Unit: Biology Name:________________________ Lesson 3.2: Female Reproductive System Date: _________________________

Female Reproductive System

Size of the Egg vs Size of Sperm

1. Under the microscope, the maturing egg cell is a ______________.

2. An egg is the size of ___________ microns, or _________________ of a millimeter. That is equivalent to the diameter of a single strand of _____________.

3. Sperm cells, the other half of the reproductive equation, are much, much _____________. In fact, sperm cells are the smallest cells in the human body.

Female Sexual Characteristics

4. Female puberty usually begins around the age of _____________ (so on average about a 1 – 2 before males begin puberty).

5. During _______________ a female will undergo primary and secondary sexual characteristic changes.

6. Primary sexual characteristics are the female ________________ organs.

7. Secondary sexual characteristics include:

8. Unlike a male – who does not start to produce his sperm until puberty – females have all their __________________ at birth.

9. A female can be born with approximately _________________ eggs, but will have only about _________________ by puberty.

10.Once sexual maturity is reached during puberty a single egg matures and will be released each _________________.

Unit: Biology Name:________________________ Lesson 3.2: Female Reproductive System Date: _________________________

Female Primary Sexual Characteristics

Identify parts of the male primary sexual characteristics.

11. Vagina -

Cervix -

Uterus -

Endometrium -

Fallopian Tube -

Ovary/Ovaries –

Unit: Biology Name:________________________ Lesson 3.2: Female Reproductive System Date: _________________________

Egg Production in the Ovary

12. The primary female reproductive organ is the _______________, this is where the egg cells ______________ and are ____________ from.

13. Females have _________ ovaries located in the lower portion of the abdominal cavity one on either side of their sex organ.

14. Inside the ovaries are _________________, each follicle contains a single immature egg. The follicles contain cells that _______________ and _______________ the developing egg.

15. Females are able to produce their own hormones – _________________________________________________ – in the ovaries.

16. Identify parts of the egg production

Menstrual Cycle

17. A women goes through a menstrual cycle, each cycle is typically __________ days. 18. When a female reaches the age of 40 she goes through ______________________

and this is when she tends to stop producing mature eggs.

Unit: Biology Name:________________________ Lesson 3.2: Female Reproductive System Date: _________________________

There are four phases during a menstruation cycle:

Phase Description of Events Hormones Produced Days (Approx)

Flow Phase Endometrium sheds from the female uterus

None 1-5 days

Follicular Phase Follicles in ovaries are being developed and the egg is

getting ready to be released

Estrogen is produced 6 – 13 days

Ovulation Egg is released from the ovary None 14

Luteal Phase Corpus Luteum forms inside the ovary (it is the remains of the pocket that held the egg

and the follicle)

Estrogen and Progesterone are produced by the corpus luteum

15 - 28

Path of the Egg

19.After an egg is developed and mature it is released from the ovary into the

____________________________ – usually one egg from one ovary and the next

cycle it will release an egg from the other ovary.

20.The fallopian tube allows the egg to get from the ovaries to the _________________.

21.The endometrium, the lining of the uterus, is filled with rich nutrients, blood vessels

and mucus that provides __________________________________ for a fertilized egg

- the _________________.

22. What happens if the egg is not fertilized?

Unit: Biology Name:________________________ Lesson 3.2: Female Reproductive System Date: _________________________

Pregnancy

23. Within how many hours does an egg need to be fertilized before it degenerates?

24. When the sperm and the egg fuse together what do they produce? How many pairs

of chromosomes does this offspring have?

25. After fertilization, the mass of cells created in the zygote become an

______________.

26. The Embryo reaches the uterus where it will implant into the

_____________________.

27. During pregnancy the menstrual cycle ________________ completely while the

mother-to-be awaits for the birth of her baby.

28. Upon the birth of an offspring, females produce a hormone called _______________.

It causes ___________ to be produced to feed the baby.