qhngbsdid. Sjrtu d Ohrthlgbd + mjbjsg jerjkhb prdljm. h prdċh sgmh ku shkj zvhbig pjtohb`gnhrh mjbjsd

<"333 znhtbdlanjrdbh" Ynhtj d srgfrj. fdsgrd d tohbdbg dzvgzgbg svdnjk d znhtjk. ohj

d obideg ojig mrdd u svhoji jmhid bhkgbigbji zh

uċgbig + svgeh tjeh

Qrnj su snhfd fdnd dzengmd mh ąg thohv ċjvgo dąd svgthċodkputgk ohohv mjndouig igmbjk phpd" W bigejvdrb jċdkh.

phpstvj ig fdnj ubjshb pjshj ojid trgfh Ũtj fjnig dzkustd.

thoj mh sg jstvhrd Ũtj vgąh ojrdst" ]hoj fhr pdŨg dstjrdċhr

Arhbċgsoj Evdċhrmdbd. thojĘg shvrgkgbdo Vjmrdeh FjrmŲdig9

Ojm bigeh su fdnd mj orhibidl erhbdgh dzrhŲgbd svd pjrj`d. ohoj

jbd tgngsbd. thoj d muljvbd""" Yh rgndediu

jb bdig zbhj. bdtd ig ukgj mh jmrŲd

rgċ" Jfgąhvhj ig svg d svhŨth. hn d sg

bdohmh bg fd pjsvgtdj bgċgku Ũtj bigku ndċbj bgąg mjbgtd ojrdst"

Yh prhvmu bdig khrdj pjŨtj ig u tj vrgkg. Vdk fdj ihzfdbh njpjvh

d ufd`h" D Nhoj.

pjŨtj zh svg erglg ojig

ig pjċdbdj bdig ohzbigb

bh jvjkg svgtu. mjfrj ku ig d%snj mj pjsngmbige mhbh"

Vgċiu. fdj ig ejrd ċjvgo. h dkhj

rgt phpg Hng os hb mr h

Vjmrdeh FjrmŲdig$. mgnj

jvje shv rgk gbd oh.

hrh Fgrbhrmdbh md Fgth.

htje d ohj Sgr um db j

urdodj ,8=7 =+8 78 0$



803 FJVMŻDIG

Shpsog m rŲhvg dzmhvh ng su sjps tvgb d bjvh`

ij Ũ jm m gv gt j e v go h " Jv hi b j v ċ dą p j t dċ g dz

v r g k g b h v n h m h v db g p h p g H ng o s h b m r h Q D"

vdŨg srgąg bgej. kjŲgfdtd. kh ojid mrued php h vgojvdkh prg bigeh"

Wz thovj tukhċgbig

ohrhotgrh. hutjr ig mjmhj d

tj mh ndċbg hkfd`dig Vjmrdeh

FjrmŲdig bdsu dkhng erhbd`g.

d mh bd vrgkgbjk. ohoj ig

sthrdj. jbg bdsu igbihvhng"

Jb ig prjk dŨnigbj o rgbuj upjmulvht jsbdvhbih m dbhstdig.

ojih ig ukgŨhnh prstg u ejtjvj

svg djng vhŲbg pjndtdċog pjsnjvg bh

gvrjpsojk tnu" Bgċhsthb ig fdj jm shkje

pjċgtoh. ohmh sg ohrmdbhnsod ojbonhv shsthj mh

dzhfgrg bhsngmbdoh phpg Dbjągbtdih QDDD. ojid ig prgkdbuj

8=46" ejmdbg"

Vjmrdej FjrmŲdih dkhj ig fgzerhbdċbg

hkfd`dig. ojig su eh svjk sdndbjk

mrŲhng mj n`rhih Ųdvjth"

FjrmŲdidbd dzengmd mh fumg dzhfrhb ċdbdnd su sg vrnj

snhfdk ċho d prg Dbjągbtdigvg skrtd" Ohrmdbhn ēundihbj mgnh

Vjvgrg. ojid eh ig prgzdrhj. mjndj ig unig bh vhtru pjmsgtdvŨd

phpu mh ig FjrmŲdih ..D>hthnjbh`„. ohoj su ţphb`d bhiċgŨąg

bhzdvhbd u Qhtdohbu. tg mh sg stjeh u bigeh bg kjŲg

pjuzmhtd" Vjmrdej FjrmŲdih ig d ndċbj fdj prdsuthb ohmh ig

jvh ongvgth dzejvjrgbh" Dz svg sbheg fjrdj sg mh jpjvrebg

jptuŲfg. upjtrgfdvŨd prdtjk thoj rhsojŨbu phngtu uvrgmh

mh ig bigejvdk suphrbd`dkh zhdsth khnj bgmjsthihnj mh sh

vgrfhnbje prgmu bh jfrhċub pgsbd`hkh. prg bgej Ũtj su

jsthnd bgohoj. dpho. uspgnd mh dl ufgmg mh sg skdrg. hoj bd

zfje ċgeh mrueje h jbj khohr dz pjŨtjvhbih prgkh pjbtdau

bh shkrtd"

BHKGţ]HBIG DYFJVHKutbg zhoundsbg rhmbig fdng su u pubjk igou mjo su

ohrmdbhnd pjouŨhvhnd mh bhmkumrg igmhb mruejeh d jfgzfgmg

pjfgmu svjidk ndċbdk ohbmdmhtdkh Dzfjr uz tj bg fglu

bhċdbdnd dkhiuąd prgvhsljmbjuvdmuvjniu

FjŲiu dnd bhuk Mulh svgtjeh + Ũtj

su. dbhċg. pj trhmd`did jsbjvbd

ordtgrdiukd ohm sg fdrh phph

+ vgą su engmhnd mh dspubgŲgnig vnhmhrh dthndihbsodl

erhmjvh+mrŲhvh ojid su

ndstjk prdŲgniodvhnd phpu

ojid ąg bidljvdk dbtgrgsdkh

fdtd fndŲd bgej dbtgrgsdkh

mruedl"

W derd sg bhŨnj

bgdzkgrbj kbjej bjv`h"

Srdkgrh rhmd. bhpunisod orhni

Agrhbtg bumdj ig ċdthvg lrpg

znhth mh jtoupd enhsjvg ohrmdbhnh

vjnibdl mh dzhfgru phpu ojid ąg sg u

Qhtdohbu zhnhehtd zh bhpunisog dbtgrgsg"

Sjigmdb`d sg. prdtjk. bdsu ustgzhnd bd jm

tjeh mh prdfgebu prnihvdk pjmvhnhkh" Srdkgrh

rhmd. bh svg strhbg Ũdrdnd su enhsdbg mh Kdnhbgzd bhkgrhvhiu

mh pjtċdbg `gnu Dthndiu. shkj mh fd sg pjtojphj ohbmdmht ojid

mjnhzd dz Kdnhbh. dnd u jvjk erhmu rhąubh bh pjmrŨou"

Vjmrdej FjrmŲdih bdig fdj uoniuċgb u tu fjrfu zh vnhst.hoj bd zfje ċge mrueje h jbj zhtj Ũtj su jm bigeh. ohj

Vjmrdej ig dkhj igmbu vhŲbu prgmbjst

jmbjsu bh svg. dnd ejtjvj svg ohbmdmhtg.

Fdj ig tjndoj fjeht mh ig kjehj mh mgnd

Ũhojk d ohpjk. d thoj ‒oupd„ ojndoj ej

ljąg ohrmdbhnsodl enhsjvh"

ţphb`h. jsthnd ohrmdbhnd. svg shkd Dthndihbd. mufjoj zhzdrhnd"

]j ig. s mrueg strhbg. FjrmŲdid mhnj prgmbjst. igr bigejvj

dkg bdig fdnj uohnihbj nihejk usodl dbtgrgsh d khldbh`dihkh

s kdtjk u ojig su ejtjvj svd jsthnd ohrmdbhnd u ojbonhvdfdnd

upngtgbd" Vjmrdej ig. sgk tjeh. dkhj ijŨ igmbu prgmbjst u

jmbjsu bh svg. dnd ejtjvj svg ohbmdmhtg" Fdj ig. bhdkg. tjndoj

fjeht mh ig kjehj mh mgnd Ũhojk d ohpjk. d thoj ..oupd„

ojndoj ejm pjŲgnd ohrmdbhnsodl enhsjvh"Enhvbd suphrbd`d u fjrfd zh phpsoj bhsngĘg fdnd su

Phtdr dċbh sndoh dz \QD vgoh pr dohzuig bjvċdąg ohoj. pjput odŨbdl

ohpd. phmhiu mjo phph Hngoshbmhr QD ,shsvdk mgsbj$ d bigejvd

kd n igb d` d p ruŲh iu ruog mh dl pjlvh th iu



806 FJVMYDIG

Sjr t rg t oh rm db h nh k d nhbsoj e Hs ohb d ih P aj r`g . rhm bgp jzbhtje rgbgshbsbje uk gtb doh " P aj r`h ig f dj p rgvg ihb pj n d t dċh r . h nd zh phpsojk



FJVMŻDIG 800

AHNH]H VJMVDEH FJVMŻDIG

Qjmgąd ukgtbd d dzhbhtndig rgbgshbsg ejmdbhkh suerhmdnd d Ęjtgrdvhndjvu phnhtu zh Vjmrdeh FjrmŲdiu" Mj

zmhbih sgmjnhzdnjorjz mvjrdŨtg jpngkgbigbj jtkgbj

uorhŨgbdktjsohbsodkstufjvdkh" Bdig bdohovj ċumj

Ũtjohrmdbhn Pajr`h bdig. igmbjsthvbj. kjehj mh jmjnd

mdvjthkhjvje ċumgsbje kgsth ohm ku ig pjbuĘgbj"

GvjŨthigbhpdshj9

Shnhth ig sihibj uorhŨgbh" Ydmjvd vgndoje unhzbje prgmvjrih prgordvgbd suadbdk thpdsgrdihkh? tgpdsd bh

phtjsu u sonhmu su s bhkgŨthigk. jm ojige sg dzmvhih rhsojŨbd mdvhb bh rhzvnhċgbig thpg`drhb `rvgbdk

shtgbjk. h zhstrt fhnmhldbjk. d ojvċge bh йвќзц ig fd nh dznjŲgbh bgprgengmbh. prgngph zfdroh znhth d

srgfrbdbg" ]hkj pjz hmd vdmgj shk ijŨ mvg jmhig. igmbu svu u adbj k shtgbu. sh ądndkdkh d ijŨ igmbdk orgvgtjk. thojĘg p jm fhnmhldbjk. prgordvgbdk hngoshbmrdbsojk ohm dajk? u mrueji prjstjrdid. ijŨ fjehtdig uorhŨgbji. bhnhzdj sg mdvhb sh znhtbdk prgordvhċgk" W srgmdbd tg

jmh ig bhnhzdj sg stj. thojĘg zhstrt hngoshbmrdbsojk ohmdajk d joruŲgb adb j dzrgzfhrgbdk stjnd`hkh"

hrmdbhn HsohbdjPajr`h dz Kdnhbh d ohrmdbhn ēundihbd mgnh

Vjvgrg. prdċgku igjvhi pjtjbid rhċubhj bh adbhbsdisou

jmrsouarhbusoje orhnih ţhrnh QDDD u dzbjsu jm 633"333

nhtbdlmuohth"Bigejvu ohkphbiu bjvċhbj ig pjmrŲhnh d

Vgpufndohēgbjvh. ojih ig dzmvjidnh 833"333 znhtbdl muohth"

VjvgrgdPajrhvjmdnd su jejrċgbu fjrfu u prvh trd enhshbih.

mjoigVjmrdejFjrmŲdih svg vrgkg fdj bh trgągk kgstu"Bdigfdjkbjejdspjm mvjid`g vjmgądl ohbmdmhth. h uprhvj ig

bidljvhtgsbhd bgdzvgsbh fjrfh bigku bhivdŨg d pjejmjvhnh"

Kdtj ig. pjrgm jsthnje. pjmd"dzukgvhj

zvhbig fdsouph u ţphbdid d DthD i d.

vgndog zgknidŨbg pjsgmg d bgorgtbdbg.

zhtdkjphtdig. zhkojvg tvrĘhvg eufgrbhtjrsoh zvhbih. vdsjog `rovgbg

pjnjŲhig. znhtj. mrheunig d soupj`gbjstd

svdl vrsth"

Ohmhsgojbhċbj uvgrdjmh ąg fdtd ohmhr mh bhmihċh d

ēundihbhmgnhVjvgrg dHsohbdih Pajr`u. Vjmrdej ig mvjid`u

hrmdbhnhjfhsujpjbumhkh zh ojig ig pjuzmhbj zbhj mh

vd.igmbjsthvbj. bgągkjąd mh dl jmfdiu" Sjmkdtdj dl ig.jrgmjsthnje. zvhbigkfdsouph u ţphbdid d Dthndid. vgndodk

gknidŨbdkpjsgmdkh dbgorgtbdbhkh. zhtdk jphtdihkh.

hkojvdkh d tvrĘhvhkh. zvhbidkh eufgrbhtjrh. vdsjodk

rovgbdkpjnjŲhidkh. znhtjk. mrheunidkh d soupj`gbjstdkh

dlvrsth

KD]J OHOQJE BGKHBhivgąh dsouŨgbih Vjmrdej ig bhkgbdj dsoniuċdvj ohrmdbhnu

Hsohbdiu Pajr`d. kdnhbsojk ohbmdmhtu. ojkg ig pjbumdj

pjnjŲhi pjtohb`gnhrh. h mh eh mjmhtbj bhkhkd. jfgąhj ku

ig svjiu vgngngpbu phnhtu ojih sg uzmdzhnh bh jfhnd ]dfrh .

prgoj puth Qhtdohbh" Kbjeh su prgngph zmhbih orhsdnh Vdk

tjeh mjfh. hnd jvh erhĘgvdbh bdig dkhnh prgk`h"Pvg jvj zhigmbj prgmsthvnihnj ig. kjeuąg. bhidzmhŨbdid

kdtj dohmh pjbuĘgb igmbjk ohrmdbhnu. d Pajr`h ig uspgŨbj

jmjngvhj svgeh bgodl pgt mhbh prg bgej Ũtj ig ojbhċbj

pjongohj" Bgmuej zhtdk. igmhb lrjbdċhr zhfgngŲdj ig mh ig

ojnjbh jm ċgtdrd khzeg. bhtjvhrgbg jerjkbdk ojndċdbhkh

srgfrh. orgbunh dz Vjmrdejvg phnhtg d. und`hkh Vdkh. stdenh mj

Pajr`dbje. dstdbh vgngngpbje. hnd u pjrgĘgbiu s Vjmrdejvdk.

dpho. zbhtbj sorjk bdige prgfdvhndŨth"

Phm. ohm sg Pajr`h pjvuohj dz dzfjrbg trog. `gnjoupbj

kdnhbsoj n`rdnj sthnj ig dzh Vjmrdeh FjrmŲdig" Ohrmdbhn Vjvgrg.

ojid ig prg tjeh ihvbj rgohj ohoj fd svhoj mrued bh kgstu

phpg fdj fjnid jm ijŨ igmbje FjrmŲdig. fdj ig shmh prdkjrhb

mh prjeuth sjpstvgbd dsohz d ndċbj enhsh zh Vjmrdeh. tgo mh.

ohoj+thoj. sphsg jfrhz" Jsthnd ohrmdbhnd su. bg mdŲuąd ehnhku.

bhpubdnd mŲgpjvg d enhshnd ohoj sg jm bidl jċgodvhnj" Srdċh

sg mh ig p jsngmbid pjtoupnigb igmhb 41+ejmdŨbid ohrmdbhn

ojid ig vgą fdj tjndoj dznhpgj mh igmvh mh ig ujpŨtg zbhj

emg sg bhnhzd d Ũth rhmd" Pvgeh pgtjrd`h ohrmdbhnh jmfdnh su

Vjmrdejvu pjbumu" Frjiċhbj su dl ufgmnidvj bhmkhŨdndjbd ojid su prdlvhtdnd" Jmnuoh ig ojbhċbj mjbgth pjsng

`gnjbjąbje zhsgmhbih. prgm zjru 88" hveusth 8=46" ejmdbg"

]hmh sg Vjmrdej FjrmŲdih. shmh phph Hngoshbmhr QD. jmgvgb

u trhmd`djbhnbu phpsou jmgŲmu. pjihvdj bh fhnojbu. bh

pr jk sprhtu htdohbsog phnhtg d prgm bgprgengmbjk



80= FJVMŻDIG

svgtdbjk. dzejvjrdj pjzbhtg rgċd9 ‒Ќг shk phph d bhkgsbdo

Lrdstjv""" Fnhejsdnihk erhm. d zgkniu fnhejsdnihk. d Dthndiu

vhs`gnu fnhejsdnihk. d svgt fnhejsdnihk shv"„

Sj mhvbj usthbjvnigbji trhmd`did. dzfjr bjvje phpg u

Vdku pjsnjvdċbj su prhtdng fgsjkuċbg tgrgvgbog d jpŨtd

kgtgŲ. ph ig thoj fdnj d u vrgkg snhvnih zfje pjfgmg mrueje

phpsoje ohbmdmhth dz thfjrh FjrmŲdih" Bgodl mvgsth niumd

skrtbj ig strhmhnj u pjkgtbid ojih ig bhsthnh ċdk ig jfihvnigb

rgzuntht enhshbih. h `rovgbh zvjbh Ũdrjk erhmh jenhsdnh vgndod

mjehĘhi" Jm jsthndl dzfjrh jvd su sg. kgĘutdk. rhzndojvhnd pjjpŨtgk ċuĘgbiu. ebgvu d strhlu ojig su dzhzvhnd"

‒Phm bhs igmhb vuo mrŲd u Ũh`d&. ejvjrdj ig adrgbtdbsod

ohrmdbhn ējvhbd md Njrgb`j mg Kgmdċd. dbhċg pjtjbid phph

Nhv \" ‒D tj kjŲmh bhierhfnidvdid vuo oje ig jvhi svgt vdmgj"

Wojndoj ku bg ukhobgkj prjŲmrhąg bhs svg bgkdbjvbj &

Shnhth Pajr`h Ďgzhrdbd. ojijk ig Hsohbdj Pajr`h pjmkdągb ohoj

fd ds tu pd j dz tr o g z h ph ps ou or ub u. d mhbhs stjid emg ig shzdmhbh.

prgkmh dze ngmh zbh tbj m ruehċ d ig "

]VWNDDYFJVDKbjed su tdl mhbh + prgmsthvbd`d Qgbg`dig. Agrhrg d Khbtjvg

+ bh shv enhs prjtgstjvhnd. h d u Ũdrdk oruejvdkh prdċhnjsg

mh su dzfjrd bhkgŨtgbd. tg mh su. shkdk tdk. bidljvd rgzunthtd

bdŨthvbd" Srgvhrg. d tj fgzjċbg. zhdsth ig d fdnj. hnd ohrmdbhnd

ojid su sg pjnhojkdnd bh FjrmŲdidbj kdtj bdsu ltgnd bd mhzu`bu. mjo ig shk bjvjdzhfrhbd phph d tg ohoj vjmdj rhąubh

j tjkg mh bg jsthvd bd bhikhbige mjohzh ojid fd gvgbtuhnbj

kjehj fdtd upjtrgfnigb prjtdv bigeh" Bhpunisod orhni Agrhbtg

pnhohj ig shzbhvŨd mh su jerjkbg svjtg bjv`h ojig ig unhehj

u svje ohbmdmhth jtdŨng u mdk pjŨtj jvhi bdig uspgj mh sg



FJVMŻDIG 807

Srgvhrg. d tj fgzjċbg. zhdsth ig d

fdnj. hnd ohrmdbhnd ojid su pjmngend

prgm FjrmŲdidbdk kdtjk

bdsu ltgnd bd mh zu`bu"""

jebg phpsog orubg"Bdig. kgmutdk. svg fdnj thoj `rbj. ph bd svd strhljvd

supjtpdrdvhbd pjsng dzfjrh Hngoshbmrh QD bdsu fdndhvmhbd" KjŲmh jb d igstg fdj dsovhrgb. bgkjrhnhb d

vgrhb. hnd stjid mh ig mrued phph dz ouąg FjrmŲdih dkhj

vgsbh svjistvh ojih su ku jkjeuądnh mh dzhĘg bh orhi

hkzdvdk. khtgrdihndstdċodk. lgmjbdstdċodk k dnigjk

gshbsbg Dthndig ojid fd fgz sukbig ufrzj mjŨhj enhvg

bgojk muljvbdigk. bg thoj svgtjvbjk pjbtdau" Yh vrgkg

vnhmhvdbg bigejvje uihoh. phpg Ohndsth. d ċgtvjrd`g pjbtdah

pjsng bigeh. Vjmrdej FjrmŲdih dzrhsthj ig u vrlubsoje

mdpnjkhtu d ejspjmhrh" Wkgj ig. sgk tjeh. mh ubgsg

prdsbjst u ndċbg o jbthotg s niumdkh. prgtpjsthvnihiuąd tukgtjmu jbdk. uvgo bguejmbdk. ‒bhrgmfhkh jmjzej„. h svg.

bhrhvbj. ohoj fd jm svhojeh mjfdj jbj Ũtj ljąg" Qhtdohbsoh

mvjrsoh svdth fdnh ig prdihtbj dzbgbhĘgbh upjzbhvŨd tje

Srjt dv ohtj n dċhbstvh uskgrgbh sht d rh dz \QD vgoh pr dohzuig Hngo-

shbmrh QD ohj bgċhst dvje oji d bh enhv d bjsd phpsou t rjst ruou orubu



801 FJVMŻDIG

O V W B D P H B i G SHSG HNG O P H B M V H Q D

Hngoshbmrjvj orubdshbig. ojig sg jmderhnj 61" hveusth

8=46" ejmdbg. fdnj ig u tjndoji kgrd gostrhvhehbthb mjehĘhi

mh fd zhsgbdj ċho d trdiukahnbg mjċgog ohovd su prdrgĘdvhbd

`hrgvdkh sthrje Vdkh" Pvgċhbh pjvjroh fdnh ig muŲh jm

trd odnjkgtrh. h u biji ig fdnj 83"333 ojbihbdoh. `gnjoupbj

phpsoj mjkhądbstvj. hkfhshmjrd mruedl zgkhnih. ohj

d ohrmdbhnd bh ojbidkh. svhod s prhtbijk u ojiji ig fdnj

pj 86 niumd" Phk phph Hngoshbmhr ihlhj ig zhonjbigb

fhnmhldbjk ojid eh ig Ũtdtdj jm ihoje pjzbjhveustjvsoje

sub`h" Shpsoh strhŲh d svd vhtdohbsod zvhbdċbd`d prhtdnd su eh

u stjpu"Mjo sg spjrj prjfdihj orjz svgtdbu n`jih sg tdsohnh sh

jfg strhbg und`g. pjvjroh ig prjŨnh dspjm. spg`dihnbj zh

tu prdndou pjmdebutdl nuojvh bh ojidkh su fdnd dspdshbdsnjehbd. bgod bgsordvgbj fjejlunbd9 ‒Hngoshbmhr

bgpjfgmdvd&. ‒Hngoshbmhr bhiuzvdŨgbdid& d ‒Orubdshbig

vgndoje fjeh Hngoshbmrh&" Pvg dl ig. kgĘutdk. bhmkhŨdnh

pjruoh znhtbdk snjvdkh dspdshbh bh mruejk igmbjk nuou9

‒Qgndod ig Vdk fdj pjm @gzhrjk . ijŨ ig kbjej vgąd pjm

Hngoshbmrjk" Srvd ig fdj skrtbdo. mrued ig fje"&

Qrgndbh d tdsohbig joupnigbg khsg fdnd su u tji kgrd

bgpjmbjŨnidvd mh ig Hngoshbmhr u mvh bhvrhth dzeufdj

svgst. hnd fglu tj shkj prjnhzbd trgbu`d snhfjstd" Ďdk su

orubdshbig d prhtgąg svgċhbjstd fdng zhvrŨgbg. Hngoshbmhrsg. bg eufgąd vrgkg. bhkgtbuj ohj phph ojkg ig. prg

svgeh. pjshj bh uku"

mruŲgniufdvje. strpnidvje phpu ojeh ig. rbdkj jċgodvhbih.

mjfdnh u Hngoshbmru" Yh joj dk ig pjsgfbj zhphnh bigejvh

sprgkbjst mh pjsvgtd phŲbiu d vrgkg bgvjnihkh. rg`dkj.

sdrjtdl umjvd`h d mrueje sorjkbje svgth. ohj d mh prgmuzkg

jmrgĘgbg kgrg ohoj fd pjfjniŨhj pjnjŲhi u ojigk sg td niumdbhnhzg"

D. Ũtj ig dzhzdvhnj ijŨ vgąg ċuĘgbig sprhk tje ċjvgoh ojid

ig mg`gbd ihk h Ųdvgj u bhiv gąji rhsojŨd d f nhejsthb iu. phph

Hngoshbmhr QD ig strjej vjmdj rhċubh j rhspjmgnd srgmsthvh

Hngoshbmhr ig trhŲdj bhċdbh d

srgmsthvh mh svji sgosuhnbd Ųdvjt + d

bigejvg bgpjsrgmbg pjsngmd`g + mrŲd pjmhnig jm jċdiu ihvbjstd" WvdĘhj

ig mh fd rjĘgbh mg`h kjenh mh ku

prgmsthvnihiu skgtbiu shmh ohm ig

pjsthj phph"

dz vhtdohbsoje fumŲgth" ]hmh su ijŨ fdnh svgŲh sgąhbih bh

ejzfg u Vjmrdejvjk zhkou. bh tgrgvgbog j ojidkh ig pjsngfruihj `gj Vdk" ]d fhbogtd fglu thoj rhsojŨbd mh sg prdċhnj

ohoj pj svgku bhmkhŨuiu pdrjvg ojig su svjigvrgkgbj

prdrgĘdvhnd `hrgvd sthrje Vdkh9 bh thbidrdkh jm suvje znhth

dzbjŨgbh ig bhisoupj`gbdih lrhbh. h uz biu d bhifjnih vdbh.

ojih su zvhbd`g pdng dz gostrhvhehbtbj uorhŨgbdl pglhrh"

Hngoshbmhr sg. kgĘutdk. jtohoj ig pjsthj phph.

pjsthrhj mh ignjvbdo zh vhtdohbsojk trpgzjk fumg Ũtj

igmbjsthvbdid. thoj mh ig shmh vhŲdnj prhvdnj mh sg snuŲd

shkj igmbj ig nj pj jfrjou" Kgrg Ũtgmbig fdng su thoj

mrhstdċbg mh su zvhbd`g ufrzj pjċgng mh trhŲg jprhvmhbih.shkj mh dzfgebu ruċojvg d vgċgrg ojm phpg"

HNGOPHBMVJQH POVDQGBH AHKDNDIHHngoshbmhr ig. thojĘg. trhŲdj bhċdbh d srgmsthvh mh svji

sgosuhnbd Ųdvjt + d bigejvg bgpjsrgmbg pjsngmd`g + mrŲd

pjmhnig jm jċdiu ihvbjstd" Wvdmhj ig. dnd fhr tvrmdj mh

uvdmh. mh fd rjmgbh mg`h kjenh mh ku prgmsthvnihiu

skgtbiu shmh. ohm ig pjsthj phph. ph ig thoj prdndojk

orubdshbih jfgąhj ējvhbdiu Fjohċu. hkfhshmjru

Qjivjmstvh Agrhrg. mh ąg sg svhohoj pjtrumdtd mh tu mg`u

bdoj bdohm bg vdmd u Qhtdohbu d Vdku" ]hoj bgŨtj fdnj ig

vgrjvhtbj bgdzvjmnidvj zh ċjvgoh ojid ig svjig pjtjkstvj

vjngj jbhoj ohoj eh ig vjngj phph Hngoshbmhr" H jpgt.

khmh ig thoj sbhŲbj fdj vgzhb zh bidl. fdj ig. uigmbj. d

ċvrstj rgŨgb mh d svjig bhsngmbdog d jsthnu fndsou rjmfdbu

dsojrdstd prg svgeh ohoj fd uċvrstdj svji pjnjŲhi" Ptjehig

d jbj jfgąhbig mhtj hkfhshmjru Fjohċu pjehzdj shkj

pgt mhbh ohsbdig. ohmh ig dkgbjvhj svje bhisthrdige sdbh.

@gzhrgh FjrmŲdiu. bh kgstj bhmfdsouph Qhngbsdig. ċdkg ig jvhi. thmh sgmhk bhgstje jmdŨb id knhmdą. pjsthj bhivdŨd

`rovgbd vgndojmjstjibdo u `gnji ţphbdid" Shph. prdtjk. bdig

jfrhąhj phŲbiu bh ċdbigbd`u mh sg knhmd Ďgzhrg ujpŨtg

bdig bd zhrgmdj" Hngoshbmhr ig. ŨthvdŨg. jmkhl svjk

mruejk sdbu. igmhbhgstjejm dŨbigk Ljargu ,Ejargmu$.



80< FJVMŻDIG

biji. fhr sg thoj prdċhnj. dzuzgtbj ejmdnj"

Ahkdndih Hngoshbmrh QD. uoniuċuiuąd d jbu Ũdru. fdnh ig

jvjk pjbtdau dzrhzdtj vhŲbh. pjrgm jsthnje d zhtj Ũtj ig Vdk.

pj svgku sumgm. prjstj vrvgj jm bigejvdl bgprdihtgnih"

Igmhb shtdrdċhr bhzvhj ig ēundiu

‒bgvgstjk Lrdstjvjk„. Ũtj ig biji. fhr

sg thoj prdċhnj. dzuzgtbj ejmdnj"

Kgmu jbdkh ojidkh phph bdig fdj pj vjnid bhŨnd su sg d

ohrmdbhnd ojig ig pjfgmdj bh ojbonhvd 8=46" ejmdbg. bidljvgjsuigągbg kg`gbg d vjmgąg pjrjmd`g erhmh Vdkh ojig su

sg prdfjihvhng ċjvgoh ċvrstg ruog ohohv ig fdj Hngoshbmhr.

prdŲgniouium mrueje pjbtdah. bgoje ojeh ąg kjąd mh vrtg joj

khnje prsth"

Kbjed Ųdtgnid Hpgbdbsoje pjnujstrvh fdnd su pjmjzrdvd

Mjkgbdoj @hkpdigr d zvhbd Mjkgbdodbj ,87<8+81=8$. hutjrjvgsndog

bh ojiji vdmdkj Ųgbu s igmbjrjejk. kjŲmh sg. pjrtrgtdŨuąd bigb ndo.

pjs nuŲdj `r thk h ē und i g A hrbgzg. n iuf hvbd` g phpg Hngoshbmrh QD"

prgkh Hngoshbmru. igr jb ig. dpho. fdj tgo ‒Ohthnjbh`&. Ũtjąg

rgą d + bgċ hsb d strhbh` ojid . uprojs ejmdbhkh prjvgmgbdk u

snuŲfd Qhtdohbh. tgŨoj mh ąg mjprdbgtd uengmu phpstvh"

VgŨgbig zh thi prjfngk. fhr pj Hngoshbmrjvjk vdĘgbiu

stvhrd. fdnj ig u tjkg mh sg joruŲd svjidk bhifndŲdkh d

rjmfdbjk . igmdbdkh ojidk h ig zhdsth kjehj mh vgruig"

Bgpjtdzhk. bhrhvbj. bdig fdj bdohovh bjvjst u Qhtdohbu"

Wiho Ohndst fdj ig u svjig vrgkg prhvd khistjr zh rjmfdbsog

ojkfdbhmig. ohj d kbjed bigejvd prgtljmbd`d bh prgstjnusvgtje Sgtrh ojid su u phpstvu prgvhsljmbj vdmgnd

dzvhbrgmbu prdndou mh sg jfjehtg d uzmdebu svjig rjmhog

mgngm dk zvhbih. fjehtstvj d mruŨtvgbd sthtus ohohv dbhċg

u Ųdvjtu bg fd mjstdend" Hnd ċho d dkhium svg tj u vdmu.

Hngoshbmhr QD svg dl ig bhmkhŨdj" W ruohkh tje mgspjth ojid



FJVMŻDIG 804

da dp |d

D n n n n n g S n d n P^ Л%

n d d n n n d g

d d d d s d D

8М)мм( D

ph Hngoshbmhr QD u kbjej ċgku bdig sg s nhehj sh svj i dk

jkĎgzhrgjk ,mgsbj$. Ũtj eh bdig sprgċdnj mh jvjeh pjsthvd zh

mdbhnh ċdk ig Ďgzhrg bhvrŨdj 8< ejmdbh"

vg vjngj mh rhmd u pjthid. phpstvj ig pjċgdj bgjmjnidvj mh

bh khadiu + ohm ejm fd tj fdnj bgjpljmbj. prdfgehvhnj fd

bhsdniu d dzrhfnidvhbiu. h kją ig pjċdvhnh bh fhsbjsnjvbdk

khkh bjv h"

kgbjvhbih bh vdsjog muŲbjstd Hngoshbmrjvdl knhmdl

jvh āgzhrgh d Ljargh fdnh su tgo pjċgtho" Hngoshbmhr igtd ohrmdbhnsod ojngediuk pjpubdj FjrmŲdihkh d ċnhbjvdkh

fdbg" BhivhŲbdid kgmu bjvjpjsthvnigbdk ohrmdbhndkh fdj

gzhrg FjrmŲdih. s tdk Ũtj ig Hngoshbmhr kjrhj mh prdfgebg

`hnd`hkh bg fd nd zhjfdŨhj prhvdnj mh sg kjeu fdrhtd igmdbj

mdmhtd rjĘgbd u frhċbdk zhigmbd`hkh Ďgzhrg ig bhrhvbj

fdj vhbfrhċbj mgtg. hnd eh ig jth` vgŨtj ‒jzhojbdj&. d tj thoj

Ũtj ig jfihvdj phpsou funu oj ijk ig Ďgzhrg prjenhŨgb sdbjk

bigejvg niufhvbd`g Qhbj`g mgd Ohthbgd d bigbje prvje kuŲh.

pjċdvŨge Mjkgbdoh ēhbj`h Vdbihbh"

Dstje tje mhbh. k gĘutdk. jfbhrjmjvhbh ig ijŨ igmbh funh.

ojijk ig jbh prvh fdnh pjbdŨtgbh. h svg zhrhm ċdstg dstdbg + mh

ig phph Hngoshbmhr Ďgzhrgjv jth`" Mrueh funh fdnh ig. pjtjk.

gngehbtbj prgbgfrgebuth. d Ďgzhrg ig shmh dspubihvhj svg

usnjvg" Shph Hngoshbmhr. kgmutdk. bdig sthj bh tjkg. vgą

ig trhŲdj mh svd jsthnd ohrmdbhnd . ċnhbjvd Pvgtje ojngediukh.jfhvgzbj mjċgohiu d pjzmrhvg @gzhrgh ohm jb d zvhbdċbj

fumg zhuzgj vdsjoj zvhbig u rdksoji ldigrhrldid" Shph ig jm

bidl zhltgvhj mh uċdbg bgŨtj fgz prgsgmhbh. hnd ig fdj ċvrstj

rgŨgb mh dstrhig u svjk zhltgvu" Ohoj sg d kjenj bhsnutdtd.

ohrmdbhn ēundihbj mgnh Vjvgrg jŨtrj sg pjfubdj dzihvdvŨd



8=3 FJVMŻDIG

mh jb bgąg prdsustvjvhtd tjk ċdbu. igr bg kjŲg mh mjzvjnd mh

ojngediuk fumg ‒jfgsvgągb d znjupjtrgfnigb& bh thohv bhċdb" Sh

dpho. bhpjsngtou ig prdsustvjvhj Ďgzhrgjvjk ustjndċgbiu. pjŨtj

ig bh tj prdk jrhb? d jb d jsthnd ohrmdbhnd kjrhnd su Ďgzhrgu mh

uohŲu pjċhst. fhŨ jbhoj ohoj ig phph tj jm bidl trhŲdj"

Ohrmdbhnd su vgą fdnd jfbgvdmgnd jm ebgvh Ũtj k jrhiu

u svjig rgmjvg mh prdkg phpdbj ojpdng. ohm ig Hngoshbmhr

dzhzvhj ijŨ igmbu. sndċbu shfnhzhb9 prgmnjŲdj ig. bhdkg.

mh Hngshbmrj. knhmd frht ēundig Ahrbgzg. thojĘg fumg

pjsthvnigb zh ohrmdbhnh" Bh jvhi bhċdb phph ig Ųgngj mh

bherhmd ēundiu zh bigbg sgosuhnbg usnueg. hnd ig shkj stdehj

mjmhtbj mh pjvdsd bhpgtjst u vgą usdihbjk Ohrmdbhnsojk



FJVMŻDIG 8=8

Ugediuku" IjŨ igmbjk ig. kgĘutdk. phph Hngoshbmhr uspgj

bhsdnumh prjeurh svjiu zhkdshj. jvjeh puth thoj Ũtj ig

svdkċnhbjvdkh ojngediukh prdprgtdj mh ąg dl. hoj jmfdiu mh

jmjfrgHngshbmrjvj prjenhŨgbig. zhkgbdtd bjvdk. svjidk

ohbmdmhtdkh"

FjrmŲdih ohoj bh tnu Dthndig. thoj d vhb Hpgbdbsoje pjnujstrvh.

prjk dŨnigbj uejvhrhiuąd frhojvg svjiji mg`d" Żgbdmfh Ljargh.

Hngoshbmrjvje sdbh. knhmjk Phbċjk jm Hrhejbh. ubuojk

bhpunisoje orhnih Agrhbth. pjkjenh ig phpd mh uspjsthvd

mrhej`gbg vgzg s orhnigvsojk p jrjmd`jk n`jih ig vnhmhnh dBhpunijk d Hrhejbjk" Ljargjvh sgstrh. Nuorg`dih FjrmŲdih.

igmdbh oągroh ojiu ig phph mjfdj sh svjijk bhnjŲbd`jk

Shph ig rhmdj bh Ũdrgbiu utd`hih

FjrmŲdih ohoj bh tnu Dthndig. thoj

d dzvhb Hpgbdbsoje pjnujstrvh.

prjkdŨnigbj uejvhrhiuąd frhojvg

svjiji mg`d"

Qhbj`jk mgd Ohthbgd. fdnh ig prg Ųrtvh bgej bgohovh znh

trjvhċd`h. ohovjk ig prdohzhbh u tjndodk ngegbmhkh j

FjrmŲdihkh" Jth` iu ig. pj svgku sumgąd. dsorgbj jfjŲhvhj.

hnd eh tj bdig sprgċdnj mh ig trdput umhig dkhiuąd prdtjk u

vdmu dsoniuċdvj vnhstdtd pjndtdċod ąhr" Srvd Nuorg`didb kuŲ.

ējvhbd Pajr`h. ojid sg 8=40" jŲgbdj thmh trdbhgstjejmdŨbijk

Nuorg`dijk. trgfhnj ig Hngoshbmru mh jfgzfgmd mrhej`gbuvgzu s Kdnhbjk" ējvhbd ig. kgmutdk. pjmfh`dj" Qdsg ig rhmdj u

arhb`usojk bgej u dbtgrgsu svjeh thsth. d dstrhibj ig jmfdihj mh

snuŲd vjisou u phpsoji hrkdid. Ũtj ig Hngoshbmhr jm bigeh trhŲdj"

NWOVG@DIH PG VHYQJMDWz pjkją d bh pjmstd`hi sdbh Ďgzhrgh. Hngoshbmhr ig

jmnuċdj mh sg jthrhsd bgspjsjfbje ējvhbdih" Knhmdą ig fdj

prdkjrhb mh dspjvgmd bgŨtj Ũtj. jċdengmbj. bdig fdnh dstdbh.

bgŨtj Ũtj ig prgmsthvnihnj bh iejrg kjeuąg pjbdŲgbig zh

igmbje ċjvgoh rgbgshbsg + mh zfje dkpjtgb `dig zhprhvj

bdohmh d bdig ojbzuk drhj frho s Nuorg`dijk" Ďdbigbd`h

mh ig Nuorg`dih u tjk trgbutou fdnh trumbh fgstdmbj ig

zhjfdmgbh" Wsngmdj ig rhzvjm d phph ig shmh kjehj bhtgbhbg

Nuorg`did mh prjbhmg mrueje kuŲh" Dzfjr ig phj bh bhjċdtje

sgmhkbhgstjejmdŨbihoh Hnajbsh Hrhejbsoje. vjivjmu jm

FdŨgnigh" Hngoshbmhr ig ejmdbhkh vgą `dnihj bh Bhpuni. h

Hnajbs sg. s jfzdrjk bh tj mh su Hrhejb`d u tj vrgkg vnhmhnd

jvdk erhmjk bh iueu Hpgbdbsoje pjnujstrvh. bhkgtbuj ohj

dmghnhb pjsrgmbdo zh jstvhrgbig tdl hkfd`dih"

Shph H ngos hbm hr pjs thv dj ig svje s dbh Ďgzhrgh ,m rue d s ngvh$ zh

ohrm dbh nh ohm ig jvjkg f d nj 8< ejm dbh " Bh jvjk p nh tbu ēuzgpg+

+Njrgb` h Ehtgr dih ,8<64 +8<< 1$ Ďgzhrg ig p r do hzhb ohoj jm nhz d d z

Qh t d o h b h



8=6 FJVMŻDIG



FJVMŻDIG 8=0

i Ųgbg. rhm Fhrtj njkgh Qg bg` di hb h ,8 73 6+8 7 7 7$? s k ht rh

gmhigbhjvjk pnhtbu prgmsthvnigbh. zhprhvj. Nuorg`dih FjrmŲdih.

histhrdihoągroh phpg Hngoshbmrh" Nuorg`diu ig jth` ojrdstdj ohj

jbh. umhiuąd ig vdŨg puth ohoj fd js tv hrd j sj ps tv gb g db tgr gs g"

Frhoig snmjpnigb 8=4<" ejmdbg. hnd ufrzj sg d Hnajbsu

jejmdnjjbj Ũtj ig prg tjeh vgą sbhŨnj ējvhbdih Pajr`u9

jsthjig dzndŨhb" Hrhejb dkh su. bhdkg. uprhvu bhm

hpunigkprgjtgng arhb`usog d Ũphbsog sbheg. d knhmd Hnajbs

Ũgbdigfdjpjtrgfhb phpd" Iunh 8733" ejmdbg. vgrjvhtbj

zphpdbprgąutbd prdsthbho. eruph bhjruŲhbdl sngmfgbdoh

ējvhbd ig fdj prdkjrhb mh prdzbh

ohojzfje dkpjtgb dig zhprhvj bdohmh

bdigojbzukdrhj frho s Nuorg` dijk"

gzhrghFjrmŲdig bhphnh ig Hnajbsh mjo sg Ũgthj pjrgm @rovg

" Sgtrh uQhtdohbu" Bdsu tjk prdndojk uspgnd mh ku zhmhiu

brtbd umhrh . hnd eh ig zhtj. pj svgku sumgąd. mjorhiċdj

gzhrg ndċbj. umhvdvŨd zgth mjo sg jvhi jpjrhvnihj jm

mjfdigbdlrhbh" Nuorg`dih. jfumjvgnh u svjiji mvhmgsgtji.bjejig tuejvhnh zh Hnajbsjk. ojeh ig dsorgbj vjngnh"

Shph Hngoshbmhr ojbhċbj ig mjfdj zgth pj svjiji vjnid

mig Nuorg`did uejvjrdj d trgąd frho. jvjeh put s igmbdk

uedk. zbhtbj upjtrgfnidvdidk Hnajbsjk" Fdj ig tj Hnajbs

Gstg. ċdih ig pjrjmd`h uprhvnihnh erhmjk+mrŲhvjk Agrhrjk"

pjċgtou sg Gstg jpdrhj dmgid mh sg jŲgbd Nuorg`dijk d

ojpjsthbg mgj bigbg bgjkdnigbg ahkdndig" Bdig bd ċumj

jig Hnajbs thoj kdsndj hoj sg dkh u vdmu mh sg u tj vrgkg

svg strhbg bgprgsthbj prdċhnj j FjrmŲdihkh ojidkh su.

rgmjsthnje. prdpdsdvhbh ufdstvh. db`gst. bgkjrhn. rhzvrht d

otdċbj svh mrueh bgmgnh ojih ig kjeuąg pjċdbdtd" Hnajbs ig.

gkgbjk. prjkgbdj kdŨnigbig. prdlvhtdj ig pjbumu. d knhmd

r vgbċhj sg 03" mg`gkfrh 8738" ejmdbg" Yh rhzndou jm prvg

jid`g Nuorg`didbdl kuŲgvh. Hnajbs d bigejvh pjrjmd`h Gstg

prdojsbjvgbj su vnhmhnd svjidk erhmjk+mrŲhvjk. s ċdijk

sg tgrdtjrdijk Shpsog mrŲhvg erhbdċdng bh sgvgru. thoj mh

hmh Hngoshbmhr mjŨhj mj kjm d utd`hih ojig ąg d jb d svd

ejvd bhsngmbd`d bh kgstu pjbtdah prdnigŲbj ojrdstdtd svg mj

hihŨgsbhgstje vgoh" Sjsng tjeh. Agrhrh ig d zvhbdċbj uŨnh uthvShpsodl mrŲhvh"

B KDNIGBDOndojejm vgndojmuŨhb fdj prgkh svji svjiji mg`d. nhvjvsod

jHngoshbmrjvg jċdbsog frdeg d phŲbig jmnhzdj ig bh

URk + I ē "% X + A ) p h * њ d r t d j l a f ▣y v j A G a rV * "L tN K Q ?r dB | " ℑ " ( х 8 vKd% D ▣" ▣, d " ? Q ( " ▣ D Њ )8

j j K d % a d b u p n ` d d" " • ■% % П п? 8 •

ipJKaBJ @JK H m "D SV J ydB ]n П II"Q ]]WEBHB] )

AnaāHV%AHEBHBA DB VJKHBLdJNH ?

R r h ` j b g k h t r n ■ + D

D ▣ d v ` O t " 8 88& й б ш к + 9 %

g t d 99h f gn ng " d+ d nu ЬЙ: + H )

▣ L d d

+ =. +

«Z ZZ £

•d.B+)%Q %

Erjf H n a jbsh Hrhejbsoje . vj ivjmg jm F dŨg n igh . m rueje suprueh

Nuo rg` d ig Fjrm Ų d ig. ojeh ig 8733 " uf dj b igb f rh t Ďgzhrg "

bigejvje sdbh kdnigbdoh. Luhbh FjrmŲdiu" Sjtorhi mgvgtg

mg`gbdig \Q vgoh. 8=<<. ċgtdrd ejmdbg prg bgej Ũtj ąg

Hngoshbmhr pjsthtd phph. thmh igmhbhgstjejm dŨbid Luhb

mjfdj ig bh pjonjb Ehbmdisoj vjivjmstvj. pjsgm ahkdndig

FjrmŲdih bh dstjou ţphbdig. ojid ig. dbhċg. tgsthkgbtjk

@gzhrg FjrmŲdih pjsnhj ig svjig

bhjruŲhbg prdsthnd`g mh bhphmbu

Hnajbsh" Jfumjvgnh u mvhmgsgtji.

Nuorg`dih ig kbjej tuejvhnh zh bidk"

zhvgŨthj Vjmrdejv sthrdid pjnufrht Sgmrj Nuds" ]j ig. ohoj sg

kjŲg prgtpjsthvdtd. Ųgstjoj rhzebgvdnj Luhbjvje sthrdige

frhth Ďgzhrgh. ojid bdn`hoj bdig kjehj mh sg pjkdrd s tdk mh

su bigeh. gtj. prgsojċdnd ohoj fd umjvjnidnd bigejvjk tjndoj



8== FJVMŻDIG

khŲgbjk d phŲgbjk frhtu ojid ig. uzergm. u Qhtdohbu fdj

pjzbht pjm bhmdkojk VhzkhŲgboj. bhmdkojk ojid ku ig.

uenhvbjk. fgsprgojrbj prdsthihj" Ďgzhrg sg tjndoj rhsrmdj

mh sg dstjeh ċhsh zhongj ohoj ąg u fdtd Luhbh. dhoj u tjk

trgbutou. ohj prdphmbdo svgŨtgbstvh. d bdig dkhj prhvj mh

prguzkg. prgvhsljmbj svgtjvbg. pjvnhstd`g ojig su Luhbu

prdphng" Ďgzhrgu ig. kgmutdk. thmh fdnj tgo 80 ejmdbh. d

bigejvu prgtbiu bdoj bdig uzgj zh jzfdnibj"

Jbd Ũtj Ũdrg enhsdbg. hnd d jzfdnibdid

pjskhtrhċd mjŨnd su mj zhoniuċoh mh

ig pjrjmd`h pjċgnh mh sgnd vhtdohbsou

rdzbdù u ţphbdiu"

Ehbmdisoj vjivjmstvj bdig fdnj d igmdbj Ũtj ig Luhbu jsthnj

u hkhbgt jm Sgmrh Nudsh" Bhsngmdj ig d Sgmrjvu bgsuĘgbu

bgvgstu. Khrdiu Gbrdogz mg Nubu" ţgsbhgstjejmdŨbid Luhb

thoj ig dspnjvdj zh ţphbdiu. oh svjk bjvjk vjivjmstvu. d tj

u thoj vgndojk stdnu mh su bgupuągbd pjkdsndnd ohoj tj bh

put orgąg bgod `hr" Fdnj ig tj 8=40" ejmdbg" V hzbgŲgbd jth`.

ojid ig prgoj svhog kgrg pjmdnhzdj svjkg kdnigbdou. dzmhŨbj

ig sbhfmgj Luhbh znhtjk . mrheunidkh. srg frjk . bjv`gk

d svhojihodk mjfrdkh" ]jvhr ig fdj tjndod mh su jm Dthndig

mj ţphbdig kjrhnd mh eh prgvjzg u ċgtdrd ehndig" Jbd Ũtj Ũdrg

enhsdbg. hnd d jzfdnibdid pjskhtrhm mjŨnd su mj zhoniuċoh mh ig

pjrjmd`h pjċgnh mh sgnd vhtdohbsou rdzbdù u ţphbdiu"

..D>hŲu mh ąg sg jb ,Luhb$ vrhtdtd orjz ejmdbu mhbh. hoj

bg d prg„. prgbgj ig ēhbnusdmj Ohthbgj. dzhsnhbdo dthndihbsoje

erhmh+mrŲhvg K hbtjvg. ‒hnd mh ąg svg tj Ũtj ig pjbgj jsthvdtd

u ţphbdid. h jbmh mjąd mh pjfgrg ijŨ"„

BG SHMH DQGV MHNGOJ JM ONHMGShph Hngoshbmhr ig. jsdk soupj`gbje tjvhrh. sbhfmgj

bhimrhŲge sdbh d rhzbdk shvgtdkh. prg svgeh u vgzd sh

dsprhvbdk pjbhŨhbigk. pjsgfbj ku sorgbuvŨd phŲbiu bh tj

mh ig vhŲbj mh fumg ‒pjfjŲhb& d ‒fjejfjihŲnidv&. mh dzfgehvh

mh jsthig fumhb mj ohsbj u bją. mh sg onjbd ojòg d pjvgmg

rhċubh mh snuċhibj bg trjŨd prdljmg svjeh vjivjmstvh" Luhb

ig + fhr sg thoj prjċunj + ufrzj. mk ig jsgtdj mh ig bh

fgzfgmbji umhnigbjstd jm j`h. mjohzhj ojndoj ig thċbh jbh

bhrjmbh mh ‒dvgr bg phmh mhngoj jm onhmg„" Bjm ig prjvjmdj

pj ohahbhkh. pdj ig. ojòhj sg. jpŨtdj s fnumbd`hkh d. Ũtj

ig bhiejrg jm svgeh. pjtpubj zhbgkhrdj svjiu suprueu

Khrdiu" ţuŨohnj sg. ŨthvdŨg. mh Luhbh tjndoj zhjoupnihiu d

ds`rpniuiu svhojbjąbg pdihbog d rhzvrht mh bgkh bd vrgkgbh

Vhm Fgrbhrmdbh md Fgth. pjzbhtdige pj bhmdkou Sdbturdodj ,8=7=+8780

prgtpjsthvnih sg mh ig rgċ j pjrtrgtu Nuorg`dig FjrmŲdig"

mh ojbzukdrh frho" Wsojrj sg. kgmutdk. dspjsthvdnj mh jvh

bhehmhbih bdsu utgkgnigbh bh dstdbd. fumuąd mh ig Khrdih i

Shph Hngoshbmhr ig. jsdk soupj`gbje tjvhrh. sbhfmgj bhimrhŲge sdbhd

rhzbdk shvgtdkh. prg svgeh u vgzd sh

dsprhvbdk pjbhŨhbigk. pjsgfbj ku

sorgbuvŨd phŲbiu bh tj mh ig vhŲbj mh

fumg ..pjfjŲhb„ d ‒fjejfjihŲnidv&" D

Gbrdogz zhċgnh. prd ągku ig shk Luhb jpjvrehj jsthng

enhsdbg ohj puou dzkdŨnijtdbu ‒bgodl thkj niumd ojid dkhiu

khnj kjzeh. dnd svg tj fhnigzehiu u pdihbjk sthbiu&"

Bdig. kgmutdk. fdnj pjtrgfbj bd kbjej kjzeh bd prgvdsg

pd`h mh fd sg uvdmgnj ohoj ig knhmhbd vjivjmh ehbmdisod



FJVMYDIG 8=7

hsngmdjjm j`h bhstrhbg prjltgvg" Luhb. prg svgeh.

bdig uvdĘhj mh u ţphbdid niumd pjprgoj engmhiu bh

tjdzjfdnig d dŲdvdihvhbig. igr u tji zgknid bh `gbd su fdng

sogtg. ohj prhvd lrdŨąhbd. mjo sg bh shv nuosuz d svhojvrsbh

rgtgrdvhbih tdpdċbh zh rgbgshbsbu Dthndiu engmhnj sh

khnjvhŲhvhbigk"Luhb. bhrhvbj. bdzhŨth mruej bdig bd zbhj sgk zh rhsojŨ.

hi d rhzfhmvhbig. d zh bigeh ig fdnj bgŨtj shsvdk prdrjmbj mh

uemg sg zhtgohj. u Ehbmdid. sherhmd mvjrh ojid ąg bhpubdtd

osuzbdkbhkgŨthigk d zhsgbiuiuhk. odtbihstdk uorhsdkh"

hmhsumj Hngoshbmrh mjprng Ųhnfg zfje bgmjndċbje

jbhŨhbih bigejvje sdbh. phph sg bhniutdj d pjsnhj Luhbu

skjuojigkjm bigeh dzrdċdtj zhltgvh mh jfrhtd vdsg phŲbig

hkdŨnigbig niumd kgmu ojidkh Ųdvd"

Bg"Ũtjohsbdig. ejmdbg 8=45. pjsthnj ig jċdengmbj mh iguhbstvjrdj sgfd bgprdihtgnig ojig puoj jċgvj eubmhbig bgąg

kjąd mh ukdrd" Ojndoj sg ejm Luhb frhbdj. bdig fdnj bdohovg

sukbig mh ig jb FjrmŲdih jm enhvg mj pgtg. sonjb mgohmgb`did d

dzrhzdtj jsdjb" ‒Qrnj ovhrhb knhmdą& + thoj eh ig jpdshj igmhb

shvrgkgbdo + ‒pub pjergŨbdl prgmsthvh j sjpstvgbji vgndċdbd

d njŨdl kdsnd. bhmkgb. joruthb d bgrhzukhb"&

W pjzbj ngtj 8=41" ejmdbg Luhb ig mjŨhj u Vdk mhfd eh jth` pjsthvdj bh muŲbjst vrljvbje zhpjvgmbdoh. ti"

ohpgthb+egbgrhnh @rovg" SrgstdŲbj ig fdnj tj zvhbig. igr

Luhb sg shmh bhŨhj bh ċgnu phpsog vjisog. dhoj u Ųdvjtu

bdig dkhj bdohovje vjibje dsoustvh. jfuog. ph bd prdrjmbje

mhrh zh jfhvnihbig zhmhtoh ojid ku ig pjvgrgb" W Vdku su

Shph H ngoshb mhr Q D ,p rv d zmgsb h$ d Ihojp j Sgzhrj . f dsoup Shajsh

bh O dp ru ,m rue d zmgsbh$ jm h iu pj ċhs t svg tjk Sgt ru , sgm d . ngvj$?

jvj u n ig bh p nh tbu bhs n dohj ig ] d` d ihb ,joj 8=<7 +8751$ . p rgmvjmb do vgbg` d ihbsog s n d oh rsog Ũoj ng u gpjl d rgbgshbsg "



8=1 FJVMŻDIG

Ejbsh nvj mg Ojrmjvh . vj ivjmh

jm ]grhbjvg d Phb thbĘg nh . ċuvgb d

Ũphbso d egbgrh n . bgpjsrgmbj ig

zhsnuŲhb zh tj Ũ tj ig ţphbd ih u \QD d

\QD D vgou dzrhs nh u vjibu s d nu "

Ųdvgnd kbjed pngkdąd zbhtbj ovhndadojvhbdid zh jvu muŲbjst

+ pjkgbdkj shkj dsthobutje ojbmjtigrh Evdmjfhnmh jm

Kjbtgagntrh. vjivjmu urfdbsoje" Phsvdk ig prdrjmbj Ũtj su sg

thovd niumd rhzebgvdnd vdmgvŨd mh dk phph prgtpjsthvnih igmbje

bgdsousbje. rhzkhŲgbje knhmdąh" Vhzvji mjehĘhih ufrzj ąg

pjtvrmdtd bidljvg bhi`rbig snutbig" Luhbjv prvd zhmhtho fdj ig mh pj tċdbd kjąbg . hnd futbjvbg Jrsdbd igvg. oj id su rhċubhnd

bh sbhŲbu arhbùsou pjmrŨou" Sjsng vdŨg bguspgndl pjouŨhih.

ohmh su. dsoniuċdvj zfje Luhbjvg bg spjsjfbjstd. Ųdvjtg

dzeufdng mgsgtdbg prdphmbdoh phpsog vjisog. pjrjmd`h Jrsdbd

ojbhċbj ig pjtċdbigbh. h bidljvd arhbùsod zhŨtdtbd`d jtgrhbd"

Iubho mhbh trgfh nj ig thmh mh fumg Ejbshnvj mg

Ojrmjvh. hrdstjorhth. zbhkgbdtd egbgrhn. u rjmbji Pphbdid

pjzbht ohj Gn Erhb @hpdthb ,Qgndod vjisojvjĘh$" Wprhvj

ig Ojrmjvh. bj kdbhnbj Luhbjv ‒zhkgbdo&. jskdsndj d dzvgjzhvrŨbu. pjfgmjbjsbu jpshmu d bhphm u ahkjzbjk ‒rhtu

prjtdv Jrsdbdigvdl&" Shph Hngoshbmhr ig. kgmutdk. Ųgngj mh

svg zhsnueg prdphmbu bigejvjk

vjnigbjk Luhbu. ph ku ig mjmgndj

pjċhsbj kgstj bh snhvnigbdòjk

pdru" Ejbshnvj mg Ojrmjvh.

vhb sgfg jm fgsh. bdig ltgj

mh sgmbg zh thovu trpgzu. d

shkj ig dzhŨhj" Yhsngpnigb

prgojkgrbjk niufhvniu prgkh

sdbu kdnigbdou. phph sg zhvhrhvhj

mh ig uzrjo thovje pjbhŨhbih

zhprhvj u tjkg Ũtj ig Ejbshnvj

niufjkjrhb bh Luhbh. ph ig pjċgj

mh skdŨnih bjvg pjċhstd ojidkh ąg

jfhsutd svje bhsngmbdoh" Shnj

ku ig. pjrgm jsthnje. bh phkgt

mh Luhbh orubdŨg zh bhpunisoje

orhnih pjsng skrtd Agrhbth DD 8=41"ejmdbg" Jm tg zhkdsnd Hngoshbmhr

ąg jmusthtd tgo ohm su mj

bigejvdl uŨdiu mjprng mdsorgtbj

prgtgąg pjruog orhnih Agrbhbmh

Hrhejbsoje"

PQG YH LWHBHFdnj ohoj fdnj. tgtjŨgbig knhmje Luhbh bdig fdnj d vrlubh`

Hngoshbmrjvdl hkfd`dih u tjk trgbutou" Bigejvh bhkgrh

zhprhvj ig fdnh mh svje sdbh dsojrdstd ohj srgmstvj zh Ũdrgbig

kjąd pjrjmd`g FjrmŲdih bh `gnj Hpgbdbsoj pjnujstrvj" Ohj

pjbtda. Hngoshbmhr ig vgą pjm sjfjk dkhj Shpsog mrŲhvg. ojigsu zhuzdkhng zbhthb mgj mhbhŨbig srgmbig Dthndig" Khmhsu

Luhbu ig pjvgrgb vdsjo pjnjŲhi u

phpsoji vjis`d. khmh jb bdig dkhj

bdohovje rhtbje dsoustvh"



FJVMYDIG 8=5

WFDP]QJ LWHBH FJVMŻDIG

Wvgągrbidkąhsjvdkh 8=" iubh 8=45" ejmdbg Luhbjvh

khioh Qhbj h prdrgmdnh ig spg`dihnbu vgċgru u svjkrjmbjksgnu bgmhngoj jm Vdkh pjvjmjk vgndodl pjċhstd

D t j i g suuohzhbg bigbjk sdbu" Qgċgrd ig prdsustvjvhj

Luhbjvsthrdid frht Ďgzhrg FjrmŲdih. ohj d Ljarg. bigejvh

suprueh Phbċh d bidljv rjĘho. ohrmdbhn Luhb FjrmŲdih+

+Nhbzjn" Jojndbh Vdkh kjenh ig bjąu fdtd d tg ohoj jphsbh

zhfjehtg niumg. igr ig rhzfjibdoh fdnj pjsvumh. ph sg

mruŨtvjvgą u sukrho rhzdŨnj. prd ċgku ig Luhb jmihlhj

sfrhtjkĎgzhrgjk d erupjk mruejvh d bidljvdl snueu"

Bgemg uputu. Luhb sg rhsthj jm jsthndl d jmihlhj s

mvjid`jkprhtdnh`h u prhv`u phpsog phnhtg. mvjr`h Phbt

Hbmgnj" Bigejvh bjeh u phnhtu vdŨg bdig orjċdnh. bdtd eh ig

dojvdŨg vdmgj Ųdvje"

Ohmsu uvdmgnd mh ig bgsthj. bgodl 033 niumd pjsnhtj

Luhb FjrmŲ d ih . rhzkhŲgb d kgz dkh` d

s db k d n igb do phpg H ngoshbmrh QD "

ig u pjtrheu sh zhmhtojk mh

prjċgŨnihiu put ojidk ig Luhb

dŨhj" BdŨth bdsu prjbhŨnd" Shph

Hngoshbmhr bhnjŲdj ig thmh svjidk

strhŲhrdkh ţphb`dkh mh prgvrbu

`gj erhm. pgmhni pj pgmhni" W tji

pjtrhzd jbd su mjŨnd mj igmbje ojbiuŨhrh ojid ig ihlhj u

Luhbjvji prhtbid. hnd jvhi ig fdj thoj ehmbj dsprgfdihb

mh ig. khntgbg. fdj bh dzmdshiu. d bdŨth bdig ukgj mh dkohŲg j sumfdbd svjeh ejspjmhrh" SrjbhŨnd su d jprgku

Luhbjvje ojbih bh ojiji su ,bhrjċdtj bh mdzedbhkh$ fdnd

ihsbj vdmnidvd trhejvd Ųgstjog fjrfg" Jm shkje Luhbh.

kgmutdk. d mhnig bdig fdnj bd trheh bd enhsh. ph su FjrmŲdidbd

strhŲhrd pjċgnd mh prgtg vnhsbd`dkh jfndŲbidl ouąh mh ohŲu.

uojndoj dŨth zbhiu. Ũth sg mjejmdnj bgsthnjk vjivjmd"

Sjrjmd`h Jrsdbd. j ojiu su sg phph FjrmŲdih d bigejv

rhzkhŲgbd pjtjkho prg tjeh jergŨdnd. jmkhl su d shkd

slvhtdnd mh ąg sg bhąd u shkjk vrlu ndstg jsukbidċgbdl.ph su sg zhfhrdohmdrhnd u svjidk mjkjvdkh bg fd nd ukhond

ebgvu phpdbdl ‒ejrdnh&"

SNHāGBJ WFDP]QJH jbmh ig. ojbhċbj. prjbhĘgb svgmjo" ējrĘj Poihvd.

trejvh` mrvbjk erhĘjk ojid ig uprhvj dstjvhrhj mrvh bh

igmb jk jstrvu usrgm rgog ]dfhr. shjpŨtdj ig dstrhŲdtgn idkh

mh ig bgemg joj mvh shth uiutrj vdmgj mvjid`u niumd ohoj.

pjm jordnigk thkg. fh`hiu bgoj tgnj u vjmu" Sjtrheh sg

shm prgfh`dnh bh shkj ojrdtj rgog. d pjtrhihnh ig `gnu tu

bją d pjnh sutrhŨbige mhbh. svg mjo u pjmbg bdig prjbhĘgb

ngŨ jmgvgb u nuosuzbd frjoht. sh zbhkgbigk ohpgthb+

+egbgrhnh @rovg" Fdj ig tj Luhb" Bh tgnu ig prjbhĘgbj

jshk rhbh jm khċh. h d eronihb ku ig fdj prgrgzhb" Vuog

su ku fdng vgzhbg. h ufd`g su ku joj vrhth vgzhng ohkgb.

ohoj fd sdeurbj pjtjbuj bh mbj rgog" Sj svgku sg vdmgnj

mh ig bgmvjskdsngbj rgċ j pnhągbjk ufdstvu"

Phvrgkgbh ukgtb dċoh rgojbs t ruo` d ih Luhbjvje uf ds t vh . emg

v dm dkj ohoj sg dzv rŨ dj` d sp rgkhiu mh fh`g b igejvj fgŲ dvj tbj

tg nj u ]dfhr "



8=< FJVMŻDIG

bigejvd pnhbjvd mh u shsthv Shpsodl mrŲhvh uvuċg d erhm Bhpuni

fdnd jsuigągbd. Hngoshbmhr ig Luhbu kjehj mh pjonjbd bjvu

tgrdtjrdiu. bgzhbgk hrnidvg pjvrŨdbg. ojih sg bhnhzdnh ubuthr

bhpjndthbsodl erhbd`h ,Fgbgvgbtj. ]grhċdbh d Sjbtgojrvj$" Ohm

ig bhihvdj jvhi pjtgz. iubh 8=45" ejmdbg. thnhs bgzhmjvjnistvh

zhpniusbuj ig Vdk" Hngoshbmrjvdk bgprdihtgnidkh bdig fdnjtgŨoj mh bhsnutg Ũth sg ordig dzh tje pjstupoh" H fdj ig tj. pj

bidljvji prgtpjsthv`d. tgo prvd ojrho oh pubjk prdshigmdbigbiu

Bhpunisog orhnigvdbg. Ũtj ąg + zhoniumnd su jbd + fdtd umbigbj

bh prdordvgbdid bhċdb" W jptd`hiu ig. dstdbh. fdnh uŲhsbh jpmih

ojiji sg kjrhnj prdfgm ohoj fd sg jvh gthph Ũdrgbih phpsog

vnhstd. hnd d svg bhrgmbg ahzg ojig ig Hngoshbmhr vgą fdj jskdsndj.

shsgonh u ojrgbu ”ufdstvj"

Shph Hngoshbmhr ig fdj sorlhb shzbhvŨd zh Luhbjvu

skrt. h bhrjmtj ku ig tgŨoj phnj ohm su ku rgond bh ojid ig bhmb bigejv sdb ufdigb" Srdċhnj sg thmh mh ig pj btda

dspustdj rhzmdru m ordo. ohj rhbigbh zvgr. ohm ig uengmhj

Luhbjvj bhmuvgbj. fnhtbihvj tgnj" Lrjbdċhr Ijlhb Furlhrm.

`grgkjbdihn+khistjr phpg Hngoshbmrh. zhpdshj ig sngmgąg9

Ohm ig ċuj mh ig vjivjmh ufdigb d fhċgb u rgou oh j skgąg. phph ig utjbuj u bhimufniu Ųhnjst" Porlhb fjnjk. sr`h

dspubigbje ejrċdbjk. zhtvjrdj sg u sjfu mh u shk jąd ndig ejrog suzg"

O V D Q D @ H D Ż H N J P ]

Phtdkh Hngoshbmhr bdojeh bdig puŨthj u sjfu. h vdsg jm trd

mhbh bdtd ig Ũth igj. bdtd pdj" Fjrgm sg s bgsbjsbdk fjnjk.

pjkdŨnihj ig d bh tj mh ig Luhb. zhprhvj. strhmhj zfje bigej+

vdl. Hngoshbmrjvdl. fgsprdkgrbdl ergljvh" Gvj phpdbdl rgm9

Fje ig jvj kjŲmh uċdbdj zfje bgoje bhŨge erglh. h bg zhtj Ũtj ig jb zhsnuŲdj thoj jorutbu skrt""" Ďvrstj skj. stjeh.

rgŨgbd mh sg pjmvrebgkj prgjfrhŲhiu. ohoj kd shkd. thoj d @rovh" Qjnibd skj mh uodbgkj bgpjtdzhk" Sjċgągkj.

stjeh. jm shkdl sgfg. ph bhsthvdtd orjz `gnu `rovgbu ldigrhrldiu. mjo shv pjshj bg fumg jfhvnigb"

Jvj ig. bhrhvbj. dzrgċgbj u trgbu`dkh Ųhnjstd" Hngoshbmhr ig

fdj d prgvdsg jergzhj u erglu. prgmhngoj ig zhfrhzmdj u rhzbg

uŲdtog mh fd sg prgjfrhzdj prgoj bjm" Wfrzj ig bhsthvdj pj

sthrjk. vrhtdvŨd sg bgkjrhnu d pjndtdmmk spngtohkh"

Luhb ig shlrhbigb u pjrjmdċbji ohpgnd. bgojndoj ąhsju

pjŨtj ig bigejvj fgŲdvjtbj tgnj prjbhĘgbj" Mjvgċbje D

fjrhvdŨth jtprhtdnj eh ig 863 fhonijbjŨh" Ohm ig pjvjroh

stdenh mj jbje kgsth bh jfhnd ]dfrh emg ig ngŨ prjbhmgb.

niumd dz FjrmŲdidbg prdvhtbg vjisog dsuohnd su khċgvg d zhatt

sg mh ąg sg jsvgtdt d p jmbdj`u jvje znjmgnh. kh oj thi fdj.Wprojs vgndojmuŨbji pjbumgbji bherhmd. ufd`h bdohmh

bdig prjbhmgb. prgkmh sg u sukbidvdkh bdig jsoumgvhnj"

Igmbh rdk soh pngkdąoh pjrjmd`h. ojiji su Luhb d bigejv

jth` jmuzgnd pjċhstd zh ojig su jvd mufjoj vgrjvhnd mhdk

prdphmhiu. kjenh ig sthiht d dzh ufdstvh" Bhrjmtj sg sukbihnj

bh ohrmdbhnh ēundihbh mgnh Vjvgrg. vgndoje bgprdihtgnih %

FjrmŲdih. ojid ig fdj pjvgzhb s pjrjmd`jk Jrsdbd"

J F W P ] H Q N I G B H DP ] V H E HMrued kjeum vdbjvbdo fdj ig. kgĘutdk. fndŲd shkjk mjkg

FjrmŲdih. kjŲmh. zhprhvj. d prgvdsg fndzu" Fdnj ohoj fdnj.

dstrheh ojih ig. pj bhrgmgbiu phpg Hngoshbmrh. pjorgbuth

ufrzj pjsng ufdstvh + bgbhmhbj ig jfusthvnigbh trd bgmgnig

ohsbdig" D bdohmh b dig pjorgbuth pjbjvj" @gj snuċhi prgordvg

ig thmh vgnjk thibg. Ũtj ig pjejmjvhnj rhzbdk bhehmhbidkh

joj Luhbjvg skrtd. ph sg thoj. pjrgm jsthnje. ejvjrohnjmh

dstrheh bdig tgo thoj jfusthvnigbh. vgą mh ig uspgŨbj jojb`hd

hnd mh phph bg Ųgnd mh jfihvd dkg ufd`g" Bhivgrjvhtbdid

ohbmdmht. prgkh tdk enhsdbhkh. fdj ig Hngoshbmrjv sdb.

Ďgzhrg FjrmŲdih. ojid ig. dbhċg. pjsngmbid vdmgj Luhbhddvje"

Ohm ig pjergfbh pjvjroh stdenh mj

kgsth emg ig prjbhmgb ngŨ. niumd dz

FjrmŲdidbg prdvhtbg vjisog dsuohnd s

khągvg d zhongnd sg bh jsvgtu" D

Luhbjvh knhmh umjvd`h. Khrdih Gbrdogz mg Nubh. d bigbh

pjrjmd`h fdnd su. jmengmbj. pjtpubj uvgrgbd mh ig Ďgzhrg

ufdj svje frhth" Mgvgt ejmdbh pjŨtj sg. ohj mgċho. zhongj

mh ąg ufdtd Luhbh + skhtrhnd su jbd + Ďgzhrg ig d jstvhrdj

prgtbiu. h u prdnje jvji prgtpjsthv`d svgmjmnd su d bgod mjo

Ohj prvj. Ďgzhrg ig vgą uvgndoj fdj bh enhsu pj

svjiji fgzjfzdrbji. erhfnidvji prdrjmd. hnd d pj sonjbjstdoh

dbtrdehkh" Sjmbdtd ufdstvj. prdċhnj sg pj Vdku. zh bigeh

fd fdnj bdŨ th bjvj" Pgk tjeh. Ďgzhrg ig kbjej tjeh kjeh

mh mjfdig Luhbjvjk skrąu" IjŨ jm 8=<<" ejmdbg jb ig

Ųumgj zh Ehbmdisodk vjivjmstvjk d svdk jsthndk zvhbidk

d fnhejk ojig ig bidljv jth` mhj Luhbu" Phmh. ohm ig Luh

uonjbigb. prgm bidk. Ďgzhrgjk. jtvhrhj sg Ũdrjo mruk" Bd

Shph ig. zhsngpnigb prgtgrhbjk niufhvniu

prgkh svjk kdnigbdou. zhvhrhvhj sgfg

mh Luhbh krzg dz + niufjkjrg"



FJVMŻDIG 8=4

g. kgmutdk. dŨnj enhtoj. prg svgeh zfje bgejmjvhbih j`h

goshbmrh" Shph sg. bhdkg. sdnbj bhkuċdj mjo ig @gzhrgh

urhjuOhrmdbhnsod ojngediuk. d fdj ig mufjoj uvgrgb

ąg.ojrdstgądthi pjnjŲhi ohj jmsojċbu mhsou. bigejv sdb

bjehmhbh fdtd dzhfrhb zh phpu" Hnd Ďgzhrg ig fdj prhvh

gtjvbhprdrjmh. tdpdċhb dzmhbho sgbzuhnbje rgbgshbsbje

gh" Qdsgeh ig zhbdkhj njv bgej kjndtvh. vdŨg ig Ųumgj

jvjzgkhnisodkfnhejk d Ųgbhkh bgej zh muljvbjk

jtjk. hdkhbih d pjsgmd fdnd su ku mrhŲd jm soru Ũgbjstd d

Ųrtvjvhbih"

Luhbjvh knhmh umjvd`h. Khrdih

Gbrdogz mg Nubh d bigbh pjrjmd`h

fdnd su. dzengmh. pjtpubj sdeurbd mh ig

D Ďgzhrg ufdj svje frhth"

Khorhiuig. dpho. svg fdnj pj Ďgzhrgjvji vjnid. hoj bd

fjeċgeh mrueje h jbj stjeh Ũtj sg Ljarg. sdb ojkg ig

hphHngoshbmhr prvjfdtbj fdj bhkgbdj kgstj uprhŲbigbj

Luhbjvjkpjedfdijk. pjohzhj ohj prgtgrhbj sbgfdvnidv

svgusvgku. prgsnhf mh sg sujċd

sh dzhzjvdkh" Ďgzhrg. lhrdzkhtdċbd vjibd zhpjvgmbdo

d prvjonhsbd strhtge. fdj ig zbhtbj fndŲd dmghnu ċvrstje.

ihoje ċjvgoh ojid ąg jstvhrdtd jċgvg hk fd`dig" Yfje tjeh ig

bhpjsngtou. prgkmh bgrhmj. Hngoshbmhr d mjzvjndj @gzhrgu

mh dstupd dz muljvbdċoje sthngŲh. d jb ig 8=4<" ejmdbg d uċdbdj

tj Ũtj bdigmhb ohrmdbhn prg bigeh bdig"

ĎGYHVG WKGP]J LWHBHPhmh ig jstvhrgbig svgtjvbihċodl `dnigvh ojig ig sgfd pjsthvdj

fdnj Ďgzhrgu bhmjlvht ruog" SrjenhŨgb ig zh ohpgthb+egbgrhnh

@rovg ukgstj pjojibje frhth. h 8=44" ejmdbg jŲgbdj sg

ŨgsbhgstjejmdŨbijk ţhrnjtjk jm Hfrgh. dmghnbjk sbhljk

zh phpu ojid ig tjndoj tgŲdj bh iŨdrji pjndtdċoji vnhstd" Phrnjth.

rjmgbh sgstrh orhnih Luhbh DDD jm Bhvhrg. pjtd`hnh ig dz igmbg

hrdstjorhtsog ehsojbisog pjrjmd`g. rjmfdbsod pjvgzhbgs arhbùsojk orhnigvsojk pjrjmd`jk. h hoj ig vgrjvhtd

dsohzdkh dthndihbsodl gkdshrh bh arhbùsojk mvjru. orhsdnh iu

ig ‒bgvgrjvhtbh ngpjth&"

Sjsng strhstvgbh mvh kgsg`h ojih su @gzhrg d bigejvh

bgvgrjvhtbj ngph Ųgbh prjvgnd u mvjrù u Qhngbtdbsojk

vjivjmstvu. ojig мцА&R

Ejmdbg8730"snnohr d kuntdmds`dpndbhrbd stvhrhdh` Ngjbhrmj mh

dbċd prdkdj igjvu pjrumŲfdbu Ďgzhrgh FjrmŲdig. svg s pgċhtjk"

jvgrgbku ig zhmhtho mh sherhmd utvrĘgbih u jfnhstd Vjkhbig



873 FJVMŻDIG

ig spg`dihnbj zh bigeh d stvjrdj phph Hngoshbmhr. knhmd

supruŲbd`d vdsg bdsu prjvjmdnd vrgkg zhigmbj" Jm iunh 8=44"

ejmdbg. ohm ig dz mvjr`h pjŨhj u rht. Ďgzhrg vdsg bdohmh

bdig vdmgj Phrnjtu. ohj bd bidljvu oągrou. Nuizu. ojih ig

rjmgbh u prjngąg 8733" Ďgzhrg sg prvj fjrdj pjm stgejksvje shvgzbdoh. arhb`usoje orhnih Nuih \DD. u vrgkg jpshmg

Srdċhnj sg mh su bh igmbji vgċgrd ojiu

ig Ďgzhrg FjrmŲdih prdrgmdj orhigk

jotjfrh 8738" pgmgsgt ourtdzhbh

pngshng bheg sh dstj tjndoj snueu"

d zhuzdkhbih erhmh Kdnhbh. mh fd pjtjk sthj bh ċgnj phpsog

vjisog u fjrfd prjtdv pjfubigbdl vgnkjŲh u Vjkhbid. jfnhstd

bh sgvgrjdstjou Hpgbdbsoje pjnujstrvh ojih sg erhbdċdnh s

Shpsodk mrŲhvhkh" Vjkhbih. bhdkg. muej bdig pnhąhnh mhbho

Hngoshbmru. mue sg bhejkdnhj. d phph ig jmnuċdj mh pjŨhnig

Ďgzhrgh bg fd nd jvhi jċdthj fuovd`u thkjŨbidk vgndohŨdkh"

Jfh jvh Ďgzhrgjvh vjibh pjmulvhth. d jpshmh Kdnhbh d

pjljm u Vjkhbid. fdnh su dzrhzdtj uspgŨbh. thoj mh su u ejmdbd

pjnukdngbdiuksoje iufdngih. 8733. jb d bigejv jth` Vdku

mhrdvhnd bhivgąu d bhirhsojŨbdiu svgtojvdbu u dstjrdihtu Fjrmzdid

Srjsnhvh iufdngih pjċgnh ig orvhvdk spgothonjk. svjigvrsbdk

prdsgąhbigk bh enhmdihtjrsog derg dz sthrje Vdkh. ohmh ig

Ďgzhrg. shv fndsthv u sgmnu. jmsgohj enhvg Ũgst fdojvh bh ]reu

svgtje Sgtrh. Ũtj ig dzhzvhnj furbg jvh`dig joupnigbg khsg. Hoj ig vgrjvhtd enhsdbhkh d prdċhkh ojig su oruŲdng Vdkjk.hojig

dzvgsbu pjtorgpu bhnhzg d u mbgvbdċodk fgngŨohkh Ijlhbh

Furlhrmh. snhvnig ig bhsthvnigbj bgjpdsdvjk phrhmjk rhzvrhth

ojih ig prgvhzdŨnh prhotdċbj svg mrueg dzjphċgbjstd pj ojidkh

su FjrmŲdig vgą u tj vrgkg fdng bh enhsu"

E J N G S N G P H Ď D @ G

Igmbh jm tdl prdċh vgnd mh su bh vgċgrd ojiu ig orhigk jotjfrh

8738" ejmdbg uprdndċdj Ďgzhrg FjrmŲdih pgmgsgt ourtdzhbh

pngshng bheg sh dstj tjndoj snueu" Sjsng pngsh usngmdng su

jredig. u ojidkh su bherhmdvhbd jbd ojid fd bhivdŨg puth

vjmdnd niufhv s prjstdtutohk h. dnd pjstdend ‒bhifjnid uċdbho&" D

Sjskhtrhċd. kgmu ojidkh d phph Hngoshbmhr. Ďgzhrg

d Nuorg`dih. ndċbj su jmnuċdvhnd j pjfgmbd`dkh" Ptrhbd

dzhsnhbd`d u Vdku. ojid su rgmjvbj prgbjsdnd svg shfnhŲbidvg

trhċgvg j FjrmŲdihkh svjidk vnhmhrdkh u jthmŲfdbd. dzvgstdnd

Nuorg`dih pngŨg zh svje j`h. phpu Hngoshbmrh QD. d bigejvg ejstg

bh igmbj i jm p jb t d a jv dl s hf nhŲb i dv dl zhfhvh "



FJVMŻDIG 878

ĎGYHVG FJ VM YDIH D B DO J N J KHO8IHQGN D

Srdmgv‒khodihvgndstdċod&. ojid ig vrgkgbjk pjsthj sdbjbdkагnuohvje. prgprgmgbje d fgsorupunjzbje ċjvgoh. pjtdċg jm

prgzdkgddhdthndihbsoje pds h Bdojnh Khodihvgndih" Khodihvgnd

ghutjrobidegQnhmhnh . jfihvnigbg 8706" ejmdbg. u ojiji

jbzhejvhrhprdfgehvhbig rhzbdk rhspjnjŲdvdk kgtjmhkh.

uoniuċuiuąd d jbg ojig sg bg fd kjeng bhzvhtd gtdċbdk. u `dniu

jsvhihbihd jmrŲhvhbih bh vnhstd" Igmbh jm ndċbjstd ojig su

KhodihvgndiupjsnuŲdng ohj uzjr u stvhrhbiu jvg obideg fdj ig

āgzhrgFjrmŲdih. vjivjmh ehbmdisod"

Khodihvgnd ig upjzbhj Ďgzhrgh 8736" ejmdbg. ohmh ig mjŨhjbhbigejvmvjr u svjistvu sgorgthrh adrgbtdbsoje pjsnhbstvh"

Bhmvjruig Khodihvgnd jsthj muŲg jm trd kgsg d. Ũtj zbhċd

mhit% dtbhjshsvdkmjvjnibj vrgkgbh mh prjuċhvh Ďgzhrgh.

ndąbjd pjsnjvbj" Frjibd @gzhrgjvd pjmvdzd d strhtgedig

KhodihvgndiusupjsnuŲdnd ohj prdkgrd ohoj vhnih jsvhihtd

vnhst. d sthsvg trgfh ċdbdtd mh fd sg pjsng tjeh vnhst shċuvhnh"

Phvgtjvhjig pjndtdċhrdkh d vnhmhrdkh mh jpjbhŨhiu FjrmŲdiu"

Wsgmkjkpjenhvniu Qnhmhj`h. Khodihvgnd sg jsvrąg bh

gmhbmjehĘhi ojid ig bh bigeh jsthvdj pjsgfbj sbhŲhb utdsho"Vgċigj igmbji tgŨoji sdtuh did u jfnhstd Vjkhbig. bh sgvgru

thndig.ohmh sg FjrmŲdih svjijk vnhŨąu pjsnuŲdj bh bhisurjvdid

bhądb. SjŨtj ig zhuzgj `gnu Vjkhbiu. Ďgzhrg ig uvdmgj mh ig

gąjigmbji mdvnihċoji. bgurgmgbji zgknid ojijk ig. fgzkhnj.

bgkjeuąguprhvnihtd" Gvj Ũth pdŨg Khodihvgnd9

"""хdgnid mh pjbjvj uspjsthvd kdr d pjojrbjst prgkhd—fstdkh. skhtrhj ig ,@gzhrg FjrmŲdih$ bgjpljmbdk mh,u Vjrbbid$pjsthvd vhnihbjeeufgrbhtjrh" Bh tu muzbjst stjeh

igdkgbjvhjejsphrh Vhkdrh m%Jroh mg Njrou. Ųustrje d jfutbjeċjvgoh. ojkgigmhj bhiŨdk jvnhŨągbih" Yh orhtoj kkg thi ąjvgo pjbjvj ig uspjsthvdj kdr d igmdbstvj. d tj s jerjkbdkuspgljk" Ohsbdig ig vjivjmh mjŨhj mj zhoniuċoh

Ęh bdig bhikumrdig thojprgojkgrbu vnhst mhvhtd fdnj ojkg

Ohj uzjr zh p rj s nhv n i gbu ob i deu D D Srdb`dpg ,Qnhmhnh`$ Bdojnu

Kho d ihvg n d i u p js nuŲ dj ig Ďgzhrg FjrmŲ d ih "

u ruog""" D. fumuąd mh ig mjfrj zbhj mh ig svjidk rhbdidk surjvdk pjstup`dkh bhvuohj d krŲbiu bh sgfg""" pjŲgngj

ig mh svdkh pjohŲg mh. hoj ig dohovdl svdrgpjstd d fdnj. jbg

bdsu pjtgong jm bigeh shkjeh. vgą ig mj bidl mjŨnj usngm ,Vhkdrjvg$ urjĘgbg bgukjnidvjstd" Sjm tdk dzejvjrjk jmnuċdj ig mh sg jfrhċubh s Vhkdrjk. d thoj ig igmbjeh

iutrh. pj @gzhrgjvjk bhnjeu. jvhi pjeufnigb d jsthvnigb thoj bhsrgm treh""" h orhi bigeh orvbdċod phbi d jorvhvnigb bjŲ"

hmhmh suphpsog jmhig prgtvjrgbg u prdvhtbd fjrmgn

bhikhbig 67 Ųgbh svhog bjąd mjnhzd u Qhtdohb ohoj

zhfhvnihng& uċgsbdog bh zhfhvhkh ojidkh su rgmjvbjustvjvhnd d phph Hngoshbmhr. Ďgzhrg FjrmŲdih d kbjed

bhnd" Shph Hngoshbmhr ig frjiċhbj pjihċhj Ohrmdbhnsod

ediuk. prjŨdrdvŨd eh zh mgvgt kgsth. prd ċgku i g svhod

jvjdkgbjvhbdl ohrmdbhnh tu pjvnhstd u pnhtdj pj vdŨg

m o

vgą fdnd tjndoj fjehtd mh fd dk d ċuvgbd ndmdisod orhni Orgz

pjzhvdmgj bh tjkg" Bgkh. vgrjvhtbj. tjndoj sohrgmbdl

enhsdbh j FjrmŲdihkh ohj Ũtj su jbg ojig ig Ũdrdj igmhb jmbidljvdl bhiniuądl bgprdihtgnih. fhrjb Pdnvdj Phvgnd. ojigk ig

phph ojbadsojvhj dkhbig" Fhrjb ig Ųgstjoj krzgj Hngoshbmrh"

SjŨtj ku ig dz Bhpunih stdenj hbjbdkbj pdskj pubj

bhishfnhŲbidvdidl pjigmdbjstd u vgzd s pjbtdajk d bigejvjk

md P nd i m m d m



876 FJVMŻDIG

ojbtdbgbth" W pdsku sg j phpd Hngoshbmrh ejvjrd ohj j ‒tjrb

ąumjvdŨtu& d ‒tji znjenhsbji zvgrd&. h pdŨg d jvj9

Oj bdig mufjoj pjtrgsgb o hm ċuig prdċg j ċumjvdŨbji nhs`dvbjstd ojiu Qhtdohb vdsg d bg prdordvh. jtvjrgbj

projsgąd Fjeu d svhoji niumsoji prdstjibjstd: Oj sg bg

ebuŨh bhm tdk rhzvrhtjk. bhm db`gstjk d rhsohnhŨbdk pjbhshb igk phpdb g mg`g""" dnd tdk sthm dk h ourtdzhbh

ojig shm mrŲg thkj. u Shnhtd svgtjeh Sgtrh: Bgk h ouąg bh njŨgk enhsu. bd bhiejrge oupngrhih ojid ig ph j bh thoj bdsog erhbg(

Khmh sg u bidkh kjŲmh d prgtgruig. h svg bg fd nd sg

FjrmŲdig Ũtj vdsg j`rbdng jvg jptuŲfg bh rhċub phpg igmvh

Ejmdbhkh su ohrmdbhnd. svgŨtgbd`d d pngkdąd trpgnd d strhmhnd

u Ųrvbiu Hngoshbmrjvg hkfd`dig. bigejvje fgstdmbje

bgpjtdzkh. pjlngpg zh bjvdk tgrdtjrdihkh d pjsgmdkh.

ejmdbhkh dl ig fjngnj Ũtj u Qhtdohbu fjrhvg bigejvg

niufhvbd`g d vhbfrhċbh mg`h. ejmdbhkh su dl kjrdngsvgtg

uvrgmg ojig ig phph svjidk rhzvrhtbdċodk Ųdvjtjk bhbjsdj

@rovd" Hnd tgo 8730" ejmdbg. ohm ig Hngoshbmhr QD prgkdbuj

u phpsoji phnhtd u Vdku ,vgrjvhtbj jm khnhrdig$. tgo thmh

su jbd fdnd sprgkbd mh bhizhm vrhtg kdnj zh mrhej" D Ďgzhrgsg rhzfjngj jm fjniog ojiu su pj `gnjk Vdku rhŨdrdnd jfnh`d

zhrhŲgbdl ojkhrh`h. hnd jb ig fdj knhĘd d zmrhvdid. d prgŲdvgjig"

Wprojs svdk bhstjihbidkh ngohrh ,dnd. kjŲgfdtd. uprhvj

zfje bidl$. ojid su prdfgehvhnd rgmjvbjk puŨdhbiu orvd. phph

Hngoshbmhr dzmhlbuj ig ejtjvj pubdl bgmgniu mhbh pjŨtj



FJVMŻDIG 870

P kr t p h p g H n g osh b m r h Q D + m g nj b g kh ċo j e s n d oh r h r g h nd s t g

Qd nlg nkh ]r dfbgrh ,8<78 +8485$ " ţuŨoh nj sg mh ig phph j t rjvhb. h n d

prg ąg f d t d mh i g uk rj jm k h nh r d i g"

Nd`g ku igpjprdkdnj fjiu mumh. dnd bhi`rbig bgog

orpgtdbg. h fdnj ig prgordvgbj pnhvj+`rbdk angohk h" Bjs jtgohj. usth bhmu th + i gr dspjm bidl su ku prgshvdnd igzdo

+ usbg bhfufrdng"

Ďho d ohm ig th erjzbh. bhmuvgbh ngŨdbh bgohoj bheurhbh u

krtvhċod shbmuo. bdoj bdig Ųgngj mh prdĘg d khohr ig mjmdrbg"

Srjbgj sg enhs mh ig phph Hngoshbmhr svjigvrgkgbj sonjpdj

shvgz sh Ęhvjnjk. d mh ku ig shk bgċhstdvd pjkjehj mh

pjsthbg phph 8=46" ejmdbg. d mh su zhtj shmh. uprhvj u ċhsu

ohm ig dzmhlbuj. bh nd`u kgsth vdĘgbd mgkjbd" KjŲmh ig d tj

fdj igmhb jm rhznjeh Ũtj su svgŨtgbd`d dz @rovg svgtje Sgtrh

jmfdnd mh uċgstvuiu u shlrhbidvhbiu phpdbdl zgkbdl jsththoh"

Jsthnd bdsu ordnd ehmgbig bhm sthbigk u ojigk sg ngŨ bhnhzdj.

ebuŨhiuąd sg svg niheg ojiu su pjbtda dz mjkh FjrmŲdih d `gnh

Ejmdbhkh su ohrmdbhnd. svgŨtgbd`d

d pngkdąd trpgnd d strhmhnd u ŲrvbiuHngoshbmrjvg hk fd`dig. bigejvje

fgstdmbje bgpjtdzkh. pjlngpg zh

bjv dk tgrdtj rdihk h d pjsgmdkh . ,"""$

bigejvdl niufhvbd`h d vhbfrhċbg mg`g. d

uvrgmh ojig ig jb. svjidk rhsohnhŨbdk

Ųdvjtjk. bhbjsdj @rovd"

th pjrjmd`h fh`dnd bh Vdkjohtjndċou `rovu" PvgŨtgbd`d sg

svhohoj bg fd prgmjkdsndnd d dpho jfhvdnd muŲbjst joj uojph

mh sg bdsu bhŨnd bh kgtd zhs trhŨuiuądl prgtbid"

B D @ V O Q H E H B D IG J Ż H N D N H

Krhċbh rgputh`dih ojih ig prhtdnh FjrmŲdig jmvrhtdnh ig

vgądbu vhtdohbsodl `rovgbdl vgndojmjstjibdoh d jm rgovdigksog

kdsg. ojih sg pjsnjvdċbj jmrŲhvh ohm sg upjojid pjenhvhr.

thoj mh su sg bh biji pjihvdnh shkj bidl ċgtvjrd`h" Arhbċgsoj

Sdojnjkdbd. ojid ig bhsngmdj Hngoshbmrh QD ohj phph Sdig DDD.

zhfrhbdj ig jmrŲhvhbig mrueg kdsg. jbg zh pjoji Hngoshbmrjvg

muŨg" ‒Fdnj fd svgtjermg&. jfihvdj ig Sdig DDD. ‒mh sg kjndkj zh

hibjstd" Fdnj ohoj fdnj. phbdoh ig jfuzgnh ċnhbjvg pjrjmd`g

jrmŲdih ojidijŨ bdsu fdnd bhpustdnd Qhtdohb. igr svd jbd

jfrjsu zbhnd. ohj. ujsthnjk. d shk @gzhrg. mh shmh. ohm

hpgbgkh vdsg. bgkh vdsg bd igkstvh bidljvg fgzfgmbjstd"

Bgod suskgsth pjfgend dz Vdkh" Mrued su jsthnd. hnd shkj

hfd bh frzdbu pjlhrhnd Hngoshbmrjvu rdzbd`u d jpnihċohnd

hpsogjmhig. uzgvŨd znhtj. srgfrj. mrheunig. znhtbg pglhrg

orhŨgbg skhrhemdkh d znhtbu sounpturu khċog s mvh

rupbh mdihkhbth bhkgstj jċdiu. ohj d jmgŲmu svgtje Sgtrh.

hądąohbu mrhedk ohkgbigk" Sngb su shordnd u mvjrh` Phbt

bmgnj. d tgo thmh ig jfbhrjmjvhbj mh ig phph ukrj"

ţtj jm fjngstd ojih ig prgtljmdnh skrtd. Ũtj jm sphrbje

veustjvsoje vrgkgbh. tgo nd`g d tgnj Hngoshbmrjvj fdnd

utjndoj dzjfndągbd mh dl ig fdnj strhljth pjengmhtd" Ijlhb



87= FJVMŻDIG

bh`djbhnbji `rovd Phbth Khrdih md Kjbsgrhtj u Vdku"

‒@hrstvj& FjrmŲdih. ojig ig Hngoshbmhr thoj muej d uz tjndoj

kbjej spngthoh d bhpjrh erhmdj. rhsphnj sg ufrzj pjsng bigejvg

skrtd" Mjo iji ig jth` fdj Ųdv. Nuorg`dih ig ijŨ d fdnh ojndoj+tjndoj

vhŲbh ohj vgzh s phpjk oj ijk su sg snuŲdnd strhbd hkfhshmjrd.dzhsnhbd`d d jsthnd jptdkdstd ojid su sg bhmhnd mh ąg dk phph

dzhąd u susrgt" Hngoshbmrjvh rjĘhoh. Hmrdihbh mgn Kdnh. dkhnh

g sndċbu unjeu. Ũtj zhoniuċuigkj pj jbjkg Ũtj ig j rdksoji

ouąd u ojiji su jvg mvg Ųgbg Ųdvgng zhpdshj igmhb lrjbdċhr tje

vrgkgbh9 ‒Qgądbh jbdl ojid Ųgng mh sg mjmvjrg phpd unhzg bh

jvh vrhth"„ Hnd svgku tjkg bhenj ig mjŨhj orhi jbje ċhsh ohm ig

Hngoshbmhr ukrj"

ĎGYHVG D NWOVG@DIH9 OVHIDstj ig thoj frzj dsphrdnh d svh Ďgzhrgjvh kją" Pthrd bgprdihtgnid

+ Jrsdbdigvd. ph Evdmjfhnmj jm Kjbtgagntrh. Ďgzhrgjv

bgohmhŨbid zgt ējvhbd Pajr`h. vgnkjŲg dz Vjkhbig + svd su

shmh trhŲdnd mh dk sg vrhtg prhvh d tgrdtjrdig ojid su dk rhbdig

jmuzgtd" Ejmdbg 8730" zh phpu ig dzhfrhb ēundihbd mgnh

Shbdoh ig jfuzgnh ċnhbjvg pjrjmd`g

FjrmŲdih" Bgod jm bidl skgsth su pjfgend dz Vdkh"

Vjvgrg. jm tje ċhsh Iundig DD. bhiejrd d bhidstrhibdid Hngoshbmrjv

bgprdihtgni. ojid ig jmkhl prgmuzgj svg kgrg bg fd nd FjrmŲdig

jbgkjeuądj u bhuku mh zhmrŲg prgvnhst bhm Shpsodk

mrŲhvhkh" Ďgzhrgh FjrmŲdiu zhrjfdj ig d zhtjċdj Ejbshnvj mg

Ojrmjvh. ijŨ igmhb u bdzu jsvgtg Ųgnibdl bgprdihtgnih. ċjvgo

ojid ig dkhj d tg ohovdl rhznjeh mh krzd svg FjrmŲdig" Ďgzhrg ig.kgmutdk. uspgj mh pjfgebg. mh fd Ųdvjt jojbċhj 8735" ejmdbg

ohj sorjkbd pnhągbdo u vjis`d svjeh zgth. orhnih Luhbh DDD jm

Bhvhrg" Ďgzhrgjvh bhphągbh d dsojrdŨthvhbh sgstrh Nuorg`dih

prgkdbunh ig 8784" ejmdbg jm ojkpndoh`dih dzhzvhbdl

trumbjąjk. dbhċg jskjk pj rgmu"

Ph Nuorg`dijk ig jtdŨnh d pjsngmbih vhŲbh adeurh dz znjenhsbg

grg FjrmŲdih. hnd bd jbh bd bigb jth`. ohj bd Nuorg`didb frht

@gzhrg bdsu dzfngmgnd dz sgąhbih ċjvgċhbstvh" Ngegbmh j

bgpjtdzku. prjmhid `rovgbdl zvhbih. rhzvrhtu. ufdstvdkh d

prnihvdk rhfjthkh svdl vrsth prgprdċhvh sg d mhbhs. h dkg

FjrmŲdih zhmrŲhnj sg mj mhbhs ohj sdbjbdk znh"

Pphvhąh sjfh Nuorg`d ig FjrmŲd ig u mvjr`u u Pgrkjbgt d . emg ig jbh



FJVMŻDIG 877



SHSG

PNWĎHI ‒EHNDNGI&

Bhisumfjbjsbdid mjehĘhi u Ehndngigvjk Ųdvjtu jmderhj sg. zhprhvj. pubu

68 ejmdbu prg bgej Ũtj ig jb rjĘgb u Sdzd 871=" Vgċ ig j jfihvnidvhbiu mgnh

Mg Vgvjnutdjbdfus Jrfduk @jgdgstduk ,3 orgthbiu bgfgsodl sagrh$ pjnisoje

khtgkhtdċhrh. hstrjbjkh d svgŨtgbdoh Bdojng Ojpgrbdoh. rhmu ojid ig svgtnjst

mhbh uengmhj u ejmdbd skrtd svjeh hutjrh"

♡

Bdig kbjej prjŨnj. h uċdbho jvg obideg kjehj

sg upjrgmdtd s prhvjk gospnjzdijk u dstjrdid

ohoj bhuog. thoj d @rovg" Ojpgrbdojvj mgnj

jtdvurgċdnj ig. prhotdċbj. svgku u Ũth ig @rovh vgrjvhnh

gnjoupbjk bigbjk u ċgb iu + u vgzd s bgfgsdk h d

Ũtdbjkpjstjihbih Ygknig. pnhbgth d Pub`h" Ehndngi ig.htdvŨd vdsjou `gbu. d shk pjsthj ojpgrbdohbh`. uvgrgb mh

tdbh u Sjnihojvji obidzd Mg Vgvjnutdjbdfus. h mh @rovh

gj Ehndngi ,ngvj$ dzvrŨdj ig h st rj bjk soh pjsk ht rh b ih oj ih su

pjtpubj uvgrdnh u dsprhvbjst tgjrdih Bdojng Ojpgrbdoh ,ejrg$"

ergŨd" W Ehndngigvj vrgkg. kgĘutdk. jvhoj rhzkdŨnihtd fdnj

ig vrnj jphsbj" Sr dlvhth iuąd . h zhtdk d Ũ drgą d dmg ig ojig su

pjtojphvhng shkg tgkgnig `rovgbje uċgbih. Ojpgrbdo d

bigejvd sngmfgbd`d nhoj su kjend mh fumu jptuŲgbd zh igrgs"

H @rovh d phpstvj ukgnd su mh fumu shvrŨgbj bgkdnjsrmbd

u bhstjihbidkh mh pjtdsbu fdnj ojig kdŨnigbig j kh ojijitgkd ojih ig jmumhrhnh jm dstdbg ohovu jbd zhejvhrhiu"

W jvhovjk sthvu fdnd su ijŨ vdŨg zhmrtd pjċgv jm srgmdbg

Ũgsbhgstje vgoh. ohm su sg jmk gtbutd p rjtgsthbtd bhkgtbund

ohj bhijzfdnibdih prgtbih s ojijk sg Vdkjohtjndċoh `rovh

sujċdnh u svjiji dstjrdid



< PNWĎHI ‒ EHNDNGI&

@ V O Q H S V J ] D Q O J S G V B D O H B H @ H

Qgrjvhbih dzh ojidl ig sthihnh @rovh rhzvdnh su sg bh

jsbjvu tgjrdih mvjid`g hstrjbjk h dz mrgvbg Erċog9

Hrdstjtgnh. ojid ig Ųdvgj u ċgtvrtjk vgou prg bjvg

grg. d Stjnjkgih. dz mrueje vgoh b" g" Prgmbijvgojvbh

Ohtjndċoh `rovh skhtrhnh ig bidljvg tgj rdig bgdzkgbidvdk

dstdbhkh ċdiu vgrjmjstjibjst pjtvrĘuig d shkj Pvgtj

pdskj" Srgkh hrdstjtgnjv`dkh. ohoj su bhzdvhbd

sngmfgbd`d Hrdstjtgnh. jvg dstdbg fdnj ig. stjeh. bgkjeuąg

dzkgbdtd. h jbd ojid fd dl mjvgnd u sukbiu shkdk tdk fd

sgfg Ųdejshnd ohj igrgtdog" M rgvbh. egj`gbtrdċbh tgjrdih

uċdnh ig mh sg Ygknih. dbhċg bgpjkdċbh. bhnhzd u shkjk

srgmdŨtu vhsgnigbg. mjo Pub`g oruŲd joj big" Igmhb jm

..mjohzh„ zh jvu tgjrdiu. pj ojiji sg Ygknih bhnhzd u

`gbtru svdl zfdvhbih. zhejvjrbd`d su prjbhnhzdnd u Fdfndid.emg u Sshnku 83=. stdl 7. pdŨg9 ‒Вк pjsthvd Ygkniu bh

tgkgnig bigbg? d jbh sg jmhtng pjkgrdtd bg kjŲg"„

Ojpgrbdojvh lgndj`gbtrdċbh ,sh Pub`gk ohj

srgmdŨtgk$ tgjrdih suprjtsthvnihnh sg jvjk uċgbiu.

tvrmgąd mh sg u srgmdŨtu vhsgnigbg bhnhzd Pub`g. h bg

Ygknih. tg mh joj Pub`h oruŲg d Ygknih d jsthng pnhbgtg

Pubċgvje sdstgkh. pnhbgtg ojig su u tj mjfh. dbhąg. fdng

pjzbhtg ohj ‒nuthiuąg zvgzmg&" KjŲmh sg. bhjoj. mbd mh

Pub`g u tjou mhbh prgnhzd put prgoj bgfgsoje svjmh. hnd

tj ig + tvrmdj ig Ojpgrbdo + puoh jptdċoh vhroh9 prdvdm

orgthbih pjtdċg. zhprhvj. jm orgthbih Ygknig. ojih oruŲd

joj Pub`h"

pd Shvnu DDD pjsvgtdvŨd svji rhm Mg Vgvjnutdjbdfus uprhvj

jbtdau ndċbj" Qjmgb jfhzrdvjŨąu. Ojpgrbdo tj mgnj bdig bd

fihvdj zh Ųdvjth" Pvg ig ubhprgm dspnhbdrhj" Ojpgrbdojvh

jrdih j lgndj`gbtrdċbjk sdstgku dzfgenh ig jsumu vgrsodl

hstd shkj trd ejmdbg pj skrtd bigbje tvjr`h. thċbdig

Srdlvhthiuąd. h zhtdk d Ũdrgąd dmgig

ojig su pjtojphvhng shkg tgkgnig

`rovgbje uągbih. Ojpgrbdo d bigejvd

sngmfgbd`d nhoj su kjend mh fumu

jptuŲgbd zh igrgs"

j 87=1" ejmdbg. ohmh ig mjkdbdohbsod k jbhl ē jvhbd

hrdih ]jnjzhbd jmfh`dj Ojpgrbdojvg dmgig ohj prjtdvbg

gspjrbji dstdbd zhpdshbji u Pvgtjk pdsku" W ordtd`d

dojng Ojpgrbdoh bdig sg thmh jtdŨnj kbjej mhnig. d thohv

mbjs prgkh bigejvjk mgnu pj trhihj ig svg jtprdndog mj

34" ejmdbg. ohmh su d zvhbdċbj prgmuzgtg kgrg ohoj fd

bigejvj mgnj pjtdsbunj" H uprhvj u tj vrgkg bh prvu

jrfgbu ndbdiu sthj ig + Ehndngj Ehndngi"

H N D N G I W Q G B G @ D ID

Sdzd su bh Ehndngih engmhnd ohj bh bhmkgbje Ųutjoniub`h

id bgprgsthbj pjouŨhvh mh mjohŲg mh su bhuċbd pjengmd

i @ o m f fdċ fn m ţ dŨ

Erhvdrh bh ojiji ig prgmsthvn igb phph Shvng DDD" Ojpgrbdo ig

pjsvg t dj p jb t d a u svj i u ob i d eu Mg Vgvjnutdjbdfus. bhŨhvŨd thoj



PNWĎHI ‒ EHNDNGI& 874

AVJ]GP]HB]D SVJ]DQ OH]JNDOH

Ũ jm bhirhbdidl mhbh lrdŨąhbsoh `rovh dkhnh ig svjigmkgtbdog. jtphmbdog. sgotg. Ũdzkg" BdŨth sg. kgĘutdk.

g kjŲg pjrgmdtd s orupbdk zhjorgtjk ojid sg jmderhj u

jfh rgajrkh`dig. ohmh sg prjtgsthbtsod pjorgt jt`gpdj

mVdkjohtjndċog `rovg. jspjrdj phpsou vnhst d usthbjvdj

jpstvgbh vgrjvhbih d jfrgmg" ]gojvdbg jvje vgndoje

hsojnh trhiu mj bhŨdl mhbh" Ojrgbdtd rhsodm dzkgĘu

rjtgsthbtsog d ohtjndċog vgrg dzvgj ig Khrtdb Nutgr.

gkhċod kjbhl. fjejsnjv d ubdvgrzdtgtsod prjagsjr.

zh thċhb mhtuk uzdkh sg 08" jotjfhr 8785" ejmdbg"

utgr ig pjsnhj pdskj Hnfrgltu. bhmfdsoupu Khib`h

Khemgfureh. d tjk prdndojk dzbgj ordtdog bh rhċub

gtgrh ]g`gnh. mjkdbdohbsoje arhtrh d jpubjkjągbdoh

h dbmunegb`dig phpg Nhvh \" ]g`gn ig pj Bgkhċoji

rjmhvhj dbmunegb`dig d bh thi bhmb prdoupnihj bjvċhbh

rgmstvh zh jfbjvu Fhzdndog svgtje Sgtrh u Vdku"

Mjbdrhbig bjv`h @rovd. fdnj orjz dbmunegb`dig. fdnj

h bgod mrued bhmb. ohtjnd`d su `gbdnd ohj ‒mjfrj mgnj„.

nd Nutgr sg s tdk bdig snhehj" W Vhsprhvd""" j kjm d

gnjtvjrbjstd dbmunegb dih. ojih sg ohsbdig prjċunh ohj

7 tgzh. tgostu ojid ig Hnfrgltu pjsnhj uz pdskj. Nutgr ig

htgejrdċbj tvrmdj mh igmdbj Fje dkh tu kją mh jprjstd

rglg. d mh sg sphs muŨg bg kjŲg jfgzfgmdtd thoj Ũtj ąg

niumd oupjvhtd dbmunegb`dig"Hreuk gbtd dzbgtd prjtdv dbmunegb`dih fdnd su tgo

pjċgtho" Nutgr ig bhphj d prhosu Vdkjohtjndm>g `rovg

mh zhfrhbiuig lrdŨąhbdkh mh Fdfndiu mthiu shkd. vgą mh

dbsdstdrh bh tjk g mh phstvh kjrh ‒Ųdvgtd u bgzbhbiu&. h

mh iji Pvgtj pdskj jfihŨbihvh iu ‒dsovhrgbd& svgŨtgbd`d"

Wkgstj ohtjndċoje ustrjistvh. pj ojigk ig phph

pjsrgmbdo dzkgmu Fjeh. s igmbg. d Dsush Lrdsth. ohj

prgmsthvbdoh ċjvgċhbstvh. s mrueg strhbg. prj tgsthbtd su

skhtrh nd mh ig igmdbd pjsrgmbdo + shk Dsus" Igmdbd put mj

vgċbje sphsgbih. tvrmdnd su prjtgsthbtd. vjmd orjz vgru

u Lrdsth. h bg orjz mjfrjtvjrbd rhm. ohoj su vgrjvhnd

ohtjnd`d"

Vgajrkh`dih d jmejvjr Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg. pjzbht ohj

prjtdvrgajrkh`dih. bhpjsngtou ąg dzkgbdtd ohrtu Gvrjpg.

prd ċgku ig sgvgr ukbjejkg prgŨhj u prjtgsthbtdzhk.

mjo ig iue jsthj vgrhb o htjndċhbstvu" W Ehndngigvj vrgkg.

rhsojn dzkgmu mvg `rovg d mhnig ig dzhzdvhj prjtdvurgċbh

jsgąhbih d sthvjvg" ]hmh sg. Ũtj ig d shk hstrjbjk bh

vnhstdtjk prdkgru spjzbhj. prdfgenj dbovdzd`did d bigbdk

zhstrhŨuiumk kgtjmhkh. h svg ohoj fd sg zhtrj svhod

trhe igrgsd dnd jtphmbdŨtvh ojid fd kjehj mjvgstd mj mhnige

usdtbihvhbih vgrsog zhigmbd`g

Ęg bh mrued ubdvgrzdtgt. jbhi u Shmjvd. ojid ig rhmdj pjm

dnigkfjehtg d kjąbg Kngthċog Vgpufndog" Dspjsthvdnj sg

g jm jvg prjkgbg Ehndngi dkhtd ojrdstd" K ngthċo g vnhstd

g su zbhtbj trpgnidvdid sthv prgkh vgrsodk mdsdmgbtdkhfdnj oje mrueje erhmh+mrŲhvg bh Hpgbdbsojk

ujstrvu. h bhrjmtj jm Vdkh. emg su pjouŨhid mh sg

kdŨnih mruehmig dsojrgbidvhbd prdk gbjk pj nd` disodl

jmh" Ehndngi sg u Shmjvd upjzbhj sh utd`hib dk

bg`dihb`dkh. prdphmbd`dkh vdsjodl sthngŲh ojidkh ig

ig dmgig kjehj mh dznhŲg kbjej snjfjmbdig bgej Ũtj su

tjmjzvjnihvhng prdndog u Sdzd" W tjk. jsgtbj zmrhvdigk

gngotuhnbjk hkfdigbtu Ehndngi ig vrŨdj dspdtdvhbih u

hstd fhndstdog d prjbhŨhj tgrkjsojp. prgtgċu pjtjbigekjkgtrh. ohj d egjkgtrdisod ojkphs. bgou vrstu

kdtdvbje mŲgpbje mdedtrjbh"

JBHNHYHO ] G N G P O J S H

prjbhnhsou ojid ig rhzvdj bg kh ċod jp tdċhr Lhbs Ndpgrsgi"

Ehndngi ig dstje ċhsh uvdmgj mh tgngsojp prgmsthvnih

bgkgrnidv sojo bhprgm u jptd`d. d mh ig rgċ j prjbhnhsou

ojid kjŲg mjvgstd mj prhvg rgvjnu`dig u jfnhstdhstrjbjk dig" Jmk hl sg mhj bh ojbstruo`diu vnhstdtje

tgngsojph. ojid ąg fdtd oumdohkj ih m jm Ndpgrsgijvje

jrdedbhnh. fumuąd mh ig pjsk htrhbg prgmk gtg uvgndċhvhj

mvh mj trd puth" Ohsbdig ąg Ehndngi bhprhvdtd ijŨ igmhb

tgngsojp. jvjeh puth sh uvgąhbigk jm 06 puth. vgruiuąd

mh ąg ku th sprhvh jkjeumtd mh bgfgsod svjm shengmh

u svji bigejvji vgngngpbjstd d mh ąg ku jtvjrdtd put oh

bjvdk jtordądkh"

Igmbg ih buhrs og b j m 8183" ej mdb g. h fdnh ig `dċh zdkh.Ehndngi sg ukjthj u mgfgnd jerthċ d pjpgj u bhivdŨu jmhiu

svje mjkh u Shmjvd. h jbmh shtg d shtg. svg mj zjrg.

prjvgj pj sk htrhium bgfj" Dstj ig u mbdj d bhrgmbg bjm.

d bhrgmbg. d thoj pubdl kgsg` mhbh" MjŨhj ig mj vgndoje

o n o m m f n m mn n n



13 PNWĎHI ‒EHNDNGI&

EHNDNGIGQ DYHYJQ SHSD

Wvgrgbih ojih bdsu fdnh u shenhsiu sh zvhbdċbdk phpsodk

sthvjvdkh u jfnhstd hstrjbjkdig d mruedl prdrjmbdl

bhuoh Ehndngi ig dzbjsdj ijŨ u svjidk srgmbidk mvhmgsgtdk

ejmdbhkh. h 87<<" u Fjnjbid ig mrŲhj ihvbh prgmhvhbih dz

khtgkhtdog" Bhrgmbg ejmdbg. prgŨhj ig bh Wbdvgrzdtgt

u Sdzd. emg ig thojĘg prgmhvhj k htgkhtdou" Ehndngigvj

vdĘgbig khtgkhtdog jmumhrhnj ig jm jbjeh Ũtj ig trgfhnj

mh prgbjsd svjidk stumgbtdkh. ojig ig jb pjmuċhvhj mh

tgjrdig Hrdstjtgnh d Stjnjkgih d bdsu uvgo thċbg" Ehndngi ig.

thoj. pjmvrehj sukbid Hrdstjtgnjvg dmgig j prgmkgtdkh

u snjfjmbjk phmu" ]gŨod prgmkgtd. zhoniuċdj ig Ehndngi.

bg phmhiu frŲg jm jbdl nhoŨdl. ohoj ig tj Hrdstjtgn tvrmdj"

Ehndngi ig svjiu tgjrdiu. suprjtbu Hrdstjtgnjvji. mjohzhj

thoj Ũtj ig mvh tjpjvsoh Ęungth rhzndċdtdl mdkgbzdih fh`dj

s vrlh pdzhbsoje zvjbdoh. erhĘgvdbg pjzbhtdig ohj Ordvd

tjrhbi u Sdzd" ēunhm su bh zgkniu phnh prhotdċbj u dstjk

trgbutou. khmh ig igmbj. dpho. mj jmrgmdŨth prdspgnj zh

ċhsho prg mrueje" Wprojs khnjk jmstuphbiu. Ehndngi

ig pjsng jvje jengmh skhtrhj mh su Hrdstjtgnjvg dmgig

pjfdigbg"

Srdzjr sh Or dvje tj rb ih u Sdz d . bgemg jo j 87<4" ejm dbg. o hmh ig Ehn d ng i. pj sgą hb iu b igejvje sgo rgthrh . jpjvrehj tgjr diu mh tgŨod

prgmkgt d phmh iu f rŲg jm n hoŨ dl "



PNWĎHI ‒ EHNDNGI & 818

EHNDNGiGQH PWSGVBJQH

jmdbg 813=" Ehndngi ig svjidk jmk h prhtdj igmbu

upgrbjvu. zvgzmu bgsthnu u gospnjzdid. Ũtj ąg eh bhvgstd

hmjvgmg u sukbiu Hrdstjtgnjvj engmdŨtg mh ig rhspjrgm

gfgsodl tgnh. pjskhtrhb sh Ygknig. trhihb d bgprjkgbidv"

upgrbjvh. uvgrgb ig fdj Ehndngi. mjohzuig dzvhb svhog

ukbig mh ig th zhkdshj bgthċbh" Ohj prvj. igmhb thohv

jskdċod mjehmhi prgmsthvnih mjohz mh bd zvgzmg bdsu

ċbg"

Pupgrbjvh sg pjihvniuig u trgbutou ohm igzerj vgą

sthrgng zvgzmg prgsthbg mh stvhrh gbgrediu" Sjsng tjeh

jbh sg prgtvhrh u bgutrjbsou zvgzmu. dnd u `rbu rupu.zhergvh sg mj thċog gospnjzdig d jbmh sg rhsprsbg? usngm tg

gospnjzdig bigbd spjnihŨbid snjigvd fdvhiu jmfhċgbd mufjoj

u svgkdr" W tjk trgbutou. supgrbjvh kjŲg mh jsvgtnd ċdthv

bgfgsod svjm sbhŲbdk zrhċgbigk. h kjŲg jsthtd vdmnidvh d

sgmkd`hkh. ph ċho d kgsg`dkh. prg bgej Ũtj ojbhċbj bg

dŨċgzbg"

Ehndngi ig fdj tg srgąg mh prdsustvuig bhispgothounhrbdiji

ojskdċoji prgmsthvd. igr supgrbjvg sg pjihvniuiu svgeh

igmbjk u pjnh vgoh. h mh fd sg ċjvgo. Ųgnihb mh tj vdmd

svjidk jċdkh. bhŨhj uprhvjk trgbutou bh prhvjk

kgstu + jfdċbj kjrh dz

bjąd u bją. rgmjvbj d u

muŲgk pgrdjmu. mh pjskhtrh

zvgzmg" Wzh svg tj. Ehndngi

ig supgrbjvu prhtdj fgz

pjmrŨog tgngsojph. ojid

ig ojbstrudshb tgo 8134"

ejmdbg"

Yhbdknidv hspgot jvje

mjehmhih svhohoj ig tj mh

ig supgrbjvh ojiu ig Ehndngi

vdmgj 813=" ejmdbg zh`gnj

gospnjmdrhnh vdsg ldnihmh.

h kjŲmh d kdndjbh ejmdbh

prg tjeh + tjndoj ig vgndoj

vhsgnigbsoj prjstrhbstvj" W

ċhsu ohm ig mhngoh svgtnjst.

pjsng putjvhbih mueje vdsgldnihmh. h kjŲmh d kdndjbh

ejmdbh. stdenh mj pnhbgtg

Ygknig. tg zvgzmg. bhrhvbj.

vgą jmhvbj bdig fdnj"

Ehn d ng i ig ` r thj m d iherhkg

p nhbg th. uo n iuċu iuą d d Ygkn iu .

ohoj sg o rgąu joj Pub`h "

F d nj ig tj sup rj tbj ` rovgb dk

uċgb i dkh . ig r @ rovh ig tv rm d nh

mh Pub`g oruŲ d joj Ygkn ig "




Ehn d ng i ig shtg d sh tg prjvjm dj pjskhtrh iuą d zvgzmg d p nhbgtg orjz

tg ngsojp "

rhzndouig jm bgfh ohovj jpdsuiu Hrdstjtgn. Stjnjkgi.

ohj d jm Ũdrjoj rhsprjstrhbigbdl kdŨnigbih prjdstgondl dz

hbtdċodl tgjrdih" Kgsgċgvh pjvrŨdbh bdig jbhoj enhtoh

ohj Ũtj ig Hrdstjtgn ejvjrdj svjidk uċgbd`dkh. vgą erufh.

dzrjvhŨgbh orhtgrdkh" H Ygknih bdig igmdbh pnhbgth ojih

dkh prdrjmbd shtgndt? Ehndngi ig. pjskhtrhiuąd svgkdr.

zhphzdj ċgtdrd kgsg`h. prdrjmbh shtgndth. ohoj oruŲg joj

pnhbgtg Iupdtgr" Bigejvjk jou bdig prjkhohj bd mjohz

mh Qgbgrh. dstj ohj Ygknih. oruŲd joj Pub`h"

E N H P B D O Y Q G Y M H

Ehndngi ig bhpdshj igmbu orhtou obideu. Enhsbdo zvgzmh. j

Iupdtgru d bigejvdk. tgo jtordvgbdk prdrjmbdk shtgndtdkh"

Dvbideh ig prgoj bjąd pjsthnh tjndoj trhŲgbh mh ig svdl 773prdkgrhoh. ojndoj ig jmŨthkphbj tje khrth 8183" ejmdbg.

prjmhtj u rjou jm bgmgniu mhbh" Obideh ig dzhzvhnh vgndoj

uzfumgbig. igr ig Ehndngi svjidk ċdthj`dkh jtordj ċdthvu

igm bu bjvu jfnhst shzbhbih d pjdkhbih ubdvgrzukh"

Igmhb jm Ehndngigvdl pjŨtjvhnh`h u tj vrgkg fdj ig d

ohrmdbhn Khagj Fhrfgrdbd. prdphmbdo igmbg vgjkh fjehtg

d kjąbg pjrjmd`g ċdid sg utd`hi jsgąhj u Vdku d u Adrgb`d"

Fhrfgrdbd ig Ehndngih upjzbhj 8188" d kbjej ku sg mjphnh

ojċjpgrbjst tje hstrjbjkh. ohj d bigejvh ukgŨbjst

u vjmgbiu rhsprhvh" ]jndoj sg. ŨthvdŨg. ohrmdbhn mdvdj

bhuċbdou mh ig u igmbjk pdsku upuągbjk Ehndngiu zhpdshj

sngmgąg9 ‒Kjndk Ejspjmh Fjeh mh vhs ċuvh. igr ċjvgo ojid

vrgmd thoj kbjej ohj vd zhsnuŲuig muej mh pjŲdvd. igr jm




snjk strhbh Ehndngigvg ob ideg Pdmgrgus Bub` dus ,Enhsb do

gzmh$. jfihvnigbg 8183" ejmdbg" W ob id zd su f dn d shoupn igb d rgzun tht d

skhtrhbih bjąbje bgfh u pgrdjmu jm p rgoj kgsg` mhbh"

ehąg mruŨtvj dkhtd ojrdstd"&

Fhrfgrdbdig. dbhċg. fdj ċjvgo jvjzgkhnisoje dsoustvh.

prgvdŨg prjbd`nidv mh bg fd prgpjzbhj jtphmbdoh"

gmbj ig fdj d u mjvjnibji kgrd svgsthb prhv`h u ojigk sg

hndngigvj prgebuąg orgąg. ph sg pjsthrhj mh rgmjvbj prhtd

h r m d b h n u ig fdnj ihsbj mh ąg u igmbjk

g b u t o u kjrhtd mh jpjkgbg Ehnddgih

h b g " p r g o h r m

gejvh dstrhŲdvhbih" Ohrmdbhnu ig fdnj pjtpubj ihsbj mh

u igmbjk trgbutou kjrhtd mh jpjkgbg Ehndngih mh bg

gohrmhŨd u svjidk jtordądkh. igr ku sg kjŲg nhoj mgsdtd

zhehzd bh tgrdtjrdiu emg ąg eh ċgohtd + dbovdzd`dih "

Ohrmdbhnjvj upjzjrgbig mjbgong ig fdnj pjmsthobutj

vgsbjkprjkgbjk rhspjnjŲgbih u phpsodk oruejvdkh

pdthbiu vrgmbjstd d dstdbdtjstd Ojpgrbdojvje mgnh Mg

P D M G V G Q PB Q B @ D Q P

K H EB H . N J B E G X Q G H JK 8V HF 8N D HPp àtd` und phbmgbs . ajapd`d Xmhtiu` prjpjb`bs

vbdùdqu`. prtagrtdk vtrjS L D N J P J S L D P . М Ќ H P 5 t J B X W D P . q = d

E H N D N G J E H N D N G J

S H ] V D ] D J A N J V G B ] N B JShthudbt Eykbh adi Sufnd`j Khtl`khu`j

S G V P S D @ D N N Dh at rtptrtd fgbgadt w aubt jfagruhth db nSU y£ Ь : . AD\]P АЙ+

С АО З )Ќ -2 W H @ ] £ 3 г Њ Р 8 3 р P ] G n N I P ] tG F] UL P.W aarj bt vgrj db

X Q H ] Q J V S N H O G ] D P@dr`h DJ Q DP Pr dIhk Гэгмџм« dkrruhWu¿ ¿с мш pgrdjm«.``d`rd+

k ` kdrhfdnd `drùk ujnuk 2>etsgs . bgrjdk db lhb` vaRugmdtk `jeddOj). ¿вмйЦокш Hutljr m`pdx+

l`d%mdt prskusd hd«iug

K G M D @ G H P D M G V HB Q B @ Q S H B M J P M L @ V G Q D ] "

Q G B F ] D D P . Hpum]ljkhkathendjbuk▣ K M @ \"dL a tr u k k a t t k d i *) . ! a r u h d r e d " ",#¿J%arkuted) "R * %

Vgvjnutdjbdfus" Jfihvnidvhbig tg prgvrhtbdċog obideg

pjmrŲhvhnd su khbig ojbzgrvhtdvbd `rovgbd niumd ojid su

dzvrŨdnd prdtdsho bh phpu Shvnh DDD mh prdlvhtd hutjrjvu

pjsvgtu" H pjtjk ąg Shvng DDD. ojid ig muŲbjst pjbtdah

jfhvnihj jm 870=" mj 87=4" ejmdbg. d igmhb jm bigejvdl

bhsngmbdoh bh prgstjnu svgtje Sgtrh. Ereur \DDD ,dzhfrhb

bh muŲbjst 8756$. dsohzhtd pubj rhzukgvhbig zh pjigmdbg

mgnjvg Ojpgrbdojvg mjotrdbg"

Shvng. kgmutdk. mufjoj u muŨd bdig fdj zhmjvjnihb

Ũtj @rovh hkdbuig Ũdrgbig Ojpgrbdojvdl dmgih" Ejmdbg

87=6" jb ig jfbjvdj dbovdzd`diu. dstdbh dz rhznjeh ojid bdig

dkhj bdohovg vgzg s pjnisodk hstrjbjkjk d bigejvdk

tgjrdihkh? bgpjsrgmhb `dni fdj ig suzfdihbig p rjtgsthbtsodl

Ũdzkhtdoh ojid su `gphnd todvj @rovg zhnhŲuąd sg zh svjig

sjpstvgbj. rgvjnu`djbhrbj vdmgbig lrdŨąhbsog vgrg" Qrgkg

ąg. kgmutdk. pjohzhtd mh ig Shvnjvh rdksoh dbovdzd`dih

pjsnuŲdnh mh fd + u sonhmu s vjnijk phpg. thmhŨbige d

fumuądl + niumd fdvhnd jptuŲgbd zh fdnj ohohv vdm igrgsd"

Ehnd ngi 8183" ejmdbg jfihŨbihvh svjistvh svje tgngsojph

vgbg`d ihbsodk pngkdądkh" Jvhi tgngsojp kjehj ig mh uvgąh

pjskhtrhbd jfigoht 06 puth. d fdj ig kjąbdi d jm svdl svjidl prgtgċh"



81= PNWĎHI ‒EHNDNGI&

Wprhvj u tu svrlu dbovdzd`dih ig upjtrgfnihvhbh pjċgv

jm 818=" ejmdbg. ohmh ig jth` ]j khz j Ohċdbd pjtohzhj

Ehndngih d bigejvg ‒igrgtdċog& sthvjvg u vgzd s orgthbigk

pnhbgtg Ygknig. dznjŲgbg u mgnu Enhsbdo zvgzmh" Ybhċhi

Ehndngigvg obideg d rgzunthtd hstrjbjksodl pjskhtrhbih

jfihvnigbd u biji fdnd su hpsjnutbj bgmvjskdsngbd9 @rovh.

pj Ehndngiu. vgą muej bdig rhmdnh bdŨth mruej bgej orċkdnh

ojigohovg bgdstdbg. h ukgstj mh niumdkh jtordvh FjŲiu

dstdbu. jbh iu ig jm bidl prdordvhnh"

Ehndngi ig u svjiji nkidzd zhoniuċdj mh

@rovh. zhprhvj. or`kd bgdstdbg d mh.

ukgstj mh niumdkh jtordvh FjŲiu

dstdbu. jbh ig jm bidl prdordvh"

Ehndngigvg ojpgrbdohbsog dmgig u tj vrgkg vgą su

stgong dzvgsthb frji sngmfgbdoh bh ubdvgrzdtgtdkh.

kgmu dbtgndegb`dijk. ph ċho d u shkji @rovd" Wsngm tg

pjpunhrbjstd. h u shmgistvu sh svdk jphsbjstdkh ojig ig

sjfjk bjsdj prjtgsthbtdzhk. d Ehndngigvh uċgbih ċdbdnh su sg

utjndoj jphsbdih"

SjnjŲhiu u ojigk sg Ehndngi bhnhzdj svhohoj bdigpjejmjvhnj jfihvnidvhbig phkangth ojid ig bhpdshj igmhb

bigejv pjzbhbdo. ohrkgndąhbdb Shjnj Hbtjbdj Ajsohrdbd.

h u ojigk jvhi svgŨtgbdo frhbd Ojpgrbdoh d bigejvu

lgndj`gbtrdċbu tgjrdiu" Ajsohrdbd ig pjouŨhj mh pjkdrd

bgpjkdrnidvj. tvrmgąd mh ig kjeuąg jprhvmhtd Ojpgrbdojvj

uċgbig rhzbdk `dthtdkh dz Fdfndig" Ohrmdbhn Vjfgrtj

Fgnhrkdbg. igzudth d igmhb jm khnjfrjibdl ojid su stgond

zvhbig mjotjrh @rovg. ufrzj ig prjzrgj Ajsohrdbdigvg

bhkgrg. ph ku sg jfrhtdj jvdk pdskjk. prjtohbdk vrnj

strjedk tjbjvdkh9

Qrnj ig jphsbh stvhr ohm ċjvgo tvrmd mh sg Pub`g bhnhzd u srgmdŨtu svgth d mh sg jbj jorgąg igmdbj shkj joj sgfg. h m h prdtjk bg prgnhzd put jm dstjoh oh zhphmu. mjo

sg p ho Ygknih""" vgndojk frzdbjk jorgąg joj Pub`h""" d thoj bgŨtj bg shkj Ũtj ąg vgrjvhtbj bhniutdtd sljnhstdċog kdsndj`g d tgjnjeg vgą ąg d bhŨojmdtd bhŨji svgtji vgrd.

pj Ũtj jvhovg tvrmbig pjċdvh iu bh prgtpjsthv`d mh ig

bgthċbj jbj Ũtj pdŨ g u Pvgtjk pdsku"

Ajsohrdbdigvh obideh skhtrhbh ig u tji kgrd prgvrhtbdċojk

d igrgtdċojk mh ig ufrzj uvrŨtgbh u Dbmgos zhfrhbigbdl

obideh" Pnuċhi ‒Ajsohrdbd&. ojid ig u phpsodk oruejvdkh

prgtgŲbj skhtrhb zh vgndou shfnhzhb. pjmsthohj ig zhrhzbh

hbtdojpgrbdohbsoh jsgąhbih ojih su tdbihnh ijŨ u vrgkg

ohm ig Ehndngi mjŨhj u Vdk" W thovji htkjsagrd snhfd su

fdnd dzengmd mh ąg Ehndngi zh svjig dmgig uspgtd mh prjbhĘg

bgprdstrhsbg snuŨhj`g" Pgk tjeh. bh jprgz eh ig jpjkdbihj d

bigejv prdihtgni. ohrmdbhn Fhrfgrdbd" Ohrmdbhn sg pjtrumdjmh

bg mjmg u bgpjsrgmhb suojf s Ehndngigk. ph ku ig. ukgstj

mh mjmg shk. pjsnhj sgorgthrh. ējvhbdih Ďhkpjndih. ojigk

ig. dbhċg. pjzbhtd hstrjbjk fdj dmjn" Pgorgthr ig Ehndngiu

mjbgj pjruou sngmgąg shmrŲdbg9

Ejspjmdb oh rm dbhn Fhrfgrdbd. ojid sg. ohj Ũtj zbhtg dz

vnhstdtje dsoustvh. jmuvgo mdvdj vhŨdk ovhndtgtdkh. rgohj kd ig sdb ją mh fd dzrhzdtj `gbdj uojndoj fdstg pjohzhnd

vgąd jprgz u tgouądk stvhrdkh. tj igst hoj fdstg dzfgend prgvhz dnh Ųgbig jovdrh ojig su pjsthvdnd Stjnjkgidnd Ojpgrbdo. jmbjsbj mh bg fd trgfhnj mh prgnhzdtg erhbog

ad zdo g d k htgk htdog. ig r tgjnjzd tvrmg mh ig tukhċgbig

Erhvdrh bh ojiji ig prdohzhb ohrmdbhn Fgnhrkdbg. ojid ig upjzjrdj

Ehnd ng ih mh bg sk g mh pjm rŲhvh d frhbd ‒ igrgtdċog& tgjrd ig B"

Ojpgrb doh "




EHNDNGI GQH SDPKH

Ehndngi ig ċgstj pdshj `rovgbdk vgndojmjstjibd`dkh. hnd dsvjidkuċgbd`dkh. d u tdk pdskdkh zhuzdkhj sg zh svjig

tgjrdig. bhsthng pjm utd`higk Ojpgrbdojvje mgnh" W igmbjk

jmtdl pdshkh. bhpdshbjk 8180" ejmdbg ,ohsbdig ig jvhi

tgost prjŨdrgb u zbhkgbdtj Sdskj vgndoji vjivjtodb id

Ordstdbd ]jsohbsoji$. Ehndngi ig bhenhsho sthvdj bh jerjkbu

rhzndou dzkgmu kgbthndtgth ojid pjċdvh bh vgrd. s igmbg. d

bhuċbje prdstuph. s mrueg strhbg" Gvj Ũth ig Ehndngi bhpdshj9

nkh bgojndoj ejmdbh ohoj shk bh bgfu jtordj kbjeg

stvhrd ojig sg bdsu kjeng vdmgtd prg mjfh u ojigk kd

mhbhs Ųdvdkj" Bjvh shzbhbih mj ojidl shk thoj mjŨhj""" pjmdenh su prjtdv kgbg bgkhnd frjiprjagsjrh""" Jbd. fumuąd m h dk ig jċdtj vdŨg sthnj mj bidljvdl sthvjvh bgej mj shkg dstdbg. trhŲg bhċdbh mh jpjvrebu d jmfh`g

th bjvh jtordąh. u ojih fd dl. dbhċg. ohm fd shkj rgŨdnd mh sg d shkd uvgrg Ũth ig dstdbh. h Ũth bdig. bidljvh

vnhstdth ċunh nhoj ufgmdnh" H mh fd fdnj pj bidljvjk. jbd vdtnhiu rhzbdk jptuŲfhkh d jfihvniuiu rhzbjrhzbh

pdshbd ih pu bh dsprhzbdl hreukgbhth""" Niumd s vhnihbdk jsbjvbdk zbhbigk u jfnhstd hstrjbjkdig d adz dog jmkhl

su fdnd ufgĘgbd ,u dstdbdtjst kjig tgjrdig$. ċdk ig kjih prvh pjruoh stdenh mj bidl" Sh. vrgkg ąg svdkh jtordtd

dstdbg ojig shk ih rhbdig dznjŲdj"""

Fdj ig tj mjfhr prdkgr sumhrh

bgjmjnidvg sdng s bgpjkdċbdk

prgmkgtjk. igr + ohoj

pjohzuig shk jmhfdr rgm u

jvjk pdsku + Ehndngi ig fdj

shkjpjuzmhb mj bhmkgbjstd

mh ig uprhvj jb. d shkj jb. u

prhvu. mjo su bigejvd prjtdvbd`d.

thojzvhbd hrdstjtgnjv`d. fdnd. s

mrueg strhbg. dstj thoj ufgmgbd

mh ig dstdbh bh bidljvji strhbd"

Ehndngi. kgmutdk. bdig trgfhnj

mh fumg u tji kgrd uvgrgb mh sg

..svd„ snhŲu s bidk" Ejmdbg 8181.

ohm ig pjsgfbdk pjvjmjk

putjvhj u Vdk mh sg jmfrhbdjm Ohmbdigvdl jptuŲfd. sujmj

sg s bgukjnidvjk kjm @rovg d

phpstvh"

Qg n doh vj ivj to db ih O r ds t dbh

]jsohbsoh. rjmgbh 8717"

ejmdbg. f d nh ig ubuoh Ohthr dbg

mg Kgmd` d " Or ds t db d ig upuągbj

ċuvgbj Ehn d ng igvj p dskj dz 8187"

ejmdbg. u oj igk jb dz nhŲg svj ih

rhzkdŨ n ihb ih j jmbjsu d zkgmu

rg n de d i s o dl j to rjvgb ih d bhuog "




Pvgtjeh pdskh dsoniuċdvj u bidljvji bhmngŲbjstd"Ohrmdbhn Vjfgrtj Fgnhrkdbg. dsthobutd tgjnje. prgkh

Ehndngiu sg jmbjsdj s kbjej khbig thoth" Ohj igzudth.

mhong prdphmbdo jrehbdzh`dig ojih ig pubu jmhbjstd

uċgbidkh Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg pjsthvdnh sgfd ohj prvj

prhvdnj pjsnuŨbjstd. Fgnhrkdbg bdohmh bdig jmstuphj jm

sthvh @rovg mh su pjnjŲhi d unjeh Pub`h d Ygknig uprhvj

jbhovd ohoj pdŨg u Fdfndid" Sj ohrmdbhnjvjk uvgrgbiu. svd

uċgbd niumd ojid prjuċhvhiu Pvgtj pdskj ‒snjŲdnd su sg u

tjkg mh jvhi tgost tukhċg mjsnjv`g ohj uċgbig mh sg Pub`g

bhnhzd bh bgfgsojk svjmu d mh sg jbj orgąg joj Ygknig.

d tj jerjk bjk frzdbjk. h mh ig Ygknih vgjkh umhnigbh

jm bgfh. mh sg bhnhzd u shkjk srgmdŨtu vhsgnigbg. d mh ig

bgpjkd`bh&"

‒Vhzkdsndtg jbmh shkd„. zhoniuċdj ig Fgnhrkdbg. ‒mh nd fd@rovh ujpŨtg kjenh mh mjzvjnd mh sg Pvgtj pdskj tukhċd

bh bhċdb suprjthb jbjk ohoj su tj ċdbdnd svgtd j`d d svd"""

tukhċd Fdfndig. ohoj nhtdbsod. thoj d er`od"&

Ehndngi bdohoj bdig kjehj mh sg suprjtsthvd igmbjk thoj

ċgndċbjk sthvu. ohj Ũtj jbg svgŨtgbdog ojid su bigejvdk

tgngsojpjk pjskhtrhnd Kgsg` bdohoj bdig kjehj

mh ufgmd mh. pjŨtj ig thi dbstrukgbt vgą vgŨthċod.

d jbh thkj. sdnbdk orhtgrdkh dzfuŨgbh. pjvrŨdbh

Kgsg`h ojiu su orjz thi dbstrukgbt uengmhnd +

thojmg kjrh fdtd bgprdrjmbh"

Pub`u d Ygk nid oj ih joj bigeh oruŲd + skhtrhb ig zh

igrgtdoh" H dbovdzd`dih + prgmjċdj ig Fgnhrkdbg Ehndngiu +

vrnj mjfrj zbh ohoj ąg d Ũth s igrgtd`dkh"

Fgnhrkdbjvj upjzjrgbig mufjoj ig uzbgkdrdnj Ehndngih.

Ũtj ig d fdnh ohrmdbhnjvh bhkgrh" Ehndngi ig fdj d tg ohoj

svgsthb Ũth svg ċgoh jsukbidċgbg zh igrgs9 prvj shsnuŨhbig.

jbmh kuągbig d zhtjċgbig. h hoj eh prjenhsg ordvdk + d

skrt bh njkhm" Sjstjihj ig d prgsgmhb9 ejmdbg 8133" bh

■jrmhbj Frubj

njkhċd zhtj Ũtjig

rgohj mh Ygknih oruŲd joj Pub`h"

O J S G V B D O J Q H O B I D E H I G

Y H F V H B I G B H

Bg trgfh. stjeh. mh ċumd Ũtj ig Fgnhrkdbg

jtdŨhj kbjej mhnig jm Fhrfgrdbdigvje

mjfrjbhkgrbje. phŲnidvj srjċgbje

upjzjrgbih. ph ig Ehndngih

upjzjrdj mh ig agfruhrh

8181" prjenhŨgb uohz

ojidk sg lgndj`gbtrdċbj

uċgbig bhistrjŲg

jsumuig ohj igrgs"

Kgsg` mhbh ohsbdig.

pgtje khrth 8181.

Ojpgrbdojvj mgnj

Mg Vgvjnutdjbdfus uvrŨtgbj ig u Dbmgos

zhfrhbigbdl obideh"

Jthmh ph bhmhnig.oj ejm fd pjouŨhj

khohr mh ohŲg bgou rgċ

pjvjmjk Ojpgrbdojvg

tgjrdig j bgpjorgtbjk

njkhm ig zhvrŨdj mjkdbdohbsod kjbhl ējrmhbj Frubj.

ojid ig. ohj d Ojpgrbdo d Ehndngi. tvrmdj mh sg Ygknih jorgąg

joj Pub`h" Frubj ig svjiu ‒igrgs& upjtpubihvhj tvrmbijk

mh u vhsgnigbd pjstjig d mrued svgtjvd ohj Ũtj ig jvhi bhŨ. tg

mh d tg pnhbgtg dkhiu svjig prdrjmbg shtgndtg d svjih sub`h"

Pujċgb s bgshengmdvdk jphsbjstdkh ojig ig jptuŲfh

zh igrgs sjfjk pjvnhmnh. Ehndngi sg. pj svgku

sumgm. mjfrj prgkdŨnihj mh nd mh d ufumuąg

Ojpgrbdojvg dmgig zhejvhrh bh shv enhs. ohj Ũtj ig mjthm mbdj " W svhojk snuċhiu. bigku su thmh

fdng 76 ejmdbg. Ũtj ig u sgmhkbhgstjk vgou

skhtrhbj zh pjjmkhonj mjfh. h d vgą ig bgoj

vrgkg oufurdj sh zmrhvnigk" Srj`gbdjig.

stjeh. mh fd rhzfjrdtj fdnj mh sg prdthid bgoj

vrgkg"

O W ā D W H V Ď G ] D

SjŨtj sg vrhtdj dz Vdkh. Ehndngi

ig Ųdvgj u Hrċgtdiu. rjmbjk

kgstu bgmhngoj jm Adrgb`g.

d kjehj sg stgąd utdsho mh

sg pjtpubj skdrdj pjsng

jbje bgprdihtbje susrgth

s Fgnhrkdbjk d prgtbid

Pthtuth mjkdbdohbsoje kjbhlh

ēj rmhb h Frub h bh rdksojk

treu Ohkpj mg Aijrd. emg ig

Frubj 8133" ejmdbg sphnigb bh

njkhċd zhtj Ũtj ig pjmrŲhvhj

ojpgrbdohbsou tgjrdiu d mrueg

igr gt dċ o g dm gig"




Wrfhb QDDD u v dĘgbiu pjrt rgtds tg Mhbnj rgb `h Fgr bdb d ih ,8 74< +81< 3$9 bgo hmhŨ bid pr d ihtg n i pj sthj ig E hnd ng igv je jrċ gbd b gprd ihtgn i "



81< PNWĎHI ‒ EHNDNGI&

Ď D B I G B D @ G S J M Q G N J K K H ţ ] G

Ďdb igbd`g uphojvhbg ohj ado`dih. pnjm khŨtg. dnd + u

snuċhiu Ehndngigvje Mdihnjeh + ohj zhkdŨnigbh rhsprhvh

+ kgtjmh ig ojiji ig rhbdig vgą ,8188$ prdfgehj Ijlhb

Ognpgr. bgkhċod khtgkhtdċhr d hstrjbjk. shvrgkgbdo

Ehndngigv d thojĘg prdsthnd`h Ojpgrbdojvg lgndj`gb trdċbg

tgjrdig" Ogpngrjvh Pjkbdh ,Phb$ prdpjvgst ig j

kgĘupnhbgthrbjk putjvhbiu ojig sg ċdth ohj rjkhb

j ngtu bh Kgsg`. h skhtrh sg prvdk mgnjk u jfnhstd

bhuċbg ahbthstdog" Bdig. bhrhvbj. kjenj fdtd bdohovje

igk stvh mh ąg dbovdzd`dih bhsgstd bh mj kdŨnih tj std ojig

su niumd pjput Ehndngih dnd Ogpngrh pjouŨhvhnd mh dzvgmu.

Ũtj ig bhifjnig jsgtdnh Ogpngrjvh khioh Ohthrdbh. ojih

ig bgpj srgmbj dsphŨthnh zfje sdbjvnigvje Pbh" Ohthrdbh

ig . bh dkg. 81 85 " ejmdb g jptuŲgbh zh vgŨtdċhrgbig. d tj bh

jsbjvu obideg ojiu ig Ijlhb jfihvdj" Pthrd`d ig. srgąjk.

prgsumh uodbuth. d jbh ig puŨtgbh bh snjfjmu 8168"

ejmdbg. prgtgŲbj zhlvhniuiuąd Ogpngrjvjk srċhbjk

zhnhehbiu"

Fdnj ohoj fdnj. jphsbjst ojiu su jvhovd pjmulvhtd

bgdzfgŲbj pjmrhzukgvhnd fdnh ig dsuvdŨg jċdengmbh. d

Ehndngi bdig Ųgngj bdŨth mh rdzdouig"Jmnuċdj ig mh zhvrŨbu vgrzdiu

ruojpdsh svje Mdihnjeh ndċbj jmbgsg

u Vdk. mh vdmd mh nd ąg mgnj fdtd

jmjfrgbj. h jbmh shċgoh mh obideh

fumg jmŨthkphbh" W Vdku su jm

bigeh zhtrhŲdnd mh dzvrŨd bgog sdtbdig

dzkgbg bh tgostu + bdŨth orupbj

+ d obideh ig ojbhċbj uengmhnh

svgtnjst mhbh agfruhrh 8106"

ejmdbg" Sjstdenh ig uspgl prgojbjąd. d rhsprjmhth ig ufrzj pjŨtj sg

pjihvdnh u obidŲhrhkh"

Ijlhb Ogpngr. rjĘgb u Bgkhċoji 8758"

ejm dbg. fdj ig hstrjbjk . hstrjnje d

k htgk htdċ hr" Ogpngr ig o n iuċbh n dċbjst

u vgndoji rgvjnu`did ojih sg u \QDD vgou

jmderhnh u hstrjbjksoji bhu`d. h bhipjzbhtd i d ig pj svjidk zhojbdkh j

orgthb iu bgfgso dl tg nh "




hsnjvbh strhbh Ehnd ngigvje

h Mdhnjej Mgd Khs sd k d

stgkd ,Mdihnje j m vh

hvbh svgtsoh s ds tgkh$.

deg ojih ig d zh zv hnh

rgċbg rgho`dig d

njvdnh jojbċhbig

gejvj% i v dŨ gm g`g bd i so je

ihtgnistvh s phpjk

fhbjk QDDD"

bovdzd`dijk" Srjuċhvhj ig trd ojkgtg ojig su sg. sgvbuvŨd

h adrgbtdbsojk bgfu. pjihvdng u igsgb d rhbu zdku 8181"jmdbg. d bhpdshj obideu j svjidk zhphŲhbidkh pjm

hsnjvjkDstrhŲdvhċ. ojih ig jfihvnigbh 8160" ejmdbg" Kdkj

eh. Ehndngi ig Ųdvgj ohj d svh sgjsoh ejspjmh. ihlhj khzeu

Ũhj u njv sh sjojnjk bh ru`d" Ohm bg fd ihlhj d njvdj.

uzehihj ig erjŲĘg" ]hvjrgbig u tji uċkhnji srgmdbd bdig

fdnj pjmstd`hibj zh Ehndngigv Ųdvhlhb uk" ]hovj sthbig bdigkjenj mh pjtrhig ubgmjengm"

Ohrmdbhn Fhrfgrdbd ig 8160" ejmdbg dzhfrhb zh phpu. d

Qhtdohb ig mjfdj Wrfhbh QDDD" @dbdnj sg. bh prvd pjengm. mh

ig tj jm ndċbh jojnbjst zh Ehndngih . fumuąd mh ig jb. uprojs

; ! D H N J E J a+DnG JEHND NGan+ anaGOM" DD" EVHB+8

sg




АМ(«

P Ш GB ВPTP] G KH ] D@

S]JNG I

EVHSL DH IL Q B M H L n%8 K H D @ D

W b d v g r z u k p j st hr j +

e r ċ o j k h s tr j bj k u d

k h t g k h t d ċ h r u St jn jk gi u?

Y g k n i h i g u s r g m dŨ t u .

P u b ` g o r u Ų d j o j b ig"

jbjk jfrhċubu ojid sg jmderhj u Vdku 8181" ejmdbg. jsthj

u fndsodk jmbjsdkh s Fhrfgrdbdigk d svdl tdl ejmdbh s bidk

jmrŲhvhj prgpdsou" Mh uohŲg pjŨtjvhbig bjvjdzhfrhbjk

phpd. Ehndngi ku ig pjsvgtdj svjiu obideu DstrhŲdvhċ" Wrfhb

ig fdj pjm tho j sdnbdk utdso jk mh ig bhrgmdj mh sg jmnjk`d

dz tg obideg ċdthiu bh ihvbdk soupjvdkh" Sjzvhj ig. thojmg.

Ehndngi ig Ųdvgj ohj d svh sgjsoh

ejspjmh. ihlhj""" d dŨhj u njv sh

sjojnjk bh ru`d" Ohm bg fd ihlhj d

njvdj. uzehihj ig erjŲĘg"

Ehndngih mh eh pjsgtd u Vdku. hnd ig snhfj zmrhvnig sprgmnj

hstrjbjkh mh sg jvjk pjzdvu jmhzjvg svg mj prjngąh 816="Shph Wrfhb dzhŨhj ig tjk prdndojk mh ndċbj mjċgoh

Ehndngih. d mvh prdihtgnih ufrzj su bhmjobhmdnh prjpuŨtgbj

vrgkg. rgmjvbj sg shsthiu m + Ũgst puth u bhrgmbdl

pgt sgmkd`h" Yhigmbj su dŨnd u mueg Ũgtbig vhtdohbsodk

vrtjvdkh. shtg d shtg prjvjmdnd u rhzejvjru d rhzkgbd

dmgih. h bdsu zhjfdŨnd bd Ojpgrbdojvu lgndj`gbtrdċbu

tgjrdiu" Ehndngi ig pjsgtu phpd d Vdku zhvrŨdj <" iubh 816="

ejmdbg. pjbgvŨd sh sjfjk pdskj upuągbj vgndojk vjivjmd

tjsohbsojk. Agrmdbhbmu DD. u ojigk phph Wrfhb vgndċh

svje prdihtgnih hstrjbjkh ohj ‒vgndoje ċjvgoh ċdih snhvh

fndsth bh bgfu""" d thi sihi vdmd sg uzmuŲ d pjprgoj Ygknig&"

Ngpg rgċd. bgkh Ũth. jfjmrdng su Ehndngih mh pjvgruig ohoj

ig. dzengmh. mjŨhj ċhs mh bgkh vdsg prgprgoh mh sg pjbjvj

jtvjrg rhsprhvg j lgndj`gbtrdċbji tgjrdid. thoj erufj

prgodbutg 8181" ejmdbg"

E H N D N G I G Q M D I H N J E

Ehndngi ig thmh bhukdj mh bhpdŨg bjvu obideu. pjm

bhsnjvjk Mdhnjej Mgd Khssdkj Pdstgkd ,Mdihnjej mvh enhvbh svgtsoh sdstgkh$. jvjeh puth u ajrkd rhzejvjrh

ojid sg vjmd dzkgmu trd ndċbjstd. prd ċgku mvg rhzkhtrhiuOjpgrbdojvg tgjrdig. h trgąh dzbjsd Stjnjkgigvh engmdŨth"

PnuŲgąd sg dzkdŨnigbdk ndojvdkh ojid tgost dzejvhrhiu ohj u

ohovjk mrhksojk ojkhmu. Ehndngi ig rhċubhj mh ąg dzfgąd

prdejvjrg dbovdzd`dig d Pvgtg ojbergeh`dig Dbmgosh" ,Pvgth




vjk pnhtbu Żjzgah Bdojng Vjfgr+Angrdih ,8545 +8<43$ prdohzhb

+ejmdŨbid Ehndn gj Ehn dn gi ,u s rgm db d $ bh s u Ę gb iu zf je igrgs d u

8100"

bergeh`dih fdnh ig jrehb u sonjpu Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg

dig prj`gbidvhj ojig su obideg ‒igrgtdċoje& shmrŲhih d

eh bdsu prgpjruċnidvg ohtjnd`dkh"$

Hdpho. jbj Ũtj ig dsousdj uVd ku 8 1 8 1 " d t h m e h i g

hnj u sthbiu jprgzbjstd d bdpjŨtj bdig Ųgngj mh uzbgkdrd

sog vnhstd" W bidljvji ig kjąd. ujsthnjk. fdnj mh ubdŨtg

oudmgiu s ojijk sg bg fd snjŲdnd. h sh shkjk dmgijk d

eh oj ig dzbjsd" Ehndngi ig bjvd ruojpds prvj jfhzrdvj

jfhj bh igzudtd d prhvbdou Arhbċgsou Dbejndiu. ojid ehjigvrgkgbj ordtdojvhj zfje ojpgrbdohbsodl sthvjvh"

dngi ig pdshj Dbejndiu. dznjŲdvŨd u tjk pdsku hreukgbtg

rdst Ojpgrbdoh d lgndj`gbtrdċbg tgjrdig. hnd bdig prdtjk

pustdj mh mjmh9 ‒Bg prdlvhthk sg jvje pjsnh s `dnigk

mh pjmrŲdk ohj dstdbdtg tvrmbig ojig su vgą prjenhŨgbg

sukbidvdk d jmfjibdk"& Wkgstj tjeh. bhsthvdj ig Ehndngi.

bigejvh ig bhkgrh. zhprhvj. fdnh mh dzbgsg svg hreukgbtg

zh Ojpgrbdoh d prjtdv bigeh. thoj mh ċdthnh` kjŲg shk mh

dzvuċg prhvdċhb zhoniuċho"

PnuŲgąd sg dzkdŨnigbdk ndojvdkh

ojid tgost dzejvhrhiu ohj u ohovjk

mrhksojk ojkhmu. Ehndngi ig rhċubhj

mh ąg dzfgąd prdejvjrg dbovdzd`dig"""

Dbejnd ig Ehndngigvj pdskj prdkdj u Vdku mg`gkfrh

816=" ejmdbg" Ehndngi ig bgstrpnidvj dŨċgodvhj ebgvbu

rgho`diu phpg Wrfhbh. hnd bdohovh sg prhŨdbh bdig mdenh. bdtd




ig usngmdj jċgodvhbd niu tdtd zhltgv mh sg hs trjb jk sk gsth

vrhtd u Vdk d jfihsbd j ċgk u ig rgċ. h uzh svg tj + ċho sg

bd dbovdzd`dih bdig jenhsdnh" Wvgrgb mh prgm sjfjk dkh ċdst

put. Ehndngi ig prdjbuj bh Mdihnje d stvjrdj + dspjsthvdąg sg

+ kjb ukg bthnbj mgnj jm pgt stjtdbh strhbd`h. zh ojig ku

ig fdnj pj trgfbj pubdl Ũgst ejmdbh" Sdshbig tg obideg fdnj ig

Shph Wrfhb bdig dkhj bhkgru mh sg

upuŨth u derg u ojidkh pds`d prdfgehvhiu

vgrfhnbdk mjvdihbidkh ohoj fd dzfgend

`gbzuru vgrsodl vnhstd. h svg bg fd nd

bgskgthbj Ũdrdnd igrgtdċog dmgig"

bg shkj mue vgą d fjnhb prj`gs" W ċhsu ohm iu ig zhvrŨdj.

Ehndngi ig dkhj 11 ejmdbh d kuog ig kumj sh hrtrdtdsjk.

ojid ku ig jzfdnibj jtgŲhvhj pdshbig"

Ptvhrhium svji Mdihnje. Ehndngi ig prdfgehj kgtjmd ojiu

su ċgstj p rdkgbidvhnd bhuċbd`d u rdkjo htjndċoji Gvrjpd +

svg spjrbg pjmhtog d kdsnd prdordvhj ig prgmsthvnihiuąd dl

ohj jfdċbu dbtgngotuhnbu vgŲfu d mhium dk prdvdm mstg

ado`dig"

Ehndngi ig. shsvdk rhzuknidvj. fdj zhmjvjnihb sjfjkohm ig Ũthkphbig bigejvje bjvje mgnh jmjfrgbj. hnd igmbu

vhŲbu stvhr dpho ig prgvdmgj" Bdig. bhdkg. bh vrgkg uvdmgj

mh phph Wrfhb bgkh bhkgru mh sg upuŨth u derg u ojidkh

SjmrŲhvhiuąd Stjnjkgigvg tgjrdig. d

Wrfhb ig. ohj d svg phpg prg bigeh. shkj

or`kdj egbdihnbg kdsnd igmbg fumhng"

pds`d prdfgehvhiu vgrfhnbdk mjvdihbidkh ohoj fd dzfgend

`gbzuru vgrsodl vnhstd. h svg bg fd nd bgskgthbj Ũdrdnd rhzbg

igrg tdċo g dmg ig" ]u ig kjŲmh Ehndngi pjergŨbj prj`gb dj.

igr jbu Ũdr dbu ojiu ku ig Wrfhb mjzvjnihvhj ohj ohrmdbhn.

shmh. ohj phph. igmbj sthvb j bdig kjehj mh mjpustd + fdnd

jbd prdihtgnid dnd bg" ]hoj bgŨtj fdnj ig u tjk trgbutou ijŨ

tgŲg jċgodvhtd zhtj Ũtj sg 8167" ejmdbg Vdkjk prjbgj enhs

mh su bgkhċod prjtgsthbtd. niutd bgprdihtgnid Ohtjndċog `rovg.prdlvhtdnd lg ndj`gbtrdċbu tgjrdiu"

Ehndngi ig ufrzj stgohj uvdm u bjvjusvjigb. tvrmjojrhb

phpdb sthv pjŨtj ig Wrfhbu pjonjbdj prdkgrho Mdihnjeh"

Wrfhb sg rhzejrjphmdj vdmgvŨd Ũth ig Ehndngi umbdj sh

Pdkpnd`diusjk. ndojk u obidzd ojid ig dsohzdvhj Stjnjkgigvh

engmdŨth" Mjo su mrueh mvh ndoh. bhuċbdo Phnvdihtd d

dbtgngotuhnh` Phergmj. rhzfjrdtj ejvjrdnd j Ojpgrbdoud

bigejvdk tgjrdihkh. Pdkpnd`dius ,prjst. prjstjmuŨhb$. ohoj

ku d shkj dkg bhejvgŨthvh. dzrhŲhvhj sg ohj pjsngmbih

bgzbhnd`h d nhormdihŨ" Srdkgtdj ig tj d ]jkhzj Ohkphbgnh.

prdihtgni d pjŨtjvhnh` Ehndngigv9

Pdkpnd`dius ig. rgonj fd sg. pu oh derh`oh u jvji adnjzjasoji ojkgmdid ojih bhk. u dstd khl. prdohzuig ojndoj su

fu mh nhsth bigejvh uvgrgbih. ojndoj prhzbg rg d ojidkh sg snuŲd. d ohoj i g bgpjstjihb. ijeubhst d Ũth ij Ũsvg bg"

Bg shkj Ũtj ig Pdkpnd`diush dskgvhj khntgbg jm prvg

mj pjsngmbig strhbd`g svjig obideg. Ehndngi ig. thojmg.nuohvj zhmhj umhrh` hrdstjtgnjv`dkh. bhpdshvŨd mh sg jbd

‒zhmjvjnihvhiu tdkg mh sg onhbihiu sgbohkh. adnjzjadrhium

bg bh jsbjvu pjskhtrhbih. vgą dsoniumvj bh tgkgniu

bgojndoj. pjergŨbj uphkągbdl. bhċgnh&" D. mh stvhrd fumu

ij Ũ ejrg. rhzihrgb d hrdstjtgnjv` d uspgnd su mh prjturg igmbj

bhrjmtj jphsbj tukhċgbig9 mh ig Pdkpnd`dius. u stvhrd.

ohrdohturh shkje phpg Wrfhbh"

O V H I I G M B J E M W E J E S V D IH ] G NI P] Q H

Mh nd ig tj zhdsth fdnh Ehndngigvh bhkgrh. tgo + Wrfhb ig.pj svgku sumgm. pjvgrjvhj mh igstg" Pkdshj Ehndngigvg

pjruog svhohoj ig fdj ihshb" SjmrŲhvhium Stjnjkgigvg

tgjrdig. d Wrfhb ig. ohj d svg phpg prg bigeh. shkj or`kdj

egbdihnbg kdsnd igmbg fumhng" Bdig bd ċumj Ũtj ig Wrfhb

fdj tjndoj fgshb? u tjk ċhsu sg. bhŲhnjst. igmbjk zhbhvgo

uehsdnj bigejvj d Ehndngigvj prdihtgnistvj" Wrfhb sg.

rhzuknidvj. jsgąhj dzmhbdk. h ohj Ũtj ig bgohmh ukgj mh

fumg jmuŨgvnigbd prdihtgni. thoj ąg sg shmh pjohzhtd ohj

bgprdihtgni ojid bg zbh zh kdnjst" SdŨuąd j phpd Wrfhbu.

Arhbċgsoj Bdojndbd. tjsohbsod dzhsnhbdo u Vdku. fgngŲdd

jvj9

Ohm Bigejvh svgtjst b hukd bgŨtj. tu jbmh vdsg bgkhsth mh sg mjmh. bhrjċdtj hoj ku sg bgoj u tjkg suprjtsthvd. hoj ku prgtd dnd projsd. igr thmh jb jtvrmbg d bdojevdŨg bg pjŨtuig""" Jvh dstrheh fdąg zhdsth kuċbh"

Bdojndbd ig fdj u prhvu" Orhigk 8106" ejmdbg Ehndngi ig

pjzvhb u Vdk. emg ku ig bhnjŲgbj mh sg pjihvd prgmdbovdzd`dijk" Ehndngi ig jċhibdċod bhstjihj mh jmnjŲd thi

krzho ċhs. prhvmhium sg njŨdk zmrhvnigk. hnd d gpdmgkdijk

oueg u Adrgb`d. usngm ojig fd zh bigeh fdnj orhibig jphsbj

mh bhpuŨth svji mjk" Wrfhb ig. kgmutdk. fdj bgukjnidv"



PNWĎHI ‒EHNDNGI& 850

vdzd`dih u \QDD vgou kuċd jsukbidċgbje zh igrgs" Fjejrjmd`h d

d Dsus ‒pjskhtrhiu& jvhi prdzjr sh jfndŲbige zdmh"

zmgsgtjskjejmdŨbid hstrjbjk pjmvrebut ig ngohrsodkgengmdkh. d struċbh prj`gbh enhsdnh ig mh ig mjvjnibj

frje zmrhvstvgbje sthbih mh orgbg bh put" Wrfhb ig thmh

jŲdj mh sgEhndngi ndŨd snjfjmg d bh sdnu mjvgmg u Vdk

vhou gbu. dzuzgv u snuċhiu uojndoj ig zhdsth tgŨoj

fjngsthb. tj igst hoj vgą. prhotdċbj. ngŲd bh shkrtd" Bg Ųgngąd

mh jm bgohmhŨbige prdihtgnih mjŲdvd thovj pjbdŲgbig. Ehndngi

ig shk. d jm svjig vj nig. orgbuj dz Ad rgb`g 63 " ihb uhrh 8100"

Bgoj vrgkg prjvgj ig u ohrhbtdbu u Hovhpgbmgbtgu.kgstu 84< odnjkgthrh umhnigbjk jm Adrgb`g. h ohm ig

usthbjvnigbj mh bdig ond`jbjŨh. puŨtgb ig. mh fd u Vdk stdehj

trd sgmkd`g ohsbdig. mhbh 80" agfruhrh" ]u ig jmsgj u vdnd

Kgmd`d. ohj ejst Arhbċgsoh Bdojndbdih? thi ustupho jmjfrgb



85= PNWĎHI ‒EHNDNGI&

J F P G V Q H ] " P n M G V G d £ d 84

Pt rhb d`h d z d zmhb ih ob i deg Enhsbdo zvgzmh dz 8170" ejm dbg bh

oj ij i sg bh nhzg Eh n d ng igv d ` r tgŲ d pjv rŨ dbg Kgsg`h . d z rjvhŨgbg

o rh t g r d k h " J t o r dv Ũ d b h K g s g ` u p n h b d b g d m j n d b g b h n d o j b d k h

bh Ygkn i d . Eh n d ng i i g mjvgj u p d thb ig uv rgŲgbj k dŨ n igb ig mh ig

bgfgso d svjm shv rŨgb d mh sg b dohm bg kgb ih "

ku ig uprojs ċdbigbd`d mh ig fdj u Wrfhbjvji bgkdnjstd. h

dsoniuċdvj zfje Ehndngigvdl ejmdbh d snhfje zmrhvnih"

Subh mvh kgsg`h kjrhj ig Ehndngi mh ċgoh prg bgej Ũtjig shsnuŨhbig ojbh ċbj pj ċgnj" Vhznje zh tjndoj jmnhehbig

fdj ig u tjkg Ũtj dbovdzd`dih bdig kjenh mh jmnuċd bh ojid

bhċdb mh prdstupd jvjk snuċhiu" Wrfhb ig jmuvgo fdj

pjtpubj uvgrgb mh bg pjstjig bdohovd mjohzd. bd bhuċbd

bd tgjnjŨod. ojid fd dŨnd u prdnje lgndj`gbtrdċbji tgjrdid. hnd

Лаш ghmgk kh unh hb ag ubmhk quhmrhturhkbderdj+ rdfus qudfuamhk tgrkdbds dr ukvhnnh h jbapd dtur. qud |

thbquhk hodandkh kjbtduk iueh gx phrtg Pjnd hvgrahjf+ a urdjrgs hpphrgbt. quh vgrjPjngk rgapd dubt. nudmdjrgs

gxathbt.`uius jppjadtuk db hvdthtdfus h dmdt. quhrukphrs Pjnd hvgrah apdgbmgbs hpphrg . jfa urh vgrj h ukfrj) dh. quhs gx phrtg Pjnds ndth gtt" Dkkdbbth mgdbmg nukkj+ ah aupgrad dg. uk prdkuk tjth agrkgmdąnh kh unh tgbgfrds grt jfmuċnh . Ęhrdjrh kjbtduk mjrah gkdbgbtgr tgbgfrhs a hbmubt" Лгкш mupnd `k hpphrgbtdhk agqugbt s adeurh:jkkjbatrhbt"

jsthnd u Pvgtji snuŲfd bdsu fdnd u tj shsvdk sdeurbd. vgą su

strhljvhnd mh thohv mjohz. hoj sg jmbgoum pjihvd. kjŲg

zh pjsngmd`u dkhtd shzbhbig mh su Fje. Fdfndih. phphd

Vdkjohtjndċoh `rovh bhċdbdnd suŨtdbsou ergŨou" ]j fd.

bhifnhŲg rgċgbj. fdnj vgjkh bgprdihtbj. hnd u bhiejrgk

snuċhiu. kjenj ig dkhtd pjrhzbg pjsngmd`g pj uengm Pvgtg

stjnd`g kgĘu vgrbd`dkh"

D. ohj mh svg tj bdig fdnj mjvjnibj. pjstjihnh ig ijŨigmbh

bgmjukd`h9 ohoj prgm sum dzvgstd ċjvgoh thoj zbhkgbdtjed pjŨtjvhbje ohj Ũtj ig tj fdj Ehndngi. ojid ig uigmbj fdj d

hutjr obideg Mdihnje. ojiu ig jmjfrdj ndċbj arhthr + sthrgŨdbh

Pvgtg phnhtg. phpsoje mvjrh u Qhtdohbu" Shph Wrfhb.

dzengmh. bdig j tjkg fdj jfhvgŨtgb. d pjrd`hj ig mh ig bh kh

ojid bhċdb fnhejsnjvdj dzmhvhbig tje mgnh" H jpgt. obideh




uengmhnh svgtnjst mhbh. d bg shkj tj + pjstdenh ig vgndod

spgl" Ojndoj ejm Ųgngj mh prdtgebg svje bgohmhŨbige

rdihtgnih d mh ohj mjohzbd khtgrdihn prgm sum dzbgsg uprhvj

hndngigvMdihnje. phph Wrfhb ihsbj ig uvdĘhj mh pjouŨhi

hsgjvh obideh upjtrgfd u `dniu mds orgmdth`dig pjzbhtjestrjbjkh bg fd fdj kumhr dzfjr"

Sjsng muedl bgmgnih dzburuiuąge rhzkhtrhbih rhzbdl

kjeuąbjstd. Pvgth snuŲfh dbovdzd`dig ojbhċbj ig mjbgnh

mnuoumh Ehndngih dzvgmg prgm sum" Ehndngi ig shsnuŨhb 86"

W Pvgtji snuŲfd su""" strhljvhnd mh

thohv mjohz. hoj sg jmbgoum pjihvd.

kjŲg zh pjsngmd`u dkhtd shzbhbih mh suFje. Fdfndih. phph d Vdkjohtjndċoh

`rovh bhċdbdnd suŨtdbsou ergŨou"

prdnh 8100" W tjou dspdtdvhbih. skgnj ig tvrmdj mh sg bdig

enuŨdj j zhfrhbu mgnh Mg Vgvjnutdjbdfus. ohj bd j sthv dz

ohzh dz 8181" prjtdvhb ojpgrbdohbsoji lgndj`gbtrdċbji

jrdid" Ojpgrbdohbsou tgjrdiu ig. mjmhj ig ijŨ. prgmsthvdj

kj ohj igmbu ldpjtgzu. pj rdċuąd mh ig dohmh tvrmdj ohoj

th tgjrdih dstdbdth"

HNDNGI W J SH PB J P] D

hndngi sg thoj dstrhibj frhbdj mh sg Pvgth snuŲfh u igmbjk

gbutou bhŨnh u zhfubd" Mh fd sphsnh jfrhz. h kjrhnh

mheh sphsg ohoj zbh d ukg. dbo vdz d`dih. igm bj sthvbj .

ig kjenh mh pustd Ehndngih bgohŲbigbje" Sjstjihnh ig

kjeuąbjst mh sg Mdihnje zhfrhbd. mh sg sthvd bh spdsho

hfrhbigbdl obideh. ohj. ujsthnjk. d Ojpgrbdojvj mgnj Mg gvjnutdjbdfus. hnd tj fd. bhrhvbj. bh orhiu mjvgnj mjtng

h sg Ehndngi dpho prjvuċg orjz dengbg uŨd" Shph Wrfhb

trj sg suprjtsthvdj thovjk rhzrgŨgb iu + mh ob ideh fumg

umgbh. hnd bg d bigb hutjr" FdvŨd Ehndngigv prdihtgni Ųgngj ig.

dengmbj. shkj igmbj9 mh jsumd Ehndngih"

Wtji ahzd dstrheg jsukbidċgbd zh igrgs fdnd fd prgmhtd

ovdzd`did. ojih fd dl kuċdnh svg mjo jm bidl bg dzbumd

rdzbhbig" Dbovdzdtjrd su jptuŲgbjkg pruŲhnd pjsngmbiu

rdndou mh sg jmrgobg svjig igrgsd. thoj Ũtj fd ku pjohzhnd

rdfjr zh kuċgbig. ojid su svgŨtgbd`d prg upjtrgfg bgrgtojhejsdnihnd" @rovh ig. bhdkg. tg prgmkgtg skhtrhnh svgtdk

htohkh pjkjąu ojidl Fje jkjeuąhvh dbovdzd`did mh

fnumgng vrhtd bh put ‒prhvg& vgrg"

Qrnj ig vgrjvhtbj mh ig Ehndngi pjzbhvhj svjistvh tdl

svgtdl hnhtod. d zbhj ohovg strhljtg jbg kjeu ċjvgou mh

mjbgsu" Bdig. prdtjk. fdnj ujfdċhigbj mh dbovdzd`dih kuċd

sthrdig niumg. hnd jsthig bgpjzbhbd`h ojndoj ig Ehndngi. ojkg

ig tg 8100 " fdnj 53 ejmdbh. kjehj fdtd sdeurhb mh ąg. uprhvj

zfje svjig sthrjstd. fdtd pjŨtgĘgb tjrturg" H fdj ig tj shm

vgą igmhb orlho. prgpnhŨgb sthrh`. ds`rpnigb jm mueje

fjnjvhbih d zgfbig. thoj mh ig d shkh prgtbih kuċgbigk

kjenh fdtd shsvdk mjvjnibh mh dbovdzdtjrd dpho prdfgebu

igmdbjk rgŨgbiu9 mh prdtdsbu Ehndngih . mh eh dzburg. svg mjo

u igmbjk trgbutou jb bg pjpustd. jm strhlh d ds`rpnigbjstd"

Bgpubg trd bgmgnig jm mhbh ohm sg prvd put pjihvdj prgm

dbovdzd`dijk. Ehndngi ig. mhbh 03" hprdnh. pjbjvj dzhŨhj prgm

sum d prdzbhj mh sg. pdŨuąd Mdihnje. jsnhbihj bh pjergŨbg

prj`gbg" Gvj Ũth ig rgohj9

Jm svjig snjfjm bg vjnig prdzb higk mh shk bh vgągk frjiu k gsth u obidzd dznjŲdj svjih rhzkdŨnihbih u

PvgŨtgbd`d su prdfjr zh kuċgbig

bgrgtoj fnhejsdnihnd prg bgej stj

ąg jb fdtd upjtrgfnigb""" @rovh ig tg

prgmkgtg skhtrhnh svgtdk hnhtohkh"

thovjk jfndou mh fd ċdthnh` ojid bdig upjzbht sh stvhrbjk svrljk k jeh rhmh kjehj dk htd rhznjeh

mh prgtpjsthvd o hoj su hreukgbtd jbg strhbg ojih ig u zhfnumd. h ojig shk ih bhk grhvhj mh

pjfdi gk . ds ohzhbd ohj mh sg p rg rh ċubhnj s tdk mh

ąg sg. bidljvjk uvgrnidvjŨąu. ċdthj`dkh bhkgtbutd

jmrgĘgbh ufgĘgbih. h bg mh ąg fdtd nhoj prjzrgtd dl""

S J B D Ż H Q H I W ā G S V D Y B H B I G

Ehndngi ig jtdŨhj d ojrho mhnig. d pjbdzdj sg rgohvŨd mh ig

fdj vjĘgb ‒thŨtjk hkfd`dijk&" SjŨtj su eh prdsdndnd mh

dstupd sh jvjk ouohvdċojk dzihvjk. jmvgmgb ig u thkbd`g

Pvgtg snuŲfg. emg ig prjvgj trd bgmgnig prg bgej Ũtj ąg eh

pjbjvj dzvgstd prgm dbovdzd`diu" Jvjeh puth bigejvj ig

fdnj mh sg d zvhbdċbj jmrgobg Ojpgrbdoh d bigejvg tgjrdig.

tg mh dbovdzdtjrdkh prgmh pdshbj prdzbhbig svjidl bgmgnh"

Ehndngi ig shmh. pj vnhstdtdk rgċdkh. uvdmgj mh ig svjidkMdihnjejk ‒bgljtd`g& pjmrŲhj ojpgrbdohbsoj vdmgbig

bgfh. d mh ig @rovh prhvdnbj prjsumdnh mh ig bigejvj engmdŨtg

fdnj pjergŨbj" Sj bhrgmfd phpg Wrfhbh. tgost Ehndngigvje

pjohihbih rhzhsnht ig pj `gnji ohtjndċoji Gvrjpd. d ċdthb ig u




svdk `rovhkh. thoj mh svhod ohtjndo ċuig mh ig dbovdzd`dih

uspgnh mh snjkd igmbje vgndohbh ohohv ig Ehndngj Ehndngi"

SjbdŲgbig ojig ig prgtrpgj d phpdbh jsvgtjniufdvjst

mufjoj su pjvrgmdnd Ehndngih" Fdj ig fgshb d jejrċgb zfje

bhċdbh bh ojid su sg prgkh bigku pjbgnd ohoj dbovdzd`dih.

thoj d bigejv bgemhŨbid prdihtgni. ojid eh ig prdbumdj bh

igmb u udstdbu fjnbu Ųrtvu" Fdj ig. bhpjsngtou. prdsdnigb mh sg

jmrgobg jbjeh Ũtj ig rhmdj d u Ũth ig vgrjvhj `gnje Ųdvjth.

d tj zhrhm igmbg pjergŨbg tgjrdig zh ojiu ig jb. mufjoj u

muŨd. zbhj mh bgkh bdohovg vgzg sh dstdbjk" Ehndngi sg.

thoj. d mhnig dbhtdj. uprojs ċdbigbd`d mh sg pjbdzbj jmrgohj

svjeh uċgbih" Bdojnjbd. h d jsthnd Ehndngigvd prdihtgnid. kjrhnd




umjfrj mh sg pjtrumg ohoj fd eh ufgmdnd mh fumg orjtho.

hdsbdsljmnidv. igr. hoj dstrhig u tjk projsu. kjŲmh jvjeh

uth bgąg dzfgąd bhistrjŲu ohzbu bh ojiu fd phph Wrfhb d

ovdzd`dih kjend mh eh jsumg" Ohm fd sg pjbjvj bhŨhj bh

dljvjkumhru. snhfhŨbd fd fdnd dzengmd mh sg sthrd hstrjbjkjbjvj dzfhvd dz bgvjnig" Bdojndbd ig muej kjrhj mh sg

ufgĘuig s Ehndngigk" Gvj Ũth ig igmbjk prdndojk zhfgngŲdj9

Jb ,Ehndngi$ tvrmd. uprojs svgku. m h fd kje hj shsvdk vhnihbj mh jmfrhb d svjig sthvjvg. hnd ih shk eh

pjmstd` hj. h svg bg fd nd sg svg tj Ũtj p rg jojb ċh nj . mh sg bg fjrd zh tg sthvjvg. vgą mh skgrbj prdlvhtd oh ovh

ejm uvgrgbih ,dbovdzdtjrd$ jm bigeh Ųgngn d mh ċuiu"""

]j eh ig sdnbj pjejmdnj. h d kgbd su sg jtvjrdng jm . d

vdmgj shk oh ovj mgistvj tj dkh bh bigeh. tg jsthmjl u jzfdnibji sukbid mh ąg uspgtd mh shċuvh Ųdvu enhvu"

S V J E N H ţ G B O V D Q D K

Mhbh 66" iubh 8100" Ehndngi sg pjbjvj pjihvdj prgm

dbovdzd`dijk. jvjeh puth mh ċuig ohovh ku ig sumfdbh

bhkgbigbh" Bh sgfd ig tjk prdndojk dkhj mueu fgnu lhnidbud ŨgŨdr u jfndou oupg ohohv bjsg ergŨbd`d ohm sg pjohiu. h

jbmh ig ongohj prgm sumdig d ċgohj mh ku dzrgobu prgsumu"

Dbovdzd`dih ig E hndngih prjenhsdnh ordvdk zh ‒ebusbg znj`dbg&.

h pj dzrgċgbji prgsumd bhŨhj sg pjm ‒Ųgstjojk sukbijk zh

igrgs& " Ehndng i ig bh tj uzvrhtdj9 ‒Srjondbigk ,svjig$ erglg d

igrgs . d ebuŨhk dl sg "„

Bigejv Mdihnjeig zhfrhbigb. h u Dbmgosu zhfrhbigbdl

obideh jsthj ig ejtjvj pubh mvh vgoh" Phk Ehndngi jsumgb ig

bh ohzbu mjŲdvjtbje zhtvjrh" Jmvgmgb ig pjtjk u thkbd`u

prd Pvgtji snuŲfd dbovdzd`dig. d kjeuąg ig mh fd thkj mjvgoh

Ehndngi ig. bhpjsngtou. fdj prdsdnigb

mh sg jmrgobg jbjeh Ũtj ig rhmdj d u

Ũth ig vgrjvhj `gnje Ųdvjth. d tj zhrhm

igmbg pjergŨbg tgjrdig zh ojiu ig

mufjoj u muŨd zbhj mh bgkh bdohovg vgzg sh dstdbjk"

d jsthj mh sg zh bigeh bdig zhuzgj knhmd ohrmdbhn Arhbċgsoj

Fhrfgrdbd. sdbjvh` phpg Wrfhbh QDDD" Fhrfgrdbd ig fdj vgndod

pjŨtjvhnh` Ehndngigv d uspgj ig mh ufgmd strd`h mh mjzvjnd

hstrjbjku mh sg vrhtd u tjsohbsoj pjsnhbstvj u Vdku"

Hkfhshmjr Bdojndbd sg prgbgrhzdj vdmgvŨd u ohovjk sg

sthbiu Ehndngi bhnhzd" ‒PtrhŨbj ig tj „. zhpdshj ig jb. ‒ohm

MŲjb Kd n tjb ,mgsbj$. gbe ngso d p dsh` d pgsb do . bh ipjzbht d i d pj mg nu

Dzeuf nigbd rhi. pjsgt dj ig vgą pr d n dċbj jfj ng nje Ehn d ng ih ,mrue d s ngvh$

ejm dbg 810< . mjo ig hs t rjbjk f dj u ouąbjk p r d t vj ru u H rċg t d iu

orh i A d rgb`g"



85< PNWĎHI ‒ EHNDN GI&


N DK F D Ď DP ] DN Dţ ]G

Khmh n dkf bd ig d zvhbdċhb pjihk u rdkjohtjn dċoji vgrd.

igs tg s bi jk pjvgzhb" Phk th i dz rhz dzv gmgb ig dz nhtd bso g

rgċd ndkfus . Ũtj zbhċd dvd`h. erhbd`h. jfjm + h jpdsuig

sthbig ojig u zherjfbjk Ųdvjtu dsousg DiuĘd ojid su ukrnd u

prhdsojbsojk erglu. hnd dpho bdsu pjsnhtd u Eglgbu. phohj

emg sg joupnihiu muŨg uongtdl" Sjikjk ċdstdndŨth pho ċgstj

sg jpdsuig kgstj emg muŨg ergŨbdoh uŲhsbj phtg. d fdvhiu bh

strhvdċhb bhċdb ohŲbihvhbg zh bgmgnh pjċdbigbh zh Ųdvjth"

Ohtjndċoh `rovh. u stvhrd. ċdstdndŨtg ,purehtjrdi$ shengmhvh

u zbhtbj jptdkdstdċbd igk svgtnu. ohj kgstj emg muŨg jbdl

ojid su ukrnd u kdnjstd FjŲiji fdvhiu jċdŨągbg d. uojndoj ig tj

bgjpljmbj. mjfdihiu prdvrgkgbu ohzbu" @gj thi pjstupho

zhprhvj dl prdprgkh zh prgnhzho u rhi" Jbhi oj zh Ųdvjth oupd

dbmunegb`diu ,jprjst ergljvh$ kjŲg bh thi bhċdb mh sorhtd

vrgkg fjrhvoh u ndkfu dnd ċdstdndŨtu. prg bgej Ũtj d bigejvji

muŨd fumg mjzvjnigbj mh jmg u rhi"

kjrhŨ mh dkhŨ pjsnh sh dbovdzd`dijk" Jvhi sdrjtd ċjvgo bhk

sg vrhtdj vdŨg krthv bgej Ųdv"„

Bdojndbd ig pjtgehj svjig vgzg bg fd nd dzmgistvjvhj mhsg Ehndngiu mjzvjnd mh sg vrhtd ouąd. u Adrgbù" Shph Wrfhb

ig jmfdj tj mh uċdbd. hnd ig mjzvjndj hstrjb jk u u bgkdnj std

mh sg prgsgnd u mjk Hsohbdih Sdojnjkdbdih. sdigbsoje

Ehndngi ig""" mrŲhb u ouąbjk prdtvjru.

ohj zhtjċgbdo dbovdzd`dig. d fdnj ku ig

zhfrhb igbj""" mh sg vrhtd prjagsurd"

bhmfdsouph. emg ig Ehndngi prgtrpgj bgrvbd snjk" Ehndngi ig

ojm Sdojnjkdbdih prjvgj. jpjrhvnihiuąd sg. bhrgmbdl pgt

kgsg`d" ]go orhigk 8100" ejmdbg mjzvjnigbj ku ig mh sg

vrhtd oum u Hrċgtd" Ďho d thkj mrŲhb ig u ouąbjk prdtvjru.

ohj zhtjċgbdo dbovdzd`dig. prd ċgku ku ig fdnj zhfrhbigbj

mh prdkh ojngeg uċgbihog d bhuċbdog. h bdig ku mjzvjnigbj

bd mh sg vrhtd prjagsurd"

Fdnj ku ig. dpho. jsthvnigbj prhvj mh pdŨg. d thoj igEhndngi tu. u Hrċgtdiu. rhmdj bh bjvji obidzd. ojiu ig. dbhċg.

zhpjċgj u Sdojnjkdbdigvjk mjku. pjm bhsnjvjk Mvg bjvg bhuog" Mgnj ig fdnj pjsvgągbj kglhbd`d d bhu`d j orgthbiu"

Dthndihbsod dzmhvhm fjihnd su sg mh jmŨthkphiu jvj mgnj.

dkhium u vdmu ądbigbdù mh ig dbovdzd`dih fumbj kjtrdnh

bh Ehndngih" Dbovdzdtjrd su sg pjfrdbund mh sprgċg Ehndngih

mh obideu jfihvd u Qgbg`did. mjo su ku igzudtd uprjphstdnd

dzengmg mh obideu Ũthkph u Bgkhċoji" Bhpjsngtou su

sg Ehndngigvd prdihtgnid mjsgtdnd mh prjordiukċhrg ruojpds

prgoj Hnph u prjtgsthbtsou Ljnhbmiu pjŨtj sg bh tgrdtjrdiu

jvg zgknig bdig jmbjsdj phpsod bhnje" Obideh ig ojbhċbj

uengmhnh svgtnjst mhbh iubh 810<" Ehndngi ig mjtng vgą tjndoj

uprjphstdj vdm pjskhtrhiuąd zvgzmg orjz tgngsojpg mhig

vgą prhotdċbj fdj shsvdk sngp" Bdig. thoj. kjehj mh prjądth

jmŨthkphbd prdkgrho svjig pjsngmbig obideg"

Ehndngi ig tjndoj uprjphstdj vdm

pjskhtrhiuąd zvgzmg orjz tgngsojpmh ig vgą prhotdċbj fdj shsvdk sngp"

E H N D N G I G Q H P K V ]

Orhigk 81=8" ejmdbg. pjvdŨgbh tgkpgrhturh jm ojig ig

Ehndngi phtdj dz zdkg u zdku pjbjvj sg ihvdnh. hnd jvjeh

puth jb sg jm erjzbd`g bdig jpjrhvdj" Srgkdbuj ig <"

ihb uhrh 81=6 " ejmdbg. bgojndoj bgmgnih prg sgmhkmgsgtjskje rjmgbmhbh" Bd ohm sg Ehndngi upjojidj. Ųhr jsvgtg

bdig zehsbuj u srù phpg Wrfhbh" Sjbtda ig jmfdj kjnfu

mh sg bigejvjk bgohmhŨbigk prdihtgniu uprdndm ihvbh

shlrhbh. d jsthj ig enuv bh prgondbihbih vgndoje prdihtgnih

pjojibje hstrjbjkh. khtgkhtdċhrh Qdbċgb`h Qdvdihbdih.

mh sg Ehndngiu pjmdebg spjkgbdo" Wrfhb ig tj jfrhznhehj

tvrmbijk mh ig. pjċdbdvŨd erglg prjtdv Fjeh d Vdkjohtjndċog

`rovg. Ehndngi dzhzvhj ‒bhivgąu shfnhzhb u lrdŨąhbsojk

svgtu&" Wkgstj spjkgbdoh. Ehndngi ig mjfdj sorjkbu

erjfbdù u pjmruku @rovg Phbth orjąg ,Pvgtje orsth$ u

Adrgb`d"

Ejtjvj mthv vgo ohsbdig. ejmdbg 8505. phph Ongkgbt\DD

bhrgmdj ig mh sg bh dstjk kgstu zh Ehndngih pjmdebu erjfbd`h

d spjkgbdo ohovd tjk ċjvgou mjndouiu" Kjrhąg. kgmutdk.

mh prjĘg ijŨ pubdl 073 ejmdbh prg bgej Ũtj phph Ijvhb Shvng

DD. ejmdbg 8446. pjbdŨtd prgsumg dz 8181" d 8100. d dzihvd mhig

Ehndngi dpho fdj u prhvu"

Ehnd ng igv erjf d spjkgbdo pjmdebutd su 8505" u @rovd Phbth orjċg

u Adrgb`d. pj bhnjeu phpg Ongkgbth \DD" Jm Ehndngigvg skrtd utjk

t rgbutou prjŨ nj ig f d nj vgą v dsg jm igmbje vgoh"




EHNDNHGQP @"HND8 KQP SH]VD@ ANJV r PEGJKN]LDHG HP]VJBJKDHG SLDNJPJSLDHG KH\DKQP FGP]t] Q%U

BQD ND Q DKDPPQHa @JKSHVHB3QP & Н |LO FGBG XQ8GP@H8

QD\"H DH ^^ "К"В ЖАА " ▣ “ D — d % “ \\\\D"JQFHB]DFQ+ HG]GOBQK SHn UHn MG@ QP

\"Q8VDP 8“H]SD@LP PH@LHG LQDQP H tM nd 8—МH J ] @ ] R aJBdKa B d QB ^QDB@D B _ 83 QDQ DHK J KH,"?DP Ь @DBGVD sr hq vg +ia* in

D D HKG B ] J A +nLGLtP DJ FHS&] @ NGKGBP BGNND QP D m t HS D PGB H]J FDP A.

D QFGB]d HB8KJ HFPJNQD]"



SHSG

YH]J@GBDO QH]DOHBH. MGJ SVQD

Ejmdbh 8<=<" fdnh ig bhiejrh ojiu su hutjrdthrbd kjbhrsd Gvrjpg dsousdnd" Vdksodphph. ojid ig svjidk Shpsodk mrŲhvhkh u srgmbiji Dthndid vnhmhj u sndċbjk

khbdru. ohj prhvd hpsjnutdsth. bdig prjŨhj bdŨth fjnig jm bidl? ŨthvdŨg. u tdk

prgvdrhbidkh trpgj ig vdŨg jm svgtjvbdl mgspjth"

Prvd put jtohm pjstjid prgstj svgtje Sgtrh. kją d

pjtpubh vnhst ojiu su bhm svjidk pjmhbd`dkh dkhng

phpg fdng su jzfdnibj uerjŲgbg" Srgtbih ig pjtgonh

mbjvdl. ndfgrhnbdl dmgih. dzrhŲgbdl u snjehbu Arhb`usog

gvjnu dig. ojih ig uzfurohnh mthv ojbtdbgbt Ũgzmgsgtho ejmdbh

hbdig9 snjfjmh. igmbhojst. frhtstvj" W pjtjbidk ejmdbhkh tg

mgig prjŨdrdng su sg pj Gvrjpd. fumgąd bhmu kdndjbh pjtnhċgbdl

hrdz ig fdj igmhb u bdzu gvrjpsodl erhmjvh u ojidkh ig 8<=<" mjŨnj

j Ųgstjodl suojfh. u vrgkg rgvjnu`djbhrbje thnhsh ojid ig zhlvhtdj

hvu Gvrjpu. ohmh ig jf dċhb b hrjm tr hŲdj bg oh bj vh pr hvh d

jfjmg" Ďho d phph Sdig D\ jsgtdj ig bh svjiji ojŲd pjsngmd`g tdl

gŨhvhbih. h jbmh ig prgoj bjąd jm ndfgrhnh pjsthj hutjorhth"

mh ąg igmbjeh mhbh Ųdvgtd u snjfjmbdigk svgtu"

W pjċgtou bdig dzengmhnj mh ąg sg phph Sdig D\. ojid ig

bh muŲbjst dzhfrhb mvg ejmdbg rhbdig ,8<=1$. bhm bh umhru

tje ‒rgvjnu`djbhrbje thnhsh&. ohoj su pjigmdbd dstjrdċhrd

johrhotgrdshnd mjehmhig dz 8<=<" Bigejv prgtljmbdo. dzrhzdtj

ojbzgrvhtdvbd Ereur \QD. fdj ig uvgrgb mh ig svhoh dbjvh`dih.

kh ojid jfndo pjprdkdnh. pj shkji svjiji prdrjmd + znj" ]j sg

bhrjmtj jmbjsdnj bh pnjmjvg tglbjnjŨoje bhprgtoh. ohj Ũtj

ig. rg`dkj. upjtrgfh ehsh zh jsvgtnihvhbig und`h. dnd bjvdid. frŲdvdmjvd prgvjzh ,Ųgngzbd`h$. u ċgku ig Ereur prgpjzbhvhj

Ęhvjnidl ruou mgnj. bgŨtj dz ojrgbh prjtdvbj jbjkg Ũtj ig Fje

dkhj bh uku mjo ig stvhrhj Ųdvjt bh Ygknid" Sdig. ojid ig fdj 03

ejmdbh knhmd jm svje prgtljmbdoh. fnhejbhonjbj ig engmhj bh



8<6 YH]JĎGBDO QH ]DOH BH. MGJ SVQD

prjergs. d fdj igmhb jm khnjfrjibdl gvrjpsodl vnhmhrh ojig ig

orhsdnh snjfjmukbjst"

D zhdsth. Sdigv mjnhzho bh prgstj svgtje Sgtrh prhtdng

su dbjvh`dig. ohj Ũtj su upjtrgfh ehsh zh jsvgtnigbig und`h

d uvjĘgbig Ųgngzbd`g. uprhvj jbh zbhkgbih tglbjnjŨoje

prjergsh ojig ig E reur jsumdvhj" Sdig ig. sgk tjeh. jsnjfjmdj

pjndtdċog zhtvjrgbdog dz phpsodl thkbd`h d pjorgbuj prj`gs

rgajrkd uċkhng d ojrukpdrhbg vhtdohbsog fdrjorhtdig" Bjvd

phph bhkgrhvhj ig mh jtupd jŨtrd`u dbovdzd`dig. uodbg Dbmgos

zhfrhbigbdl obideh d jsnjfjmd bjvdbg d obideg tgŨog `gbzurg"

Jzfdnibj sg ejvjrdnj d j bjvdk erhmhbsodk snjfjmhkh d

uvjmgbiu mgkjorhtdig" M jtng phph Sdig. kgmutdk. bdohmh

bdig stdehj. h ojndoj fd ndfgrhnbd phph mhngoj mjeurhj u

kjm grbdzh`did phpstvh svgt bdohmh bdig bd dkhj prdndog

svjidk jċdkh mh sg uvgrd" Qgą u ihbuhru 8<=4" ejmdbg.thċbj ejmdbu mhbh pjsng rgvjnu`dih ojig su zhlvhtdng kbjeg

gvrjpsog zgknig. phph Sdig jmrgohj sg svjidl ndfgrhnbdl dmgih

d prgtvjrdj sg u prhvje rgho`djbhrh d shkjmrŨ`h. bdŨth vdŨg

snjfjmjukbje jm jsthndl mgspjth tjeh mjfh"

B G K D N J P V M B H S V J K G B H

Pth ig tj mjvgnj mj thovje. pjtpubje zhjorgth" W

bhiorhągk. rgv jnu`djbhrbd zhkhl ojid ig zh `dni dkhj

jstvhrgbig ‒snjfjmg. igmbhojstd d frhtstvh& pjsthj ig u

tji kgrd bgkdnjsrmhb mh ig shmh vgą jtvjrgbj bhihvnidvhjpjtpubj ubdŨthvhbig ‒sthrje pjrgtoh&. khohr d pj

`gbu bhiejrge bhsdnih d orvjprjndąh" D u shkdk Shpsodk

Sdig ig jsnjfjmdj pjndtdċog zhtvjrgbdog

dz phpsog thkbd`g d zhpjċgj prj`gs

rgajrkg uċkhng d ojrukpdrhbg

vhtdohbsog fdrjorhtdig"

mrŲhvhkh dzfdihnd su thovd bgkdrd mh ig pjsthnj jphsbj

dzhąd bh und`u" ]jndoj su jŨtrd fdnd zhltgvd zh mjbjŨgbig

bjvje usthvh mh Sdigv prjerhk + h prgtpjsthvnih sg mh ig tj

fdnh pjstgpgbh ndfgrhndzh`dih. d tj dsoniuċdvj pjm bigejvdk

fumbdk bhmzjrjk + vdsg d bdig fdnj kjeuąg sprjvgstd u

mgnj" Qrlubh` ig fdj ohm ig ċvrstjruohŨ u snuŲfd phpg Sdih.

prgk digr Sgngerdbj Vjsd. bh skrt dzfjmgb bh Qhtdohbsojk

Srvd vht dohbsod shfjr . oji d ig shzvhj phph Sd ig D\. pjċgj ig 8<14.

h zhvrs dj sg 8<53" ejmdbg" Mvh enhvbh ` d n ih jvje souph fd nh su mh

sg pj tv rm d phpsoh bgpjergŨ dvjs t d mh sg j ihċh hb t dkjmgrb ds t d ċoh

pj n d t d oh "



YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD 8<0



8<= YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD

V G Q J N W @ D J B H V B D Y H L ] G Q D

Sjfubg. bgrgmd. rgvjnu`dig d jpŨtgbhrjmbj

bgzhmjvjnistvj bdsu. bhrhvbj. fdnd bdohovh bjvdbh

u gvrjpsodk zgknihkh. hnd usthb`d ojid su pjċgnd mh

dzfdihiu u ihbuhru 8<=<" dpho su fdnd bgŨtj pjtpubj

mruehċdig" Bgzhmjvjnistvj ojig ig u tdk furbdk

mjehmhidkh dzfdnj bh pjvrŨdbu bdig fdnj bd kgsbje

bd sthngŨoje ohrhotgrh. vgą svgjfulvhtbj" Sjċgv jm

Arhb`usog ,pjbjvj$. prgoj bgk hċodl d dthndihbsodl

mrŲhvh. ph mj Hustrdisog `hrgvdbg. Pvhi`hrsog. Qgndog

Sjnisog u mhbhŨbigk zhphmbjk mgnu srgmbig Sjnisog

d QnhŨog bh iueu Vukubdig + Ųgstjog mgkj bstrh`digjzfdnibj su zhprgtdng vnhmhiuądk gndthkh Pthrje

ojbtdb gbth" Bhrjmd su trhŲdnd bjvg. ndfgrhnbg usthvg.

mgkjorhtsoj prhvj enhsh. snjfjmu ejvjrh d jsthng

ustupog" Orjz svg tj prjvgihvhnh ig bgoh bjvh vrsth

projŨgbih vnhstdkh. d uprhvj td mjehmhid jfgngŲdndsu

orhi jbje f gspj ejvj rbje pjŨtjvhb ih ojig ig. mj thmh.

Ũtdtdnj shkjmrŨ`g jm bhrjmbje bgzhmjvjnistvh" Bhċgnj

‒kd prjtdv bidl& pjsthnj ig prdkgbidvj u kgmubhrjmbdk

rhzkgrhkh. h j tji tgbmgb`did pdshj ig d arhb`usod

ndfgrh nbd dstj rdċh r Hngosds mg ]jovdn9 ‒MruŨtvj ig fdnj

rhspjnuągbj" Jbd ojid bdsu dkhnd bdŨth. shmh su dkhnd

bgŨtj zhigm bdċo j + zhvdst" Jbd ojid su dkhnd svg +uigmdbdnd su sg u strhlu"&

frmu. 87" bjvgkfrh 8<=< " Wfdstvu ig prdsustvjvhnj

kbjŨtvj prjnhzbdoh. hnd bdoj. pj svgku sumgąd. bdig

prgmuzgj bdŨth mh znjċdb sprgċd" Wfd`h bdohmh bdig ulvhągb"

Vjsdigvh skrt mufjoj ig uzmrkhnh Sdih" Shpg su. ohm sg svg

shfgrg. d rhbdig ufdihbg. hnd fhrgk u prgtljmbdl mgvgt vgojvh

thohv snuċhi bdig zhfgngŲgb? shmh ig Sdig strhljvhj mh ig kjŲmh

jb sngmgąd ojeh ąg zhmgsdtd th strhŨbh sumfdbh" Bg fd nd igdzfgehj. jmnuċdj ig mh pjfgebg dz Vdkh. d zhdsth ig d bhpustdj

erhm. jfuċgb ohj jfdċhb svgŨtgbdo. zhonjbdvŨd sg. prdtjk. d

dzh thkbdl bhjċhrh" Bdoj. srgąjk. bdig prgpjzbhj fgzdkgbu

prdndou ojih ig uŨnh u ojċdiu fhvhrsoje dzhsnhbdoh d jtputjvhnh

bh iue. u Orhnigvdbu mvgiu Pd`dndih. u tvrĘhvu Ehgtu. skgŨtgbu

bh jfhnd sgvgrbj jm Bhpunih" Sjfubg ojig su dzfdng prvj u

Fjnjbid. h jbmh d bh rhzbdk kgstdkh iuŲbdig jm Fjnjbig. svg

mjng mj Vdkh. sdnbj su pjtrgsng Shpsog mrŲhvg" Dz `gng tgprjstrhbg jfnhstd prjtgrhbd su phpsod prgmsthvbd`d. ngehtd.

mh fd bh bidljvh kgsth fdnd pjsthvnigbd kgsbd jmfjrd ojid su.

jpgt. bg ċhsgąd ċhsh. prjenhŨhvhnd orhi phpsog vnhmhvdbg" JvgN d f g r h n b g r g a j r k g

o j i g i g p h p h

Sd ig zhejv hrhj

b g p j s r g m b j p j Ũ t j

i g dzhf r hb . o hj

Ũ t j s u u v j Ę g b i g

e r h Ę h b s o d l p r h v h d

u o d m h b i g ` g b z u r g .

m j ċ g o h b g s u s h

jmuŨgv n igb igk. h n d

b dsu f d n g muejeh

m h l h "




fdstvj prgknigrh phpsog vnhmg Sgngerdbh Vjsdih 8<=<" ejmdbg

jfumdnj ig u Sdiu D\ strhl zh sjpstvgbd Ųdvjt" SrdfgŲdŨtg ig

jbhŨhj u jojndbd Bhpunih"

mnuog pjtvrĘgbg su d zvhbdċbj u ihbuhru 8<=4. ohmh ig u

ku zhsgmhnh bjvjdzhfrhbh PoupŨtdbh. ajrkdrhbh vjnijk

hrjmh" PoupŨtdbh ig dzenhshnh bjvd Wsthv. u ċdigk ig prvjk

hbu bhvgmgbj mh sg prdvrgkgbh vnhst phpstvh + uodmh"

mtjeh ċhsh + pdshnj ig thojmg u Wsthvu + vnhst u ShpsodkŲhvhkh fdąg fdrhbh mgkjorhtsodk putgk"

H S D B H E H V M H S J M J V W Ż I G K

hpd su u pjkją prdtgond strhb`d. thoj mh ndfgrhnbh

oupŨtdbh. fhrgk u tjk shzdvu s pjċgtoh 8<=4. bdohmh bdig

hngoj mjeurhnh" Hustrdih d Arhbùsoh. ohtjndċog zgknig

jig su mgndng prgvnhst bhm Dthndijk u pgrdjmu jm 8580" mj

8=" ejmdbg. pjsnhng su vjisou. PoupŨtdb h ig zhtvjrgbh. h

hpd Sdiu vrhągbg su vnhst d pjċhstd ojig su ku bhorhtoj fdng

muzgtg" Fdnj ig. kgmutdk. u tjkg d bgog Ũhrhmg. igr bdig

ndojvhnj igmbjk phpd mh eh ċuvh dsoniuċdvj bhjruŲhbh

bh ehrmh" Hustrdihb`d. pjm ċdijk su uprhvjk thmh fdnd

kfhrmdih bh sgvgrjzhphmu Shpshodl mrŲhvh d Qgbgtj

bh sgvgrjdstjou. jmrŲhvhnd su rgm d kdr bh tgrdtjrdid ojijk

ig bj kdbhnbj uprhvnihj phph" Jb d. mhong. Hus trd ihb`d. d

arhbùsod vjibd`d ojid su phtrjndrhnd und`hkh Vdkh + igmdbd

su sthihnd dzkgmu phpg Sdih d prjphstd ojih ig bhmjnhzdnh"

Sdiu u Qhtdohbu bdig prdrgmgb fjezbh ohoj tjphj mjċgo.

khmh ig bigejv pjvrhtho bh Pvgtu stjndù kgĘu ohtjndċodkvgrbd`dkh Ũdrjk Gvrjpg prdknigb ohj rhmjsbh vgst" Jvhi

Sdig ig jmnuċdj mh pjfgebg dz Vdkh. d tj

ig d uċdbdj . jmgvgb ohj jfdċhb svgŨtgbdo.

zhonjbigb dzh thkbdl bhjċhrh"

phph. kgmutdk. ojid sg vrhtdj u Vdk bdig fdj dstd jbhi pjbtda

ojid ig dz jvje erhmh pjfgehj u jphsbdk jojnbjstdkh" Sdih

su mufjoj uzbgkdrdnd gbgredċbd d. pj bigejvjk kdŨnigbiu.

orhibig mrsod pjouŨhid mh ku sg jmuzkg unjeh ojiu ig Fje

bhkgb dj svdk phphkh + prdvrgkgbh uprhvh bhm Shpsodk

HPPGKFNGH @3P]D]WG8B]G

DB BJKG Mn MDJ G MGN SJSJNJ

Db sgeudtj mgn Mggrgtj m— jeed lg dbstd+ tuds j ub ]rdukvdrhtj pgn Ejvgrbj mgnnh Vgpuffnd h. sd rgbmg bjtj `lg n—Hssgkfngh lh dkkgmdhthkgbtg bjkdbhtj ]rdukvdrd d @ d t t h m d b d

E DWPGSSG K H5Y D B D

HQVGN tJ PH AA D

@HVNJ HVK GNN DB D

Vjkh mhnnh Vgsdmgbzh mgnn— Hssgkfngh dn t h Khbtj t u t "

D D Srgsdmgbtg E" EHNNG]]D

D PasrgnhrdAHFVG]]a SGBBH@@LD

W jvj i Ũ thkphbj i jf ihv d p d Ũg mh ig ċ nhbjvg t r d i ukv d rh th d ze nhsh nh

m g k j o r h t s o d d z hf r h b h P o u p Ũ t d b h o j i h ą g v nh m h t d o r h t o j v g o j k

V g p u f n d o j k D th n d ij k k h r t h 8 < =4 "



8<1 YH]JĎGBDO QH] DOH BH. MGJ SVQD

mrŲhvhkh d muljvbh vnhst u @rovd" Sdih D\ prjehbihnj ig

jsgąhbig mh ku vrnj khnj bgmjsthig mh dzeufd d igmbu d

mrueu. d tj eh ig shkj uċvrstdnj u uvgrgbiu mh pjbjvj

bhkgtbg kją phpstvh. hnd mh jvjeh puth tj uċdbd ohj prhvd

shkjmrŲh`"

N D F G V H N B D W P ] H Q

Pdndbh usthbhoh ojid su prjtrgsnd ojbtdbgb t 8<=<" zf h`dnh ig u

kgmuvrgkgbu s vnhstd d jsthng gvrjpsog mgspjtg" H dpho. jbd

su vgą 8<=4" uspgnd mh sg vrhtg. d tj thoj Ũtj su prdfgehvhnd

mrhojbsodk kgrhkh d uebigthvhnd bhrjm" Ndfgrhnbg vjmg su

lhpŨgbg. kuċgbg d ufdihbg. h bidljvd sngmfgbd`d zhstrhŨdvhbd

d. pjm prgtbijk skrąu. prdkjrhvhbd bh pjojrbjst" Ndfgrhnbd

usthvd ojig su mgspjtd prg tjeh kjrhnd mh usvjig. khohr

shkj mh fd u ordtdċbjk trgbutou oupdnd sgfd vrgkg. shmh su

pjvuċgbd. h hpsjnutdstdċoh vnhst pjbjvj uvgmgbh" Hnd uprojs

svgku tjkg. gvrjpsod shkjmrŨ`d vdsg bdohmh bgąg kjąd

mh rhmg jbj Ũtj su rhmdnd prg" Bdohmh sg vdsg bgąg jsgąhtd

fgzfgmbdk ohj rhbdig. d kbjed kgĘu b idkh jsgąhnd su mh

dl euŨd jerjkbj jfgzfgmgbig ojidk su sg joruŲdvhnd" Bd zh

phpu Sdih Ųdvjt bgąg fdtd jbj Ũtj ig bgohm fdj. hnd dz mruedl

rhznjeh" Khmh ig orhtojvgod rdksod phrnhkgbt fdj rhspuŨtgb.

Vgvjnu`djbhrbh 8<=<" ejmdbh fdnh ig jphsbh pj phpu Sdih D\. fumuąd

mh su sg u Vdku jmrŲhng mgkjbstrh`d ig prjt dv bigejvg vnhst d "

ndfgrhnbd Wsthv ojid su phrnhkgbthr`d usvjidnd jsthj ig bh sbhzd"

Shph bdig dkhj jvnhŨągbih mh pjbdŨtd thi prhvbd hot jbhoj

ohj Ũtj su mgspjtd pjbdŨthvhnd usthvg u svjidk zgknihkh.

d thoj ig Wsthv Shpsog mrŲhvg igmdbd prgŲdvgj bgukjnidvu

jmkhzmu ojih ig sustdenh bjsdj`g usthbhoh dz 8<=<" H zh

rhzndou jm mruedl mgnjvh Gvrjpg. emg su rgvjnu`djbhrbg

bhmg dzbgvgrgbg. Shpsog mrŲhvg. hnd d jsththo Dthndig. dkhnd

su srgmsthvh. d mjfrg vjnig. h d niumd mh sbjvg j snjfjmbdigk

mruŨtvu prgtjċg u stvhrbjst"

W ŲdŲd bhmg dthndihbsodl ndfgrhnh bhŨhj sg. bhrhvbj. niutd

suphrbdo phpg Sdih D\" Fdnh ig tj Orhnigvdbh Phrmdbdih. ċdig sg

igzerj. uprojs bhzdvu mrŲhvg. bhnhzdnj zhprhvj u Sdigkjbtu.

u sgvgrjzhphmbji Dthndid. s ]jrdbjk ohj prgstjbd`jk" W

shsthvu jvje orhnigvstvh bhnhzdnh sg d jfndŲbih jfnhst Ndeurdih.

ohj d shkh Phrmdbdih + pjsng Pd`dnd ig mruej pj vgndċdbd

W t rhmd` djbhnbji phpsoji pjzd . Sd ig D\ pjmdŲg prstg u zbho

fnhejsnjvh" Bigejvh vnhmhvdbh trhihnh ig ejtjvj pubg 06 ejmdbg. d

pj tjk g ig S d ig bgprgvhz dmgb u d s tj r d i d phps tvh "



8<< YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD

jstrvj u Prgmjzgkniu" Sjm vjĘstvjk svje suvgrgbh. orhnih

Qdotjrh Gkhbugnh DDD dz vnhmhrsog ouąg Phvjih. Sdigkj bt+

Phrmdbdih prdfgenh ig usthvu ohoj fd bgohm hutjrdthrbu mrŲhvu

prgtvjrdnh u + phrnhkgbthrbu mgkjorhtdiu" @rovh vdŨg bdig

uprhvnihnh Ũojnhkh. pjstjihnh ig snjfjmh vgrjdspjvgstd. h

igzudtd. zh ojig sg skhtrhnj mh zhigmbj s phpjk rhmg bh Ũtgtuorhnigvstvh. ndstjk su prjtgrhbd" Pvg ig tj snutdnj bh znj. fhr dz

uenh phpg Sdih. ojid ig rhzvji mjehĘhih u Sdigkjbt+Phrmdbdid

prhtdj s vgndojk zgfbijk" D. mh prdndog zh phpu fumu ijŨ ejrg.

Qdotjr Gkhbugn fdj ig jkdnigb kgmu phpdbdk pjmhbd`dkh

zhlvhniuium pjmrŨ`d d pjtpjkhehbiu ndfgrhnbdl rgajrkd. thoj

mh su vgrbd`d. igmhb pj igmhb. jorgthnd ngmh @rovd d. pjsgfbj.

Vdku ohj srgmdŨtu kjm "

Shpdbg kuog fdng su tdk vgąg Ũtj ig Qdotjr Gkhbugn uz

tj snjvdj zh znhth vrgmbje prgmvjmbdoh. vgndoje phtrdjtu d

Qdo tj r Gkhbug n D D jm S d igkjbt +

+Phrm db d i g pj s thj ig 8<18 " p rv d jm

uoupbj t rj i d `g o rh n i gvh D th n d i g "

rhtbje iubhoh. ojid ig ndċbj uċgstvjvhj u ċgtdrd fdtog vjĘgbg

prjtdv Hustrdig u Srvjk dthndihbsojk rhtu zh bgzhvdsbjst

,8<=<+8<=+4$" @dni tje rhtbje suojfh fdj ig mh sg jojbċh

hustrdisoh d fdnj mih tumdbsoh uprhvh bhm Dthndijk" W

@rovh vdsg bdig uprhvnihnh Ũojnhkh.

uvgmgbh ig snjfjmh vgrjdspjvgstd. h

igzudtd su prjtgrhbd"

tjou rhth dspjsthvdąg sg. kgmutdk. mh bdigmbh dthndihbsoh

mrŲhvh pjigmdbhċbj bdig ohmrh mh pjrhzd strhb`g" Khmhig

Sdigkjbt+Phrmdbdih dz tje suojfh dzhŨnh ohj pjrhŲgbh strhbh.

thmh knhmd. 64+ejmdŨbid Qdotjr Gkhbugn bhkgtbuj sgohj

pjmstd`hihb vjĘh d Ųdvd sdkfjn rdsjrĘdkgbth. vgndoje usthboh

ojid sg prgtvjrdj u pjorgt zh uigmdbigbig Dthndig"

Ohoj ig orhni+rhtbdo std`hj uengm d bhonjbjst bhrjmbdl

khsh. thoj ig rhsnh d prgtb ih ojiu ig Qdotjr Gkhbugn

prgmsthvnihj zh shkje phpu Sdih" Bdig kbjej

vrgkgbh prjŨnj h shb j prgjfrhŲhiu Dthndig dz

erupd`g khndl. zhsgfbdl mrŲhvh u igmbu.

zhigmbdċou kjbhrldiu. shb ojid su kbjed

shbihnd vgą vdsg jm 03 ejmdbh.pjċgj ig pjnhoj mh pjprdkh

jfrdsg ihvg. bhrjċdtj u

hkfdmjzbjk uku Qdotjrh

Gkhbugnh" W thovjk

rhzvjiu mjehmhih + fdnj

ig pjtpubj jmengmbj +

khnj ąg prjstjrh jsthtd zh

igmbje phpu. pjsgfbj hoj

ig rgċ j `rovgbjk pjenhvhru

shkjmrŲhċodl sonjbjstd"Srvh jzfdnibdih prdndoh

mh zhvnhmh `gnjk Dthndijk

Qdotjru Gkhbugnu uohzhnh sg.

kgmutdk. tgo 8<74" ejmdbg.

ohmh ig pjbjvj dzfdj rht sh

Hustrdijk" Jvjeh puth orhni sg

umruŲdj s Arhb`uzdkh. ojid su

Ųgngnd mh Hustrdihb`g. svjig vgndog

bgprdihtgnig. igmbjk zhsvhemh

jtgrhiu dz Dthndig" Mj jmsumbje

jfrth u tjk rhtu mjŨnj ig ohm

ig Qdotjr Gkhbugn jmbgj vgndou

pjfgmu bhm phpsojk vjisojk u




VDP JLē DK G B] J9 WI G M DBI G BI G D] HN DI G

Vdsjrmdkgbtj ,dthn" rdsjredkgbtj. pjbjvbd usthbho.

pjbjvbj fuĘgbig$ bhzdv ig pjorgth ojid sg fjrdj zh

uigmdbigbig Dthndig" Qgojvdkh ig Hpgbdbsoj pjnujstrvj

fdnj rhs`gpohbj bh erhmjvg+mrŲhvg d khnh orhnigvstvh

ojih su pjċgnh mh sg rhzvdihiu pjsng phmh Yhphmbje

rdksoje hrstvh =51" ejmdbg" Igmbh jm t dl tgr dtjrdih fdng

sud Shpsog mrŲhvg. u srgmbiji Dthndid. ojidkh su uprhvnihng

rdksog phpg"

Jvhovh sdtuh`dih trhihnh ig ejtjvj 8= vgojvh d.

bhpjsngtou. mjvgnh mjtng mh Arhb`uzd d Hustrdihb`d

uspjsthvg vnhst bhm p jigmdbdk mgnjvdkh Dthndig" Srj`gs

uigmdbigbih jmvdihj sg pjstgpgbj jm 8<8=" mj 8<53"

ejmdbg. ohmh su dthndihbsog sbheg zhuzgng Vdk d Shpsog

mrŲhvg" Ejmdbg 8484. pj j ojbċhbiu Srvje svgtsoje rhth.

Dthndid su prdpjigbg ijŨ bgog jfnhstd d erhmjvd. uoniuċuiuąd

]rgb tdbj. IuŲbd ]drjn d ]rst"

m ojm Ohstgaadmhrmh. u Shpsodk mrŲhvhkh" Sjsng tjeh

hni ig tgrhj prgm sjfjk jsthtog phpsodl sbheh svg mj

3 odnjkgthrh bh iuejzhphm jm Vdkh" Puojfg su prhtdng d

jfubg bhrjmh u Shpsodk mrŲhvhkh. Ũtj ig pjbjvj mjvgnj mj

jtgrdvhbih phpsodl ngehth"

W dstj vrgkg. ojm bh`djbhndsth u Bhpuniu d bh Pd`dndid

vdnh sg tgŲbih zh uigmdbigbigk s S digkjbt+P hrmdbdijk. d 8<"

fruhrh 8<18" ejmdbg zvhbdċbj ig prjenhŨgbj uigmdbigbig

rhnigvdbg Dthndig" W pjċgtou. kgmutdk. bjvjprjenhŨgbh

hnigvdbh fdnh ig prhotdċbj pjmgnigbh bh mvh mgnh. fumuąd mhubigb shsthv tgo trgfhnj uoniuċdtd mvg prjstrhbg srgmdŨbig

nhstd" igmbh jm bidl bhnhzdnh sg bh sgvgrjdstjou Hpgbdbsoje

dnj ig jċdengmbj mh ąg. uojndoj sg stvhrd

fumu rhzvdihng u tjk skgru. jsthtd

khnj prjstjrh zh phpu. h bhrjċdtj phpu

sh hutjorhtsodk sonjbjstdkh"

nujstrvh. h fdnh ig ijŨ pjm uprhvjk Hu strdihbh`h + rgċ ig j

gbgtu. s prgstjbd`jk Qgbg`dijk" Mrueh jfnhst. oumdohkj

Ųbdih. fdj ig shk erhm Vdk s Shpsodk mrŲhvhkh. emg ig phph

rjvjmdj jpsgŲbg prdprgkg ohoj fd tj svgtj tnj jmfrhbdj jm

vjigvhċh. kh ojid fdnd"

Wtu svrlu Sdig ig pjsgehj zh jruŲigk ojig ku

gmdbj fdnj bh rhspjnhehbiu" Shpsojk gb`dondojk

jsnhbd`jk$ jfihvnigbjk ihbuhrh 8<13" gosojkubd`drhjQdotjrh Gkhbugnh d svg mrueg uoniuċgb g u jfgsvgągbig

psog tgrdtjrdig" Sdig ig. sgk tjeh. ihsbj sthvdj mj zbhbih

gstupbd`dkh mh ig Fje bh bigejvji. h bg bh bidljvji strhbd.

mh bgkh bdohovg sukbig mh ąg prgmuzgtd jmejvhrhiuąg


S H S P O H B G S 3 E V G ţ D Q 3 P ]

Ohtjn dċoh mjekh phpsog bgpjergŨdvjst d . usthbjvn igbh

bh Srvjk vht dohbsojk shfjru 8<" iu nh 8<53" ejmdbg.

tgkgn i d sg bh shzbhbiu mh Pvgt d mul hot dvbj Ũt d t d pjenhvhrh

Vdkjohtjn dċog `rovg d jm shkjeh dsouŨgbih mh bhċdb d

fd nj ohovu ergŨou ohm dzmhig prjenhsg u vgzd s p d thbi dkh

vgrg d kjrhnh" Jvg jfihvg bgpjsrgmhb su p njm fjŲhbsoje

jtorjvgbih d n d su. u bhikhbiu ruou. s fjŲhbsodk jtorjvgbigk

fn dsoj pjvgzhbg"

H mh f d f d nj prjenhŨgbj d skhtrhbj bgpjergŨdv dk. phpdbj

uċgbig kjrh f d t d zhsbjvhbj bh svgtjk prgmhbiu d Pvgtjk

pdsku. d n d fhr thovj mh bg prjt dvurgċd b d igmbjk bd mruejk"

Fd nj ohoj fd nj . bhċgnj phpsog bgpjergŨdvjst d bg zbhċd shkj

pj sgfd mh phph bdohoj d b dohmh bg kjŲg pjċdb d t d bgod ergl

d n d bgmgnj"

Jtohmh ig. prg 80<" ejmdbh. uvgmgbh. jvh mjotr dbh

pr dk gbigbh ig u prhosd shk j igmhb igmdb d put " Shph Sdig \D D

prjenhs dj ig 8473" ejmdbg vhzbgsgbig prgsvgtg Fjejrjmd`g

ig m b dk jm tgk g n ih vgr g u r dk j o ht j n d` dz k u " Jt hm h sg. s tj eh.

‒uz dkh ohj ds t db d tj& mh ig Khr d ih . kht d Dsusjvh. pjŨtj sg

upjoji d nh. prgbgth bh bgfj. h mh su iji prd tjk d tgnj d muŨh

jsthn d bgthobut d "

DzuzgvŨd jvhi . igmdb d s nuċhi pr dkgbg bhċgnh bgpjergŨdvjst d .

@rovh sg mrŲd bgajrk hnbje s thvh mh ig p hph th i oji d ąg

jmnuċd t d Ũ th igstg. h Ũth b d ig pr dlvht n i dvj ohj zvhbdċbj

vgrjvhbig pjm jor d n igk r dkjohtjn dċog rg n de d ig "



843 YH]JĎGBDO QH]DOHBH. MGJ SVQD

kgrg prjtdv bidl ohoj fd pnhtdnd zh bgċuvgbu Ũtgtu bhbgtu

Bigejvji `rovd. hnd d shkjkg phpd. ohj Bigejvjk bhkgsbdou

bh Ygknid" Fdnj fd. stjeh. kumrj + upjzjrdj ig phph Sdig

prjtdvbdog + mh sg Shpsog mrŲhvg ‒кг ċdst d igĘbjsthvhb bhċdb

vrhtg& svjk pubjprhvbjk vnhsbdou"

G O P O J K W B D @ D V H B D O V H N I

Ptjngądkh prg tjeh. u srgmbigk vgou. shkj jbd

bhibgpjojrbdid bdsu sg pnhŨdnd gosojkubdoh`dig d prgtbid

fjŲhbsojk ohzbjk" Bh dthndihbsojk tnu. kgĘutdk. thovg

prgtbig vgą muej bdsu dkhng bgohmhŨbiu kją ojm kbjedl


SHSPOD N GEH]

Shpsod ngeht fdj i g ndċbd zhstupbdo phpdb. prd ċgku ig th

muŲbj st jfdċbj pjvgrhvhb h bgojk ohrmdbhnu" Ngehtd su

snhtd s trhbdk vnhmhk h. k jbhrsdk h dnd `rovhkh. s phpdbdk

uputstvdkh u vgzd s pjigmdbdk zbhċhibdk vgrsodk mjehĘhidkh.

pjpu t j mrŲhvhb ih gou kgbso je shfjrh. dnd pho mjbjŨgbih

jmnuoh joj vgrsodl pdthbih" Shpsod ngehtd dkhnd su d jvnhŨągbih

mh rgŨhvhiu pdthbih ojih sg tdċu igrgsd. ohj Ũtj ig fdj snuċhi u

vrgkg fjrfg dzkgĘu phpstvh d igrgtdoh ohthrh u Nhbemjou"

Sdig ig. sgk tjeh. sthvdj mj zbhbih prgs+

tupbd`dkh mh ig Fje bh bigejvji. h bg bh bidljvji strhbd. tg mh bgkh bdohovg

sukbig mh ąg PvgvdŨbid prgmuzgtd

jmejvhrhiuąg kgrg prjtdv bidl"

niumd. bhrjċdtj kgĘu prdphmbd`dkh jfrhzjvhbdidl snjigvh.

ojid su sg u kgĘuvrgkgbu jtuĘdnd jm Vdkh. hoj bg d jm shkg

Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg. d bdsu sg vdŨg trgsnd jm strhlh bh shkupjkdshj mh ąg dl Fje ohzbdtd" W tjk ojbtgostu. Sdig ig prgtdj

prhzbjk puŨojk" Igr. bdig sg jb shmh jfrhąhj vgrbd`dkh

dspubigbdk strhljpjŨtjvhbigk. vgą svgtjvbih`dkh ojid

bdsu prgvdŨg khrdnd bd zh ohzbg ojig dl kjeu stdąd s bgfh. bd

zh tj ohoj ąg sg jm tdl ohzbd jmfrhbdtd" Bidl ig kbjej vdŨg

zhbdkhnh pjndtdċoh ojrdst. d ohoj ig dzvuąd"

W derd su fdnd rhzndċdtg prdvhtbg ojkfdbh`dig" Qdotjr

Gkhbugn d bigejvh vnhmh jmnjŲdnd su mj mhnige jsvhihb ig

Vdkh d usrgmsrgmdnd sg prvj bh prjtgrdvhbig Hustrdihbh`h

dz Qgbgth" ēuzgpg Kh`dbd d ēuzgpg Ehrdfhnmd. mvjid`h jm

uoupbj trjid`g bh`djbhndstdċodl vjĘh ojid su sg bhŨnd bh

ċgnu pjorgth uigmdbigbih ,trgąd ig fdj Ohkdnj Fgbzj. erja jm

Ohvurh. bgohmhŨbid prgkdigr u vnhmd Qdotjrh Gkhbugnh$ bdsu.

kgĘutdk. sthihnd bh dstjk sthbjvdŨtu" Jbd su skhtrhnd mh ig

zhuzdkhbig Vdkh jm prvjrhzrgmbje zbhċhih. igr rdsjrĘdkgbtj bgąg fdtd uspgŨbj prdvgmgb orhiu hoj sg prgtljmbj bg jsvjid

Vdk. ohj prgstjbd`h Dthndig" Arhbùsod `hr Bhpjngjb DDD

umruŲdj ig sbheg s Qdotjrjk Gkhbugnjk dz sjpstvgbdl

pjfumh + bg shkj mh fd dzfh`dj Hustrdihb`g dz Dthndig vgą

d mh fd. muejrjċbj. ukgstj ihog uigmdbigbig Dthndig. bh

Hpgbdbsojk pjnujstrvu jpsthihnh puoh Ũhċd`h snhfdl mrŲhvd`h

ojig bdohmh bgąg k jąd mh sg bhkgtbu ohj thokh` Arhbùsoji

u fjrfd zh prdkht bh gvrjpsojk ojbtdbgbtu"

E H V D F H N M D P ] Q H V H B G Q J N I GOrhtojrjċbj engmhbj. kgĘutdk. kbjej vhŲbdig suphrbdŨtvj

rhzvdnj sg dzkgĘu Qdotjrh Gkhbugnh d bigejvg vnhmg. s igmbg

strhbg. d vgndoje lgrjih rdsjrĘdkgbth. ēuzgpgh Ehrdfhnmdih.

s mrueg strhbg" Ehrdfhnmd ig pjouŨhj mh dstdsbg orhnih d mh.

prgbgfrgehvhiuąd bigejvu vjniu. jsvjid Vdk. prvj 8<13. h

jbmh d mvg ejmdbg ohsbdig" W jfh bhvrhth Ehrdfhnmdigv bhuk

fdj ig jsuigągb. hnd Qdotjr Gkhbugn. igmbjsthvbj. bdig sgfd

kjehj mh prduŨtd mh thi prjfngk slvhtd jnhoj. igr bg shkj Ũtj

ig Ehrdfhnmd fdj rgpufndohbh` vgą ig d fdj dzrhzdtj jkdnigbh

Srdphmbd`d jfrhzjvhbdl snjigvh

umhnidnd su sg jm Vdkh. hoj ijŨ bg d jm

Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg. d bdsu sg vdŨg

trgsnd jm strhlh bh shku pjkdshj bh

FjŲiu ohzbu"

ndċbjst kgmu dthndihbsodk bh`djbhndstdkh" W bidljvdk jċdkh.

Vdk ig fdj Pvgtd erhn rdsjrĘdkgbth. h Ehrdfhnmdigvh hkfd`dih

mh jsvjid jvhi erhm tukhċgbh ig ohj prgebuąg igmbje vgndoje

rjmjniufh" D bg shkj tj9 prdsustvj arhbùsog vjisog. ojih ig

ċuvhnh phpu u Vdku. mjŲdvnihvhbh ig shmh ohj srhkjth ojiu

dthndihbsod bhrjm vdŨg bg skg mh trpd"

W thovdk jojnbjstdkh uerjŲgbh ig fdnh d hkfd`dih Qdotjrh

Gkhbugnh mh pjsthbg orhni `gng Dthndig" Jb sgfd bdohoj bdig

kjehj mh prduŨtd thi nuosuz mh Ehrdfhnmdigvh prdvhtbh.

jmrphbh vjisoh ..jsnjfjmd„ Vdk d mh jbmh + ohoj ig Qdotjr

snutdj + prjenhsd rgpufndou" Kjrhj ig. mhong. mh uzkg stvhrd

u svjig ruog d Arhbù zg uonjbd + shk" Oh tjk su sg dniu. pj

svgku sumgąd. orhni d bigejvh vnhmh uskgrdnd ohmh su 8<1="



ruŲgbg sbheg Arhb`usog d Sd igkjbth bhbgng su 63" khih 8<74" ojm Kjbtgfgnh u Njkfhrmd i d tgŲho pjrhz Hustr d ihb`dkh u f d` d oj ih sg

erhnh u so njpu Ũ d rge suoj fh uphk ągbj e ohj Mrued rht zh d th n d ihb so u bgzhvdsb jst "



846 YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD



YH]JāGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD 840

n hoj rgpuf n d ohbh` . ēuzgpg Ehr dfh nm d , n gvj$ jmh ig pjċhs t Q do tj ru

Gkhbug nu D D ,mgsbj$ ohj o rh n i u D th n d i g p r d n d ojk d s tj r d i soje susrg th

61" jo tjfrh 8<13 " u ]ghbu. bh pu tu V dk+Bhpu n i "

s Arhbùzdkh sonjpdnd Pgptgkfhrsod spjrhzuk" SjtpdshvŨd

jvhi mjoukgbt. Arhbùzd su bh sgfg prguzgnd jfhvgzu mhsg mj 8<11" pjvuou dz Vdkh. mhiuąd Qdotjru Gkhbugnu

jmrgŨgbg ruog mh sprjvgmg u mgnj svji thibd pnhb + prjbhĘg

jmejvhrhiuąd dzejvjr d erhm prdpjid tgrdtjrdid ojiu ig u tjrb

trgbutou mrŲhj. thoj mh Vdk pjsthbg orhnigvsoh prgstjbd`h.

h bg enhvbd erhm rgpufndog" Mh sorgbg phŲbiu sh svje enhvbje

`dnih. orhni ig bhċdbdj bhvjmbj vgndog ustupog9 vnhmh ąg

prgstjbdù dz ]jrdbh u Sdigkjb t+Phrmdbdid prgsgndtd u Adrgbù

u ]jsohbd. mhngoj jm Vdkh. mhong. h jb vdŨg bdohmh bgąg

bhphmhtd Shpsog mrŲhvg"

S H S D B H B H M H

Engmhbj sh strhbg. td bjvd mjejvjrd mjbgnd su phpd Sdiu

mrhej`gbj jfgąhbig mh eh bdoj bgąg mdrhtd. d jb sg shmh

pjbjvj jsgąhj fgzfgmbdk" J ptdkdzhk sg s pjbtdah prgbgj

d bh bigejvg ohrmdbhng. ojid su. ohj d jb shk. fdnd ufgĘgbd

mh `hr Bhpjngjb DDD bgąg bdohmh jtdąd dz Vdkh d jsthvdtd

Sdih ‒fgspjkjąbje prgm Sdigkjbąhbdkh&. prgpuŨtgbje

‒snhfhŨbji kdnjstd bigejvdl pjmhbdoh&" Srgkh kdŨnigbiu

ohrmdbhnh. ‒,tj$ bg fd pjmrŲhnd bd ohtjnd`d u Arhbùsoji bd

mruemg u svgtu&"

W pdthbig su fdng mjvgmgbg hkfd`dig

Qdotjrh Gkhbugnh mh pjsthbg orhd[

`gng Dthndig" Jb sgfd. igmbjsthvbj.

bdig skgj mh prduŨtd thi nuosuz mh

Ehrdfhnmdigvh prdvhtbh. jmrphbh vjisoh

‒jsnjfjma Vdk d prjenhsd rgpufndou"

Bjvu htkjsagru pjvgrgbih ojih ig zhvnhmhnh u Qhtdohbu

pjmergvhnd su d mjehmhid dzvhb shkg Dth ndig. ojid su jċdengmbj

vjmdnd oh bjvjk rhtu9 Srusd d Hustr dihb`d uspgnd su mh sg

pjkdrg. d shm su d igmbd d mrued fdnd prjtdv Arhbùzh" Fdnj ohoj

fdnj. svg jvg trd sdng dkhng su bgŨtj zhigmbdċoj9 uvgrgbig mh

fd uigmdbigbh Dthndih kjenh mh sg bhkgtbg ohj suphrbd`h

svdkh bidkh ohj utd`hihb ċdbdnh` bh gvrjpsoji pjndtdċojipjzjrbd`d" Pljmbj tjkg. d Srusoh d Hustrdih d Arhbùsoh fdng

su bhkgrbg mh prgmuzku svg Ũtj ig u bidljvji kjm ohoj fd

sprgċdng mh sg Dthndih uigmdbd. h jvj ig. jpgt. bgdzfgŲbj bhdŨnj



84= YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD

S HS DBH M G P BH VWO H

ēhojkj Hbtjbgnd. igmhb jm pjsngmbidl svgtjvbihoh ojid

su prjdzvgmgbd u ohrmdbhng. jfhvnihj ig muŲbjst mrŲhvbje

sgorgthrh phpg Sdih D\. jm 8<=<" ejmdbg ,ohmh su Ũdrjk

Gvrjpg dzfdihng rgvjnu`dig$ ph mj svjig skrtd 8<51" ejmdbg"

Żdvjtbj prgebuąg ohrmdbhnh Hb tjbgndih fdnj ig mh shċuvh

bh pjvjnihb jmigo u shkjk Qhtdohbu. ohj mjfrh vgst ojih

ojndoj+tjndoj rhzvgihvh jpŨtd strhl jm rdsjrĘdkgbth" BdŨth bgfd tjndoj usrgądnj phpu d bigejvg ohrmdbhng ohj jfgąhbig mh ąg

dthndihbsoh mrŲhvh u bhsthihbiu fdtd eurbuth thkj emg iji ig d

kgstj + u zhpgąho"

Ihbuhrh 8<17" Jmj Vhsgn. frd thbsod dzhsnhbdo u Vdku.

dzvgstdj ig prgtpjsthvnigbg u Njbmjbu j rhzejvjru ojid

ig vjmdj s ohrmdbhnjk ēhojkjk Hb tjb gnd igk . phpdbdk

kjąbdk mrŲhvbdk sgorgthrjk" ‒Ohj d shk phph„. pdshj ig

Vhsgn. ..d Hbtjbgnd sg bhmh mh ąg dzfdtd svggvrjpsod rht. h svg

ohoj fd sg pjbjvj uċvrstdj pjnjŲhi Pvgtg stjnd`g(&

O H M P G B H M G DY I H N J Q G

Hnd. ohj d svg mrueg bhmg ojig ig dzbgmrdj ċuvgbd Pgptgkfhrsod

spjrhzuk dz 8<1=. d jvh ig + dspjsthvdnj sg + vdsg fdnh

phpu jm bigejvdl bgprdihtgnih d jmfrhbd phpstvj jm fdnj

ojige pjouŨhih ndfgrhndzh`dig" ]hoj ig bjvgkfrh 8<=<.

pjsng ufdstvh prgkdigrh Sgngerdbh Vjsdih. uprhvj Hbtjbgnd

umgsdj mh Sdig fgzfgmbj pjfgebg dz Vdkh d sonjbd sg u

Ehgtd" Bhrgmbg ejmdbg. ohm su ndfgrhnd zhuzgnd Shpsog

mrŲhvg. jpgt ig Hbtjbgnd fdj thi ojid ig trhŲdj jm Arhb`uzh

d Hustrdihbh`h mh pjŨhniu jruŲhbg sbheg ohoj fd jmuzgtg

tgrdtjrdig fdng vrhągbg pjm Sdigvu uprhvu" Dspjsthvdąg sg mh

ig d jvh ohrmdbhnjvh dbd`dihtdvh urjmdnh pnjmjk"

Hbtjbgndigvg hbtdndfgrhnbg hotdvbjstd d bgprgsthbd bhpjrd

mh jtupd jŨtrd`u rdsjrĘdkgbth sorgbung su phŲbiu bh bigeh"

Ejmdbg 8<77" ukhnj ig dzfgehj skrt jm ufdnhċog ruog"

Hbtjbgnd sg. kgmutdk. prjċuj d ohj khistjr zh

zhoundsbg rhmbig" Sjsng bigejvg skrtd jtordvgbj ig mh

u vhtdohbsoji ohsd pjstjid khbiho jm joj =7 kdndjbh

ndrh. h adbhbsdig u Qhtdohbu fdng su pjm bgpjsrgmbdk

Hbtjbgndigvdk bhmzjrjk" P mrueg strhbg. zbhtbj ig fdnj

bigejvj ndċbj fjehtstvj. ojig ig. bhivgądk mgnjk. zhvgŨthj

ċnhbjvdkh svjig pjrjmd`g" Wprojs bgsukbidvji jmhbjstd

phpd Sdiu. Hbtjbgnd ig u svjk tgsthkgbtu pjbtdau jsthvdj

shsvdk khnd bjvċhb d dzbjs"

Ohrmdbhn ēhojkj Hbtjbgn d jfhvn ihj ig muŲbjst mrŲhvbje

sgo rgthrh php g Sd ih D\ ejtjvj pubdl 03 ejmdbh" Ds t rh ibj

sg fjrdj zh phpstvj. hn d ig. pj svgku sumgąd. zh tj vrgkg d

p j t o r h m h j p h p s o u r d zb d ` u "

Bjvd mjejvjrd mjbgnd su phpd Sdiu mrhej`gbj jfgąhbig mh eh bdoj bgąg

mdrhtd. d jb sg shmh pjbjvj jsgąhj

fgzfgmbdk"

zhsbjvhbh bh mdzhbiu ounh u jfnh`dkh. h khbig bh stvhrbjk

sthbiu stvhrd" Vht dzkgmu Hustrdig d Srusog. ojid ig dzfdj u

iubu 8<11. bdig dŨhj tjojk ojid su prdŲgniodvhnd u Qhtdohbu"

Shph ig fdj uvgrgb mh ąg Hustrdihb`d shtrtd Srusg. ojid su uŨnd u

shvgz s Orhnigvdbjk Dthndijk. tg mh ąg Hustrdih usojrj pjbjvj

zhuzgtd prjvdb`dig ojig ig bgohmh mrŲhnh. ph dzeufdnh"

H mjejmdnj sg uprhvj suprjtbj" Srusd d bidljvd dthndihbsod



YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD 847


S H S P O D D N D H S J P ] J N P O D B W B @ D I G

Vgċ ."bub dig„ pjtdċg jm nhtdbsoje bubtdus. Ũtj zbhċd

..enhsbdo„" Shpsod bub`dig. aubo`dih pjzbhth pjm zvhbdċbdk

bhzdvjkhpjstjnsod bub`dig. zhprhvj ig dzhsnhbdo ojid bhstuph

usvjistvu mdpnjkhtsoje prgmsthvbdoh Qhtdohbh u mruedk

mrŲhvhkh dnd prd kgĘubhrjmbdk jrehbdzh`dihkh. ohj Ũtj su. rg`dkj. Wigmdbigbg bh`dig" Bub`dig dkh dstd rhbe d uŲdvh dstg

prdvdngedig ohj d hkfhshmjr fdnj ojig mrŲhvg. h jfdċbj bjsd

zvhbig bhmfdsouph mjo ejm jfhvnih hkfhshmjrsou muŲbjst"

,Pvgmjo Vdkjohtjndċoh `rovh bg pjċbg mh ruojpjnhŲg d

Ųgbg. phpsod bub`did fdąg dsoniuċdvj kuŨohr`d"$

shvgdbd djmbgndsu pjfgmu. d tj vrnj frzj. pjŨtj ig rht

zhvrŨgbvgąu jotjfru. pjsng svgeh ċgtdrd kgsg`h fjrfd" Pvg

tjbdigkjenjmjąd u ejrd ċhs" W mg`gkfru 8<11. u sonhmu

shjmrgmfhkh Pgptgkfhrsoje spjrhzukh. Arhbùzd su sg

uvgndojprdprgkhnd mhbhpustg Vdk" Srg dstgoh tg ohngbmhrsog

ejmdbg.bidljvhzhsthvh sodbuth ig s ihrfjnh ojm mvjr`h Phbt

HbĘgnj. d arhbùsog trupg uor`hng su sg bh frjmjvg u rdksoji

nu dĎdvdthvgodih" Pvg bhmg Qhtdohbh. shv jptdkdzhk d ċvrsth

uvgrgbjst mh Arhbùzd bdohmh bgąg jtdąd. dspnjvdnd su thmh sbidljvdknhĘhkh"

W erhmu ig mgistvjvhj vgąd frji

pjmrdvhąodl eruph ojig su fdng sprgkbg

mhdsojrdstg svhou prdndou. kh ohoj

snhfh fdnh. mh pjmdebu jpŨtd usthbho"

SHBDOH W QH]DOHBW

Pjfzdrjkbhsvh th zfdvhbih. bdig bdohovj ċumj Ũtj ig u

Qhtdohbuzhvnhmhjpjtpubd uŲhs" Phvgtbd`d su prgondbihnd phpu

SdihmhfgŲd bhsdeurbj mjo ijŨ kjŲg. mh pjtrhŲd utjċdŨtg u

ţphbdid dnd Hustrdid" Bidljv strhl shkj ig mjmhtbj uvgąhvhnh

ċdbigbd hmhsu phph Sdig d bigejvh hutjorhtsoh vnhmhvdbh

dzhzvhnd sbhŲhbjtpjr ushkjk Vdku" Ptj ig ijŨ ejrg. pj

erhmuigvrŨnihnjvdŨg pjmrdvhċodl eruph ojig su fdng sprgkbg

mhdsojrdstgsvhouprdndou. kh ohoj snhfh fdnh. mh pjmdebu

runiubhpjfubu. Ũtjfd bgkdbjvbj mjvgnj mj vgndoje

rhzhrhbih" Shpdbdshvgtbd`d su. fgz sukbig. fdnd ufgmgbd mh

ig phph uskrtbji jphsbjstd. hnd bdsu u dstd khl ukgnd mh

prgpjzbhiu enhvbd uzrjo tg jphsbjstd"

H enhvbd uzrjo bdsu fdnd bd bgzhmjvjnibd`d bd rhzunhrgbh

runih. vgą dthndihbsoh vnhmh orhnih Qdotjrh Gkhbugnh"

Sjvnhċgbigk Arhbùzh dz Vdkh d orhni sg bhŨhj u bgfrhbjk

erjŲĘu" SjtpdshvŨd Pgptgkfhrsod spjrhzuk 8<1=" jb d

bigejvh vnhmh igkċdnd su phpd mh ąg jsthtd bh vnhstd u Vdku.

ohj Ũtj su ehrhbtjvhnd fgzfgmbjst svdk Ųdtgnidkh Shpsodl

mrŲhvh. fumuąd mh su tjk prdndojk. pjrgm jsthnje. prguzgnd

bh sgfg jfhvgzu mh bgąg bhphmhtd Shpsog mrŲhvg" Dkhiuąd bh

uku svjiu `hst d pjtjbid orgmdfdndtgt ohj kjbhrlh `gng Dthndig.

Qdotjr Gkhbugn bdig sgfd kjehj mh prduŨtd thi nuosuz mh

jtvjrgbj pjehzd mhtu rgċ" J sthnh ku ig. kgĘutdk. kjeuąbjst

mh ig pjehzd dzh s`gbg. mhngoj jm jmiu ihvbjstd"

Qgą muŲg vrgkg Gkhbugnjvh vnhmh u pjthid ig bjvċhbj

Shph ig fdj ċvrstj uvgrgb mh ąg

Hustrdihb`d rhzfdtd Srusg""" hnd mgsdnj sg

uprhvj suprjtbj"

pjmrŲhvhnh pjmrdvhċog. hbtdphpdstdċog mruŲdbg ojig su

mgnjvhng u Vdku. h svg u bhmd mh ąg uprhvj bidljvh hotdvbjst

u igmb jk trgbutou urjmdtd ‒spjbthbdk& mdzhbigk bhfubu" ēuzgpg Ehrdfhnmd. jojrgnd hbtdphpdsth. pjmergvhj ig

hkfdigbt bhzdvhiuąd phpstvj ‒bhiŨtgtbdijk jm svdl sgotd&

d trhŲgąd pjtpubj uonhbihbig ohtjndċoje svgŨtgbstvh. pjm

jfrhznjŲgbigk mh jbj pjmstdċg bgzbhbig d prhzbjvgrig u

bhrjmu" H ohm su igmbjk pjphnigbg pjfubigb dċog fhonig.

bh s`gbu ig kjehj mh stupd Gkhbugn. ojid ąg sg ngpj sbhm u

unjzd sphsdj`h d. bhrhvbj. uvgstd sjpstvgbu vjisou u Vdk ohoj

fd bh und`hkh erhmh pjbjvj uspjsthvdj rgm d kdr" H jbmh. ohm

d Vdk d Qhtdohb fumu u bigejvdk ruohkh. prgjsthąg ku nhoŨd

mgj pjsnh + mh eurbg phpu u zhpgąho"

VGQJNW@DIH OJIG BDIG BD FDNJBdig. kgmutdk. fdnj thoj prjstj" Mjehmhid su sg mhnig jmvdihnd

bh pjtpubj mruehmid bhmb" Wprojs sdnbdk ufgmdvhbidkh.

dzmhŨbdk mhrjvdkh d Ehrdfhnmdigvjk rgvjnu`djbhrbjk Ųhru.

Vdk ig upjrbj jmfdihj mh sg mdebg bh usthbho" Mgndkdċbj ig

tj. sdeurbj. fdnj zfje prdsustvh Sdigvg ndċbg ehrmg u erhmu.

fumuąd mh su tj vgądbjk fdnd strhb`d. prd ċgku su bgod kgmu

bidkh fdnd bh enhsu ohj sdngmŲdig" IjŨ igmbh sdnh ig. sgk jvg.

rgmjvbj oruŲdnh erhmsodk und`hkh. h pj bhsdniu ig fdnh bh ijŨ

ejrgk enhsu jm jbdl strhbh`h + fglu tj phpsod mjfrjvjni`d"

@hr Bhpjngjb DDD pjkbj ig dz Shrdzh prhtdj svg Ũtj sg mjehmh.

dnd + fjnig rg m + svg Ũtj sg bg mjehmh u Vdku" Ohoj ig d



841 YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD

Mhbhs rgvjnu`djbhr

ēu zgpg Ehrdfhnmd snjvd

zh vgndoje dthndihbsoje

lgrjih zhlvhniuiuąd vjibdk

pjljmdkh ojig ig prgmvjmdj

fjrgąd sg zh bgzhvdsbjst

Dthndig"




hkfdj vdċhb spngtohkh. prgvgihbd Bhpjngjb fgz pj kuog

rgpjzbhj ig zbhog jfkhbg d prgvhrg. thoj mh ig vgą orhigk

<15" ejmdbg bhrgmdj arhbùsoji vjis`d mh pjbjvj uĘg u

dk" 8ufrzj su Bhpjngjbjvd vjibd`d pjbjvj jmrŲhvhnd rgm bh

ksodkund hkh"

Shph Sdig. bigejvd ohrmdbhnd d svd jsthnd u Qhtdohbu fdnd

ujmuŨgvnigbd slvhtdvŨd mh ig pjkją stdenh u prhvd ċhs"

rdthbsod dzhsnhbdo u Vdku. Jmj Vhsgn. sdtuh`diu ig shengmhvhj

trgzvgbdige. rghndstdċbje sthbjvdŨth" Wsngm prdsustvh

hbùsodl sbheh. pdshj ig jb u Njbmjb mh ‒Vdk svg vdŨg ndċd

hutvrĘgb erhm. h phph bh vjibje mgspjth&" Bdig. kgmutdk.

dnjbdohovg sukbig mh ig Vdk. jtohoj su sg Arhbùzd vrhtdnd.

svjigvrsbjk snhvnigbdċojk rhspjnjŲgbiu" Shpdbd s ngmfgbd`d.

ngrdohn d. pj Vhsgnjvjk pdshbiu"""

""" bg kjeu mh mjmu sgfd jm rhmjstd zfje jvje. pj bidl thoj srgąbje. prgjorgth d uvgrgbd su mh dl u fumuąbjstd ċgoh pjfgmh""" Bgukjrbd su u kjndtvhkh m h usojrj dzfdig jpŨtd

gvrjpsod rht. ojid ąg pjmgndtd d rhs`gpohtd Dthndiu"

Ohm ig Vhsgn u prjngąg 8<1<" jtdŨhj bh humdigb`diu

ojm phpg. jvhi ku ig shjpŨtdj mh ig. u srhzkgrd s frjigk

sthbjvbdoh erhmh Vdkh. phpsoh vjisoh u tjk ċhsu bhifrjibdih

u svgtu. tg mh ąg jb ndċbj. uojndoj tj u kh ojk trgbutou

fumu zhltgvhnd dbtgrgs d @rovg. ‒jphshtd kh`. pjpgtd sg u sgmnj

d ndċbj prguzgtd ojkhbmu bhm tjk vjisojk&" Shph Sdig ig thmhdkhj 57 ejmdbh"

W Sdigvdk jċdkh. kgĘutdk. dbtgrgsd @rovg zhltgvhnd su

kbjej vdŨg ojċjpgrgbih d rhzkgthbih vjibjk sdnjk" Ohj

igm hb jm gvrjpsodl vnhmhrh. jb ig fdj igm dbstvgb pj tjk g Ũtj

ig mrŲhj muljvbu vnhst bhm kdndjbdkh pjfjŲbdl ohtjndoh ojid

su Ųdvgnd Ũdrjk ojbtdbgbth d fdnd sprgkbd mh sg pjbhŨhiu u

sonhmu sh svhodk bigejvdk prjenhsjk d pjvdbuiu sg svhojk

bigejvjk zhltgvu" Fdnj ig. thojĘg. d jbdl mruehċdidl ohtjndoh.

jbdl Ũtj su sondzbund u ..ergl„ thoj Ũtj su prderndnd kjmgrbdzhk.

Qgn d ċhbs tvgb p r d zj r s rhsojŨbg svg tojv dbg upr d n d ċgbg bh u n d `hkh

Vdkh pj vjmjk dbhue urh` d i g phpg S d ih D\ 8<=1 " ejm dbg " S d ig i g zh

svj ig muej t rh ibg d uzfum n i d vg v nhmhv dbg mjŲ dvgj kbjeg p rjkgbg"



84< YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD

SHSPOH J P W M H ‒ E V G L J Q H P H M H ţ B I D L &

Xuhbth @urh ig bh bhifjnid bhmb pjohzhnh u ojiji sg

kgrd phph umhnidj jm svjidl bgohmhŨbidl ndfgrhnbdlsthvjvh. mh fd shmh jsumdvhj prhotdċbj svhou prjergsdvbu

dmgiu u ojiu ig bgohmh vgrjvhj"

Wz jvu gb`dondou jfihv nigb ig d svjigvrsbd ohthnje

bgmgnh pjm bhsnjvjk Yfjrbdoergljvh. u ojigk sg bhŨnj

kgsth zh jshkmgsgtho ergljvh ojig fd svhod vhnihbd

ohtjndo kjrhj mh dzfgehvh" Srhvd vgrbdo bdohmh bg fd

skgj mh p rdsthbg bh snjfjmu ejvjrh. snjfjmu Ũthkp g dnd

snjfjmu vgrjdspjvgstd. h kjrhj fd. ohj. ujsthnjk. d shk

Sdig. mh jmfh`d shku k jeuąbj st mh fd ‒rdksod pjbtda

kjehj. dnd trgfhnj mh sg pjkdrd s mruŨtvgbdk prjergsjk.

ndfgrhnbdk dmgihkh d shvrgkgbjk mvdndzhmijk&" Wz

thohv prjerhk pjstjihnd su svd dzengmd mh @rovh d bigbh

phstvh orgbu bhtrhe. oh srgmbijvgojvniu. oh gpjld u

ojiji ig hpsjnutbh vnhst @rovg bhm ukjk d kdsndkh

vgrbdoh mjŲdvgnh vrlubh`. h svhoj jtphmbdŨtvj ċgstj

sh sjfjk pj vnhmnj d skrtbu ohzbu" Bg trgfh mh ċumd

Ũtj su ojbzgrvhtdv`d u `rovgbdk rgmjvdkh. bhrjmtj

untrhrgho`djbhrbd igzudtd. jfihvnidvhbig Xuhbth @urh

mjċgohnd sh usl dągbigk" P jfzdrjk bh tj mh sg shmh

thoj bgmvjskdsngbj mdsthb`drhj jm stvhrbjstd pjzbjemgvgtbhgstje vgoh. pnjmbje tnh zh kbjeg snjfjmg ojig ig

phph ohtgejrdċbj jsumdvhj. Sdig ig fdj ndċbj jmejvjrhbzh

stvhrhbig sndog j sgfd shkjkg d j @rovd ohj j zhsthrgndkh.

hoj bg d skgŨbdkh" Wprhvj stjeh kbjed ohtjnd`d ojid

igsu fdnd jmhbd @rovd. hnd su u dstd khl `gbdnd vrgmbjstd

prjergsh d mjfrjfdt ojiu jb mjbjsd. jsthihnd su zfubigbd.

ph ċho d prgstrhvnigbd rhzvjigk mjehmhih"

Dzhsnhbdo Jmj Vhsgn jtdŨhj ig ojrho mhnig" Jb ig fdj

uvgrgb mh Xuhbth @urh d prhtgm Yfjrbdo ergljvh kjeu

dkhtd pjrhzbg pjsngmd`g uprhvj pj phpu. dbstdtu`diu

phpstvh d. pjsgfbj. pj ohtjndċoj svgŨtgbstvj ojig ąg +

pdshj ig jb + kjrhtd mh sg uonium u ‒jpsgŲbu rovgbu

zhvgru prjtdv bhċgnh ojidk h sg shvrgkgbj mruŨtvj

ruojvjmd&" Wojndoj jmfdiu mh umu u tj ojnj. prgmvdmhjig

Vhsgn. bhmbdąg jm sgfg ‒prjtdvbdog bhkgsbdoh Lrdstjvje.

ojkg su sg zhongnd bh pjsnuŨbjst&" Igmdbh pjsngmd`h tjeh.

fhr pj Vhsgnjvjk vdĘgbiu. fdąg pjtpubj jtuĘgbig Pvgtg

stjnd`g jm kjmgrbdl. bhprgmbdl gvrjpsodl bh`dih"

dstd jbhi kjmgrbdzhk ojid ig bgohmh pjmrŲhvhj d shk Sdig"

]hovg zhfnumgng vgrbdog @rovh ig kjrhnh mh prdvuċg bhtrhe

u svjig jordnig" Ejmdbg 8<1=" Sdig ig vgą fdj zh`rthj put ojid

vjmd oh tjk `dniu. d bdohmh rhbdig. bd pjm igmbdk phpjk. bdig

thi putgniho fdj uŲd d zhltgvbdid zh pjsnuŨbje vgrbdoh"

F G Y Q G V P O D L P N J F J M H

Sdig sg prvj jfruŨdj bh vgrsog snjfjmg d zhihkċgbu igmbhojst

zh prdphmbdog svdl rgndedih. Ũtj ig bgmvjskdsngbj jmfh`djohj ‒bhiejru zhkdsndvu uvrgmu zh igmdbu dstdbdtu vgru

ohtjndċou&" W tji igmbhojstd. pjrumj ig phph hustrdisojk

`hru Arhbid Ijsdau u igmbjk pdsku dz 8<1=" ejmdbg. ‒shmrŲhbh

ig msth fgskdsnd`h ojih sg svjmd bh f rohbig dstdbg s ergljk.

h svgtnjstd s krhojk. Ũtj pjvjnibj mgnuig bh pjfjrbdog

jbje ċumjvdŨbje. erjzjkjrbje bhċgnh vgrsoje rgnhtdvdzkh

ojid""" bgdzfgŲbj vjmd u htgdzhk„" Jvg mufjoj rgho`djbhrbg

d ojbzgrvhtdvbg dmgig jsvhbung su d u phpsoji gb`dondod

bhsnjvnigbji Xuhbth @urh ,Jsumh pjstjigądl ergljvh$. ojiu ig

phph Sdig jfbhrjmjvhj mhbh <" mg`gkfrh 8<1="Xuhbth @urh dzhzvhnh ig furu prjtgsth Ũdrjk ohtjndċog

Gvrjpg. hnd phph Sdig jmhvhj ig utdsho mh zh tj bdkhnj bg lhig"

Jb ig. ŨthvdŨg. u Vdku prdrgmdj rhsojŨbu prjsnhvu bg fd nd d bh

thi bhm b pjtvrmdj svjiu bgpjojngfnidvu rgŨgbjst mh@rovuŨtj

vdsg umhnid jm tje znjsnutbje kjmgrbdzkh" Sjċgtojk khrth

8<11" ejmdbg. fgsorhibg. Ųdvjpdsbg pjvjrog oruŲdng su und hkh

Vdkh" W tji prj`gsdid uċgstvjvhnd su d ohrmdbhnd u svjidk

fndsthvdk `rvgbdk jmgŲmhkh. h zh bidkh d kbjŨtvj kjbhlhd

arhthrh ojid su bjsdnd dojbg. uz svgtnjst fgzfrjibdl svgąh ojih ig

Bh Sdigvji kgtd prvj su sg bhŨng vgrsog snjfjmg d zhihkċgbh igmbhoh prhvh

zh prdphmbdog svdl rgndedih. Ũtj ig jb

skgsth jmfh`dj ohj ‒bhiejru zhkdsndvu

uvrgmu zh igmdbu prhvu vgru ohtjnd`oun

jfhsihvhnh jvhi prdzjr ojid ig fumdj dstdbsoj strhljpjŨtjvhbig"

Ojm kbjedl bhizbhkgbdtdidl rdksodl fjejkjnih jvg svgċhbg

pjvjrog zhsthng fd mjo su svgŨtgbd`d bh ejkdng fh`hnd d phndndobideg zhfrhbigbg snjvjk phpsoje Dbmgosh"

Jbj bh ifjnig. dnd + ohoj su tj bigejvd bgprdihtgnid

mjŲdvgnd + jbj bhiejrg. phph Sdig ċuvhj ig zh orhi" Srvd




htdohbsodshfjr. ojid ig joupdj jerjkhb frji ohrmdbhnh d

dsouph. jtvjrgb ig u Fhzdnd`d sv" Sgtrh <" mg`gkfrh 8<14"

jmdbg"Srgm uċgsbdog shfjrh pjsthvnigbh su mvh enhvbh

nih9 mhsgrhtdadouig Yfjrbdo ergljvh dz 8<1=" ejmdbg d mh

gusvjidbjvj bhċgnj u sonjpu `rovgbg mjotrdbg. bhċgnj

hpdbgbgpjergŨdvjstd" Jvj bhċgnj fdnj fd prdkgbidvhbj u

tuh dihkhohm phph zvhbdċbj ejvjrd j pdthb idkh vgrg d

kjrhnh.pjŨtj ig prgtljmbj jm Fjeh mjfdj jmejvhrhiuąh

putstvh"

HSDBHBGSJEVGţDQJP] + SVJţNJP] hobd Xuhbth @urh bd Yfjrbdo ergljvh bdsu dzhzvhnd tjndod

jtrgsohj jvhi zhltgv mh sg usthbjvd phpdbh bgpjergŨdvjst.

fdjigtj pjvjm mh sg jenhsg ohoj ordtdċhrd. thoj d jbd ojid

ujvudmgiu pjmrŲhvhnd" Igmbj kdŨnigbig. u svhojk snuċhiu.dnjigvhŲbdig jm jsthndl9 sthv Bhpjngjbh DDD" Mj tjeh ċhsh

hbùsod vnhmhr ig dspjnihvhj rgŨgbjst mh pjmrŲd phpu. khohr

fdnjshkj rhmd vgrsodl jsgąhbih ohtjndoh u Arhbùsoji"

hmhig. kgĘutdk. Bigejvh svgtjst prgmnhehnh jmfh`dvhbig

vdlerhmhbsodl snjfjmh. tgŨoj stgċgbdl u prgtljmbdl <3

jmdbh.jm vrgkgbh Arhbùsog rgvjnu`dig. prd ċgku fd uprhvj

hbùsoh vjisoh sg phouig d sprgkh sg mh bhpustd Vdk 8<11"

mdbg. jsthvnihiuąd erhm fgz zhŨtdtg"

phph prguzgj bh sgfg unjeu fjŲhbsoje sumdig jm ojeh zhvdsd

tjo gvrjpsog fumuąbjstd" Fdnj ig tj dpho prgvdsg" Bhpjngjb

ig jmkhl jtv jrg bj sthvdj mj zbhbih mh ąg. uojndoj bhċgnj

phpsog bgpjergŨdvjstd fumg zhdsth dzenhshbj bh Qhtdohbsojk

shfjru. jb pjvuąd arhbùsog trupg dz Vdkh"

Bigejvh svgtjst prgmnhehnh ig euŨgbig

svdl erhmhbsodl snjfjmh ojig su

zhmjfdigbg u prgtljmbdl <3 ejmdbh. jm

vrgkgbh Arhbùsog rgvjnu`dig"

Enhshbig ig jmrŲhbj 8<" iunh 8<53" Sjfjrbd`d bhċgnh jbgpjergŨdvjstd jmbgnd su ufgmnidvu pjfgmu sh 7=5 enhsjvh

bhsprhk shkj mvh enhsh prjtdv" Shph Sdig dpho bdig uspgj

mh fhŨ svu vjmu bhtgrh bh svjiu vjmgbdù" Bigejvj svjistvj

bgpjergŨdvjstd bdig. bhdkg. fdnj bd dzfndzh thoj svgjfulvhtbj

ohj Ũtj ig jb tj prdŲgniodvhj" Jpjzd`dih ig uspgnh mh rhzvjmbd

stvhr. jmvjidvŨd tgkgnibg prdb`dpg erhmhbsodl snjfjmh jm

jsumh dzbgtdl u gb`dondod Xuhbth @urh d u Yfjrbdou ergljvh" QhŲbj ig. prdtjk. bhpjkgbutd mh su hkfhshmjrd enhvbdl

ohtjndċodl zgkhnih Gvrjpg + Arhbùsog. Hustrdig. ţphbdig d



633 YH]JĎGBDO QH ]DOH BH. MGJ SVQD

Bh jvj i s th rj i aj tje rh a d i d phph S d ig D\ f nhejs d n i h svj iu vj is ou p rg f d t og ojm Kgbthbg . oj ih sg jm de rh nh 0 " bjvgkfrh 8<15" Shpsog

sbheg. umruŲgbg s Arhbùz dkh. mj bjeu su pj tuo ng mjfrjvj n ihċou

vj isou ēu zgpgh Ehr dfh nm d i h . sp rgċ dvŨ d i g mh jsvj i d V dk"

Sjrtuehnh + fdnd uphmnidvj jmsutbd prdndojk enhshbih"

Pumfdbh ig pho prdprgkdnh jfrt ohohv bdsu jċgodvhnd bd `hr

Bhpjngjb bd phph Sdig D\" Arhbùzd su 65" iunh 8<53 " bhihvdnd

mh ąg pjvuąd vjibdog dz Vdkh zhtj Ũtj su jbd + ohoj ig rgċgbj

+ ‒pjtrgfbd bh mruejk kgstu„" Bdig tj dkhnj bdohovg vgzg

bd s Bhpjngjbjvjk prgtb ijk bd s phpsojk bgpjergŨdvjŨąu"]j ‒mruej k gstj& fdnh ig. zhprhvj. dstjċbh arhbùsoh erhbd`h.

prgkh Srusoji. bhivgąji d bhikjąbdiji bgkhċoji mrŲhvd"

Bhpgtjstd su vgą bgoj vrgkg rhsng mh fd 84" iunh. mhb pjsng

enhshbih u Vdku. Arhbùzd Srusdkh jfihvdnd rht"

A V H B @ W P O H D S V W P O H W V H ] W

Arhbùsoj+prusod rht. ojid ig p jtrhihj bgpubdl ejmdbu mhbh

+ jojbċhb ig 83" khih 8<58" jmsumbjk pjfgmjk Srush + zh

Arhbùsou ig pj svgku fdj prhvh prjphst" Puojfd su soupj

sthihnd d shkje Bhpjngjbh DDD. ojeh su Srusd zhrjfdnd. mh fd

eh pjtjk prjtgrhnd u Gbengsou" ]dk g ig sthvnigbh thċoh bh

arhbùsou kjbhrldiu. h Srusd su + mh bhbgsu d pjsngmbiu.

bhitgŲu uvrgmu pjfgmgbji strhbd + prjenhsdnd uigmdbigb ig

bgk hċodl mrŲhvh pjm svjidk vjmstvjk" Wigmdbigbig igprjenhŨgbj u Mvjrhbd jengmhnh Qgrshisog phnhtg. ojih

ig sherhmgbh bgodl 873 ejmdbh rhbdig. u vrgkg ohm ig

Arhbùsoj k vnhmhj orhni Nui \DQ"

""" Arhbùzd su bhihvdnd mh ąg pjvuąd svjig

vjibdog dz Vdkh zhtj Ũtj su jbd. ohoj ig

rgċgbj. ‒pjtrgfbd bh mruejk kgstu&"

ţtj sg phpg Sdih tdċg. d pj bigeh ig jvhi rht fdj pjeufhb.

hnd bh mruehċdid bhċdb9 pjrhz bigejvdl bgohmhŨbidl shvgzbdoh

Arhbùzh zbhċdj ig mh Qdotjru Gkhbugnu d dthndihbsoji

vnhmd shmh vdŨg bdŨth bg stjid bh putu oh jstvhrgbiu `dnih +

zhuzdkhbiu Vdkh d prjenhŨgbiu erhmh bh ]dfru prgstjbd`jk

uigmdbigbg Dthndig" ]j ig dzhzvhnj strhl d pjmsthonj enhsdbg

mh sg phph. bhvjmbj. sprgkh mh bhpustd Vdk d sumfdbuvgą

usphbdċgbdl Vdknihbh prgmh u ruog erjzbdl bh`djbhndsth"

PuŨohnj sg. uz tj. mh igzudtd pjŲuruiu Sdih mh fgŲd jmkhl. mh

dzkjnd bgohoj zhŨtdtu ojm Frdthbh`h d mh sg sonjbd bh Khntu.

srgmjzgk bj jstrvj pjm frdthbsojk uprhvjk" Igmdbh bhmh

zh phpu. ċdbdnj sg u tjk trgbutou. pjċdvhnh ig u prgejvjrdkh



YH]JĎGBDO QH]DOHBH. MGJ SVQD 638

BGSJEVGţDQD SHSH

Shpsoh bgpjergŨdvjst dzhzvhnh ig vgąg pjtrgsg d

zerhŲhvhbig jm fdnj ojige mrueje mjthmhŨbige pjstupoh

jmnuog phpg Sdih" Shpg su dkhng ngedtdkbj prhvj mh

prdsvhihiu rhzbg pjvnhstd`g d jvnhŨągbih. hnd u jvhovu

orhibjst ijŨ bdoj bdohmh bdig jtdŨhj" Bgkh bd pjtrgfg

bhenhŨhvhtd mh ig ahkjzbh phpsoh bgpjergŨdvjst pjmgndnh

hvbj kbigbig"

Wtd`hibd arhbùsod fdsoup Agndos Mdphbnu pdshj ig

ohrmdbhnu Hbtjbgndiu s pubdk jmjfrhvhbigk" ‒Phfjr

ąg zhmhtd jmnuċhb umhrh` Sdigkjbtu ,d dthndihbsoji

vnhmd$" Bhiihċd bhŨ hreukgbt prjtdv Vdkh ohj prgstjbd`gthndig svhohoj ig + Vdk ohj pr gstj bd`h ohtjndċhbstvh"""

Srgtgbzdig ,Qdotjrh Gkhbugnh$ d bigejv dl Sdig kjbąhb h

pjsthąg. igmbjsthvbj. bgjstvhrdvg d prgmkgt pjrueg"&

Phfjr ąg prg svgeh. ohoj ig pjmvuohj Mdphbnu. pjsnuŲdtd

ohj svjigvrsbh mgkjbstrh`dih sdng. d Arhbùzd vdŨg bdohmh

bgąg skgtd mh bhpustg Vdk"

ţhrn+Gkdn Argpgn. fdsoup HbŲgrh u zhphmbji

Arhbùsoji. dsohzhj ig. kgĘutdk. pjtpubj mruehċdig

engmdŨtg" Jb ig pdthbig bgpjergŨdvjstd shengmhvhj u

dċbdigk. niumsodigk svgtnu" ‒Bhnhzdkj sg bh orhiu

pjbtdadohth igmbje ukjrbje d jfgslrhfrgbje sthrje

ċjvgoh. ojid bh svg joj sgfg engmh orjz prdzku bgsrgąh

ojig su bigeh shkjeh zhmgsdng&. pdshj ig Argpgn" ..W

bigejvdk jċdkh. svg Ũtj sg u shvrgkgbjk svgtu mgŨhvh

igstg. d buŲbj kjrh fdtd. igmbh ‒ebusjfh&"

Jsthnd ordtdċhrd fdnd su zbhtbj jŨtrdid. h u pjigmdbdk

snuċhigvdkh ċho d jorutbd" Bgkhċod dstjrdċhr d tgjnje

Agrmdbhbm Ergejrjvdius ,8< 68 +8< 48 $ jvhoj pdŨg9

Kbjed su dsorgbj vgrjvhnd mh i g p hph sdŨhj s ukh" Jb

ig s prhvdk ahbhtdzkjk uŨhj u svg tj. h pjfrhj ig d enhsjvg zh svjig jfjejtvjrgbig"

Hutjrdthrbd ohtjndċod vnhmhrd gvrjpsodl zgkhnih fdnd su

uŲhsbutd shkdk p jikjk phpsog bgpjergŨdvjstd. zhtj

Ũtj ig jb uerjŲhvhj bidljvg sjpstvgbg pjzd`dig" Fdnd su

uvgrgbd mh dl ig. orjz fjŲhbsoj prhvj orhnigvh. shk Fje

pjsthvdj bh trjb. tg mh su stjeh jbd igmdbj Fjeu d muŲbd

mh jmejvhrhiu" Phmh sg. kgĘutdk. tu bhkgthj d igmhb

phph ojid ąg jtdąd ojrho mhnig jm bidl tvrmgąd mh ig jb.

zhprhvj. enhs FjŲid"

dotjrjk Gkhbugnjk d bigejvjk vnhmjk. igr dsoniuċdvj sg

hi bhċdb kjenh prgmuprgmdtd jouph`dih erhmh Vdkh" @ho d

njvdċbj jmnuċbd ohrmdbhn Hbtjbgnd prgondbihj ig shmh phpu

sg jprgmgnd zh tj rgŨgbig. hnd bd kjnfg bd strhl bdsu bh Sdih

hnd hkh fhŨ bdohohv utd`hi"

MVţOH SHSD

tj fdnh shkj rgho`dih igmbje tvrmjenhvje sthr`h ojid

uŨhbċdj u svjk jsdjbjk svgtu d bgąg bdoum mh krmbg"

ehj ig jb + dnd ig fhr kdsndj mh kjŲg + ijŨ ŨtjŨth mh

muzkg" Ohj prvj. phph Sdig rhċubhj ig bh jfgąhbih

ku ig mhj erja Jtj ajb Fdzkhro. ‒evjzmgbd& ohb`gnhr

sog. zhtdk prusod orhni Qdnlgnk D. hnd d shkh dthndihbsoh

h + svd zhigmbj igkċdnd su ku mh bg p jstjig bd bhik hbid

gmd mh doj sh strhbg zhpjsgmbg phpsou tgrdtjrdiu" Yhtj

Sdig d igstg tjndoj rhsrmdj ohm su jad`drd vjisog d phpsog

`dig dspjnidnd orhibiu surgvbidvjst prgkh tdk jfgąhbidkh"kgrh rhmd. ohm ig bhċgnbdo phpsog pjnd`dig mjŨhj ojm Sdih

hŲdj uputstvh + Ũth mh prgmuzkg ohm pjċbg bhphm. Sdig

projs pjjmkhondk ejmdbhkh. sojċdj dz s tjnd`g d. vhb

jm fgsh. vdobuj9 ‒Yhr td fhŨ bdŨth bg rhzukgŨ: Dkhk

zvhbdċbg ehrhb`dig mh Dthndihbd bgąg bjejk orjċdtd u Vdk(

Ojndoj puth trgfh tj mh pjbjvdk:&

Phk phph. kgmutdk. bdig. pj svgku sumgąd. kjehj mh

rhzukg Ũth ig tj zbhċdnj Ųdvgtd u jfdċbjk svgtu. dzvhb zdmdbh

Qhtdohbh. emg su svhojihog ehrhb`dig mhvhbg d zhfjrhvnihbg

mjo nupdŨ mnhbjk j mnhb. vgą u zhvdsbjstd jm rhzvjih

Yh phpu ig. dzengmh. prgjsthnh shkj ijŨ

igmbh bhmh9 mh prgejvhrh s Qdotjrjk

Gkhbugnjk d bigejvjk vnhmjk. d bh

thi bhċdb sprgċd jouph`diu Vdkh"

mjehĘhih" D uprhvj ig thovh jphsbjst prdprgtdnh kgsg` mhbh

pj jmnhsou Arhbùzh dz Vdkh" Mhbh 63" hveusth 8<53" Mjbidmjk dthndihbsoje Shrnhk gbth dzenhshj ig pjvgrgbig vnhmd.

hnd pjm igmbdk fdtbdk usnjvjk9 orhnigvd kdbdstrd kjrhiu mh

prjbhmu bhċdb mh ‒rdksoj pdthbig rgŨg bh bhċdb ojid ąg fdtd u

shenhsiu s bh`djbhnbdk tgŲbihkh&"




h Sdig D\ prje nhŨhvh p hp so u bg p je rgŨ dv js t u p dth bi dk h

g d kjrhnh" Jvj. bjvj ‒jv nhŨągbig& pjmgn d nj ig ohtj n dċoj

j kbigbig? bg od su f dn d zh m j v j n ib d . m ru e d + p rgs t rhv n igb d "

Sjruoh igstg fdnh mjbgong Ũdarjvhbh. hnd

gfdnjtgŨoj rhznuċdtd bigb prhvd skdshj9

jndoj bhkgrhvhkj mh dspubdkj

bh`djbhnbg tgŲbig&. jbmh sg

ksoj pdthbig& bdohoj bg

jŲg rgŨhvhtd u ojrdst phpdbu"

nbh ndċbjst Ohtjndċog

ovg u Gbengsoji. ohrmdbhn

brd Gmvhrm Kgbdbe.

ejvrgkgbj ig prjzrgj

hsbjst ojiu mjbjsdvjbhsthnh sdtuh dih d

rhŲdj ldthb shsthbho s

gkdigrjk Qgndog Frdthbdig.

digkjk Engmstjbjk.

oj fd svgtjk j`u

gzfgmdj bgjpljmbu pjkją

uojndoj tj fumg pjtrgfbj.

jċdŨtg" Bgmuej zhtdk frjm

bje orhnigvsoje vgndċhbstvh dz

thvh frdthbsog rhtbg anjtg Mdagbs njvdj ig u nuou Ďdvdthvgodih" Sjshmh ig

fdnh bhrgĘgbig mh prdkd phpu uojndoj jvhi

hzd Ųgniu mh bhpustd Vdk"

SJB]HBD„ B GK DV D

jbd`nidv uk sthihj ig dzh jvdl kgrh prgmjstrjŲbjstd" Dzh

l tdl tjfjŲbidl uvgrhvhbih mh bgąg fdtd bhphmh bh Vdk.

dihbsoh vnhmh jċhibdċod ig trhŲdnh dzejvjr ojid fd iji mhj

prhvj mh zhuzkg erhm" Wprojs ċdbigbd`d mh sg th zhkdshj

bdig fdnh dzihnjvdnh. Dthndihbd su prdfgend sngmgągk rgŨgbiu9

jbthbdk& bgkdrdkh u shkjk erhmu Vdku zfje ojidl ąg

fdtd ..u jfhvgzd& mh dbtgrvgbdŨu" Kjend su tj. rg`dkj. fdtd

Ųhbd bhphmd bh ohshrbg. ohj pjvjm zh dzfdihbig bhrjmbje

boh" Shpsog trupg. prgtgŲbj shsthvn igbg jm strhb h`h.

eng su sg pjmkdtdtd d kgĘusjfbj zhvhmdtd. thoj mh pj

hkh dzfdihiu ąhrog u ojig fd sg d sthbjv bd`d bgdzfgŲbj

uċdnd"

Kjenj ig. thojĘg. mh sg prdpu`h pjm jordnigk bjąd. s tu

kj pjbgojk dthndihbsojk zhsthvjk Ũtj sg vdijrd" ‒Цгйвkj stvjrdnd utdsho& + jfihŨb ihvhj ig prgkdigr ējvhbd

h erupd knhmdl zhvgrgbdoh + mh ig ‒Vdk zhendf dj u

rldiu& d mh ‒phpsog vnhstd vdŨg bdsu u sthbiu mh sjpstvgbdk

ehkh zhuzmhiu bjvjbhsthnu sdtuh`diu&" Nhb`h ig jtdŨhj

Erja Jtj ajb F dzkhro . pjzbh t d ohj ‒evjzmgb d ohb`g nh r & Srusog .

d bhċg vg n d o d b gpr n i h tg n i Bhpj ngjbh D DD . js tvhr dj i g svj ig tgŲb ig d

8 < 58 " u i g m db d j b g k h ċ o g m r Ų h v g p jm p r u s o d k v j Ę s t v j k "

d ojrho mhnig. jpjkgbuvŨd svjig snuŨhj`g9

‒Srhvdtg bgrgmg Ũdrjk Vdkh. ojndoj vhk

sr`g dŨtg„. rgohj ig jb zhvgrgbd`dkh.

..hnd bgkjitg mdzhtd rgvjnu`diu"&

Fdnh ig tj rdsohbtbh strhtgedih

s bgprgmvdmdvdk pjsngmd`hkh.

strhtgedih ojih bdig bhdŨnh

bh jmjfrhvhbig uvgo

jfhzrdvje kdbdstrh spjnibdl

pjsnjvh. Gk dndih Qdsojbtd+

+Qgbjstg. ojid sg bhmhjmh ąg dthndihbsoh vnhmh d

phph. khohr d u pjsngmbid

ċhs. uspgtd mh pjstdebu

rgŨgbig prdlvhtnidvj zh

jfg strhbg" Vdzdo bdig fdj u

Qdsojbtdigvji prdrjmd. d jb sg

mj shkjeh orhih bhmhj mh sg.

bgohoj. ‒kjeu shċuvhtd phpdbh

bgzhvdsbjst. snjfjmh d vgrsod

hutjrdtgt&"

B G K H S V G E J Q J V H

Bhivgąh prgprgoh mh sg svg tj bgohoj shċuvh

pjċdvhnh ig. kgĘutdk. u shkjk phpd Sdiu" Jb ujpŨtg bdig

dkhj bhkgru mh prgejvhrh sh dthndihbsojk vnhmjk zhtj Ũtj

fd ig bh thi bhċdb shkj prdzbhj d mhj iji pubd ngedtdkdtgt. Ũtj

phph bdohmh bg fd uċdbdj" @ho bd rhzfjrdtd. ufgmdvhbiu sonjb

Qdsojb td bdig kjehj mh sorŨd phpdb jtpjr" Shpu bdig skgoŨhj

ċho bd vnhmdb pnhb. jfzbhbigb sgptgkfrh 8<53. mh sg

pjenhvhru Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg bh uprhvu mjmgnd thojzvhbd

Nhvnid erhm. mgj Vdkh u ċdigk ig shsthvu fdj d Qhtdohb. bh

mgsbji jfhnd ]dfrh"

Ohj Ũtj sg. ujsthnjk. kjenj d prgmvdmgtd. phph Sdig ig

jmfh`dj jvu zhkdshj" W bigejvdk jċdkh. zh prgvnhst bhm

Vdkjk fjrdng su sg sbheg jmhbg Fjeu prjtdv sbheh mhvjnidl.

d thi rht ąg dzeufdtd bgċhstdvd. jndċgb u vnhmd orhnih Qdotjrh

Gkhbugnh" Wz upjtrgfu bgodl mruedl. kjŲmh bg u tji kgrd

hpjohndptdċbdl pjikjvh. jvhovj kdŨnigbig vnhmhnj ig. khbig+

+vdŨg. u `gnjk Qhtdohbu"Pvg sg jvj. kgĘutdk. mjehĘhnj prg bgej Ũtj su Srusd

zhrjfdnd Bhpjngjbh DDD. prg uodmhbih kjbhrldig u Arhb`usoji

d. bhpjsngtou. prg vgndog pjfgmg Srusog u rhtu 8<53+8<58"

Srgkmh ig svhohoj fdj zhprgphŨągb jvdk mjehĘhidkh. h



63= YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ SVQD

Arhb`uso d `h r Bhpj ngjb D D D . ċ d i h i g vj isoh jmrŲhvh nh rgm u V dku d

ċuvh nh Qh t d ohb d phpu "

bhrjċdtj sdnhsojk Bhpjngjbjvdk s pjndtdċog pjzjrbd`g. phph

Sdig ig dstrhibj jmfdihj svg pjbumg mh sg tgouąd spjr rgŨd fgz

upjtrgfg jruŲih" Igmbu jm tdl pjbumh prdspgndl u pjsngmbidċhs mjbgj ig u Qhtdohb 83" sgptgkfrh 8<53" igmhb pngkdą dz

Sdigkjbth. erja Shb`j md Phb Khrtdb. h u dkg orhnih Qdotjrh

Gkhbugnh. emg sg kjbhrl jfhvgzuig mh ąg bgzhvdsbjst d

uengm Pvgtg stjnd`g fdtd zhŨtdągbd"

Sdig ig prjċdthj orhnigvj pdskj. hnd ig jmfdj mh bh bigeh

jmejvjrd mdrgotbj. vgą ig pjsnhj orhniu shkj igmbu orhtou

bjtu" ‒Erja Shb`h md Phb Khrtdbj prgmhj kd ig pdskj ojig

ig QhŨg vgndċhbstvj Ųgngnj mh kd uputd. hnd tj pdskj bdig

mjstjibj igm bje frdŲbje sdbh ojid tvrmd mh dspjvgmh vgru

ohtjndċou&. bhpdshj ig phph" Jmejvhrhtd shm bh orhnigvg

prgmnjeg. bhpjk gbuj ig Sdig. fdnj fd ohj"""

V ht 8 < 5 3 + 8 < 5 8 " d z k g Ę u A r h b ` u s o g d S ru s o g u p r j p h s t dj i g

Bhpj ngjbh D D D . oj i d i g sgp tgkfrh 8<53" phj u p rusoj zhrjf n igb dŨ tvj .

mh f d pj tjk j t d Ũhj u p rjejbs tvj "




""" sdphtd sj bh bgzh`gnigbg rhbg oj ig ig zh sjfjk jsthvdnj prvj ddthbig ,QhŨgepdskh$""" Fjeh fnhejsdnihk Ũtj ig bhŨhj zh sljm"bj mh QhŨgk vgndċhbstvu mjzvjnd mh pjsngmbig ejmdbg kjeh Ųdvjth dspubd jvhovjk ejrċdbjk" D kjndk Eh mh jfhspg QhŨg vgndċhbstvj svjijk fjŲhbsojk kdnjŨąu. mh Qhs zhŨtdtd jm svhog jphsbjstd d fu mg f nhe prgkh Qhkh. igr Qhkh ąg th fnhejst fdtd d tg ohoj pjtrgfbh"

Shph ig. ŨthvdŨg. fdj sdeurhb mh ąg

pjmbgtd prdtdsog. mh ąg prgerkgtd svg d

h`g. uojndoj bg fumg kjenj mruehċdig.

prg d Ųdvjt mhtd bgej mh prhvd ustupog dprgmhig mruejkg phpsog zgknig. bh

ojig igmdbj Fje pjnhŲg prhvj"

H] JĎ GB DO Q H ] D O H B H

uŨtdbh pjruog fdnh ig. rhzukg sg. dsth ohj

bdig" Bgąg fdtd ouohvdċodl ustuphoh

hvjnu d bigejvdk ljrmhkh" Shph ig.hvdŨg. fdj sdeurhb mh ąg pjmbgtd

dtdsog. mh ąg prgerkgtd svg d mh ąg.

ojndoj bg fumg kjenj mruehċdig. prg

dvjt mhtd bgej mh prhvd ustupog d

gmhig mruejkg phpsog zgknig. bh

jig igmdbj Fje pjnhŲg prhvj" Sdig.

orhiu. bdig mhj Ųdvjt u jmfrhbd

kh" Yfje svje tvrmjenhvje

hvh. pjsthj ig + pj bigejvdk

hstdtdk rgċdkh + ‒zhtjċgbdo

htdohbh&" Mj orhih Ųdvjth

<5<$ bdig bhpuŨthj

tdohbsou gbonhvu. h dsth

mfdbh prhtdąg. u bhrgmbdl

nh vgoh. ċgtvjrd`u pjbtdah

id su Sdih bhsngmdnd bh

gstjnu svgtje Sgtrh"

vhbd N hb`h bhn hz dj sg bh m u Ųb j s t d

msgmbdoh Phvgth kdbdsthrh Dthndig

vdvhngbt prgkdigrh$ u pgrdjmu jm

14" mj 8<50" ejmdbg. d zbhtbj mjprdbgj

pjsthvn ihbiu vnhmg uigmdbigbg Dthn d ig u Vdku"



SHSG

YH]J@GBDO QH]DOHB H. MGJ MVWED

Orhnigvdbh Dthndih prjenhsdnh ig rht Shpsodk mrŲhvhkh 83" sgptgkfrh 8<53"

ejmdbg" Mvh mhbh ohsbdig. dthndihbsog sbheg uŨng su bh phpsou tgrdtjrdiu" Ďgtdrd

mhbh pjsng tjeh. Dthndihbd su zhuzgnd nuou Ďdvdthvgodih"

Jmhtng su. pjtjk nhehbj bhprgmjvhnd prgkh Vdku.

umhnigbjk joj 13 odnjkgthrh. h svg u bhmd mh ąg

u kgmuvrgkgbu fdtd pjstdebut spjrhzuk. tg mh

d bgąg kjrhtd erhm mh zhuzdkhiu sdnjk" W tjk skdsnu. pj

mjvdkh su ngpdnd prjphehbmbg pnhohtg. s pjruohkh ojig su

hŲhvhng mjfru vjniu d kdrjniufdvg bhkgrg"

Hu shkjkg Vdku. vhtdohbsog vnhstd bdsu vgrjvhng

jphehbmd" Sjm phpdbdk vjmstvjk. fdng su. ŨthvdŨg.

gĘgbg mh ąg dk sphs u pjsngmbid ċhs mjbgtd shkj FjŲig

mdbhnd u kjndtvd ,ngvj$ mjo phph Nhv \DDD ngŲd bh shkrtd 8430" Shph

fdj ig ufgĘgb u svjiu bgpjergŨdvjst. ohj d bigejv prgtljmbdo.

D\" Shph Fgbgmdot \Q ,ejrg$ vnhmhj ig jm 848=" mj 8466"

prjvdmgbig" Mj tjeh bdig mjŨnj" Mhbh 84" sgptgkfrh Dthndihbd

su stdend mj Hurgndigvdl fgmgkh. 8< kgthrh vdsjog d 84

odnjkg thrh muehċog erhĘgvdbg ojih ig joruŲdvhnh Vdk" Phmh

ig erhm stvhrb j fdj pjm jpshmjk" Sjm jpshm jk sg dstje

tje mhbh bhŨhj d Shrdz. ojid su jpojndnd Srusd" W Qhtdohbu su

uvdmgnd mh bgk h bdohovg bhmg mh dk Arhb`uzd prdtgobu u

pjkją. hnd phph Sdig jċgodvhj ig mh Hustrdih. ohj bhikjąbdih

ohtjndċoh mrŲhvh u Gvrjpd. prgmuzkg bgŨtj"

H W P ] V D I H B @ D B H J M P ] J I H B I WHustrdihb`d. kgmutdk. bdsu fdnd prgvdŨg zhergihbd mh sthbu

bh strhbu Qhtdohbh d. bh thi bhċdb. rdzdouiu mh umu u rht

sh Dthndihbdkh. Ũtj ig hustrdisod `hr Arhbij Ijsda engmhj mh

635



63< YH]JĎGBDO QH]DOH BH. MGJ MVWED

S V J S HE HB M B D V H]

Mvg strhbg ojig su sg suojfdng joj prgvnhstd bhm

Vdkj k + dthndihbsod bh`djbhndstd d vhtdohbsog vnhstd+ prdfgehvhng su prjphehbmd ohoj fd erhmhbdkh

bhkgtbund dmgig zh ojig sg zhnhŲu" P bh`djbhndstdċog

strhbg. pjruou ig pjsnhj Vhahgn Ohmjrbh. sthrgŨdbh

vjibg mdvdzdig ojih ig bhprgmjvhnh oh Vdku" Bigejvd

prjtdvbd`d dz Qhtdohbh fdnd su. kgmutdk. frŲd. ph su

zhngpdnd pnhohtg s pjruojk ċdid ig `dni fdj mh zhstrhŨd

erhmsod Ųdvhni9

Vdknihbd( WŲhsbj znj sg bhmvdnj( Pvgtd jth`. ojid

kdrbj stjnuig u Pvjkg prgstjbjk erhmu d jbdk khnjfrjibdk prjvdb`dihkh ojig su zh shm ijŨ

pjŨtgĘgbg jm uzurph`dig. mjŲdvnihvh jvdl mh bh mh ku. fgz dohovjepjvjmh. prgtd vjisoh igmbje ohtjndċoje orhnih" Vdk ig. mhong. u jpshmbjk sthbiu"

Ohmjrbdbd pnhohtd. prgngpnigbd prgoj jvdl

hpjohndptdgbdl bhihvh. jfrhąhnd su sg Vdknihbdk h

fnhŲdk tjbjk. h fdnh ig tu d zhigmnidvh bjth upuągbh

Arhb`uzdkh9

Dthndihbd dz rdksodl prjvdb`dih( Bgzhvdsbjst Pvgtg stjnd`g bgąg fdtd uerjŲgbh. ohj bd snjfjmh erhĘhbh. vgą ąg. bhprjtdv. fdtd ċvrŨąg zhihkċgbg bgej pjm zhŨtdtjk sbheh dz dbjstrhbstvh"

dzfgebg pj svhou `gbu" BhivdŨg Ũtj su Hustrdihb`d kjend

mh uċdbg fdnj ig mh dzrhzg svjiu fgzrgzgrvbu jmhbjst phpd

Sdiu d pjbumg ku utjċdŨtg u fdnj ojk erhmu Hustrjuehrsog`hrgvdbg. u snuċhiu. bhrhvbj. mh jb jmnuċd mh bhpustd Vdk"

Kjbsdbijr Pohpdbgnd. hpjstjnsod bub`dig u Fgċu. ltgj ig

mh puobg jm igmh ohm ig prdkdj jvu pjruou" ‒Kjrh ċjvgo mh

dkh pgtniu&. rgohj ig Pohpdbgnd hustrdisojk kdbdstru spjnibdl

pjsnjvh. erjau Ardmrdlu Agrmdbhbmu ajb Fjistu. ..ph mh kg

pjzjvg mh sg prgsgndk u bigejvu ouąu. h mh prdtjk bg ċdbd

fhŨ bdŨth ohoj kg bg fd dzfh`dnd dz kjig sjpstvgbg(&

Qdotjr Gkhbugn ig. u kgmuvrgkgbu. pjouŨhvhj

mdpnjkhtsodk putgk mh ufgmd phpu mh sg prgmjkdsnd. ph

mh tj ‒rdksoj pdthbig& rgŨg bh spjrhzukhb bhċdb" Bdigku sg pjsrgądnj" Sdig bdig Ųgngj mh prdlvhtd hreukgbth`diu

ojih sg zhsbdvhnh bh prgmvdmhbidkh mh ąg erhm mjŲdvgtd

lukhbdthrbu ohthstrjau d mh ąg kbjed Ųdvjtd fdtd dzeufnigbd

Qjisoh Orhn igvdbg D thn d ig bhphnh ig Vdk ,ejrg$ d zhuzgnh eh u

sgptgkfru 8<53" Dz rgŨgthb d r dkso d fgmgkd ,mj ng$ "

uojndoj mjmg mj prdkgbg sdng" Jmejvhrhiuąd bh pjbumu.

phph ig rgohj Dthndihbdkh mh ąg dsoniuċdvj jbd d bidljv orhni.

h bg jb. fdtd jmejvjrbd zh gvgbtuhnbg Ųrtvg. tg mh ąg jbd. dshkj jbd. kjrhtd mh pjbgsu jerjkbj frgkg jmejvjrbjstd

prgm Fjejk. hnd d prgm sumjk dstjrdig"

M J ] G V H N D @ H V H M J M W Q H V H

W tjk ċhsu fdnj ig jċdengmbj mh ąg jfg strhbg jsthtd prd

svjidk zhltgvdkh. d mh su prgejvjrd zhphnd u ąjrsjoho"

Sjsng tjeh. dthndihbsodk sbhehkh bdig prgjsthnj bdŨth mruej

bgej mh sg prdprgkg zh unhzho u Vdk. h phpd. s mrueg

strhbg. mh ihvbj mgkjbstrdrh vgru u Fjeh" Shph Sdig. shmh

5<+ejmdŨbiho. ongobuj ig d thoj. bh ojngbdkh. uspgj sguz6<

svgtdl stgpgbdoh bgmhngoj jm @rovg sv" Ijvhbh Nhtgrhbsoje"

PtdehvŨd mj vrlh stgpgbdŨth. pjkjndj sg Fjeu. prgondbiuąd

eh mh zhŨtdtd bigejv bhrjm" Kbjed niumd u joupnigbji ejkdnd

prgm jvdk prdzjrjk pustdnd su suzu"

BhivdŨg Ũtj su Hustrdihb`d kjend mh uċdbg fdnj ig mh phpd Sdiu D\

pjbumg utjċdŨtg u fdnj ojk erhmu Hustrjuehrsog `hrgvdbg. u snuċhiu mh

jb jmnuċd mh bhpustd Vdk"

Bhphm dthndihbsog vjisog zhpjċgj ig u pgt shtd dziutrh

63" sgptgkf rh 8<53 " ejmdbg" Hkgrdċod ojbzun u Vdku. mr

Kgitnhbm Hrk strjbe. jvhoj ig jpdshj mjehĘhig ojid su sg

tje mhbh jmderhnd9

Sjohzhnj sg mh sthrg zdmdbg bg kjeu mh jmjng tgŨoji hrtdnigrdid" Sjsng svgeh ċgtdrd+p gt shtd fgmgkd su bh

pj igm dbdk kgstdkh fdn d pjtpubj srhvbigbd sh zgknijk. h bgmhngoj jm Sjrth Sdih vdmd sg prjmjr Ũdrjo svdl 87 kgthrh " Dthndihbd su bhlrupdnd u erhm d mjsnjv`geh

prgpnhv dnd. mh fd. u dstj vrgkg. uspgj d bidljv bhphm bh pjrtu Phb ējvhbd" P oupjng ,Fhzdndog$ Pvgtje Sgtrh thmh sg zhvdijrdnh fg nh zhsthvh" Ohm su tjpjvd utdlbund. phpsog trupg pruŲdng su snhfhŨhb jtpjr. d jbd ojid su mj prg bgod

ċhs bgprdojsbjvgbj vnhmhnd Vdkjk shmh su ejtjvj svd rgmjk fdnd zhrjfnigbd. dnd sg shordnd u mvjr`u PhbtHbmgnj. jmbjsbj pjtrhŲdn d prdfgŲdŨ tg bh ]reu svgtje Sgtrh"



YH]JĎGBDO QH]D OH BH. JGJ MVWED 634



68 3 YH]JĎGBDO QH]DOHBH. MGJ MVWED

Fdtoh zh Vdk. zhprhvj. bdig fdnh bd dzfndzh thoj surjvh ohoj

fd sg kjenj bhsnutdtd bh jsbjvu dzvgŨthih mr Hrkstrjbeh"

Shpsog sbheg mjfdng su bhrgmgbig mh pruŲg thkhb tjndoj

jtpjrh ojndoj mh sg vdmd mh su vjnibd d sprgkbd mh frhbg

Pvgtu stjnd`u. mjo su. s mrueg strhbg. dthndihbsog sbheg mjfdng

strdotbh uputstvh mh Qhtdohbu bhbgsu Ũtj khbiu Ũtgtu. mhbdohoj bg jtvhrhiu vhtru bh `dvdng. tg mh bh Nhvnigk erhmu bd

igm bh igmdbh `denh bg skg mh ahnd" Khmh ig Sdig jmfdj pjbumu

mh prgmh Nhvnid erhm. dthndihbsoh vnhmh bdig prjkgbdnh

jmnuou9 thi erhm d mhnig ąg jsthtd phpsoh tgrdtjrdih"

H kjŲmh ig p jstjihj ijŨ igmhb ċ dbdnh` ojid ig utd`hj

bh stdŨhvhbig strhstd9 rhspjnjŲgbig ojig ig tdl mhbh

prgjvnhmhvhnj u Vdku" Shph ig bgspjrbj dkhj vgrbg

sngmfgbdog ojid su sg uŲhshvhnd shkg pjkdsnd bh tj mh ąg

bidljv pjenhvhr kjrhtd mh jmg dz erhmh d jsthvd dl fgz

vjmstvh" Fdnj ig. s mrueg strhbg. kgmu Vdknihbdkh d kbjej

jbdl ojid su bhmdruąg dthndihbsog trupg mjŲdvnihvhnd ohj

jsnjfjmdnhċog. ohj sbheg ojig ąg dk ojbhċbj sodbutdsvrhth phpsod ihrhk" IjŨ su vdsg zhfrdbutjstd dzhzdvhnd zhltgvd

Sjnd t dċod str dp prdohzuig phpu Sd ih D\ ,u prvjk pnhbu$. jfgzvnhŨ+

ągbje pjsng 8<58" ejmdbg. ohoj shv turjfhb jmnhzd mjo joupn igbd

Vdknihbd on dċu pjfgmbdou. orhn iu Qdotjru Gkhbugnu DD ,u pjzhmdbd.

mrue d zmgsbh$ "

PHB@]H P@HNH + PQG]G P]GSGBD@GSjstjid vgrjvhbig mh ig 6 < stgpgbdoh jm fgnje kgrkgrh.

ojid `dbg Phb`th P`hnh ,Pvgtg stgpgbd`g$ uzgtj. zhprhvj.

dz stgpgbdŨth ojig ig vjmdnj mj prgtjrdiukh. ti" strhŲhrsog

sjfg u Igrushndku. thkj emg ig Dsus dzvgmgb prgm

Sjbtdih Sdnhth. rdksoje bhk gsbdoh mrgvbg Iumgig"

Pkhtrh sg mh su sg jvg stgp gbd`g pjsvgtdng prg bgŨtj

khbig jm mvg ldnihmg ejmdbh. ohmh ig bh bidl ohbunh

Dsusjvh orv" Srgmhbig vgnd mh su Phb`th P`hnh jmbgtg dz

Igrushndk h d prgvgzgbg u Dthndiu bgemg joj 061 " ejm dbg

bjvg grg pj bhnjeu `hrd`g Igngbg. pjtjbig svgtg Igngbg.

h jbmh pjbjvj pjmdebutg u ojkpngosu rdksodl phnhth

u ojidkh su fjrhvdng phpg" Pvgth Igngbh fdnh ig. dbhċg.

khioh `hrh Oj bsthbtdbh D. ojid ig joj 003" ejmdbg uvgj

lrdŨąhbstvj ohj zvhbdċbu rgndediu u Vdksoj `hrstvj"

Ejmdbg 87<4. pj bhnjeu phpg Pdosth Q. Pvgtg

stgpgbd`g prgkgŨtgbg su bh kgstj emg sg d mhbhs

uzmdŲu. bh unhz u sthru ohpgnu Phb`th Phb`tjruk ,Pvgtd

bhm svgtdkh$ u sthrji Nhtgrhbsoji phnhtd u Vdku" Pdost igtrhŲdj mh sg zdmjvd joj stgpgbdŨth d thvhbd`h dzbhm bidl

dzmhŨbj uorhsg d jsndohiu argsohkh. zh Ũth su hbehŲjvhbd

frjibd dsthobutd uk gtbd`d dz gpjlg rgbgshbsg" Sj

ohtjndċoji trhmd`did. ljmjċhsbd`d ojid mjmu mh vdmg Pvgtg

stgpgbd`g kjrhiu uz bidl mh sg pjpbu bh ojngbdkh"

Orjz jvhi ċdb p jfjŲbj std kjeu sgfd mh jfgzfgmg jprjst

ergljvh"

Sjsgt dj` d Qh t d ohbh pgb iu sg uzh Pvg tg s tgpgb d`g d so n i uċ d vj bh

oj ngb dkh. fumuą d mh dk ig i gm dbj bh th i bhċ db mjzvj n igbj mh

s t debu mj v rlh "



YH]JĎGBDO QH ]DO HBH . MGJ MVWED 688

SJSG SDWP D\"



686 YH]JĎGBDO QH]DOHBH. MGJ MVWED

bhrjmbdl khsh mh sg svd khbhstdrd. ohoj jbd kuŨod. thoj d

jbd Ųgbsod. dzkgstg bgoum dz Vdkh. d mh sg kjbhsd d jphtd`g

prjtgrhiu dz erhmh"

Sjskhtrhċ ojid ig rdksod prjst puo ,fhssj pjp jnj$

svjigvrgkgb j bhzvhj ‒mdvnidk d orvjŲgmbdk & + bdig

prgtgrdvhj" Mh su sg d td niumd prdoniuċdnd dthndihbsodk

Wsnjvd prgmhig ufrzj su uthbhċgbd. d

`gj V d k . dzuzgv Nhvnige erhmh. uŨhj ig

u shsthv mrŲhvg Qdotjrh Gkhbugnh DD.

prvje orhnih Dthndig"

sbhehkh. zhuzdkhbig Vdkh fdnj fd prhągbj kbjej

vgądk prjndvhbigk orvd d rhzhrhbigk. ph ig thoj jfgkh

zhdbtgrgsjvhbdk strhbhkh fdnj u dbtgrgsu mh sg pjshj jfhvd

frzj d ċdstj" H ohm ig svg zhvrŨgbj. bh frzdbu su ushenhŨgbd

usnjvd prgmhig. d `gj Vdk. dzuzgv Nhvnige erhmh. uŨhj ig u

shsthv mrŲhvg bh ċdigk ig ċgnu fdj Qdotjr Gkhbugn DD. prvd

orhni Dthndig"

Vdk ig shmh fdj igmhb pjtpubj mruehċdid erhm"

Igmhb jm erhmsodl bjvdbsodl ndstjvh. u dzmhbiu

jm 60" sgptgkfrh. snhvjmjfdtbj ig bhfrhihj

svh jerhbdċgbih ojih ig pjmrhzukgvhnh

phpsoh uprhvh9

Sjsng 87 vgojvh krhoh d Ųhnjstd. ċgkgrh d ihmh. Vdk + bgohmh vnhmhr `gnjeh svgth+ pjbjvj ig pjs thj prgstjbd erhm igmbg vgndog mrŲhvg" M hbhs ig zh bhs. Vdknihbg. mhb bgjpdsdvg rhmjstd" Mhbhs sg u Vdku snjfjmh vdsg bg skhtrh znjċdbjk. h

prhvj bh s njfjmu ejvjrh ojrdstd svhoj. bg pnhŨgą d sg dbovdzd`dig. njk hċg. vgŨhnh" Pvgtnj erhmhbsog snjfjmg ojig ig. fngsbuvŨd

prvj u Arhb`usoji 85<4. jfhsihnj

Kdb ds th r spj n ib dl pjs njvh

D t hn d i g . Gkd n dj Q dso jb t d +

+Qgbjsth. zhnhehj sg zh

pjkd rgb ig d zkgmu v nhmg ċ d i d ig f dj ċ nh b d p hp g Sd ih D\. hn d ig

bhobhmbj uv dmgj ohoj pjb t d a . zhprhvj .

j tjk g ujpŨ tg d bg rhzkdŨ n i h "

`gnu Gvrjpu. sdih shmh d bhm vgċbdk erhmjk" Yh Vdkig D

srgmbid vgo tgo mhbhs zhvrŨgb(

QdmgvŨd ohoj sg bh svg strhbg vgndċhiu snjfjmg ojig ig jb |

thoj dstrhibj pjouŨhvhj mh ueuŨd. shkj ig mjmhtbj uċvrstdnjF

phpu Sdih u sthrdk uvgrgbidkh" Dthndihbd su pjouŨhndmhku Dustupg Nhvni d erhm" Jb i g tj jmfdj " SrgmnjŲgbj ig mh ku sg D

uohŲg pjċhst. hnd Sdig ig d tj j mfdj. igr fd u tjk snuċhiu jb. D

ohj phph. kj rhj mh prdkd prgmsthvbdoh ‒orhnih uzurphtjrh& D

Qdotjrdih Gkhbugnh. h jb tj bdpjŨtj bdig Ųgngj mh uċdbd"

B G K H S V G M H IG

Jbdkh ojid su sg bhmhnd pjkdrgbiu. ohj Ũtj su Gkdndj

Qdsojbtd+Qgbjsth dnd prgkdigr Nhb`h. tgo ig thmh sdbunj

mh Sdig. zhprhvj. bdohmh bgąg prdlvhtdtd bdohohv prgmnje.

pjbumu. ph ċho bd bhejvgŨthi mj frg vjnig dthndihbsog vnhmg" D

Pvd pjouŨhid vnhmg mh sg bgohoj dpho prjbhĘg zhigmbdąod

igzdo s phpjk bhdnhz dnd su bh fgsojk prjkdshb jtpjr. Ũtj

ig u shk ji vnhmd fumdnj strgpb iu. h u Qhtdohbu stvhrhnj

bgzmrhvu htkjsagru"

]hkh ig . thoj. prgvnhmhnh bhm svgtnjŨąu. d shmh su sg

ohrmdbhnd pnhŨdnd mh dzhmu bh und`u dnd mh sg vjzgu

rhsojŨbdk ojċdihkh pj ojidkh sg jmkhl

vdmgnj mh tj prjnhzg phpdbg snueg" Sj

Vdku su sg kjend vdmgtd svgŨtgbd`d

ohoj sg Ũubihiu. jċdtj u strhlu mh

ąg dl prgpjzbhtd d khntrgtdrhtd

bgp rdihtg nisod bhstrjigbg nuthiuąg

fhbmg" D. Ũtj ig kjŲmh fdnj d bhiejrg

jm svgeh. bh svg strhbg rhzngehnd

su sg pjvd`d9 ‒Pkrt phpd(„. ojid su sg

d tg ohoj mjfrj ċund d ubuthr shkje

Qhtdohbh" P jfzdrjk bh tj mh ig shmh fdnh

usthbjvnigbh snjfjmh pdshbg rgċd. shmh

su sg pj Vdku jtvjrgbj prjmhvhngpjmrdvhċog d fjejlunbg obideg.

ojig su shkj mjmhtbj

pjmergvhng krŲbiu

prgkh phpstvu.

d th ig krŲbih

fdvhnh svg

jċdengmbdih bh

`gnjk prjstjru

bjvjstvjrgbg

dthndihbsog orhnigvdbg"Sj rgċdkh

bgukjrbje phpdbje

mrŲhvbje sgorgthrh. ohrmdbhnh



YH]JĎGBDO QH]DOHBH. MGJ MVWED 68 0

mdbhn ēhojkj Hbtjbgn d fdj ig zbhċhibh n dċbjst u Qhtdohbu

gkg n dfgrhnbdl rgvjnu`d ih 8<=<" ejmdbg" Pkgnj ig frhbdj

zgrvhtdvbh engmdŨth phpg Sd ih D\ bh rgvjnu`djbhrbh zfdvhbih"

tjbgndih. uċgsthnh shjpŨtgbih u ojidkh vnhmh dsohzuig

tjvhbig prgkh phpd. frdeu zh bigejvj fnhejsthbigzfgmbjst. ohj d Ųgniu mh sg ojbhċbj mjĘg mj

kprjkdsbje rgŨgbih ojig ąg pjbtdau jkjeuądtd mh

jmbj jfhvnih svjiu mu Ųbjst + fdnh su. zhprhvj. tgo

ċbh ahshmh dzh ojig su sg jmderhvhng strhŨbg znjupjtrgfg"

uŲuiuąd dthndihbsou vnhmu. Hbtjbgnd ig. pjrgm jsthnje.

shj9

" jmuzdkhbig svdl pj sgmh mjstjihbstvgbjk pjenhvhru @rovg. ohj d svdl prdljmh. ohj d fjk fhrmjvhbig

rgstjbd`g ohtjndċhbstvh. fgzfjŲbdċoh prjph eh bm h jih sg kgmu sthbjvbdŨtvjk Ũdrd putgk prjphehbmg . gstjod bhphmd bh rgndediu d kjbhŨog rgmjvg. jfgsvgągbig htjndċoje jfrgmh. ojid sg shmh jfgngŲhvh ohj puoj

prhzbjvgrig. jmbjŨgbig svdl rgndedisodl sndoh dz mrdhvbdl Ũojnh. d tj pj bhrgmfd vnhmg. d bgŨtj Ũtj. gvj. vgą trhŲg. h tj ig mh sg dkg Dsusjvj uonjbd dz bhtpdsh dzbhm ohpdig Vdksoje ubdvgrzdtgth"

Wprojs ċdb igbd`d mh ku bgpjsrgmbj joruŲgbig bdig fdnj

bd bhikhbig bhonjbigbj. ohrmdbhn Hbtjbgnd ig bh jvhi

bhċdb bgukjrbj pjouŨhvhj mh pjmsthobg phpsog bub`dig

rhspjrgmgbg pj gvrjpsodk prgstjbd`hkh mh utdċu bh vnhmg

ojig su s phpjk jmrŲhvhng prdihtgnisog jmbjsg ohoj fd.

ojbhċbj. pruŲdng pjmrŨou Qhtdohbu" Phv bigejv trum urjmdj

ig tgo pj ojidk . igmvh mjvjnib dk. pnjmjk" W Bgkhċoji su.

bh prdkgr. prvh`d. pngkdąd d prhvbd`d u jmrgmgbjk frjiu

W Bgkhċoji su. bh prdkgr. prvh`d. pngkdąd d prhvbd`d dz vgąge frjih

mrŲhvh pjtpdshnd pgtd`diu u ojiji

jsuĘuiu jouph`diu Vdkh"

mrŲhvh pjtpdshnd pgtd`diu u ojiji jsumuiu jouph`diu Vdkh

d ruŨgbig phpdbg vgojvbg vnhstd bhm Shpsodk mrŲhvhkh" W

Fgnedid. h d u ijŨ bgodk zgknihkh. ohtjnd`d su pjmstrgohvhbdbh prjtgstbg soupjvg bh ojidkh sg j zhuzdkhbiu Vdkh

ejvjrdnj ohj j bhiejrgk svgtjermu. h j prgtbihkh

upuągbdk shkjkg phpd ohj j svjigvrsbjk j`gufdstvu"

Gvrjpsodk erhmjvdkh orsthrdng su prjtgstbg pjvjrog.

jmrŲhbj ig bh stjtdbg kdsh" Fdsoupd Bgkhċog d Fgnedig ndċbj

su uputdnd Qdotjru Gkhbugnu d bigejvji vnhmd prjtgstbg

bjtg" Ďgstj ig pjbhvnihbj bjvj. bgzvhbdċbj phpdbj zvhbig.

‒zhtjċgbdo Qhtdohbh&. ohj Ũtj sg kbjej gbgredig trjŨdnj

bh niutdtg jsumg dthndihbsodl ‒igrgtdoh& d pjzdvhbig bh tgŨog

ohzbg ojig dl ċgohiu zh pjċdbigbg ‒znjċdbg&"

H B ] J B G N D B G Y B H ţ ] H ā G

Jbj. kgmutdk. Ũtj ig Hbtjbgnd bhivdŨg prdŲgniodvhj +

ushenhŨgbh. svggvrjpsoh ohkphbih ojiu fd ohtjndċog vnhmg.

svgŨtgbstvj d phstvh jrehbdzjvhnd d dzvrŨdnd jzfdnihb prdtdsho

bh Dthndihbg ohoj fd sg jvd pjvuond dz Vdkh d Shpsodl mrŲhvh.

d vrhtdnd phpd jbj Ũtj ku pj bhsngmbjk prhvu prdphmh + bdig

fdnj bd bh pjkjnu" W dsorgbji Ųgnid mh dzfhvd phpu Sdih dz

fgzbhmbg sdtuh`dig u ojiji sg bhŨhj. Hbtjbgnd ig prgvdmgj

oniuċbu ċdbigbd`u u vgzd sh Gvrjpjk s orhih mgvgtbhgstjevgoh" Ojbtdbgbt ig. bhdkg. vgą fdj mhngoj jmkhohj jm

vrgkgb h ohmh su vnhmhrd bhk gthnd svjiu vjniu d jċgodvhnd

fgspjejvjrbu pjsnuŨbjst pjmhbdoh" Vgvjnu`dig ojig su



68= YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ MVWED

sg jmderhng prvj 85<4. h pjtjk 8<=<" ejmdbg + sthvdng su

hċou bh dstjrdiu tg d thovg Gvrjpg" ]j ig bgmvjskdsngbj

pjtvrmgbj ijŨ igmbjk . u bgpjsrgmbji prjŨnjstd + kdsndkj

bh Shrdsou ojkubu s pjċgtoh 8<58" ejmdbg + ohmh su

hmbd`d. j ojidkh su igmbd ejvjrdnd ohj j hbhrldstdkh. h

mrued ohj j sj`dihndstdkh. usthnd prjtdv arhb`usog vnhmg. ojihg prg tjeh fdnh prdbumgbh mh prdlvhtd pj bdŲhvhiuąd kdr s

Srusdkh"

Ptvhrbjst ig upjzjrhvhnh mh fd

vrhąhbig bgohmhŨbig kjm igmbjk

bgpjergŨdvjk phpd. ojid ig jtvjrgbj

pjohzhj zufg shvrgkgbjk svgtu.

sdeurbj dzhzvhnj jpŨtd kgtgŲ"

Knho jmejvjr Hustrdihbh`h d Fgnedihbh`h bh Hbtjbgndigvg

kjnfg bh bhifjnid ig bhċdb jsndohvhj tu bjvjbhsthnu

sdtuh`diu. ltgnd tj Sdig d bigejv jmhbd mrŲhvbd sgorgthr mh vdmg

dnd bg" Ptvhrbjst ig upjzjrhvhnh mh fd vrhąhbig bgohmhŨbig

kjm igmbjk bgpjergŨdvjk phpd ojid ig jtvjrgbj pjohzhj

zufg shvrgkgbjk svgtu sdeurbj dzhzvhnj jpŨtd lhjs"

Bhrjmd ojid su uprhvj stgond bgog bjvg snjfjmg u tjk fdsnuċhiu sdeurbj usthnd u jmfrhbu tgŨoj stgągbdl erhmhbsodl

prhvh d snjfjmh ojig uz th prhvh dmu" Sdih. sgk tjeh. bdsu

bd zhbdkhnd prjtgstd. mgkjbstrh`dig. uvgrhvhbih d uvrthbih

ruou" W b igejvdk jċdk h. igmdbd prdlvhtnidv dsljm fdj fd mh sg

dthndihbsoh mrŲhvh rhsphrċh" Qdotjr Gkhbugn sg. mhong. kjrh

pjsnhtd bhzhm u Sdigkjbt. jmhong ig d mjŨhj" Vdk d Shpsog

mrŲhvg kjrhiu sg vrhtdtd jbjkg ojkg prdphmhiu. prd ċgku

+ ohoj ig ndċbj Hb tjbgnd pjmvuohj + u mgnj trgfh sprjvgstd

‒pjtpub d `gnjvdt pjvrhąhi phpdbdl pjsgmh d jvnhŨągbih&"

W K D V W D O V H N I D S H S H

Qrgkg ig prjnhzdnj. h bd igmbh bd mrueh strhbh bdig bd zh

pgmhni jmstuphnh jm zhuzgtdl pjzd`dih. ph ig sthbig fdnj

bgdzkgbigbj d 8<5<" ejmdbg. ohmh su prgkdbunh jfjid`h

enhvbdl prjthejbdsth. orhni Qdotjr Gkhbugn d phph Sdig"

Orhni ig jtdŨhj prvd. 4" ihbuhrh. u 75" ejmdbd Ųdvjth. d tj jm

pjsngmd`h zhphnigbih pnuąh. pjŨtj ig phph Sdig prdsthj mh

ku dspubd pjsngmbid zhltgv + mh eh prdċgstd" Yh orhnigk ig.

Ojkubhr d oj i d su sg fjr d n d zh dmg ig sj` d i h n d s t d ċog Shr d sog ojkubg

<58" ejm dbg jvgojvgċgb d su bh jvj i aj tjerh a d i d sb dkn igbj i bh ]reu

Qhbmjk. o rh i s tufh oj i d i g Bhpj ngjb Fjbhphr th pjm dehj u zbho

gąhb ih bh pjfgmu u f d ` d ojm Hus tg r n d `h 8<37 "



YH]JĎGBDO QH]D OH BH. MGJ MVWED 687



681 YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ MVWED

pjsng svgeh ċgtdrd bgm gnig. jtdŨhj d phph. 5" agfruhrh" Dkhj ig

<7 ejmdbh. d zh bidk ig fdj bhimuŲd pjigmdbhċbd pjbtdadoht u

dstjrdid phpstvh"

Mjo ig ohtjndċod svgt fdj u Ųhnjstd. bhŨnj sg d jbdl

Fumuąbjst phpstvh. u jmbjsu bh

dthndihbsou mrŲhvu. bdig dzengmhnh

jfgąhvhiuąg"

ojid su dsojrdstdnd phpdbj upjojigbig mh dsohŲu svji ebgv

zfje pjigmdbdl bigejvdl pjstuphoh d sthvjvh" @rovh d

ohtjndċoj svgŨtgbstvj fdnd su dznjŲgbd prjejbu u Bgkhċoji

d Pvhi`hrsoji" W H ustrdid ig pho pjoj ibd Sdig j`rb igb zfje

tjeh Ũtj ig jmfdj mh prdkd igmbje ċnhbh `hrsog pjrjmd`gojid ig u Vdk mjŨhj mh fd prdsustvjvhj shlrhbd pjojibje

orhnih" Pgounhrbh. hbtdohtjndċoh phrtdih. ojih ig ehidnh

Ųgstjou krŲbiu prgkh shkji usthbjvd phpstvh. vnhmhnh

ig u tj vrgk g u Arhb `u soji . zgk nid ojih ig bgohmh snjvdnh D

zh zhŨtdtbd`u Pvgtg stjnd`g" Bd ţphbdih bd Fgnedih. prgkmh

ohtjndċog zgknig. bdsu vdsg fdng bhonjbigbg Qhtdohbu"

W thovdk jojnbjstdkh. fumuąbjst phpstvh d jmbjsh

Qhtdohbh sh dthndihbsojk mrŲhvjk bdig dzengmhnh bdkhnjjfgąhvhiuąh" Sjihvdnh sg u tj vrgkg pjtrgfh zh bjvdk

oniuċb dk ndċb jstdk h + bjvdk orhnigk d bjvdk phpjk+ojid D

ąg pjoh zht d sprgkbj st zh ojkp rjk ds" Fdnj ig. dzbhm svgeh. D

vhŲbj mh jfjid`h dspjnig kumrjst d ojbhċbj pjorgbu`gj

prj`gs thkj emg ig jb zhu sthvnigb skrąu Qdotjrh Gkhbugnh D

d Sdih D\" Jfjid`h su. prdtjk. kjrhnh mh rhċubhiu d s tdk

mh ąg. svhod pjbhjsjf. dkhtd joj sgfg fgsojkprjkdsbg

sngmfgbdog. Ųgstjoj suprjtsthvnigbg bhkgrhkh jbg

mrueg strhbg. ojid ąg jm bidl zhltgvhtd mh pjsgŲu d zh

bhiorupbdidk rgċdkh ohoj fd bh Ũtj ruŲbdid bhċdb dzvrgĘhnd igm hb mruejeh"

Sjergfbh pjvjroh bh jprjŨ th iu jm phpg Sd ih \. oji d bh e nhv d bjs d t rjs t ruou phpsou o rubu. mjo b igejvj fgŲ dvjtbj tg nj prjbjsg un d `hkh

Vdkh 848="



YH]JĎGBDO QH]DOHBH. MGJ MVWED 68 5

Wkfgrtj D . mrued orhni D thn d ig. fdj ig jkrhŲgb kgĘu

n dfgrhndkh d ngvdċhr dkh zfje svjig tvrmjojrbg

ojbzgrvht dvbg pjndt dog" Wkfgrth ig 8433"

ejmdbg ufdj igmhb hbhrldsth"

SHSH N H Q D O V H N I W K F G V ] J

Wtjkskdsnu. bd Nhv \DDD. ojid ig bh

prgstjnu svgtje Sgtrh bhsngmdj Sdih D\.

hbdWkfgrtj D. ojid ig pj jċgvji

skrtdorubdshb zh orhnih Dthndig.

bdsu. pj svgku sumgm. fdnd

ohmrd mh dzvgmu ċumj ojig ig.

ċdbdnj sg. igmdbj kjenj mh

mjvgmg mj kdrbje rgŨgbih

‒rdksoje pdthbih&" Shph Nhv

ig. bhdkg. fdj ountdvdshb. fnhe

ċjvgo" Orhsdng su eh jsjfdbg

prhvje mdpnjkhtg. d bdohmh

sgbdig upuŨthj u gkjtdvbg

gsohphmg. thoj mrheg

bigejvjkprgtljmbdou" Bdohmhdzbigejvdl rgm bdig dzfdihnh

Ųgstdbh. bdtd fd prgmuzgj fdnj Ũth

hmh prgtljmbj j tjkg mvhput bg

prjkdsnd" Yh rhzndou jm Sdih. Nhv \DDD

ig rhzukgvhj shvrgkgbd svgt d uvdmhj

mjfrg strhbg mgkjorhtdig. khmh bg fhŨ u

gnjstd" Jmfh dvhj ig igmbhojst d fgzusnjvbu

snjfjmu kdsnd ohj bgprdonhmbg zh jfdċbg niumd ojid.

fdj ig uvgrgb Nhv. bdsu mjvjnibj zrgnd. h bd mds`dpndbjvhbd. mh

fd ukgnd sh tdk mh dzhmu bh orhi"Sjstjihj ig. bgdzfgŲbj. d ohkgb spjtd`hbih9 fdnj ig tj

ąvrstj uvgrgbig Nhvh \DDD u vnhstdtu bgpjergŨdvjst ohj

pjenhvhrh Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg. ohj d u bgjtumdvj prhvj

Shph Nhv \DDD jmfh`dvhj ig igmbhojst

d fgzusnjvbu snjfjmu kdsnd ohj

bgprdonhmbg zh jfdċhb svgt"""

rhzvji mjehmhih prjuzrjojvhjmjŲdvgnd su ounkdbh`diu ohmh ig

8433" ejmdbg igmhb hbhrldsth.

Ehgthbj FrgŨd. u Kjb`d. bh

sgvgru Dthndig. dzvrŨdj htgbtht

bh orhnih Wkfgrth" Shph

Nhv \DDD ukrj ig trd ejmdbg

ohsbdig u mgvgmgsgt trgąji

ejmdbd Ųdvjth. mj skrtd sg bg

jsnjfjmdvŨd bgzvhbdċbg tdtung

vhtdohbsoje zhtjċgbdoh" Yhprgtljmb dl ċ gtvrt vgoh. ojndoj ig

bigejv pj btdadoht pjtrhihj. Nhv bd

igmh b igmdbd put bdig bjejk orj mj

dzvhb pjsgmh Pvgtg stjnd`g"

IjŨ su snh fdid fdnd dzengmd mh ąg mj

pjkdrgbih mjm dzkgĘu bhsngmbdoh Shpg

Nhvh. ohrmdbhnh ēuzgpgh Phrth. ojid ig zvhbig

prguzgj ohj Sdig \. d Qdotjrh Gkhbugnh DDD. ojid ig.

pjsng ufdstvh bigejvje j`h. pjsthj trgm orhni Dthndig" Jmhvbj

sg vgą fdj usthndj jfdċhi mh phpg zh sgfg fdrhiu dkg pjprgtljmbdou ojeh su bhrjmtj uvhŲhvhnd. d Sdig \ ig shkdk

tdk Ũtj ig dzhfrhj dkg prvje ‒zhtjċgbdoh Qhtdohbh&. Sdih

D\. svdkh ihsbj sthvdj mj zbhbih mh ig d shk ċjvgo dzrhzdtj

ojbzgrvhtdvbje pjengmh bh svgt" Bjvd. mgsgtd Sdig jmkhl

sg dsohzhj ohj vhtrgb d ordtdċh r ‒k jmgrbdsth& d ‒rgnhtdvdsth&.

ojig ig johrhotgrdshj ohj jphsbg pj ohtjndċou vgru d bigbg

sngmfgbdog" Mh fd sthvdj ho`gbht bh tg dmgig. Sdig \ srjmj ig

Yhongtvu prjtdv kjmgrbdzkh" Qgą u prvdk rgmjvdkh jsgąh

sg b gpjk drnidv phpdb sthv9

gmbje phpg mh pjbjvj zhvnhmh `gndk Vdk jk d S hpsodk

mrŲhvhkh" Ohj d uvgo. Orhnigvdbh Dthndih bgpjojngfnidvj ig

sthihnh bh putu jbjkg oj fd thovg dmgig pjouŨhj mh jstvhrd.

hthohv. bgpjojngfnidv sthv zhuzgj ig shmh d vnhmhr tg mrŲhvg.

Wkfgrtj D. ċvrstj prdvrŲgb bhċgnu mh Vdk igstg. d mh ąg

jsthtd. prgstjbd`h bigejvje orhnigvstvh" W svhojk snuċhiu.

bdig tj fdj bd dzfndzh pjvjnihb trgbutho mh Wkfgrtj khohr d

pjouŨh mh sg shenhsd s phpjk" Pvg vrgkg bigejvg vnhmhvdbg

thndih ig trpgnh zfje bhenje Ũdrgbih sj`dihndstdċodl dmgih djpŨtge bgzhmjvjnistvh zfje strjedl ohzbgbdl kgrh ojidkh

u sputhvhbg erhmhbsog snjfjmg" Bgkdr d oj ig ig thohv

Fgspjejvjrbj prdkhk d prdlvhthk svhoj jmrgĘgbig ojig

ig dznjŲdj d prje nhs dj fgzergŨbd hutjrdtgt @rovg. h bhrjċdtj jbg jsbjvbg dstdbg ojig su u mdrgotbji suprjtbjstd s

ergsdkh jvje vrgkgbh""

Pvd svgŨtgbd`d oj id su jmfdnd mh pjnjŲg jvu zhongtvu + h fdnj

dl ig ċgtrmgsgtho ojid su fdnd mjvjnibj jmvhŲbd ,dnd numd$ mh

ig jmfdiu + su jm nd su sg s prgtbijk gosojk ub doh `dijk .

h dstj ig vhŲdnj d zh uągbg Diumg d tgjnjeg ojid fd zhstrhbdnd

u sgounhrbh dnd kjmgrbdstd`oh dstrhŲdvhbih" Khmh d mhnig‒uthkbd`gb& u Qhtdohbu. Sdig \ bdig sg bd bhikhbig ustgzhj

mh ohŲbihvh Ũgajvg mruedl mrŲhvh ojig su prdzbhng Orhnigvdbu



68< YH]JĎGBDO QH]DO HBH . MGJ MVWED

Dthndiu d. shkdk tdk ċdbjk. pjmrŲhng Dthndihbg u ‒orhmd& Vdkh

d Shpsodl mrŲhvh" Jvhohv sthv kjehj ig dkhtd bgprdihtbg

pjsngmd`g. igr ohm ig prgmsgmbdo Arhb`usog. Gkdn Nufg.

mjŨhj u zvhbdċbu pjsgtu orhniu Qdotjru Gkhbugnu DDD. Sdig

\ jmfdj ig mh eh prdkd" Arhb`uzd su sg jsvgtdnd thoj Ũtj su

prgodbund mdpnjkhtsog jmbjsg s Qhtdohbjk"Bgihod. fjihŲnidvd Qdotjr Gkhbugn DDD bdig fdj thovje

ojvh mh sg suprjtsthvd prhvgmbdċoji jmnuċbjstd Sdih \. ojid

eh ig bhmkhŨdvhj d dbtgngotuhnbj d adzdċod" KhiuŨbd. bgŲbd

ohrmdbhn ēhojkj mgnh Oigzh. pngkdą ojid ig pj Sdigvji skrtd

848=" ejmdbg zh phpu dzhfrhb pjm dkgbjk Fgbgmdot \Q.

fdj ig kbjej fndŲd orhniu pj tgngsbji erhĘd" Ďho d bhikhbih

jm trd jmgŲmg bhċdbigbg zh bjvje phpu fdnh ig prgvgndoh zh

Fgbgmdoth" Bjvd phph ig stjeh d pjbgj bhmdkho DD Sd``jndtj

Qdotjr Gkhbugn D D D . t rgąd orhni D thn d ig. fdj ig ċjvgo sdtbg erhmg d fjihŲni dv pj pr drjmd. hn d ig. zh rhzndou jm phpg Sdih \.

pjmrŲhvhj n dfgrhnbg dmgig u pjndt d`d" Bdohmh. kgmut dk. bdig bd

pjouŨhj jtvjrgbj mh suprjtsthvd svjig sthvjvg Sdigvdk dzrhzdtj

ojbzgrvht dvb dk bhzjr dkh"

,ċjvgċuniho $. hnd Ũtj sg bigejvdl ndċbdl ufgmgbih tdċg + tu

bdċge sdtbje d snhfje bdig fdnj"

Fgbgmdot ig sbhŲbj pjmrŲhj sthv Sdih \ prjtdv dthndihbsog

‒jouph`dig& Vdkh d Shpsodl mrŲhvh" Puprjtsthvnihj sg.

thojĘg. kjmgrbdzk u d jbdk kjmgrbdstdċodk bhuċbd dkh

ojig ig bigejv prgtljmbdo gosojkubd`drhj" BhivhŲbdid

mjehmhi dz vrgkgbh Fgbgmdotjvje pjbtdadohth svhohoj igfdj Srvd svgtsod rht" Phk phph ejvjrdj ig j tjk suojfu

ohj j ‒shkjufdstvu Gvrjpg& d jċhibdċod. hnd fgzuspgŨbj.



YH]JĎGB DO QH ]DOH BH. MGJ MVWED 684

jouŨhvhj mh eh zhusthvd" Igmbh ijŨ vgąh jphsbjst. ojih

g td`hnh. ujsthnjk. d fgzfgmbjstd. ph d jpsthboh phpstvh.

jihvdnh sg pj zhvrŨgtou rhth. 848<" ejmdbg"

Vgvjnu`dih u Vusdid 8485" ejmdbg. pjojni orhnigvsog

jrjmd`g Vjkhbjv bhrgmbg ejmdbg d `dni fjniŨgvdċoje

uojvjmstvh mh ojkubdstdċog dmgig rhŨdrd pj `gnji Gvrjpd

zhzvhng su strhl d zgfbiu Ũdrjk ojbtdbgbth" Ojndoj ig

jvjbhsthnh sdtuh`dih jphsbh bhiihsbdig su. dzengmh. uvdĘhnd u

htdohbu. igr ojkubdstdċoh vnhmh fdnh ig htgdstdċoh. d uprhvj

Pngmfgbd`d Fgbdth Kusjn dbd ih ċuvhiu zerhmu AhŨdst dċog phrt d ig u

Kdnhbu 8466" ejmdbg. u vrgkg ohm ig Kusjn dbd mjŨhj bh vnhst u

Dthnd i d "

sg prdprgkhnh mh orgbg u ojkhmhbig Vusog prhvjsnhvbg

`rovg" H Ũth fd svg fgzfjŲbd`d kjend uċdbdtd pj Gvrjpd

pjsng vgndog ojkubdstdċog pjfgmg + fdnj ig strhŨbj ċho d

rhzkdŨnihtd j tjkg" H jpgt. rhzkdŨnihtd sg kjrhnj" W Vdku

ig jphsbjst jm ojkubdzk h slvhągb h ohj kb jej vgąh jm




jbg ojih ig Pvgtji stjnd`d prdprgtdnh ohmh ig Orhnigvdbh Dthndih

zhuzgnh Vdk d Shpsog mrŲhvg" Qgą 8484" u Dthndid su sg kjend

bhsnutdtd jfrdsd igmbg zhstrhŨuiuąg fumuąbjstd. mjo su sg

sj`dihndstdċod hotdvdstd tuond prjtdv ahŨdsth m gsbdċhrh u dzrhzdtj

bhsdnbdk undċbdk fjrfhkh. mjvjmgąd thoj `gnu Dthndiu bh

shku dvd`u fgzvnhŨąh"

SVJ]DQ OJKWBDYKHOjndoj ejm fdj ojbzgrvhtdvhb pj prdrjmd. Fgbgmdot \Q fdj

ig ohmhr mh prgpjzbh bgk dbjvbj st trg butoh. d zhlvhniu iuąd

tjkg mh uċdbd prvd ojrho oh pjpuŨthbiu bhpgtjstd u

jmbjsdkh phpstvh d dthndihbsog mrŲhvg" Fgbgmdot ig 8484"

pjvuohj pjtgz ojid fd bigejvd bgpjsrgmbd prgtljmbd`d

sdeurbj hbhtgkdshnd9 jmjfrdj ig jsbdvhbig Ohtjndċog

bhrjmbg strhbog. bh ċdig ig ċgnj sthj svgŨtgbdo NudĘd Ptur`j"

Vhbdig su phpg zhfrhbidvhng ohtjnd`dkh ċho d mh enhshiu bh

dzfjrdkh. h bhrjċdtj mh sg bh dzfjrdkh ohbmdmuiu" Phmhsu.

kgĘutdk. ohtjnd`d d zvhbdċbj dzhŨnd bh dzfjrg d. ŨthvdŨg. vrnj

mjfrj prjŨnd fumuąd mh dk ig tj fdnj prvj uċgŨąg. d mh su

pj rgzunthtdkh fdnd mrued. jmkhl dzh Pj`dihndstdċog phrtdig

Dthndig. jsvjidvŨd 68 jmstj bhsprhk 06 prj`gbth enhsjvh.

ojndoj su jsvjidnd sj`dihndstd" H mh stvhrd fumu ijŨ fjnig. dbh bgkhnj jnhoŨhbig phpg Fgbgmdoth. Bhrjmbh strhboh. u

ojhnd`did s ndfgrhnbjk vnhmjk. uspgnh ig mh dstdsbg sj`dihndstg

dz jrehbh vnhstd" Hnd igmhb kbjej orupbdid prgjorgt tgo ig

trgf hnj mh sg mgsd" Vhmbdċod Ũtrhio jvd + jmrŲhbj dl ig mvg

ldnihmg shkj 8463" ejmdbg + h s bidkh d bgkdrd d bhsdnig

ohoj mgsbd`g. thoj d ..ngvdl„ sbheh bh pjndtdċoji s`gbd. bdsu

igb ihv hnd svg mj trg butoh ohm sg uċdbdnj mh ig erhĘhbsod rhtu

Dthndid bgdzfgŲhb"

W tjk trgbutou. bh pjzjrbd`u stuph bgjċgodvhbd

sphsdnh`" AhŨdstdċod pjorgt. ajrkdrhb 8484" ejmdbg pjm

NH]G VHB POD PS J V H Y W K

Srgejvjrd su trhihnd ejmdbhkh. h jbmh su. 88" agfruhrh

8464. ohrmdbhn Sigtrj Ehsphrd. u dkg phpg Sdih

\D. d Fgbdtj Kusjndbd. dsprgm orhnih Dthndig Qdotjrh

Gkhbugnh DDD. znhtbdk pgrjk spg`dihnbj bhfhvnigbdk

zh tu prdndou. pjtpdshnd Nhtgrhbsod spjrhzuk uShpsoji jmhid Nhtgrhbsog phnhtg u Vdku" Pnjvjk jvje

spjrhzukh stvjrgbh ig bhikhbih suvgrgbh mrŲhvh

bh svgtu. Erhm Qhtdohb. ċdih pjvrŨdbh dzbjsd svgeh

== lgothrh" Fdnj ig tj bjvj. zbhtbj khbig. hnd shmh

bgspjrbj pjmruċig pjm uprhvjk phpg. shmh d zvhbdċbj

prdzbhtje zh vnhmhrh"

Ppjr ojid ig ejtjvj pubdl 13 ejmdbh jzfdnibj

bhruŨhvhj jmbjsg Qhtdohbh d Orhnigvdbg Dthndig shmh

ig rgŨgb" Srvh ċg tdrd jm uoupbj 65 ċnh bj vh jvje

mjoukgbth mjbjsg bhivhŲbdig sthvog joj ojidl su sgmvg strhbg ushenhsdng9

@nhb 89 Dthndih prdzbhig d pjtvrĘuig bhċgnj utgkgnigbj

u prvjk ċnhbu dthndihbsoje Wsthvh usvjigbje ="

khrth 8<=<" ejmdbg. prgkh ojigk ig Vdksoh ohtjndċoh

hpjstjnsoh `rovh igmdbh zvhbdċbh rgndedih"

@nhb 69 Dthndih prdzbhig su vgrgbdtgt Pvgtji stjnd`d u

kgmubhrjmbdk pjsnjvdkh. ohj bigbj bgjtumdvj svjistvj

u sonhmu s trhmd`dijk d zhltgvdkh bigbg kdsdig u svgtu"

8464"

@nhb 09 Dthndih prdzbhig pubj vnhsbdŨtvj. gosonuzdvbj

prhvj bh pjsgm d suvgrgbd hutjrdtgt d iurdsmdo`diu Pvgtg

stjnd`g bhm Qhtdohbjk. ojbstdtudshbjk u sonhmu sh

jvmg bhvgmgbdk. ohj d svu dkjvdbu d zhmuŲfdbg. Ũtj svg

zhigmbj ċdbd Erhm Qhtdohb"

@nhb =9 Puvgrgbdtgtjk d dsoniuċdvjk iurdsmdo`dijk bhm

Erhmjk Qhtdohbjk. ojig Dthndih prdzbhig Pvgtji stjnd`d.

zhfrhbiuig sg fdnj ohovj kgŨhbig u ubutrhŨbig pjsnjvg

Pvgtg stjnd`g. ohoj jm strhbg Qnhmg Dthndig. thoj d fdnj

ojidl mruedl vnhstd"

Ohm ig Ppjrhzuk pjtpdshb. jenhsdnh su sg zvjbh Pvgtje

Ijvhbh Nhtgrhbsoje" H zhdsth ig dkhnj Ũth mh sg snhvd" W

sonhmu sh uprhvj pjtpdshbdk mjoukgbtjk. Qhtdohb igprdlvhtdj mh prdzbh dthndihbsou mrŲhvu ohj ngedtdkbu. h

Vdk ohj bigb enhvbd erhm" Dthndihbsog Ũojng jfhvgzhng su

sg pho mh uvgmu rdkjohtjndċou vgrjbhuou. ohj d mh vrhtg

rgndedisog sndog. pjvuċgbg pjsng prjenhŨgbih dthndihbsog

mrŲhvg" PvgŨtgbstvu ig. kgmutdk. usorhągbj prhvj mh

uċgstvuig u pjndtdċojk Ųdvjtu. h Ohtjndċoh bhrjmbh

strhboh ig rhspuŨtgbh"



YH]JĎGBDO QH]DOHBH. MGJ MVWED 668

jn dbd , ngvj$ uohzuig pjċhst orhn iu Qdotjru Gkhbugnu d n n ,mgsbj$ pjsng khrŨh bh Vdk oji d ig ahŨdst dċoje n dmgrh mjvgj bh vnhst u Dthn d i d

6" ejmdbg"




vjĘstvjk bgohmhŨbige sjrdihndstg Fgbdth Kusjndbdih. pjċgj

ig mh puŨth fhbmg fhtdbhŨh pj un d`h kh vhrjŨd d erhmjvh. s

ojborgtbdk zhmhtojk mh. fuovhnbj. pjtuou svg suphrbdog.

fdnd jbd sj`dihndstd dnd bgod mrued" Sjnd`dih. vjisoh d ndfgrhnbh

mgsbd`h. dkuąbd pjsnjvbd niumd d svd ojidkh ig jmejvhrhnj mh

u zgknid jsthbg kdr. ohoj fd kjend mh bhsthvg sh ufdrhbigkprjadth + prgąu tbj su prdsthihnd. dnd sg fhr trumdnd mh zhŲkurg

bh ahŨdstdċoj bhsdnig"

KHVP BH VDKShph Fgbgmdot. ojid ig ukrj pjċgtojk 8466. bdig pjŲdvgj mh

svjidk jċdkh vdmd dsljm jvdl zfdvhbih" Jotjfrh tg ejmdbg.

Kusjndbd ig prgmvjmdj ‒khrŨ bh Vdk„. d thmh eh ig prgpnhŨgbd

orhni Qdotjr Gkhbugn DDD pjsthvdj zh prgmsgmbdoh vnhmg"

Kusjndbd ig ufrzj prjŨdrdj svjih jvnhŨągbih. uodmhiuąd jsthng

pjndtdċog strhbog. sdbmdohnbg jrehbdzh`dig d svg mgkjorhtsog

snjfjmg" Wvgj ig. zhtdk. tjthndthrbu mrŲhvu u ojiji ig jb fdj

muċg ,vjmh$"

W kgmuvrgkgbu. Qhtdohb ig dzhfrhj Fgbgmdotjvje

bhsngmbdoh ojid. dstdbh. bdig jmjfrhvhj tgrjrdstdċou thotdou

zhlvhniuiuąd ojiji ig prgkdigr ,Kusjndbd$ mjŨhj bh vnhst. hnd ig

dpho u ahŨdstdċojk vjmd prgpjzbhj ċjvgoh s ojidk sg kjŲg

pjsnjvhtd" Ohrmdbhn Hodng Vhtd. bhmfdsoup kdnhbsod. fdj ig

ċjvgo sbhŲbg vjnig d ċvrstg vgrg" Ohj phph Sdig \D stupdj ig bh

muŲbjst 1" agfruhrh 8466" ejmdbg. d tj tgo u 8=" orueu enhshbih"

Srvj Ũtj ig uċdbdj ohj phph + vrhąhbig sthrje fnhejsnjvh

Wrfd gt Jrfd ,Erhmu d svgtu$ + uohzdvhnj ig bh ċjvgoh vdsg

jorgbutje kgmubhrjmbdk jmbjsdkh jm prgtljmbdl pjbtdah.

ojid su sg jmrgond jvje fnhejsnjvh pjsng eufdtoh Vdkh d

Shpsodl mrŲhvh. d bh thi bhądb prjtgstuium prjtdv uphmh

spjnibje. sgounhrbje svgth bh svgtj vhtdohbsoj tnj"

BHIYHM IGMHB KJMGVHB SHSHShph Sdig \D ig. dzbhm svgeh. fdj svgsthb mh u svgtu

mvhmgsgtje vgoh vhŲg bgod bjvd dkpgrhtdvd. bhrjċdtj u svgtnu

ċdbigbd`g mh su ċgtdrd `hrstvh d bidljvd vnhmhrd hpsjnutdstd

Kusjndbd engmh ohoj pjsngmbid zhtjċgbdo Qhtdohbh. phph Sdig \D. pjtpdsuig Nhtgrhbsod spjrhzuk ojidk ig. tg 8464" ejmdbg. jojbċhbh ejtjvj

Ũgst mg`gbd ih mueh phpsoh dzjnh`d ih"



YH]JĎGBDO QH] DOH BH. MGJ MVWED 660

VGHO@DIH ţ]HKSG BH PSJVHYWK

htgrhbsod spjrhzuk fdj ig prjprhągb orupbdk

bjvdbsodk bhsnjvdkh9 ‒Kusjndbd d Ehsphrd pjtpdsuiu

stjrdisod rdksod phot(„. jf zbh bdj ig Phb Arhb`ds`j @lrjbd`ng" ‒Dstjrdisod mjehĘhi u Nhtgrhbsoji phnhtd(&. bh

vh zvjbh jfihvdj ig ]lg @ htljnd` Hmvj`htg" ‒Jojbċhb

uejejmdŨbid `rovgbd rhzmjr u Dthndid&. dzvgstdj ig svjig

dthj`g Uds`jbsdb Vhpdms Mhdny ]rdfubg u dzmhbiu jm 5"

ubh 8464" ejmdbg. dstje mhbh ohm ig u Gvrjpd rht dadojvhb

pjrhzuk" W mhbou mhnig pdŨg9

W gnjk Vdku mhbhs su vgsgnj zvjbdnh zvjbh ohmh su ,dthndihbsod$ prgkdigr Kusjndbd d ohrm dbhn Ehsphrd svgċhbj rhzkgbdnd pjtpdshbg prdk grog dstjrdisoje Nhtgrhbsojespjrhzukh""" Bdsu mrŲhbd ejvjrd. h `grgkjbdih ig fdnh orh toh d igmbjsthvbh" Igmhb jm bhiupgċhtnidvdidl d sdkfjndċbj bhiuphmnidvdidl trgbuthoh fdj ig jbhi ohmh sg vgndoh frjbzhbh ohpdih. jbh orjz ojiu sg stdŲg mj oj njbhmg bh ]reu svgtje Sgtrh. Ũdrjk jtvjrdnh. pjsng pubdl 74 ejmdbh ojndoj ig. igmvh

jmŨordbuth. thvjrdnh"

gkhċoji. Vusdid. Hustrjuehrsoji d jskhbsoji ]ursoji

ebutd pjsng Srvje svgtsoje rhth"W tjk ojbtgostu.

thrgvhnh su d bgohmhŨbih rdvhnstvh. ojih ąg u strhbu

dsbutd bjvd dzhzjvd. bjvh suphrbdŨtvh9 ojkubdstd prjtdv

kjorhth. rgndedih prjtdv sgounhrdzkh" W sonhmu s thovjk.

vjkrghnbjŨąu. Sdig \D pjkdrdj sg s tdk mh Orhnigvdbh

dih bgąg tgo thoj bgsthtd. d mh su Shpsog mrŲhvg dzeufnigbg

vgo" Pljmbj tjkg. ou`buj ig d ċhs mh sg jojbċh phpsoh

h`dih. h svg ohoj fd @rovh kjenh mh bhsthvd svjigdjbhrsoj pjsnhbig d pjbjvj jstvhrd enjfhnbd utd`hi ohohv

gohmh dkhnh"

Fgbdtj Kusjndbd. sh svjig strhbg. bdig fjezbh ohoj

rdj bd zh ohtjndċou vgru bd zh phpu. bdtd zh fdnj Ũth Ũtj

bgpjsrgmbj utd`hnj bh ihċhbig bigejvg ndċbg pjzd`dig

nhstd" Hnd jb igstg fdj jpjrtubdsth ojid ig shvrŨgbj mjfrj

j mh shkh mbigbd`h mh vnhmh ohj mdothtjr jfgngŲhvh

diu ohj jtphmbdċou mrŲhvu. h bigeh shkje ŲdejŨg ohj

rdihtgnih mgkjorhtsodl snjfjmh" Wprhvj dz tdl rhznjeh

sjndbd ig bjkdbhnbj pjzmrhvdj pjkdrgbig s phpjk.iuąd prdtjk mh ąg zfje tjeh pjrhstd uengm bigejvjk

ku. bhrjċdtj kgĘu kdndjbdkh ohtjndoh Ũdrjk svgth"

PNGMBID YH]JĎGBDO QH]DOHBHbh 67" iunh 8464" phph Sdig \D snuŲdj ig kdsu" Sjsng tjeh

rjz ohpdiu Fhzdndog sv" Sgtrh . pjvgj pjvjrou bhpjnig.

re jouphb ngtbidk sub`gk. emg ig khsh jm joj mvgsth

gsgt ldnihmh niumd ċgohnh mh prdkd bigejv fnhejsnjv"

d pjsngmbid zhtjċgbdo Qhtdohbh ojbhċbj ig dzhŨhj dz

jbhkgtbutg dzjnh`dig d. prvd put pjsng fgzkhnj Ũgst

gbdih. orjċdj u spjnibd svgt"

Shph Sdig \D sh jskgljk bh ndgu dznhzd dz Qhtdohbh prg bgej

Ũtj ąg. uz vgn dou pjkpu. svgċhbj uąd u Vdk pjsng pjtpdsdvhbih

Nhtgrhbsoje spjrhzukh"



SHSG

SHSH D BH@DP]D

Hoj ig dohmh igmbjk phpd pruŲgb pglhr pub jtrjvh ohm ig stuphj bh prgstj svgtje

gtrh. jbmh ig tj zhmgsdnj Gumgbdih Khrdiu ēuzgpgh ējvhbdih Shċgndih. ojid ig 6" khrth 8404" ejmdbg. bh svji Ũgzmgsgt trgąd rjmgbmhb. pjsthj Sdig \dn" Phkj Ũgst kgsg`d

ohsbdig. sgptgkfrh dstg ejmdbg. bhphmjk bh`dstdċog Bgkhċog bh Sjnisou pjċgj ig

Mrued svgtsod rht. ojid ąg Sdih mjvgstd u igmdbstvgb + d dzrhzdtj bguejmhb + pjnjŲhi"

♡

Ohj igmdbd vnhmhr ċdih sg kją prjstdrg pj `gnjk svgtu.Sdig ig + thoj sg jm bigeh jċgodvhnj + trgfhnj mh

zhuzkg ċvrst kjrhnbd sthv pjvjmjk rhzbdl pdthbih

h ig Mrued svgtsod rht pjorgbuj" ]hi suojf fdj ig kbjej

jm puog fjrfg zh prgvnhst. tgrdtjrdihnbh prjŨdrgbih d

hi" Frdthb`d d bidljvd shvgzbd`d fdnd su uvgrgbd mh sg prjtdv

dstdċog Bgkhċog d bigbje adrgrh. Hmjnah Ldtngrh. fjrg

j fd jsnjfjmdnd Gvrjpu d svgt rhsdstdċog d gosphbzdjbdstdċog

hturg" Bh`dstd su. s mrueg strhbg. sh dstdk thovdk

oh prdn doh ohrmdbhnh GuĘgbdih Shċgndih. phpsoje bub`dih u

hċoji. orupbdk ojrh`dkh erhfd bdz stgpgbd`g prgmsgmbdċog

g u Fgrndbu 86" mg`gkfrh 8464"

Ųhrjk vgrjvhnd mh dkhiu pubj prhvj bh uspjsthvnihbig‒ldnihmuejmdŨbige Vhilh „ u Gvrjpd + h kjŲmh d `gnjk svgtu"

Kuog Sdih \DD pjċgng su ohm su jfg zhrhągbg strhbg

zhtrhŲdng jm b igeh fnhejsnjv d pjmrŨou" D igmbh d mrueh

rhzfgsbgng su sg ohm bdsu mjfdng jbj Ũtj su trhŲdng" Sdig

sg jprgmgndj zh srgmbid put. prdfgehvŨd bgutrhnbjstd ohj

pjzd`did sh ojig ąg + snutdj ig + dkhtd bhifjnig dzengmg mh svji

utd`hi uskgrd u prhv`u kdrjniufdvje rgŨgbih d. gvgbtuhnbj.

jojbċhbih rhtbdl suojfh" Dspjsthvdnj sg. bhdhnjst. mh ig

jmhfrhj pjergŨhb pu t Wsngmdng su. bhdkg. Ųgstjog jptuŲfg?

phpd su zhkgrhnd zfje kjrhnbje ‒ouohvdċnuoh& d ..ąuthbih„ojig zhvrgĘuig svhou jsumu"

Sdih su. prg svgeh. tgrgtdnd zhtj Ũtj ig. ohoj su tvrmdnd

667



661 SHSH D BH@DP]D

bigejvd prjtdvbd`d. fdj jojrgnd hbtdsgkdth. ph ku stjeh d bdig

fdnj tgŨoj mh znjsrgąbg gvrjpsog Igvrgig p rgpustd prjejbu d

dstrgfnidvhbiu u bh`dstdċodk njejrdkh skrtd" Bgk`d su pho u

phpd prgpjzbhnd bgukjnidvje bgprdihtgnih. h igmhb dsthobutd

bh`dsth. PP Jfgreruppgbatdlrgr ,vdŨd jad`dr$ Vhiblhrt Lhimrdl

rgohj ig igmbjk prdndojk mh ig Sdig \DD vgąh prgprgoh

]rgągk rhilu bgej frdthbsod prgkdigr Qdbstjb @grċdn dnd

hkgrdċod prgmsgmbdo Argbondb M" Vuzvgnt"

Sdih su tgrgtdnd mh ig jojrgnd hbtdsgkdth.

d mh ku stjeh bdig tgŨoj mh znjsrgąbg

gvrjpsog Igvrgig prgpustd prjejbu d

dstrgfnidvhbiu"

Srjtdvurgċbh kdŨnigbih j unjzd phpg Sdih \DD u rhtbdk

ejmdbhkh ihvnihiu sg d pj jojbċhbiu Mrueje svgtsoje rhth

84=7. h dzrdċu sg d pjċgtojk mvhmgsgt prvje vgoh" KbjŨtj

obideh jfihvnigbj ig d kbjej mjoukgbthrh`h sbdknigbj j

jvji tgkd. hnd bgkh bdohovg sukbig mh ig bhivgąu prhŨdbu

pjmdenh sgbzh`djbhnbh pjzjrdŨbh prgkdigrh ojkhmh Yhkgbdo trhegmdih igmbje lrdŨąhbdbh bgkhċoje mrhksoje pds`h Vjnah

Ljluth. ojid sg ohsbdig prjċuj pdŨuąd pjndtdċog mrhkg ojig

su dzhzdvhng pjngkdou" Srgkdigrh Yhkgbdoh jmrŲhbhigu

Fgrndbu 63" agfruhrh 8410" ejmdbg. h Ljlutjvj vdĘgbig phpg

ohj fgzmu Ũbje bh`ds tdċoje ojnhfj rh`djbdstg d ċjvgoh fgz

sr`h bdig bhdŨnh bh jmjfrhvhbig jbdl ojid su dkhnd prdndog ndąbj

mh upjzbhiu phpu Sdih \DD d vdmg bh mgnu tje Ũhrkhbtbjed

ukgŨbje mdpnjkhtu" Shph Sdig \DD jpljmdj sg ohj kjbhld

gstgth. d mrŲhj sg pj strhbd jm svgtsodl zfdvhbih? fdj ig vdsjo.

vdtho d uojċgb. nd`h fngmje ohj orph. d uvgo bgohoj svgthċod

jmsuthb" Wtdsho ojid ig bh niumg jsthvnihj ohmh fd sg pjihvdju

ihvbjstd fdj ig. kgmutdk. pjtpubj mruehċdid" Frdthbsod pdsh d

lrjbdċhr MŲgiks Ndz+Kdnb zhfgngŲdj ig9

Bigejvh pjihvh zrhċd mjfrjtjk. skdrgbjŨąu. d svgtjŨąu ohovg sdeurbj bdohmh rhbdig bdshk jsgtdj u igmbjk niumsojk fdąu" Pvg vrgkg sg jskgldvhj. niupoj. mjfrjmuŨbj""" ]jndoj ig sbhŲbj utd`hj bh kgbg mhejtjvj bdshk fdj u sthbiu rgċ mh prjzfjrdk""" h fdj shk prdtjk

svgsthb mh kd ojngbh ong`hiu"

Y H K G B D O + O N G Q G ] H D N D W K G ] B D Ď O H P N J F J M H :

W ojkhmu Yhkgbdo Ljlut ig Sdih jptuŲdj zh ljtdkdċhb

bgkhr d k jrhnbu dsovhrgbjst. prdohzuiuąd eh ohj

bgkdnjsrmbje. erhkzdvje ċjvgoh ojeh su vdŨg zhbdkhng

vhtdohbsog adbhbsdig bgej sumfdbh Igvrgih dnd fdnj ojidl

mruedl Ųrthvh bh`dstdċoje rgŲdkh. ohj Ũtj su @dehbd.

ljkjsgosuhn`d. snjfjmbd zdmhrd dnd Igljvdbd svgmj`d"

Jvhi ojkhm. dbhċg Ljlutjv prvgbh`. dzvgnh ig dstg

tg 8410" Orhnigvsoh ţgospdrjvh truph u njbmjbsojkpjzjrdŨtu Jnmvdċ" W Biuijrou. bh Frjmvgiu. Yhkgbdo ig

prgkdigrbj dzvgmgb 841=" ejmdbg. h 84<1" d 6331" pjbjvj

ig pjsthvnihb bh s`gbu u Q gndoji Frdthbdid" Wtd`hi ojid ig

Yhkgbdo dzvrŨdj svhohoj ig fdj bgdzk grhb" Ljlutjv

ojkhm ig. prdtjk . jŲdvgj rhsprhvu j k jeuąji ordvd`d

ojiu dbstdtu`dih phpstvh d shk phph sbjsg u sprjvjmgbiu

bh`dstdċoje ‒Ojbhċbje rgŨgbih igvrgisoje pdthbih&"

Bgkhċod mrhk sod p dsh` Vjn a Ljlut bhprhv dj ig sgbzh`d iu

svji dk prv dk ojkhmjk. Yhkgbdo. u ojigk ig phph Sdig \DD

prgmsthv n igb ohj shrhmbdo bh` ds th u Mruejk svgtsojk rhtu"



SHSH D BH@DP]D 665

]gjfhnm Fgtkhb+Ljnvge. bgkhċod ohb`gnhr zh vnhmhvdbg ohizgrh Qd nlgnkh DD. unjŲdj ig vgn dog

mdp njk htsog bhpjrg u jojbċ hbig Srvje svgtsoje rhth"

ig Ndz+Kdnb fdj prvd ojkg

sg trgsng bjeg mjo ig sthihj

gpjsrgmbji fndzdbd snhvbje

btdah. hnd vnhmhrd d kdbdstrd

ojidkh ig GuĘgbdj Shċgnd

gejvhrhj zh vrgkg svjig

eg mdpnjkhtsog ohrdigrg fdnd

dpho bhċdbigbd jm ċvrŨąg

mg"

HĎGNDW FHQHVPOJIh prvu vhŲbu snuŲfu dzvhb

tdohbh stupdj ig 8485"

mdbg. u trgąji ejmdbd Srvje

gtsoje rhth. ohmh eh ig

ph Fgbgmdot \Q pjsnhj

hvhrsou ohj phpsoje

b`dih ,dzhsnhbdoh$" Srvd

mhtho kjbsdbijrh Shċgndih

j ig mh svjidk mjkhądbdkh.

hniu Fhvhrsog Numvdeu DDD d

tjfjrbjk shkjmrŨ`u `hru

nlgnku. dznjŲd pnhb phpg

bgmdoth zh jojbċhbig Srvje

gtsoje rhth d uspjsthvnihbigrh"

Shċgnd ig. pj svgku

mgąd. jsthvdj mjvjnibj iho

dsho bh mvjid`u vnhmhrh. hnd

bh Qdnlgnkjvje ohb`gnhrh

jfhnmh ajb Fgtkhb+

Ljnvgeh. thoj mh su pjsng

ljvje susrgth zhdsth

dvgng bhmg u sojrd kdr"

pdb dzhsnhbdo fdj ig.gmutdk. ‒bgsvhodmhŨbig

zjċhrhb d pjtdŨtgb& ohmh ig bgkhċoh vjisoh pjmdenh

vj fjrfgbdl mgisthvh prdfgehvŨd bgjerhbdċgbji upjtrgfd

mkjrbd`h u rhtu" Hoj d bdig kjehj mh zhusthvd rhtbu

hŨdbgrdiu. Shċgnd ig prj`gbdj mh kjŲg fhrgk mh sg zhnjŲd zh

ukhbdthrbd prdstup rhtu. u mulu pjndtdog phpg Fgbgmdoth.

btdah ojid sg bhmhngoj prjċuj pj mjfrjtvjrbjk rhmu d

khehbiu sdrjkhŨbdkh d uerjŲgbdkh"

Sj jojbċhbiu Srvje svgtsoje rhth 88" bjvgkfrh 848<"

mdbg. Shċgnd ig jsthj u Fhvhrsoji d pjŨtj iu ig vgądbhpnjkhth bhpustdnh" D kumrj su uċdbdnd Ũtj su bh vrgkg jtdŨnd.

u hprdnu 8484" vnhst ig prguzgnh thojzvhbh Pphrthodstdċoh

h. ojih ig ufrzj ajrkdrhnh orhtojvgou Fhvhrsou Pjvigtsou

Vgpufndou" Jvh rgpufndoh. urgmgbh pj kjmgnu dstdl thovdl

rgpufndoh ojig su bdong u Vusdid pjsng htgdstdċog rgvjnu`dig.

pjtrhihnh ig svgeh ċgtdrd bgmgnig. h Shċgnd ig. d ohj `rovgbd

vgndojmjstjibdo d ohj zhstupbdo phpdb. svg tj vrgkg fdj u

vrnj jsgtnidvjk pjnjŲhiu" Bub`dig ig. kgmutdk. mjohzhj mh

pjsgmuig jbj fgz ċgeh sg u tjk ċhsu bdig kjenj9 sthnjŲgbjst

d ċgndċbg Ųdv`g"

Enhvbd zhmhtho GuĘgbdih Shċgndih ohj phpsoje bub`dih

fdnh ig mh sonjpd ojbojrmht ,spjrhzuk dzkgmu Pvgtg stjnd`g

d vnhmg jmrgmgbg zgknig u vgzd s rgndedisodk pdthbidkh$ svnhmhkh rhzbdl gvrjpsodl zgkhnih. h svg ohoj fd sg jsdeurhnh

fgzfgmbjst d snjfjmh mgnjvhbih ohtjndċodl `rohvh u tdk

mrŲhvhkh" Ojbojrmhtjk ig @rovh prdsvhihnh vdŨg zbhċhibdl



66< SHSH D BH@DP]D

Enhvbd zhmhtho Gumgbdih Shċgndih

ohj phpsoje bub`dih fdj ig mh sonjpd

ojbojrmht s vnhmhkh rhzbdl gvrjpsodl zgkhnih"

prhvh d jvnhŨągbih" Igmbj ig fdnj prhvj bh jrehbdzjvhbig

knhmdl. h mruej mh pjsthvnih vgndojmjstjibdog" @rovd

ig. thojmg. fdnj mjzvjnigbj mh mrŲd svjig Ũojng. fjnbd`g

d mjfrjtvjrbg usthbjvg. d mh prguzkg jmejvjrbjst zh

vjmgbig vgrsodl snuŲfd" Pvg ig tj @rovd pruŲhnj kjeuąbjst mh

bgskgthbj rhmd d jfgzfgmd jpsthbho ohtjndċog rgndedig"P mrueg strhbg. zhoniuċdvhbig jvdl snjŲgbdl spjrhzukh

prhtdnh ig igmbh dzrhzdtj jtgŲhvhiuąh jojnbjst" W tdk mhbdkh.

bhdkg. bgpjsrgmbj pj jojb ċhbiu rhth. pjstjihnd su vdŨg

Vhm doh nb d sj` d i h n d s t d . p r dphmb d` d sphr tho ds t d ċoje pjorg th .

ojb a d sou iu kj tjrbj v jz d n j zh v rgkg o rh toj t rh ibg rgvj nu` d ig ojih

sg u Bgkhċoji jmderh nh pj zhvrŨgtou Srvje svgtsoje rhth"

bgej pjvjnibd dzengmd mh ąg. pjsng jvg u Fhvhrsoji. sjvigtsogzhigmbd`g pjċgtd mh bdċu d mruemg. h svg bg fd nd sg jstvhrdj

fjniŨgvdċod shb mh sg ojkubdzhk prjŨdrd bh `gj ojbtdbgbt"

Shċgndih. kgmutdk. tj bdig pnhŨdnj" Ďdk ig bgkhċoh vjisoh

ubdŨtdnh Fhvhrsou Pjvigtsou Vgpufndou. bub`dig ig zhoniuċdj

ojbojrm ht. prvd u svjiji ohrdigrd. s Fhvhrsojk. ojih ig shmh

dkhnh sthtus mrŲhvg u shsthvu Qhikhrsog Vgpufndog"

S J Q V H ] H O O W ā D

Sjsng bgkdndl susrgth sh Pjvigtdkh. Gumgbdj Shċgnd ig jpjzvhb

u Vdk 8464" ejmdbg. d thmh su eh. uprojs bguspglu bigejvgrusog kdsdig. d ohtjnd`d d prjtgsthbtd mjċgohnd ohj vgndoje

iubhoh u fjrfd zh lrdŨąhbsou stvhr" Shph Sdig bherhmdj eh

ig ohrmdbhnsojk ohpjk. h ejmdbg 8403" ċgohnj eh ig bjvj



SHSH D BH@DP]D 664

B H M K W M V D J V G Q J N W @ D J B H V G

gmbje mhbh 8484" ejmdbg. khnh mruŲdbh knhmdl

rgvjnu`djbhrh uphnh ig u zerhmu u ojiji ig fdnh skgŨtgbhvhtdohbsoh hkfhshmh d pjouŨhnh mh uorhmg Shċgndigv

hutjkjfdn" Dhoj orlog erhmg d u =0" ejmdbd Ųdvjth. thoj mh

g zhdsth tgŨoj prgtpjsthvdtd mh f d fdj u sth biu pgsbd`hk h

mh jtgrh unigzg. Shċgnd ig dzhŨhj mh sg susrgtbg s tdk

knhmdądkh d zhtrhddj jm bidl mh skgsth bhpustg zmhbig

ojig ig. prhotdċbj. fdnj vhtdohbsoh tgrdtjrdih" Wnigzd. ndstjk

sphrthodstd. prdsthnd su mh sg pjvuou pjm usnjvjk mh

jmvgzu phpdb hutjkjfdn" Shċgnd ig zbhj mh knhmdąd bgągstdąd mhngoj. igr ig vgą vdmgj mh ig hb nhsgr dsoniuċgb. h d

mjfdj ig ehrhb`dig jm fhvhrsodl vnhstd mh ąg ku vjzdnj

jmkhl fdtd vrhągbj" Pphrthodstd su jmvuond hutj. hnd su.

bh vgndou Ųhnjst. ufrzj slvhtdnd mh dl ig phpsod bub`dig

bhmkumrdj"

hprgmgbig + jvjeh puth u ohrmdbhnh mrŲhvbje sgorgthrh "

tje vdsjoje pjnjŲhih Shċgnd ig sonjpdj ojbojrmht s

bjedk zgknihkh. emg ejm ig Vdkjohtjndċoji `rovd fdnh

trgfbh pjkją mh sg jpjrhvd jm pjsngmd`h Srvje svgtsoje

h" Ojbojrmht s bgkhċojk mrŲhvjk Fhmgb zhoniuċgb ig

06" ejmdbg. h vgą bhrgmbg ejmdbg pjtpdshb ig spjrhzuk shstrdijk d. iunh 8400. Ũgs t k gsg`d pjŨtj ig Hmjna Ldtngr stupdj

vnhst ohj ohb`gnhr. s bh`dstdċo jk Bgk hċojk " Wsngmdj ig

bojrmht s Iuejsnhvdijk ,8407$ d Sjrtuehnjk ,84=3$"

Ohrmdbhn Shċgn d dz nhz d dz prgmsgmbdċog phnhtg u Fgr n dbu 8465"

e j m d b g p j s n g s h s t h b o h s b g k h ċ o d k p r g m s g m b d o j k . e g b g r hn j k

S h u nj k t j b L d b m g b f u r e j k "

Pumfdbsod kgmu svdk jvdk spjrhzukdkh svhohoj ig fdj

Vhilsojbojrmht s Bgkhċojk" Bh`dstd su fdnd d tg ohoj svgsbdmh vgądbh ċjvgċhbstvh skhtrh ohoj su jbd bh vnhst mjŨnd

prdfgehvhiuąd sdnd d prgvhrhkh" Hnd spjrhzuk s phpstvjk.

bhisthrdijk d bhipjŨtjvhbdijk dbstdtu`dijk u ċdthvji Gvrjpd.



60 3 SHSH D BH@DP]D

{@HVMDBHN D P J Q IG ] D

Sjsng Fhvhrsog. Shċgnd ig prgŨhj u Fgrndb ohj phpsod

bub`dig u Bgkhċoji. mh fd bgŨtj ohsbdig. ejmdbg 8467.

zhpjċgj prgejvjrg s vnhstdkh Pjvigtsoje Phvgzh" H u

tji zgknid ig. jshk ejmdbh pjsng pjfgmg fjniŨgvdoh. vgą

uvgndoj sprjvjmgb surjv. sdstgkhtdċhb prjejb prdphmbdoh

Vusog prhvjsnhvbg `rovg" PvgŨtgbd`d d gpdsojpd fh`hbd su

u thkbd`g. emg su kbjed d ufdihbd" D svgŨtgbd`d d svgtjvbd

niumd lhpŨgbd su d prgfh`dvhbd u eunhe bh Pjnjvig`odk

jstrvdkh u Fgnjk kjru" @rovg su pnihċohbg d srhvbidvhbg

sh zgknijk" Vgndedih ig shthbdzjvhbh pj Ũojnhkh d u Ũthkpd"

Fje d uċgbig j Fjeu pjsthnd su zhfrhbigbg tgkg"

Wprojs svgku tjkg. Shċgnd ig fdj ċvrstj rgŨgb mh

d bhmhnig dzvrŨhvh bhrgĘgbih phpg Sdih \D. prg svgeh

mh pjouŨh mh uspjsthvd mdpnjkhtsog jmbjsg dzkgmu

ojkubdstdmĘl vnhstd d Qhtdohbh" Bg fd nd pjspgŨdj thi

prj`gs. Shċgnd ig prgmuzgj svg Ũtj ig fdnj u bigejvji k jm.

ph thoj d jrehbdzjvhj dspjruog lrhbg Vusdid. emg su

ldnihmg. hoj bg d kdndjbd niumd enhmjvhnd. jsthvŨd fgz demg

dċgeh bh rhzvhndbhkh Srvje svgtsoje rhth" Hnd ċho ig d

Shċgnd kjehj mh dmg mj jmrgmgbg erhbd`g. h pjsng vdsg + bd

ojrhoh" Niumd s ojidkh ig kjrhj mh jpŨtd. ohj Ũtj su fdnd

kdbdsthr dbjstrhbdl pjsnjvh Egjredi Ďdċgrdb. prhotdċbj

su jbgkjeuądnd pjstdzhbig fdnj ohovje mjejvjrh" Ďdċgrdb

ig fdj zhmrtd htgdsth. prgzdrhj ig vgrjbhuou. h jmfdj ig mh

mjzvjnd ċho d ruojpjnjŲgbig svgŨtgbdoh d gpdsojph" W thoj

jphsbji htkjsagrd. Shċgnd ig mjbgong d vgrjvhj mh pjstjig

dzengmd mh sg. khohr d thibj. mjmg mj bgoje spjrhzukh. hnd

vrgkg ig jmkd`hnj h bdohovje vdmnidvje bhprgtoh bdig fdnj"Sdig \D ku ig 8465" bhnjŲdj mh prgodbg prgejvjrg"

Htgdsth Egjred i Ďdċgr db. rusod kdb ds thr dbjst rhbdl pjsnjvh.

bgpjsrgmbj ig jmejvjrhb Ũtj su 8467" prjphn d sv d pjouŨhi d

ohrmdbhnh Shċgn d ih mh sg uspjsthvg m dp njkhtsod jmbjsd dzkgĘu

Qht d ohbh d Pjv ig tsoje Phvgzh "



SHSH D BH@DP]D 608

Ųhr oj i d i g p rjeu thj zmhb ig Vh ils theh 8400" ejm dbg kjŲmh su zhph n d n d shkd bh` ds t d ohoj f d ojbhċbj bhŨ n d jp rhvmhb ig zh p rjejb

khċodl oj ku bdsth"



06 SHSH D BH@DP]D

O V ţ G B I G O J B O J V M H ] H

W pgrdjmu jm Ũgst ejmdbh. zhoniuċbj sh 8404. bh`dstd su

u vdsg jm 73 bhvrhth prgorŨdnd pjtpdshbd Vhilsojbojrmht. pjċgv jm lhpŨgbih Igvrgih bgpubdl pgt mhbh pjsng

pjtpdsdvhbih spjrhzukh" Bhsthvdnd su dzenhshvhbigk

zhojbh ojidk sg mjzvjnihvh stgrdndzh`dih Bgkh`h

skhtrhbdl ‒ bgmjstjibdk Ųdvjth&. ohj Ũtj su ordkdbhn`d.

mdsdmgbtd. snhfjukbd`d. ljkjsgosuhn`d. s ukh sdŨhvŨd d

jsthnd ojidkh sg kjrh jbgkjeuądtd rhzkbjŲhvhbig. ohoj

bidljvd bgmjsth`d bg fd prgnhzdnd bh pjtjbig bhrhŨthig"

Ohrmdbhn Shċgnd unhehj ig prjtgstg? prvd sg. ojborgtbj.

td`hj ijŨ igmbje prgorŨhih ojidk su B gk`d pjvrgmdnd

Vhilsojbojrmht. fjiojth igvrgisodl trejvdbh" Fdj ig tj igm hb jm uoupbj =7 prjtgsth bh ojig bh`dstdċod rgŲdk

bdohmh bdig jmejvjrdj. hnd su dpho td prjtgstd pjsnuŲdnd ohj

igzerj phpsog gb`dnmdog pjm bhsnjvjk Kdt Frgbbgbmgr

prgmsthvnihj ig zh bidl jbu oj`od`u Ũtj bgmjsthig mh fd

sg sonjpdj kjzhdo bidljvg vgndog pjfgmg igr ig igmdbj uz

ojbojrmht bidljv rgŲdk kjehj mh mjfdig bh uengmu d stgobg

bgohovj prdzbhbig u svgtu" Pgk tjeh. fdj ig tj d mgnjtvjrhb

bhmb mh sg uąutoh jpjzd`dih bh`dstdkh joupnigbh pjm

jordnigk Ohtjndċog `rovg u Bgkhċoji"

Q G V J N J K B D A D V G V

Mh nd ig Shċgnd uvdmgj bh ohovdk bgċhsbdk `dnigvdkh pjċdvhiu

zhprhvj td bigejvd prgejvjrd s Ldtngrjk + bg zbh sg. hnd ċumbj

fd fdnj mh igmbjk thoj dsousbjk d dbtgndegbtbjk mdpnjkhtd

hoj bgŨtj bdig phnj bh phkgt" Shċgndigv `dni fdj ig. bhrhvbj.

mh jihċh pjzd`diu Ohtjndċog `rovg u Bgkhċoji. mh zhŨtdtd svg

hkjŨbig ohtjndċog jrehbdzh`dig. tg mh jfgzfgmd bgskgthb rhmohtjndċodk Ũojnhkh d prjmhiu ohtjndċodl pufndoh`dih" ]u sg.

kgmutdk. ohrmdbhn Shċgnd bhŨhj u zhfnumd"

Hmjna Ldtngr tg 8400" ijŨ bdig fdj bh enhsu ohj ċjvgo

sprgkhb mh sg s fdnj odk mjejvjrd j fdnj ċgku zh

orhtojrjċbu mjfdt. h mh jbmh. ċdk dz bidl dzvuċg jbj Ũtj ku

g fdnj pjtrgfbj. tg mjejvjrg pjehzd" D thoj su prgejvjrd

gond mhnig. d Shċgnd ig. zhstuphium phpu Sdih \D. mhvhj svg

jm sgfg mh uspgiu" W trgbutou ohm su bh`dstd rhsodbund

Vhilsojbojrmht. svg ig vgą fdnj rgŨgbj. d phpstvj sg bhŨnj jċd

u jm s igmbdk vgrjnjkbdk d. prdtjk. `dbdċbdk phrtbgrjk"

Bh jvj i aj tje rh a d i d s pjċg toh 8404" v dm dkj ohrm db h nh Shċg n d i h

rg bgej Ũtj ig dzhfrhb zh phpu"

"

Pjreg ,P mufjodk bgspjojistvjk$. ojiu ig Sh`gnd

prdprgkdj zh phpu" Gb`dondoh ig jfbhrjmjvhbh 83"khrth 8405" ejmdbg. s tdk Ũtj Sdig \D. zh rhzndou jm svje

phŲnidvje. mdpnjkhtdċbje bub`dih. bdig thoj frdŲnidvj fdrhj

rgm9

Oj ejm uzmdŲg rhsu. bhrjm dnd mrŲhvu""" dnd srgmdŨth kjąd. dnd fdnj ojiu mrueu. jsbjvbu vrgmbjst niumsog zhigmbd`g""" oj ejm uzmdŲg bgod jm tdl pjikjvh dzbhm bigejvg sthbmhrmbg vrgmbjstd. ph eh. jfjŲhvhiuąd eh. uzmdŲg bh bdvj oukdrh. thi uċgstvuig u dsordvnihvhbiu

d dzjphċgbiu pjrgto h jvje svgth o hohv jmejvhrh bhuku d stvhrhnhċoji mgnhtbjst d FjŲiji? thi ig mhngoj jm vgrg dstdbdtg u Fjeh. d jm pjik h Ųdvjth ohohv th vgrh zhejvhrh"



SHSH D BH@DP]D 60 0

snuŲfgbjk pjr t rgtu phpg Sd ih \D D . Ũ tj ig Shċgn d pjsthj ujċd Mrueje svgtsoje rhth. jengmhiu sh b igejvh kdshjbjst d bgpjpust n i dvjst

hotgrh"



60= SHSH D BH@DP]D

Bh pjmkuonjst bh`dsth Qhtdohb ig jmejvjrdj igmdbdk

jruŲigk ojidk d dbhċg rhspjnhŲg9 gb`dondojk" Shpsog

gb`dondog jfdċbj sg pdŨu bh nhtdbsojk igzdou" Hnd jvjeh puth

ohrmdbhn Shċgnd pjzvhj ig bgojnd`dbu bgkhċodl ohrmdbhnh mh

ku pjkjebu mh shsthvd tgost pjm bhsnjvjk Kdt Frgbbgbmgr

Ohrmdbhn Shċgnd ig jm phpsoje bub`dih

u Fgrndbu shzbhj zhstrhŨuiuąg

pjigmdbjstd u vgzd sh jbdk stj sg

zfdvhnj u Ordsthnbji bjmd"

Pjreg. jm prvje mj pjsngmbige snjvh bh bgkhċojk igzdou"

Shċgnd ig fdj pjtpubj svgsthb mh ąg bh`dstd uċdbdtd svg mhsprgċg rhsturhbig jvg gb`dondog. ph ig bh vrgkg prgmuzgj

jmejvhrhiuąg kgrg prgmjstrjŲbjstd ohoj fd jbh dpho mjspgnh

mj svdl ohtjndċodl `rohvh bh bgkhċojk tnu" W bh`dstdċou

mrŲhvu gb`dondoh ig prjordiukċhrgbh. mh fd pjtjk. u pjthid.

fdnh jmŨthkphbh d rhsphrċhbh" Bhpjsngtou ig d prjċdthbh. u

svdk ohtjndċodk `rovhkh. zh vrgkg kdsg bh prhzbdo @vgtd.

mhbh 8=" khrth 8405"

Ohm su bh`dstd slvhtdnd Ũth sg mjejmdnj. pjbgnd su sg

ohj prhvd bhsdnbd`d" Pvd prjbhmgbd prdkgr`d gb`dondog Kdt Frgbbgbmgr Pjreg ojbadsojvhbd su. Ũthkphrd d mdstrdfutgm

su pjlhpŨgbd. h Ũthkphrsog prgsg jmuzgtg jm vnhsbdoh"

Sjmdebutg su. pjtjk. nhŲbg jptuŲbd`g zh bhvjmbu bgpjŨtgbu

trejvdbu strhbdk vhnuthkh ohoj fd sg ohtjndċod svgŨtgbd`d

mjvgnd prgm sum d dzh rgŨgthoh"

Hmjna Ldtngr ig svjig sthbjvdŨtg jfrhznjŲdj bh joruthb

bhċdb ohmh ig sthv bh`dsth j phpdbji gb`dondod prjprhtdj

sngmgądk rgċdkh9

]rgąd rhil bg Ųgnd bdohohv kjmus vdvgbmd s Ohtjndċojk `rovjk. vgą fd prg mh vdmd bigbj ubdŨtgbig""" ohoj fd sg stvjrdj prjstjr zh Bgkhċou `rovu. ojih fd vgndċhnh

egrkhbsou rhsu"""

S D I G \ D D + B H @ D P ] H D H B ] D P G K D ] H :

]j Ũtj ig thmh tgo dzhfrhbd phph Sdig \DD

bhvjmbj zhohzhj ohm ig trgfhnj

enhsbj jsumdtd pjbhŨhbig bh`dsth.

prjtukhċgbj ig ohj prvd zbho

bigejvje ‒ouohvdċnuoh& d ‒`uthbih&

j tgkhkh ojig fd kjeng uvrgmdtd

Ldtngrh d bigejv tjthndthrbd

rgŲdk u Bgkhċoji" Jtumh sg.

pjrgm jsthnje. d rhzvdnh tgjrdih

mh ig shk phph prjbh`dstdċod

uskgrgb hbtdsgkdth" ]vjr`d

jvg tgjrdig. kgmutdk. prgvdmgnd

su prg svgeh bgprdihtgnisou

rgho`diu bh`dsth bh dzfjr

ohrmdbhnh Shċgndih zh phpu"

Ndst Fgrndb kjregbpjst jptuŲdj

ig. bhdkg. bjvje phpu zh ‒krŲbiu

zhsbjvhbu bh prgmrhsumhkh d bgdzngċdvd

bgmjsththo rhzukgvhbih&" Fgrndbsog bjvdbg

mhnig bhvjmg9 ‒,Sdig \DD$ u Bgkhċoji bdig mjċgohb

s fnhejbhonjbjŨąu zhtj Ũtj sg pjsnjvdċbj suprjtsthvnihbh`dzku. prd ċgku ig pjndtdou Qhtdohbh ajrkundshj ijŨ

rhbdig. zh pjbtdadohth bigejvje prgtljmbdoh&"

GuĘgbdj Shċgnd bgkh kbjej

rhzukgvhbih zh bhs? snhfg bhmg. stjeh.

pjnhŲgkj u bigeh&. zhoniuċdj ig

bh`dstdċod ţu`Ũthagn ,P`lutzsthaagn$.

snuŲfgbj dzmhbig PP+h. Ldtngrjvg

ndċbg ehrmg" Mruemg pj Gvrjpd

d svgtu. u Frdthbdid. Arhb`usoji

d Pigmdbigbdk Hkgrdċodk

MrŲhvhkh. bjvd phph mjągohb

ig srm hċbjk mjfrjmjŨnd`jk"Bh`dstdċoh Bgkhċoh. kgĘutdk.

fdnh ig igmdbh jm zbhċhibdidl

mrŲhvh ojih bdig pjsnhnh

prgmsthvbdoh bh orubdshbig bjvje

phpg"

Wprojs s t rje jk . hsogt so jk dzengmu. Sd ig \DD fdj ig

ċjvgo dzrhz d tj Ũhrkhbthb. muljvd t d shjsgąhihb" Vhmgąd

khlj k u th ibjs t d . sphshj ig . p rgk h p rj`gbhk h. joj <13"333 Igvrg ih zh v rgkg Mrueje svg tsoje rh th "



SHSH D BH@DP]D 60 7

B H @ D P ] D Ď O H Y Q G V P ] Q H

hiblhrm Lhimrdl. jpubjkjągbd prjtgotjr ]rgąge

hilh u ĎgŨoji d Kjrhvsoji ,bh tgrdtjrdid mhbhŨbig @gŨog

gpufndog$ ufdigb ig u fjkfhŨojk bhphmu prdphmbdoh

gŨoje pjorgth jtpjrh bh hutjkjfdn u ojigk sg vdsjod

h`dstdċod aubo`djbgr bhnhzdj" Lhimrdljv bhsngmbdo. Ohrn

Lgrkhb Arhbo. jprgmgndj sg zh ‒spg`dihnbu rgprgsdvbu

o`diu s `dnigk mh sg Ďgsd bhuċg prdstjibjk pjbhŨhbiu&"

@rbjojŨunihŨd& dz rgmjvh PP+h pjmuċhvhbig @glh jtpjċgnd

u igzdvjk jmkhzmjk bh sgnj Ndmd`g. emg su strgnihbh 856

mrhsnh kuŨohr`h d kjkċdąh. mjo su Ųgbg d mg`h prgfhċgbd

ojb`gbtrh`djbd njejr Vhvgbsfrdo"Dstg tg 84=6" ejmdbg ohtjndċod bhmfdsoup Wtrglth bhpdshj

g rgmjvbj phstjrhnbj pdskj u oj igk dsohzuig prjtgst

prjtdv prjejbh Igvrgih u Ljnhbmdid. ojih ig thmh thojmg

dnh pjm bh`dstdċojk uprhvjk" Jbj Ũtj su bh`dstdċog

nhstd jovhndadojvhng ohj ‒prjtdvkgru& jmderhnj sg pgt mhbh

ohsbdig. ohm ig vgndod frji ljnhbmsodl Igvrgih d ohtjndoh

pjlhpŨgb d pjsnht u ojb`gbtrh`djbg njejrg" ]u su dl bh`dstd

mrŲhnd ohj svjigvrsthb zhnje phpdbjk ‒ngpjk pjbhŨhbiu&.

mh fd dkhnd ojeh mh znjsthvnihiu hoj phph Sdig \DD ijŨ

igm bjk prjejvjrd prjtdv bh`dstdċog vnhmhvdbg"

Vgprdzh jbdl strhljth vdmgbdl u Ndmd`hkh jmderhnh sg

84==" ejmdbg. ohmh su hotdvdstd arhb`usoje pjorgth jtpjrh

svjidk mgnjvhbigk uspjrdnd orgthbig bgkhċodl truph ojig

su fdng ldtbj pjsnhtg bh zhphm sh zhmhtojk mh jbgkjeuąg

bhprgmjvhbig shvgzbdċodl truph pjsng dsor`hvhbih u

Bjrkhbmdid" Ptrgnihbd su thmh svd kuŨohr`d u sgnu Jrhmur

bh Enhbu bh iuejzhphmu Arhb`usog. mjo su Ųgbg d mg`h

shtgrhbd u sgjsou `rovu d tu sphnigbd" Pgnj ig srhvbigbj shzgknijk. h u khshoru ig strhmhnj bhikhbig ldnihmu sgnihbh"

Egbgrhn PP+h Ohr n Lgrkhb Arhbo prgmhj sg hkgr dċoji vjis` d

u Snzgbu 84=7" ejmdbg" Pumgbj ku ig prgm ċgŨodk sumjk zh

rhtbg z njċ dbg d rhzhrhbig ċ gŨoje sgnh N dm d`g" SjŨtj ig prjenhŨgb

or dv dk. pjeufn igb ig ihvbj 84=1" ejmdbg. u pr dsustvu 7"333

pjskht rhċh "



01 SHSH D BH@DP]D

Y N G B H K G V G B H @ D P ] H

Hoj su sg mrued d prgbund. ohrmdbhn Shċgnd jvdk bdig fdj bd

bhikhbig dzbgbhĘgb" IjŨ prg bgej Ũtj su Ldtngr d bh`dstd

mjŨnd bh vnhst. Shċgnd bdig dkhj bdohovg mdngkg u vgzd s

bidljvdk stvhrbdk bhkgrhkh" Ejmdbhkh prg prgnjkbg

400" jmderhvhng su sg fgzfrjibg ‒prjfg& zh uspjsthvnihbig

jthndthrbg mrŲhvg. u ojiji ąg vnhmhtd rhsdzhk d surjvjst"

Bh`dstdċod bhsdnbd`d joupnigbd u phrhkdndthrbdk PH d

P igmdbd`hkh mjfdihnd su zhmhtog mh rhsturhiu soupjvg

jkubdstdċog d jsthndl pjndtdċodl strhbhoh" Srgknhądvhnd

u dnd ufdihnd pjndtdċog prjtdvbdog" Bh`dstdċod kdtdbzd. d svh

gċho . i gmhb jm sgmkjrj p rgŲ dvg n d l pjs ng bh` ds t d ċoje khshorh u

rhb`usojk sg nu Jrhmur bh Enhbu . uċgs tvu ig u pjkgbu jmrŲhbjk

jm khsjvbg e rjfb d`g Ų r thvh pg t kgsg` d pjs ng s t rhŨbje

jehmh ih . u bjvgkfru 84=="

rhsojŨ ojih ig u tdk prdndohkh prdohzdvhbh. fdnd su bgsordvgbj

kdndthbtbd" D svg ig tj fdnh prdprgkh tgrgbh zh strhljvnhmu

ojih ig jtpjċgnh jbje mhbh ohm ig Ldtngr prguzgj muŲbjst

Shpd Sdiu \DD mrhŲd su fdnd mdsorgtbh mdpnjkhtdih d ukgąg ufgmdvhbih jm

bhphmbdl egstjvh d Ųgstjodl prjenhsh"

ohb`gnhrh Bgkh`og. 03" ihbuhrh 8400" ejmdbg" ]hmh ig

jsbjvhb d prvd bh`dstdċod ojb`gbtrh`djbd njejr. u Mhlhuu. u

Fhvhrsoji. emg sg jmkhl pjċgnj s rbuċgbigk. zhstrhŨdvhbigk

d surjvdk pjstuphbigk prgkh prvdk zhtvjrgbd`dkh9 Igvrgidkh. sj`dihndst dkh. sdbmdohndstdkh d jsthndk pjndtdċodk



SHSH D BH@DP]D 605

dstjkdŨnigbd dkh"Wsngmdnd su frjibd pjzbhtd mjehĘhid. uoniuċuium phnigbig

lstheh 8400. usvhihbig BdrbfgrŨodl zhojbh 8407*01.

ojbsodl hohth ojidkh su Igvrgidkh u Bgkhċoji jmuzgth

hmhbsoh prhvh. ohj d Ordsthnbh bją ,Ordsthnnbh`lt$. ojih sg

derhnh bjvgkfrh 840<. ohmh ig pj `gnji Bgkhċoji d Hustrdid

Ũnj mj bhphmh bh Igvrgig. bidljvg sdbhejeg d prdvhtbj

sbdŨtvj" W Ordsthnbji bjąd Ųdvjtg ig dzeufdj 48 Igvrgidb. h

hpŨgbj dl ig dzkgĘu 67"333 d 03"333. d svd su jbd ohsbdig

snhtd u ojb`gbtrh`djbg njejrg"

Ohrmdbhn Shċgnd shzbhj ig zhstrhŨuiuąg pjigmdbjstd u

zd s Ordsthnbjk bjąd jm phpsoje bub`dih u Fgrndbu" W tj

gkg phph Sdig \D fdj ig bh ukjru. h dkh dstjrdċhrh ojid

ejvgŨthvhiu mh eh ig Shċgnd ufgmdj mh bg unhŲg zvhbdċhb

jtgst" Sdig \D ukrj ig trd kgsg`h ohsbdig. mgsgtje agfruhrh

Ohj bgutrhnbh mrŲhvh. Erhm Qhtdohb

kjehj ig u pjthid mh sg pjsvgtd

sphshvhbiu niumd. d tj u jfdku ojid ig

shkj phph kjehj mh pjstdebg"

04" Yh phpu ig dzhfrhb Shċgnd" W tjk trgbutou. Ũthkphrdbdsu fdnd pjsnhnd u Qhtdohb pjsngmbiu gb`dondou Sdih \D .

m bhsnjvjk Lukhbd Egbgrds Wbdths ,J igmdbstvu niumsoje

mh$. prdprgknigbu. dbhċg. prgtljmbje sgptgkfrh" W vrgkg

m ig gb`dondoh ojbhċbj stdenh mj Pvgtg stjnd`g. Sdig \D bdig

sg fdj kgmu Ųdvdkh" Khmh ig Shċgnd fdj bigejv mdrgotbd

sngmbdo bh prgstjnu svgtje Sgtrh. jb bdig jfbhrjmjvhj

gvu jprjŨthibu gb`dondou. u ojiji ig pjmvŨd phph pjorgbuj

sg spjrbdl pdthbih. d tj pjtpubj jtvjrgbj. bh bhmb

pdċhb zh Sdih \D. jŨtrj jsumuium rhsdzhk. ojnjbdihndzhk d

tdsgkdtdzhk. svg shkg oniuċbg jmndog bh`dstdċog pjndtdog"

Mrued bgspjrhzuk u vgzd s phpjk Sdigk \DD td`hj sg

gejvje ndċbje stdnh" Jb bdohmh bdig vjngj mh putuig pj

rjŨdkh d erhmjvdkh. d mrŲd odtbihstg. gkj`dihkh bhtjpnigbg

vjrg" MrhŲg su ku fdng mdpnjkhtdih d ukgąg ufgmdvhbih

ej mrhkhtdċbd egstjvd d jŨtrd prjenhsd" Sjrgm tjeh.

pnjkhtsoj dsoustvj ojig ig ejmdbhkh std`hj mhvhnj ku

pub uvdm u prdrjmu tg bh`dstdċog zvgrd" Sdig ig shvrŨgbj

frj zbhj mh ąg bh`dstd bh svhou ordtdou d svhod mb projsh

ejvjrdtd shkj ijŨ ejrdk surjvjstdkh" ]j ig. ŨthvdŨg. d fdnh

mbh jm bh ivgml frdeh igvrgisodl vjmh d jb dl zhtjċgbdoh

ojb`gbtrh`djbdk njejrdkh ojid su fdnd u kjeuąbjstd mh

jnibjk svgtu prgbgsu svjig strhljvg" Jbd su. bhdkg.

prgsthbj prgnmdbihnd phpu mh fdnj ohovu jsumu bh`dstdċodl

Grbs t tjb Qh izgogr . bgkhċo d hkfhshmjr u Qh t d ohbu . upjzjr dj i g

Pvgtu stj n d`u bh p nhbjvg Hmjn ah Ld t ngrh mh jtkg phpu Sd ih \D D "

Jvmg v dm dkj Qh izgogrh ohoj jmejvhrh bh p d thb ih p rgm sumjk u

Bd rbfgreu "

zvgrsthvh dsohzuig bh bhifnhŲd kjeum bhmb"

]j sg vdmd d dz jvdl rgm igmbje jm svgmjoh ojid su

uċgstvjvhnd u BdrbfgrŨojk prj`gsu 84=7*=1" ejmdbg. ohmh su

prgm nd`g prhvmg dzvgmgbd bh`dstdm`d rhtbd znjmb`d9

Fdnj ojih rgm Sdih \DD upgrgbh prjtdv numhoh ohohv ig fdj Ldtngr dzhzvhnh fd shk j ijŨejru prjphst""" ,d$ ufrzhnh

khshor Igvrgih d svgŨtgbdoh"



0< SHSH D BH@DP]D

BGWPSGNH YHQGVH9 J]KD@H SHSG

Wvgrgbig bh`dstdċoje rgŲdkh mh phph Sdig \DD rhmd ruou

pjmruou s Igvrgidkh fdnj ig u shenhsiu sh hbtdsgkdtsojkprjphehbmjk ojijk ig mr Ijzga Egfgns ejmdbhkh

bgŨtgmdkd`g zhsdphj bgkh`od bhrjm" Fgz jfzdrh bh tj Ũtj

ig phph Sdig d 84=0" ejm dbg dstrhibj jmfdihj mh mdrgotbj

jsumd bh`dstdċoj pjbhŨhbig prgkh Igvrgidkh. dzengmh mh ig

Ldtngr fdj dzeufdj strp nigbig s pjbtdajk d mh ig u tj vrgkg

uvgndoj rhzkhtrhj skgj pnhb ohoj mh eh ohzbd" Adrgrjvh ig

bhkgrh fdnh mh jtkg phpu Sdih d zhtjċd eh bgemg u Ejrbiji

Shph Sd ig \ D D f nhejs d n i h joup n igbu khsu 84=0 ejm dbg . u v rgkg

ohm igzh

b igeh svhoj pj ihv n i d vhb ig u ihvbjs t d kje nj f d t d

jphsbj. i g r i g Hmj n a L d t n g r bhkgrhvhj mh eh j tkg"

Phosjbdid. bh dstjou Bgkhċog" Hnd bg fd jb sthj bh tjkg"

Yhpdsbdo s igmbje shsthboh jmrŲhbje 61" iunh 84=0" jtordj ig dstrhŲdvhċdkh mh L dtngr b dig bhkgrhvhj shkj mh sg

mjojph pjbtdah. vgą mh ig rhzkhtrhj kjeuąbjst mh dzvrŨd

prhvd prgphm bh Qhtdohb. tg mh ig u tjk skdsnu pjsnhj

bhrgmgbig igmbjk jm sthrgŨdbh PP+h u Dthndid. egbgrhnu

Ohrnu Jtu Qjnau. d jm bigeh zhltgvhj mh"""

""" Ũtj ig prg kjeuąg zhuzkg Qhtdohb d Erhm Qhtdohb. mh jfgzfgmd hrldvg d ukgtbdċoh fnheh igmdbstvgbg vrgmbjstd.

h mh phpu. zhigmbj s ourdijk ,phpsodk mvjrjk$. svg u `dniu bidljvg fgzfgmbjstd. prgfh`d bh sdeurbj kgstj ohoj



SHSH D BH@DP]D 604

bg fd ph nd u ruog shvgzbdċodl sbheh. ojig fd pjsng kjengmh dsojrdstg phpsod pjndtdċod utd hi"

Egbgrhn Qjna d kbjed mrued bh`dstdm Ę zvhbdċbd`d d

mdpnjkhtg ,kbjed kgĘu bidkh dspjvgmhnd su rdkjohtjndċou

vgru$. zhprgphstdnd su sg shzbhvŨd mh Adrgr bhkgrhvh mh dmg

tjndoj mhngoj mh zhrjfd bhiuengmbdige vjmu u svgtu" Phk

phph ig jvg vgstd prdkdj sh jsgtbj vgąjk fnhejbhonjbjŨąu"

Jb ig fdj uvgrgb mh ig Ldtngrh zhpjsgj bgċhstdvd. d u vdsg

bhvrhth pjouŨhj ig mh dstgrh mhvjnh dz Adrgrh. bg fd nd eh

thoj jsnjfjmdj znjeh utd`hih" ţtj sg Ldtngrh tdċg. jb ig. usvjiji kgehnjkhbdid. phpu mjŲdvnihvhj ohj ‒igmdbj niumsoj

fdąg ojig kd uvgo prjtdvurgċd d bdohm kg bg snush„" Adrgr

ig fdj rgŨgb mh uonjbd tu krniu dz svje shkjmrŲhċoje

Ųdvjtjpdsh"

Srojsdtd Adrgru muej ig fdj jphshb. bgrgtoj pj Ųdvjt

pjeufhb pjmulvht. hnd ohmh ig vgą jfgnjmhbigbj

pjstjihbig zhvgrg mh sg jtkg phph. bh s`gbu su buŲbj

stupdnd jbd ojid bdsu kjend jsthtd bh tjkg mh sg sngpj

pjojrhvhiu bhrgĘgbidkh d jenuŨg j mdotht shvgstd" Fdnh ig.

dstdbh. pjtrgfbh bgkhnh lrhfrjst mh sg bgŨtj prgmuzkg. hndpjstjihnd su d u tj mjfh Bgk`d sprgkbd mh prguzku vgndod

rdzdo bg fd nd jsuigtdnd pnhbjvg svjeh Adrgrh" Igmhb jm bidl

fdj ig Grbst ajb Qhizgogr. bgkhċod hkfhshmjr u Qhtdohbu"

Jb ig upjzjrdj Pvgtu stjnd`u bh jp hsbjst ojih prgtd

phpd Sdiu d prgmnjŲdj pjbtdau mh sg uzmrŲd jm fdnj ohovdl

pjstuphoh ojid fd kjend bhvgstd bgprgmvdmdvje Adrgrh mh

stupd u mgistvj" Bh`dstdċod hkfhshmjr u Dthndid. Vumjna Vhb.

zhigmbj s ijŨ bgojnd`dbjk bgkhċodl mdpnjkhth. thojmg

ig rhmdj bh jsu igągbiu pnhbh jtkd`g" Bh dstjk pjsnu

hbehŲjvhj sg d egbgrhn Qjna. ojid ig orhigk 84=0" ojbhċbj

uspgj mh jmejvjrd Ldtngrh jm jtkd`g"

Dnd ig fhr egbgrhn kdsndj mh ig uspgj" Hoj ig vgrjvhtd

ds rpbjk dzvgŨthiu jfihvnigbjk u igmbjk dzmhbiu

ohtjndċoje mbgvbdoh*tvvgk%rg m—nthndh ,u snjfjmbjk

prgvjmu9 ţth sg u Dthndid mjehmh$. ojid ig svgtnjst mhbh

uengmhj u ihbuhru 6337" ejmdbg. Qjna sg 84==" uŲhsbuj

ohmh ku ig Ldtngr pjsnhj bjvj bhrgmgbig u vgzd s jtkd`jk

ojiu ig pnhbdrhj d jm ojig. mhong. bdohmh bdig bd jmusthj"

W tjk trgbutou. bgemg orhigk khih 84==. Qjna sg bhnhzdj

bh pjnjŲhiu zhpjvgmbdoh PP+h u Vdku. ojid ig fdj pjm

bh`dstd`ojk jouph`dijk" Phvgzbdċoh Sgth hrkdih. ojih

sg jshk kgsg`d prg tjeh dsor`hnh bh dthndihbsoj tnj u tdk

Egbgrhn Ohr n Ar dmr dl Jtj Qjn a dz fjrfgbje PP+h kbjej ig

r dz dojvhj mh f d phpu Sd ih \D D upjzjr dj bh p nhb jtkd`g"

trgbu`dkh ufrzhbj ig bhprgmjvhnh oh enhvbjk erhmu.

d fdnj ig dzvgsbj mh ąg orjz bgojndoj mhbh zhuzgtd Vdk"

Bgkhċod Qgrkhlt prdprgkhj sg zh pjvnhċgbig. d Ldtngr ig u

tjk ċhsu kdsndj mh ig dmghnhb trgbutho mh sg mjċgph phpg.

ph mh eh bigejvh vjisoh pjvgmg sh sjfjk ohm sg fumg

pjvnhmnh"

Qjna ig jmnumj mh mgistvuig jmkhl. d ijŨ bd kgsg` khibdig fdj prjŨhj. h jb ig uejvjrdj thibd shsthbho s phpjk" W

Qhtdohb ig mjŨhj prgruŨgb. u `dvdnbji jmgm. pjm jordnigk

bjm. uz pjkją igmbje svgŨtgbdoh ojid ig ukgj mh sg sbhmg

u zhkrŨgbjk ojkpngosu zerhmh" Q jna ig prvj uvgrhvhj

phpu Sdih mh bdohovg jtkd`g bgąg fdtd. hnd eh ig dstjk

prdndojk d upjzjrdj mh Adrgr bigeh. pjbtdah. mjŲdvnihvh

ohj ‒prdihtgnih Igvrgih& d prgprgou jstvhrgbiu pnhbjvh zh

uspjsthvnihbig prgvnhstd bhm `gndk svgtjk" Kdkj tjeh Ũtj

ig jpjkgbuj phpu mh jtvjrd ċgtvjrg jm iu. khnj ig tjeh

egbgrhn Qjna ijŨ kjehj zh bigeh mh umbd" Bhpustdj ig

Vdk. zh igmbj sh svjidk truphkh. bgmuej prg bgej Ũtj ąg

shvgzbdċoh vjisoh zhuzgtd Vdk"



SHSH D BH@DP]D

khċo d vj ib d ` d ph t rj n d rh iu u bgpjsrgmbj i f n d z db d Fhz d n d og svg tje trh u Qh t d ohbu " Sr dk d n d su s t r d o tbh bhrgĘgb ih mh bg p rg nhzg fgnu

i u oj ih p rgms thv n i h e rhb d`u d zkgmu Qht d ohbh d js th toh V dkh"

Y D Q H J M K H Y M H

ngo`diu Igvrgid su bhuċdnd bh tgŲd bhċdb. bh sjpstvgbji ojŲd.

mh ig bhm bidkh dzvrŨgbh jmkhzmh zfje pjedfdig Grbsth ajb

th. knhmje mdpnjkhtg ojid ig ufdigb u bgkhċoji hkfhshmd u

rdzu" Qdbjvbdo ig fdj igmhb knhmd bgkhċod Igvrgidb. LgrŨgn

dbsphb. ojid ig prjtgstjvhj prjtdv prjtgrdvhbih bigejvgrjmd`g dz Bgkhċog" Wprhvj jvj ufdstvj pjmsthonj ig

dnhċoj+ruŨdnhċod pjljm bh`dstdċodl fhbmd u Ordsthnbji bjąd"

Ohsbdig. ohm ig Mrued svgtsod rht vgą fdj pjjmkhohj.

vdsg bhvrhth mjŨng su mj dzrhŲhih bgsnuągbg rhzk grg

`dstdċog jsvgtjniufdvjstd" ]u d thkj fd d mjzvjndnd bgog

bdig prgorŨhig mrhojbsodl prjpdsh ojid su fdnd bh sbhzd. hnd

j fd tj u prgorŨdj`u prjfumdnj kh d trubou shkjpjuzmhbih.

j fd u ermbji zhfnumd" Ohm fd prj`gbdnd mh ig bgod ojborgthb

hzjv mjvjnibj jzfdnihb mh fd vrgmgnj uzgtd eh u jfzdr. bh`dstd

uzvrhtdnd dz svg sbheg"Pujċgb s bgprdihtgnigk bgukjnidvg bhrhvd. spjsjfbdk zh

hou svdrgpjst d zvgrstvj ojig shk j niumsoh dzjp hċgbjst ukg

skdsnd. phph Sdig mjŨhj ig mj zhoniuċoh mh ig bgprdstrhsb jst.

Qhtdohb sg jenhsdj jfhzrdvj srj`gbdk

prjtgstjk. u ojigk su prgjvnhmhvhnh

jpŨth kgsth""" uz jsumu ‒prdkgbg

jvhovdl kgrh ojig mufjoj pjvrgmuiu

ċjvgou prdrjmgbh prhvh. d tj shkj

zhtj Ũtj prdphmh jmrgmgbji rhsd„"



SHSH D BH@DP]D 6=8

nd fhrgk prdvdm bgprdstrhsbjstd. igmdbd bhċdb mh sg jfgzfgmd

bgutrhnhb pjnjŲhi Qhtdohbh. h shkdk tdk d ohovh+thovh

snjfjmh mgnjvhbih" Ohj bgutrhnbh mrŲhvh ojiu bd shkd bh`dstd

bg fd bhphnd h mh prgtljmbj j tjkg mjfrj bg rhzkdsng.

Erhm Qhtdohb. sh svjidk zmhbidkh d usthbjvhkh. kjehj sgupjtrgfdtd u svrlu thibje sphshvhbih niumd. d tj u jfdku ojid ig

shkj phph. d bdoj mrued. kjehj mh pjstdebg"

Shph Sd ig \D D pjzmrhvn ih prgmsthvbdog Ũthkpg. vjib dog d mrueg

vjibg sthrgŨdbg u svji dk jmhihkh u Qht dohbu 5" iubh 84==. t r d

mhbh pjŨtj su shvgzbd`d jsnjfjmdn d Vdk"

] G ţ O H P ] V H ] G E D I H

]hovu pjzd`diu bdig fdnj bdkhnj nhoj shċuvhtd" Shpdbh

strhtgedih ig. bgkdbjvbj. kjrhnh mh sg mrŲd u thibjstd"

Dstj thoj bgkdbjvbj. kgĘutdk. ċuvhbig thovg thibg

pjmrhzukgvhnj ig d jtvjrgbh prgfh`dvhbih zfje‒rhvbjmuŨbjstd& s ojijk ‒fgzjsgąhibd& Sdig \DD prjprhąh

zvgrstvh ojih dzhzdvhiu bhimufniu prgbgrhŲgbjst svdl jbdl ojid

bdsu bhnhzdnd zh sljmbj mh u tji kgrd jongvhiu. dnd. fjnig rgm.

mh svgsbj jsthvnihiu utdsho ojngfnidvjstd ohmh vhnih jsumdtd

znjmbg"

Jotjfrh 84=8" ejmdbg. prdkgrh rhmd. hkgrd`od dzhsnhbdo

u Qhtdohbu. Lhrjnm L" ]dtkhb. bhstjihj ig mh bhejvjrd



SHSH D BH@DP]D

¿]d

Fa%Q%%ℑℑ — tn

pu Sdih mh enhsbj prjejvjrd prjtdv zvgrsthvh pjċdbigb dlm Igvrgidkh" ]dtkhbu ig prg tjeh bgn>j sn>rgbuj phŲbiu

Sdigvu Ųgniu mh jsthbg ‒bgutrhnhb&" ]j ig. bhrhvbj.

j prg ‒Ojbhċbje rgŨgbih zh igvrgisoj pdthbig&. Ũtj ig

od guagkdzhk ojid su bh`dstd upjtrgfnihvhnd zh pjtpubj

rgfnigbig Igvrgih. mj bhisdtbdidl pjigmdbjstd dspnhbdrhbj

ojbagrgb`did ojih ig ihbuhrh 84=6" u Qhbsgu. prgmerhmu

rndbh. joupdnh vdsjog zvhbdċbdog bh`dstdċoje rgŲdkh"

Sjsngmd`g svgeh Ũtj ig dzrgċgbj bh Ojbagrgb`did u Qhbsgu

mnuoh thkj mjbgtdl ufrzj su pjsthng jċdengmbg" Khrth

=6" ejmdbg <3"333 snjvhċodl Igvrgih prdprgknigbj ig zh

bspjrt u Sjnisou" Jvdk ig. sumgąd pj dzvgŨthiu vhtdohbsoje

prhvbdoh pjsnjvh u snjvhċoji prgstjbd`d Frhtdsnhvd. ‒vgndod

ji bidl jsumgb bh dzvgsbu skrt„" Qhtdohb sg jenhsdj

Shbjrhksod pjengm bh mvjrh` Ehbmjn aj. phpsou ngtb iu rgz dmgb`d iu

oj ih sg uzm dŲg bhm igzgrjk H nfhbj. skgŨ tgbu t r d mgsg tho

o d n jkgthrh iuej ds tjċbj jm V dkh u pjfrmu Kjbt d H nfhb d "

jfhzrdvj srjċgbdk prjtgstjk. u ojigk su prgjvnhmhvhnh

jpŨth kgsth. uz jsumu ‒prdkgbg jvhovdl kgrh ojig mufjoj

pjvrgmuiu ċjvgou prdrjmgbh prhvh. d tj shkj zhtj Ũtj prdphmh

jmrgmgbj i rhsd&" Sjruoh ig dpho fdnh Ũdarjvhbh. fumuąd mh

sg u prjtgstu bdemg ojborgtbj bg pjkdbiu bh`dstd" ]hovji

thotd`d Sdig ig bgrgtoj prdfgehvhj ohoj fd bh`dstg. h pjsgfbj

Egsthpj. znjenhsbu thibu pjnd`diu. jmvrhtdj jm kgŨhbih u

ubutrhŨbig stvhrd Qhtdohbh"

Srgkmh su ordtdċhrd phpg Sdih bigejv bguspgl mh

bh`dstg pjzjvg bh jmejvjrbjst prjtukhċdnd ohj pjvnhągbig



SHSH D BH@DP]D 6=0

jsvgmjċgbje ouohvd`g. pjruoh ig dpho pjsnhth. d stdenh thkjemg ig trgfhnj. d tj zhlvhniuiuąd pjbtdajvji fjŲdąbji pjrum

vgrbd`dkh. gkdtjvhbji prgoj Vhmdj Qhtdohbh" Ejmdbg 84=8.

ohtjndċog d jsthng pjrjmd`g Ũdrjk Pigmdbigbdl Hkgrdċodl

MrŲhvh sgmgng su uz svjig rhmdj+prdigkbdog" ]go bgŨtj vdsg jm

mvg bgmgnig prjŨnj ig fdnj jm sumfjbjsbje 5" mg`gkfrh. mhbh

ojid ąg sg. ohoj ig rgohj prgmsgmbdo Vuzvgnt. ‒zhbhvgo phktdtd

pj znu&. ohmh su d Hkgrdohb`d. pjsng ihphbsoje bhphmh bh

sgmdŨtg Sh`dadċog anjtg PHM u Sgrn Lhrfjru. bh Lhvhidkh. fdnd

prdkjrhbd mh umu u rht"

]jk prdndojk. urgmbdŨtvj Biuijro thiksh bgsukbidvjig mjfrj prj`gbdnj phpu Sdih. ojid ig pjzvhj vgrbdog bh

stvhrhbig ‒igmbje stvhrbj bjvje pjrgtoh&. pjrgtoh ojid ąg

fdtd zhsbjvhb bh ‒snjfjmd. prhvmd d niufhvd&. mh fd pjtjk

jmfh`dj kjeuąbjst mh ąg mj kgmusjfbje spjrhzukh mjm

zhrhągbg strhbg ..mid su rhtbd `dnigvd d prjerhkd pj svgku

sumgm bgpjkdrnidvd&" W mhbou jfihvnigbjk u Biuijro thiksu bhvgmgbj ig d tj mh ig phph u svjiji pjru`d. dstdbh Ũdarjvhbj.

bgmvjskdsngbj jsumdj bh`dstdċod prjejb gvrjpsodl Igvrgih9

Enhs Sdih \DD ushknigbd ig enhs u jpŨtgk kuou d thrbd ojid jvje FjŲdąh jfhvdihiu Gvrjpu""" Bh`dstdċod `dnigvd thojĘg bgpjkdrnidvd ,su$ d s Sdigvdk vdĘgbigk lrdŨąhbsoje kdrh"

Joj trd ldnihmg bidl prjordiukċhrgbj

ig u mvjrh` Ehbmjnaj. phpsou ngtbiu

rgzdmgb`diu 03 odnjkgthrh iuejdstjċbj

jm Vdkh"

J FjŲdąu bhrgmbg. 84=6" ejmdbg. phph Sdig fdj ig khnj

ojborgtbdid. khmh ijŨ bdig jtvjrgbj uprj prstjk u ordv`g mjo

ig. pjsrgmstvjk rhmdj+thnhsh. dzrhzdj svjiu"""

""" mufjou zhfrdbutjst zh jbg stjtdbg d ldnihmg niumd ojid.

dhoj bdŨth bdsu sordvdnd. pjbgoh m igmdbj zfje tjeh Ũtj su rjmgbd ohj prdphmbd`d jmrgmgbg bh`dig dnd rhsg fdvhiu

jfgngŲgbd zh jmstrgn d pjstgpgbj dstrgfnigbig"

Bdig fdnj bd trubog sukb ig bh ojeh sg u jvji pjrum kdsnd"

D Y F G E H Q H B I G S V J F N G K H

Qgą u mrueji pjnjvdbd 84=6" ejmdbg pjerjk Igvrgih pjprdkdj

ig ‒zhstrhŨuiuąg rhzkgrg d jfndog„. ohoj ig tj Sdih. u pdsku

ojig ig u Qhtdohb prdspgnj sgptgkfrh tg ejmdbg. dzvgstdj

kjbsdbijr Mjvhbd Kjbtdbd. pjtjbid phph Shvng QD. bhvjmgm

bgog igzjvdtg prdkgrg" Dstje tje kgsg`h. hkgrdċod dzhsnhbdou Qhtdohbu. Khirjb ]ginjr. shjpŨtdj ig phpd Sdiu mh jb.

ohj pjenhvhr Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg. bhbjsd Ũtgtu vnhstdtjk

‒kjrhnbjk uengmu& tdkg Ũtj ąutog pjskhtrh ufrzhbu

gsohnh`diu bh`dstdċodl znjmgnh" Srgmsthvbd`d frjibdl mruedl

zgkhnih. pjrgm jsthndl d Qgndog Frdthbdig. Frhzdnh. Wruevhih.

Fgnedig d Sjnisog. dstuphnd su sh dstjk prdkgmfjk. hnd ig d

bidkh. ohj d Khirjbu ]ginjru. rgċgbj shkj tjndoj mh sg dstdbh

pjvjmjk rhzbdl enhsdbh j egbj`dmu bhm Igvrgidkh bg kjŲg

utvrmdtd bh vhnihb bhmb"

W tj vrgkg bh`dstd su. pj svgku sumgm. vgą d tg ohojmjfrj uvdmhnd Ũth phph zhprhvj rhmd. d bdig dk fdnj tgŨoj mh

shkd sgfd prdzbhiu ohoj tj Ũtj jb prgmuzdkh bdohoj bg dmg

bidkh u prdnje" Kdbdsthrstvj spjnibdl pjsnjvh Bgkhċog



== SHSH D BH@DP]D

zvrŨdnj ig hbhndzu fjŲdąbg pjruog gkdtjvhbg mg`gkfrh 84=6"

prjtukhċdnj ig bh prhvd bhċdb" ]j ig. rgċgbj ig. fdj"""

""" igmhb mue b hphm bh svg jbj zh Ũth sg kd zhnhŲgkj"Jb sg jċdtj zhuzgj zh Igvrgig""" d. prhotdċbj. jptuŲuig

bgkhċod bhrjm zh bgprhvmu bhbgtu Igvrgidkh. h shkje sgfg prjdzvjmd u enhsbjejvjrbdoh jbdl igvrgisodl rhtbdl

znjċdbh`h"

Igmhb drsod svgŨtgbdo. kjbsdbijr Liu

J—Anhgrtd. ojid ig u Qhtdohbu rhmdj ohj

mdpnjkhth. bhŨhj sg u vgjkh vgndoji

jphsbjstd"

Wnhsojk shvgzbdċodl sbheh u Vdk ojbhċbj ig jsuigągb d

Ldtngrjv pnhb mh jtkg phpu Sdih" Phvgzbd`d su. kgmutdk.

u Vdku zhtgond sthbig ojig tgŨoj mh fd sg kjenj prdpdshtd

gmbjk bhvjmbj prjbh`dstdċod jrdigbtdshbjk phpd ojeh sh

vdl strhbh zhsdphiu rhzbdk jptuŲfhkh" W erhmu ig. bhdkg.

pjstjihnh bgjfdċbj rhzerhbhth krgŲh ‒sdeurbdl ouąh„ d

mruedl prdfgŲdŨth n`jiu su jskdsndnd uprhvj phph Sdig. bigejvd

hrmdbhnd d svgŨtgbd`d s `dnigk mh pjsnudg ohj utjċdŨth zh

ldnihmg fgeubh`h" Khljk su tj fdnd dthndihbsod Igvrgid. hnd

kgmu dzfgendkh bhŨnj sg d kbjŨtvj rhtbdl zhrjfnigbdoh ojid

u puŨtgbd dz zhtvjrgbdċodl njejrh pjŨtj ig Dthndih ,prgtljmbj.

bhċg. shvgzbd`h bh`dstdċog Bgkhċog$ prgŨnh bh mrueu strhbu

mh fd sg prdoniuċdnh Hkgrdohb`dkh d bidljvdk shvgzbd`dkh u

mrueji pjnjvdbd 84=0" ejmdbg" Yhlvhniuiuąd phpd. sonjbdŨtg u

dk furbdk mhbdkh bhŨnd su d prdphmbd`d dthndihbsoje pjorgth

jtpjrh ojid su fgŲhnd jm bh`dsth" Ohm ig shvgzbdċoh Sgth hrkdih

uŨnh u Vdk. ċgtvrtje iubh 84==" ejmdbg. prvd put pjsng muŲge

vrgkgbh td fgeub`d kjend su snjfjmbj mh dzhmu bh und`g. fgztrhlh mh ąg dl bgoj ufdtd. zhrjfdtd d znjsthvnihtd"

Erhmgvdbg ubuthr shkje Qhtdohbh d dzvhb bigeh u

prgtljmbjk pgrdjmu snuŲdng su zh jfhvnihbig bhiŨdrge spgotrh

phsdnhċodl hotdvbjstd" Sj bhrgmfd phpg Sdih. ojkpngthb

thndihbsod Bhrjmbjjsnjfjmdnhċod jmfjr. ojid ig ruojvjmdj

o`dihkh u ojidkh ig uċgstvjvhnj joj 63"333 phrtdzhbh Ũdrjk

thndig. fdj ig shordvgb u Vdksoji fjejsnjvdid prd @rovd svgtje

jvhbh Nhtgrhbsoje. bh svgeh bgojndoj kgthrh jm sgmdŨth

Egsthpjh" W vhtdohbsodk zmhbidkh ordnj sg =55 Igvrgih. mjo ig

bidl ="60< fdnj rhspjrgmgbj pj uoupbj 877 kuŨodl d Ųgbsodlkhbhstdrh u Vdku d jojndbd" W kdrbjmjp soh vrgkgbh. pjnjvd

u fdnd strjej jmvjigbd igmhb jm mruejeh. thoj mh jphtd`hkh

bdig fdnj mjzvjnigbj mh uejstg kuŨohr`h. bdtd kjbhsdkh mh

prdkg. rg`dkj. bgou Ųgbsou jsjfu. khohr jbh fgŲhnh jm

prjejbdtgnih" Shph Sdig ig. kgmutdk. uodbuj tg zhfrhbg. thoj

mh ċdthvg pjrjmd`g ojig su sg ordng pj jvdk svgtdk kgstdkh

bdsu kjrhng mh sg rhzmvhihiu"

Jsthnd jmfgend Igvrgid fdnd su skgŨtgbd bh igzudtsojk

Ergejrdihbsojk ubdvgrzdtgtu dnd u pjmruksodk prjstjrdihkhSjbtdadohnbje fdfndisoje dbstdtuth" Joj trd ldnihmg bidl

prjordiukċhrgbj ig bgohoj u mvjrh` Ehbmjnaj. phpsou ngtbiu

rgzdmgb`diu 03 odnjkgthrh iuejdstjċbj jm Vdkh" Kbjed mrued

nuohvj su sg prgruŨhvhnd ohoj fd zhvhrhnd prjejbdtgnig" Joj

0"533 Igvrgih rgmjvbj ig bjsdnj ubdajrkg phnhtdbsog ehrmg.

ċdid ig zhmhtho fdj mh Ũtdtd Erhm Qhtdohb" Jsthnd su sg khzhnd

rhzbdk ojzkgtdċodk orgkhkh. prgruŨhvhiuąd sg u ph`digbtg

skgŨtgbg u ojŲbji fjnbd`d prd MgrkhtjnjŨojk dbstdtutu

FgzergŨbje zhċgąh" Qhtdohb ig. ŨthvdŨg. bhruċdj sbdkhbig

adnkh u ojigk su frjibd ‒sthtdstd&. bidl joj 033. zhprhvj +

fgeub`d jm bh`dsth" Bgfrjigbg khbtdig dzmhvhbg su Igvrgidkh

ohoj fd bh und`d kjend mh ..prjmu„ ohj ohtjndċod svgŨtgbd`d"

J—Anhgrtd d bigejvd niumd stvjrdnd su

krgŲu sonjbdŨth. ojrdstgąd u tu svrlu

prdvhtbg ouąg d sthbjvg. khbhstdrg d

sgjsoh ehzmdbstvh"

Sjigmdbd Igvrgid bdsu sthnd bh tjkg. vgą su d zhdsth prgŨnd u

rdkjohtjndċou vgru" Qgądbh bidl tj ig skhtrhnh prdvrgkgbjk

kgrjk. d thovd ‒prgjfrhągbd`d& su sg pj jojbċhbiu Mrueje

svgtsoje rhth zhdsth d vrhąhnd svjiji sthrji vgrd" Hnd mjong

ejm su sg mrŲhnd prdvrgkgbje. ohtjndċoje dmgbtdtgth. fdnd su

zhŨtdągbd spjrhzukjk s bh`dstdkh. pj ojigk sg Ldtngrjv

rgŲdk jfhvgzhj mh bgąg prjejbdtd Igvrgig ojid sg pjorstg"

Srgjfrhągbd`dkh su. thoj. dzmhvhbg nhŲbg orŨtgbd`g.vhtdohbsod phsjŨd d ordvjtvjrgbg dsprhvg" Ldnihmg nhŲbdl

mjoukgbhth dzrhmgbj ig u shkjk Qhtdohbu. jm ċgeh ig joj

<3"333 dsprhvh zhvrŨdnj shkj u ruohkh Igvrgih u Khmhrsoji"

S J K J ā I G Q V G I D K H

Vdzd`d ojig ig pjmrhzukgvhnj pruŲhbig pjkjąd Igvrgidkh d

mruedkh ojid su sg ordnd jm bh`dsth fdnd su. bhrhvbj. bgdzkgrbd.

h ċho bd phph Sdig bdig kjehj mh ihkċd mh ąg d bigejvd

ohrmdbhnd. fdsoupd dnd svgŨtgbd`d dzfgąd strgnihbig uojndoj phmbu

Ũhoh bh`dstdkh" Igmhb svgŨtgbdo. Drh`. kjbsdb ijr Liu J —Anhgrtd. ojid ig

rhmdj ohj mdpnjkhth u Qhtdohbu. bhŨhj sg u bhrjċdtj vgndoji

jphsbjstd" Srg bgej Ũtj ig 84=0" pjċgj mh sg fhvd sphshvhbigk



SHSH D BH@DP]D 6=7

htbdl fgeubh`h u Vdku. bh`dstdkh ig vgą fdj pjzbht ohj

vgŨtgbj nd`g ojig pjsgąuig zhtvjrgbdog pj dthndihbsodk

htbdk zhrjfnigbdċodk njejrdkh. thoj mh ig J%Anhgrtdih. svg

svgku. nhoj fdnj prgpjzbhtd" Sj njejrdkh ig. dbhċg. jvhi

h` trhehj zh niumdkh ojid su prjenhŨgbd zh bgsthng u fjrfd.

hoj ig ijŨ pjstjihnh kjeuąbjst mh su prgŲdvgnd" Ohmh fd.

mbjsbj hoj fd bgojeh zhdsth prjbhŨhj Ųdvje. J—Anhgrtd fd j

jkg dzvgstdj bigejvg bhifndŲg prgoj Vhmdj Qhtdohbh" Hnd svg

tj ijŨ fdnj shsvdk fgzhzngbj. ċho d u jċdkh bh`dsth ojid su

oupdrhnd Dthndiu pjsng prgmhig dthndihbsog vjisog 84=0"

H] BD Y H V J F N I G B D @ D B H P N J F J M D

sgptgkfru 84=0. ohmh ig Dthndih. pjsng ohpdtunh`dig. prgŨnh

h strhbu shvgzbdoh. bdig vdsg fdnj rhznjeh mh Dthndihbd mrŲg

hvgzbdċog vjibdog u njejrdkh" Ohpdig Djejrh su jtvjrgbg.

rhŲhrd su sg rhzfgŲhnd. h zhtvjrgbd`d su kjend mh orgbu oum

k vjnih" Kbjed su uphktdnd pjsgtg svgŨtgbdoh J—Anhgrtdih d.

projs svdk jphsbjstdkh ojig ig sjfjk bjsdnj putjvhbig

rgoj tgrdtjrdig pjm bh`dstdċojk uprhvjk. zhputdnd su sg

rgkh Vdku. mh sg jfrhtg Drù zh pjkją" Bdig kbjej

rgkgbh prjŨnj h J—Anhgrtd ig kjrhj bgohoj mh zfrdbg joj333 Igvrgih d mjbgmhvbdl rhtbdl zhrjfnigbdoh" SjŨtj bdig svg

jehj mh pjstdebg shk. uzgj ig ijŨ bgog svgŨtgbdog. mvjidù

egbhth ‒Pnjfjmbg Arhbùsog&. bgojnd`dbu ojkubdsth d

Ergejrd Sgo ,u srgmdbd$ enukdj ig kjbsdbijrh Liuh J—Anhgrt d ih u ]Q

a d nku @rvgbj d rbj ,]lg P`hrngt hbm tlg Fnhò. 84<0$. pjsvgągbjk

pjmvdz dkh d rsoje svgŨtgbdoh u Vdku zh vrgkg Mrueje svgtsoje rhth"

igmbje puojvbdoh frdthbsog hrkd ig pj dkgbu Phkiugn Mgrd"

J —Anhgrtd d bigejvd niumd jprgkdnd su kbjŨtvj sonjbdŨth.

Ũtj u prdvhtbdk ouąhkh d sthbjvdkh. Ũtj pj khbhstdrdkh

d sgjsodk ehzmdbstvdkh" Igmbj jm bidl bhnhzdnj sg u

bgpjsrgmbjk susgmstvu sgmdŨth PP+h" Drh` ig thojmg ordj

Igvrgig u mvjrù Ehbmjnaj d u Bgkhċoji Ũojnd. ojiu ig

svjigvrgkgbj d shk pjlhmhj" Wfrzj su. thoj. Liuh J—Anhgrtdhprjzvhnd ‒vhtdohbsod fgmrdbh`& pj dzkdŨnigbjk iubhou

@rvgbjk fgmrdbù. sgr Sgrsdiu Fngiobdiu. ojid ig sphshvhj

hrdstjorhtg. hnd bg shkj bidl. jm ednijtdbg u vrgkg Arhbùsog

rgvjnu`dig 85<4"

M D S N J K H ] P O D D K W B D ] G ]

Mjong ejm sg J —Anhgrtd orgthj ubuthr vhtdohbsodl erhbd h. dzh

Ũdrjog fgng ndbdig oj ih ig rhzmvhihnh phpsou gbonhvu jm jsthtoh

Vdkh. jm lhp Ũgbih eh ig ċuvhj mdpnjkhtsod dkubdtgt" Fdnj ig.

kgmutdk. sdtuh`dih ohmh ig k jrhj mh jmg mj erhmh + rg`dkj.ohm fd kjrhj mh jrehbdzuig krgŲu. prgvgzg fgeub`g s kgsth

bh kgstj. dnd sg ndċbj uvgrd u fgzfgmbjsbd pjtgb`dihn bgodl

bjvdl kjeuądl utjċdŨth" Pvg vrgkg gsgsjv`d su fumbj kjtrdnd



6=1 SHSH D BH@DP]D

bgulvhtnidvje Fgmrdb`h. d bdig kbjej prjŨnj h jbd su utvrmdnd

prvj tj mh ig rgċ j svgŨtgbdou d. mruej. mh ig bgohmh thi ċjvgo

bhvrhąhj u bidljvg zhtvjrg" Phmh su zbhnd mh dkhiu pjsnh s

kjbsdbijrjk Liujk J—Anhgrtdigk"

Fumuąd mh ku ig fgzfgmbjst fdnh zhihkċgbh svg mjo bg

bhpuŨth tgrdtjrdiu Qhtdohbh. J—Anhgrtd fd sg thoj vrzkhj pj

rgku Fhzdndog sv" Sgtrh ċgohiuąd mh ku prdmu Igvrgid. rhtbd

hrjfnigbd`d d jsthnd fgeub`d" Bgkhċod vjibd`d ojid su sthihnd

bh mrueji strhbd treh ngpj su kjend mh eh vdmg. hnd su. Ũtj ig

Ohpngr ig sojvhj pnhb mh pjŨhnig

mvjidù Egsthpjvdl fhtdbhŨh u Qhtdohb

sh zhmhtojk mh ulvhtg J—Anhgrtdih. dzvuou eh dzvhb phpsoje erhmh d ufdiu

bh ndgu kgsth"

pjsgfbj vhŲbj. dstj thoj mjfrj. ph d fjnig. kjend mh eh vdmg d

jbd ojidkh ig fdnh pjtrgfbh bigejvh pjkją" Ohm fd sg pjihvdnd.

J—Anhgrtd fd dl prgvjmdj prgoj treh. dzvhb vdmjorueh bh`dsth.

ph orjz erjfnig d thoj mj Bgkhċog Ũojng"

Igmbg vgċgrd. J —Anhgrtdiu ig prdŨhj igmhb Igvrgidb d mhjku nhbh` jm mstje znhth" Jb d bigejvh Ųgbh. rgohj ig

gvrgidb. trgfh svhoje ċhsh mh fumu ulhpŨgbd d jmvgmgbd

u ojb`gbtrh`djbd njejr. hnd jb Ųgnd fhrgk bidljvje

sgmkjejmdŨbige sdbh mh sphsg jm skrtd u ehsbji ojkjrd"

Ynhtbd nhbh` ig. thoj ig rgċgbj svgŨtgbdou. trgfhnj mh pjmkdrd

rjŨojvg mgċhojvje uzehihbih" J—Anhgrtd ig uzgj nhbh`. bhŨhj

mgċhoh d shċuvhj eh jm jphsbjstd" Pgk tjeh. mgċhojvdk

rjmdtgnidkh bhfhvdj ig nhŲbg mjoukgbtg. d jbd su kjend kdrbj

mh jsthbu u Vdku" Sj jojbċhbiu Mrueje svgtsoje rhth.

J—Anhgrtd ig vrhtdj sdbh khi`d d jù + h uz sdbh d jbhi muehċodznhtbd nhbh`"

S N H B Y H L Q H ] H B I G J ] N H G V ] D I H

Bh`dstd su. rhzuknidvj. shkj ċgohnd trgbutho ohm ąg J—Anhgrtd

bgjprgzbj dsojrhċdtd dzvhb kgmh Qhtdohbh. ph mh eh ulhpsg

nd ufdiu" Bdsu. kgmutdk. dkhnd u vdmu kjb sdbijrjvj ukgąg

prgruŨhvhbih. h jb sg prgruŨhvhj ohm ejm fd dz Qhtdohbh

znhzdj u Vdk" Igmbjeh mhbh jfuohj fd sg ohj ċdsthċ und`h.

utrhmhb fd sg khsodrhj u ohshpdbh. h bhrgmbje mhbh u

jfdċbje rhzbjshċh rjfg" Pvg tj dznumdvhnj ig puojvbdoh

Lgrfgrth Ohpngrh. Ũgah Egsthpjh u Vdku. jphsbje ċjvgoh ojid

g svjidk vjibd`dkh mhj jmrgŨgbg ruog. ph ċho d bhrgmdvhj mh

kuċg d ufdihiu prdphmbdog jtpjrh" Ohpngr ig d shk prdkgtdj mh

ig J —Anhgrtd rgtoh ptd`h ojiu ig tgŨoj ulvhtdtd. ph ig zhtj svjidk

niumdkh bhnjŲdj mh eh mrŲg pjm bgprgsthbjk prdskjtrjk"

H J—Anhgrtd ig fdj ċjvgo ojid ig nhoj zhphmhj zh joj9

vdsjo. sonhmbj erhmgb. Ũdrjodl rhkgbh? thi drsod kjbsdbijr

svjigvrgkgbj ig fdj uspgŨhb fjosgr hkhtgr. d tj sg bh bigku

shsvdk mjfrj vdmgnj" Igmbjk sg. thoj. Ohpngru uċdbdnj mh

ig ojbhċbj mjlhohj J—Anhgrtdiu ohm ig bhngtgj bh bigeh s

erupjk egsthpjvh`h ojid su sg. bg `hsgm ċhsh. mhnd u pjtgru

zh Dr`gk" Dspjsthvdnj sg. kgmutdk. mh ig J —Anhgrtd ldtrjbje.

thoj mh bdsu stdend mh eh ulvhtg prg bgej Ũtj ig zhkhohj

zh ohpdiu Phbth Khrdig Khmjrg. ojih ig fdnh u vnhsbdŨtvu

Vdkjohtjndòg `rovg. Ũtj ąg rgąd mh vjisoh tu bdig dkhnh

prdstuph" Mruejk igmbjk zejmjk. J—Anhgrtd ig fjrhvdj u

mvjrù ojid ig mrŲhj prdb` Adndpj Mjrdih Shkadnd. ojid ig. dbhċg.

adbhbsdrhj Drċgvg sphsdnhċog pjmulvhtg. ohmh sg. dzbgbhmh. tjzmhbig bhŨnj pjm jpshmjk PP igmdbd`h" J—Anhgrtd ig strċhj u

pjmruk. emg su uprhvj u tjk trgbutou dz ohkdjbh dstjvhrhnd

uehni. mh sbhfmgiu prdb`h zh zdku"

F G O P ] Q J D Y ] V H S H

Gsgsjv`dkh ig khnj bgmjsth ihnj mh eh sg mjċgphiu. d J—Anhgrtd

ig kjrhj mh rgheuig bhifrŲg Ũtj ig kjehj" PvgŨtgbu ohpu

d jmgŲmu bheurhj ig u mŲho zh uehni. pjsuj sg uenigbjk

prhŨdbjk jm enhvg mj pgtg thoj mh eh bd rjmgbh khioh bg fd

prgpjzbhnh. ph prgfh`dj mŲho prgoj rhkgbh d dspgj sg bhpjnigorjz jtvjrgb trhp. emg su mj thmh ufh`dvhnd uehni" Gsgsjv`d

ojid su sthihnd tu. rhzvrsthbd u mvg ojnjbg. shkj su uzkhond.

bg Ųgngąd mh uprnihiu ubdajrkg hoj sg thi vdsjod. jehrhvnigbd

ċjvgo snuċhibj u prjnhzu jthrg j bidl. h jb ig shkj dŨhj

svjidk putgk. bglhibj. prhvj oh ohkdjbu ojidk ig uehni

mjprgk nigb. p hrodrhbjk ojm ohpdig mvjr`h" SjŨtj sg jmvgzhj

mj jfndŲbig `rovg. J—Anhgrtd sg ukdj. prgsvuohj d sthvdj ohpu

bh enhvu. ph sg vrhtdj u Qhtdohb" BgŨtj ohsbdig tgngajbjk sg

ihvdj prdbù. mstj mh sg uvgrd mh su jb d bigejvh pjrjmd`h

mjfrj" Pvg ig fdnj u bhifjnigk rgmu. h puojvbdo Ohpngr ig +dzvgstdj ig prdb` kjbsdbijrh + odptgj jm fgsh"

Jċhihb vgą. Ohpngr ig sojvhj pnhb9 pjsnhj ig mvjidù

fhtdbhŨh dz rgmjvh Egsthpjh sh spg`dihnbdk zhmhtojk mh

ulvhtg J—Anhgrtdih d jmvuou eh dzvhb erhbd`h Qhtdohbh. ph

mh eh thkj. bh ndgu kgsth. ufdiu" Pvh srgąh tg su J—Anhgrtjvd

pjkhehm bh vrgkg jtordnd pnhb" Ďgtvjrd`h prdphmbdoh

vhtdohbsog Pvhi`hrsog ehrmg prgsrgnh su bgsumgbg ufd`g d

dsprgfdihnh dl" Ohpngru bdohmh bdig pjŨnj zh ruojk mh ulvhtd

J—Anhgrtdih. ojid ig prgŲdvgj Mrued svgtsod rht" SrgŲdvgj eh ig.

dstdbh. d Ohpngr. hnd u zhtvjru u Ehgtd. bh mruku Ũtj vjmd jm

Vdkh mj Bhpunih. d tj ohj rhtbd znjmbh` jsumgb bh mjŲdvjtbu

rjfdiu" Igmbjk kgsgċbj. dz ejmdbg u ejmdbu. Ohpngr ig

prdkhj dstje pjsgtdj`h + kjb sdbijrh Liuh J—Anhgrtdih"



SHSH D BH@DP]D 6=5

N i u t d p r j t d v b d o

Liuh J—Anhgr t d ih .

Lgrfgr t Ohp ng r .

ċ g n b d o b g k h ċ o g

t h i b g p j n d ` d ig u

Vdku. mjnhz d bh

suĘgb ig 84=< "

ejm dbg " Jsumgb ig

bh mjŲ dvj tbu rjf d iu .

h n d i g ukhohj d z

zh tvjrh 8455"



SHSH D BH@DP]D

+"""9



SHSH D BH@DP]D 6=4

Bhpjsngtou ig J —Anhgrtd. ejmdbg 84 74. orstdj Ohpngrh u

Vdkjohtjndċoji `rovd" Ohpngrh ig 8455" ejmdbg + fjnjvhj ig

thmh jm rhoh d dkhj svgeh =< odnjerhkh + u vgndoji tjrfd dz

Ehgtg u Bgkhċou prjordiukċhrdnh suprueh Hbgndzg" Wkrj ig

bhrgmbg ejmdbg"

Sj zhvrŨgtou rhth. 84=7. kjbsdbijr J—Anhgrtd prdkdj ig

frjibh prdzbhbih zh svjiu sphsdnhċou mgnhtbjst. pjrgm jsthnje

d hkgrdċod Jrmgb snjfjmg sh srgfrbjk phnkjk. mjo eh ig

n`rhni MŲjrmŲ Q D prjdzvgj u zhpjvgmbdoh Frdthbsoje `hrstvh

,@FG$" D mrŲhvh Dzrhgn jmhnh ig J—Anhgrtdiu prdzbhbig ohj

igmb jk jm ‒prhvgmbdoh kgmu bhrjmdkh&? jvj zvhbig mhvhbj

MrŲhvh Dzrhgn jmhnh ig J—Anhgrtdiu

prdzbhbig ohj igmbjk jm ‒prhvgmbdoh

kgmu bhrjmdkh&" ]j zvhbig mhvhbj ig bgigvrgidkh ojid su pjkhehnd Igvrgidkh

zh vrgk g Mrueje svgtsoje rhth"

ig bgigvrgidk h ojid su pjk hehnd Igvrgidkh zh vrgkg Mrueje

svgtsoje rhth" SjŨtj ig prgtrpgj iho kjŲmhbd umhr. J—Anhgrtd

sg 8413" pjvuohj u mjk svjig sgstrg u jorueu Ogrd. u Drsoji.

emg ig d ukrj trd ejmdbg ohsbdig"

D ohrmdbhnd su u Dthndid shkjprgejrbj rhmdnd bh sphshvhbiuŲdvjth" Ohrmdbhn Sigtrj Fjgtj dz Mgbjvg sphshj ig. prdkgrh

rhmd. bhikhbig jshk stjtdbh dzfgend`h" Fdsoup Muzgpd Bdojndbd

dz Hsdzdih pubg mvg ejmdbg ordj ig joj trdsth Igvrgih" Mvjid`h

pjtjbidl phph. bhsngmbdoh Sdih \DD. thojmg su prguzgnd bh

sgfg rdzdo d pjkjend Igvrgidkh. hnd d jsthndkh mh sg dzfhvg dz

bh`dstdċodl ohbmŲd" Igmhb jm tdl `rovgbdl vgndojmjstjibdoh fdj

ig ohrmdbhn Hbmgnj Vjbohnd . pjtjbid phph Ijvhb \\DDD . h mrued

ohrmdbhn Mjvhbd Kjbtdbd ,ohsbdig phph Shvng QD$" Jfjid`d su

pjbumgbg bherhmg zh tj Ũtj su sphshvhnd Igvrgig. hnd su d igmhb

d mrued bherhmu jmfdnd" Kjbtdbd ig dznjŲdj d rhznjeg zh thovujmnuou

Wċdbdj shk shkj jbj stj kd ig fdnh muŲbjst" Pgk tjeh. pjstuphj shk dsoniuċdvj pj bhrgĘgbidkh Pvgtjeh j`h ,Sdih \DD$" Yh tj bdoj bg zhsnuŲuig jrmgb"

Mrued igmhb vgndojmjstjibdo Vdkjohtjndċog `rovg. ohrmdbhn

Sigtrj Shnh`dbd. prdkdj ig 84<7" prdzbhbig mrŲhvg Dzrhgn ohj

‒prhvgmbdo kgmu bhrjmdkh&. d tj zh mjprdbjs u pjkjąd

Igm db d `g k u n t d bh` djbh nbg s hvgzb d ċog Sg tg hrk d i g u nhzg u V dk . ohj

js njfjm dj` d . ċg t v r tje i ubh 84==" ejm dbg "



73 SHSH D BH@DP]D

sphshvhbiu Igvrgih u rhtjk rhstrzhbji Gvrjpd" Yh vrgkg

vgċhbjstd u Ih m QhŨgku. igrushndksn>jk kgkjrdihnbjk

gbtru pjsvgągbjk Ųrtvhkh ljnjohusth. jb ig. kgmutdk.

orgbuj phŲbiu bh tj mh ‒zhsnueg u pjtpubjstd prdphmhiu

iu \DD. ojid bhk ig bhnjŲdj mh `dbdkj svg Ũtj kjŲgkj

hoj fdskj Igvrgig dzfhvdnd prjejbh&" Srj`gbiuig sg mh ig joj13"33 3 Igvrgih sphsgbj zhlvhniuiuąd rhzbdk dbd`dihtdvhkh dzh

jidl ig sthihj phph Sdig \DD"

Oniuċbh Sdigvh unjeh u tji mhngojsgŲbji kdsdid sphshvhbih

rthvh bh`dzkh bhenhŨhvhbh ig u vdsg bhvrhth. ohm ejm fd

vjk pjbtdau prdzbhbig jmhvhng vjmg igvrgisoje bhrjmh. hnd

prgmsgmbd`d d prgkdigrd mrŲhvh. pjtjbid pjbtdad d fgzfrjibg

ċbjstd ojig su. prgvhsljmbj. Ųgngng mh dsohŲu zhlvhnbjst.

d dstj thoj d u obidehkh d bjvdbsodk ċnhb`dkh pjsvgągbdk

vji tgkd" Phzbhbig mh ig phph sphshj ldnihmg Igvrgih d jsthndl

zfgend`h bhvgnj ig Hnfgrth HibŨthibh. svgtsod prdzbhtje

igvrgisoje bhuċbdoh. dbhċg hebjstdoh. mh prjkgbd kdŨnigbig

j Vdkjohtjndċoji `rovd d phpstvu" W bgohmh rhvbjmuŨbjk

HibŨthibu prjfumdng su sg bhigmbjk ‒sdnbh bhonjbjst d

mdvnigbig. igr shkj ig @rovh dkhnh lrhfrjstd d dstrhibjstd mh

sg zhnjŲd zh dstdbu ojiu bhnhŲg rhzuk d snjfjmu ojiu zhltgvh

kjrhn&" Sj kbjedkh bhivgąd ojkpndkgbt. kgmutdk. Sdig \DDprdkdj ig jm Dzrhgnh Yjndih. enhvbje rhfdbh rdksoje. ojid ig fdj

tjndoj dkprgsdjbdrhb phpdbdk shjsgąhbigk d lrhfrjŨąu mh ig

84=7" prdkdj ohtjndċou vgru"

Srj`gbiuig sg mh ig joj <13"333

Igvrgih sphsgbj zhlvhniuiuąd rhzbdk

dbd`dihtdvhkh dzh ojidl ig sthihj phph

Sdig \DD"

N I H E H P G ] G ţ O J P S D V H

H jpgt. uprojs svdk mjohzdkh. ph d sojrhŨbidk pjouŨhidkh

mh sg phph Sdig ohbjbdzuig. spdsho jptuŲfd ojidkh sg tgrgtd

jvhi pjbtda d mhnig sg prjŨdruig. ph thoj kbjed d mhbhs

mjvjmg u pdthbig bigejvu skgnjst. kjrhnbu pjstjihbjst d

shjsgąhibjst" Dbtgrbgt prjstj vrvd jm thovdl jptuŲfd. h kbjeg

kgmu bidkh srjċgbg su igzdojk krŲbig" Igmhb ordtdċhr

ig. thoj. ..bgmgnh„ jvje phpg jovhndadojvhj ohj u tji kgrd

zhstrhŨuiuąh mh ig. pj bigku. d Sdig \DD kjrhj mh sg bhmg

bh jptuŲgbdċoji onupd u Bdrbfgreu 84=7*=1. rhkg uz rhkg

s mvhmgsgt d igmbdk rhtbdk znjċdb`gk dz rgmjvh bh`dsth"

Mrued ig pho dzbgj uvgrgbig mh ig zh pjerjk Ũgst kdndjbh

Igvrgih . ċgtdr d kdndjbh @dehbh. trd kdndjbh ohtjndoh d bgfrjigbg

mrueg Ųrtvg ojig ig jmbgj Mrued svgtsod rht phph Sdig \DD

jmejvjrhb dstj ojndoj d Hm jna Ldtngr d mrued bh`dstd" Ejmdbg

633<. thċbj pjnh vgoh pjsng phpdbg skrtd. u igmbji bjvji

obidzd pjsvgągbji bigejvdk pjstup`dkh zh vrgkg Mrueje

svgtsoje rhth. Ldtngrjv njvhċod phs. j pjbtdau sg ejvjrd ohj j

ċjvgou ‒prgsnhfjk& mh sg usprjtdvd Adrgru d sprgċd ‒prjphst

Igvrgih&" Niheu. ojih sg d mhb+mhbhs fh`h. bdig nhoj sprhtd sh

dkgbh Sdih \DD"

Dzrhgn Yjn d . enhvbd rhfdb Vdkh , ngvj$. Ũhn ig pjsgfbu pjruou

Igvrg i dkh `g nje sv gth u rhm d isojk prgbjsu dz r dksog

Qgn dog s dbhejeg 08" iu nh 84=="



SHSH D BH@DP]D 678

pjojigb d phph S d ig \D D ngŲ d u mvjr`u Ehbmjn aj 4 " jo tjfrh 847<" ejm dbg" Phlrhb igb ig u Qht dohbso dk pgą dbhkh. dspjm Fhz d n dog svgtje Sgt rh .

kgmu erjfjv dkh jsth n dl phph"



Jm ċdthvg pngihmg phph ojig su bidljvd suphkd`d u fjrfd zh Pvgtu stjnd u

trjvhnd. svrehvhnd dnd shohtdnd u rhbjk srgmbigk vgou. ph mj spjkg bgutrhnbjstd

phpg Sdih \DD u vrgkg Mrueje svgtsoje rhth + obideh Krhċbh dstjrdih phph

rhzjtordvh prgerŨt sohbmhnh d thibd pjbtdah" Sjrgm jsthnje. jvh obideh jtordvhsngmgąg9

mračna istorija papa by brenda ralf luis

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