Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

A common tool found in A common tool found in most Rwanda households, most Rwanda households, the machete, was used to the machete, was used to

hack hundreds of thousands hack hundreds of thousands of innocent civilians to of innocent civilians to

death during the genocidedeath during the genocide

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Mr. Weiss

Major Major GenocideGenocides of the s of the

2020thth Century Century

– The – The Century Century

of of GenocideGenocide

Convention on thePrevention and Punishmentof the Crime of Genocide

Adopted by Resolution 260 (III) A of the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1948.

Article 1The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.

Article 2In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

(a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

Mr. Weiss

GenocideGenocide

There are four kinds of people in every genocide:

1. Perpetrators:Perpetrators: people committing genocide

2. Victims:Victims: the people who the perpetrators are committing acts of genocide on

3. Bystanders:Bystanders: the people who stand by and just watch the genocide.

4. Upstanders:Upstanders: the people who stand up to the perpetrators and try to stop the genocide. (One of the key questions is how do we turn bystanders into upstanders.)

Dr. Roger Smith

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan GenocideWitness to Genocide – Drawings From The Children of

Rwanda

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Genocide in Rwanda - 1994 - 800,000 Deaths

Beginning on April 6, 1994, and for the next hundred days, up to 800,000 Tutsis and Hutus who were sympathetic to the Tutsis were killed by Hutu militia using clubs and machetes, with as many as 10,000 killed each day.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan

Genocide

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan

Genocide

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Facsimile from Maj. Gen. Romeo Dallaire, Force Commander, United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, to Maj. Gen. Maurice Baril, United Nations

Department of Peacekeeping Operations, “Request for Protection for Informant”, January 11, 1994.

http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/rw011194.pdf

http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/rw042994.pdf

US Department of State, cable number 113672, to US Embassy Bujumbura and US Embassy Dar es Salaam, “DAS Bushnell Tells Col. Bagosora to Stop

the Killings”, April 29, 1994.  Limited Official Use.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

1/11/94To: United To: United NationsNations

From: Dallaire/KigaliFrom: Dallaire/Kigali

FaxFax

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

6. Principal aim of Interhamwe in the past was to 6. Principal aim of Interhamwe in the past was to protect Kigali from RPF. Since UNAMIR mandate protect Kigali from RPF. Since UNAMIR mandate he has been ordered to register all Tutsi in he has been ordered to register all Tutsi in Kigali. He suspects it is for their extermination. Kigali. He suspects it is for their extermination. Example he gave was that in 20 minutes his Example he gave was that in 20 minutes his personnel could kill up to 1000 Tutsis.personnel could kill up to 1000 Tutsis.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

8. 8. Informant is prepared to provide location of major Informant is prepared to provide location of major weapons cache with at least 135 weapons. weapons cache with at least 135 weapons. He already He already has distributed 110 weapons including 35 with has distributed 110 weapons including 35 with ammunition and can give us details of their location. ammunition and can give us details of their location. Type of weapons are G3 and AK47 provided by RGF. He Type of weapons are G3 and AK47 provided by RGF. He was ready to go to the arms cache tonight-if we gave was ready to go to the arms cache tonight-if we gave him the following guarantee. He requests that he and him the following guarantee. He requests that he and his family (his wife and four children) be placed under his family (his wife and four children) be placed under ourour protection. protection.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

9. It is our intention to take action within the next 36 hours 9. It is our intention to take action within the next 36 hours with a possible H HR of Wednesday at dawn (local). with a possible H HR of Wednesday at dawn (local). Informant states that hostilities may commence again if Informant states that hostilities may commence again if political deadlock ends. Violence could take place day of the political deadlock ends. Violence could take place day of the ceremonies or the day after. Therefore Wednesday will give ceremonies or the day after. Therefore Wednesday will give greatest chance of success and also be most timely to greatest chance of success and also be most timely to provide significant input to on-going political negotiations.provide significant input to on-going political negotiations.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

FAX – United FAX – United States State States State Department (Ms. Department (Ms. Prudence Prudence Bushnell) to Bushnell) to various various Embassies.Embassies.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/warning/

The Warning That Was IgnoredThe Warning That Was Ignored

General Romeo DallaireGeneral Romeo Dallaire

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4487263

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

aMr. Paul Mr. Paul Kagame Kagame

He was the head of the Rwandan Patriotric

Front (RPF) who

became the Upstanders and today is

the President of

Rwanda.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Rwanda genocide trial finishes after 5 yearsRwanda genocide trial finishes after 5 yearsXan RiceXan Rice in Arusha - guardian.co.uk, Friday 1 June 2007 19.17  in Arusha - guardian.co.uk, Friday 1 June 2007 19.17 BSTBST The five-year trial of Théoneste The five-year trial of Théoneste

Bagosora, the alleged Bagosora, the alleged mastermind of the Rwandan mastermind of the Rwandan genocide, ended today with the genocide, ended today with the 65-year-old former colonel 65-year-old former colonel insisting he was "a victim of insisting he was "a victim of ignominious propaganda". ignominious propaganda". Dressed in a pink dress shirt and Dressed in a pink dress shirt and pink tie - the same colour worn pink tie - the same colour worn by convicted "genocidaires" in by convicted "genocidaires" in Rwandan prisons - and speaking Rwandan prisons - and speaking without emotion, Mr Bagosora without emotion, Mr Bagosora denied responsibility for any denied responsibility for any killings and urged the judge to killings and urged the judge to "rehabilitate" him into society."rehabilitate" him into society.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan GenocideRwanda's Bagosora sentenced to life for Rwanda's Bagosora sentenced to life for genocidegenocideBy Frank Nyakairu - KIGALI | Thu Dec 18, 2008 5:29pm ESTBy Frank Nyakairu - KIGALI | Thu Dec 18, 2008 5:29pm EST

(Reuters) - A U.N. court sentenced a former (Reuters) - A U.N. court sentenced a former army colonel accused of masterminding the army colonel accused of masterminding the slaughter of 800,000 people in Rwanda in slaughter of 800,000 people in Rwanda in 1994 to life in prison on Thursday.1994 to life in prison on Thursday.

The Tanzania-based International Criminal The Tanzania-based International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) had accused Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) had accused Theoneste Bagosora, 67, of being in charge Theoneste Bagosora, 67, of being in charge of the troops and Interahamwe Hutu militia of the troops and Interahamwe Hutu militia who butchered 800,000 minority Tutsis and who butchered 800,000 minority Tutsis and moderate Hutus in 100 days.moderate Hutus in 100 days.

"Colonel Bagosora is guilty of genocide and "Colonel Bagosora is guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity and war crimes," crimes against humanity and war crimes," the court said.the court said.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

400 sentenced to death in Rwanda genocide 400 sentenced to death in Rwanda genocide trialstrialsJuly 19, 2000- Web posted at: 9:55 AM EDT (1355 GMT)

KIGALI, Rwanda (Reuters) -- Courts in Rwanda have sentenced KIGALI, Rwanda (Reuters) -- Courts in Rwanda have sentenced around 400 people to death since genocide trials began in the around 400 people to death since genocide trials began in the country four years ago, human rights sources said Wednesdaycountry four years ago, human rights sources said Wednesday

Six others were sentenced to life in prison and four people were Six others were sentenced to life in prison and four people were sentenced to 12-year jail terms, the sources said.sentenced to 12-year jail terms, the sources said.

The Kigali-based rights group LIPRODHOR said around 3,000 The Kigali-based rights group LIPRODHOR said around 3,000 suspects have been tried since genocide trials began in late 1996.suspects have been tried since genocide trials began in late 1996.

It said 400 people have been sentenced to death while 500 others It said 400 people have been sentenced to death while 500 others have been acquitted.have been acquitted.Twenty-two people have been publicly executedTwenty-two people have been publicly executed

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide

Gacaca Genocide Trials Set to Open in RwandaGacaca Genocide Trials Set to Open in Rwanda21 January 200521 January 2005

In Rwanda this week, preparations are under way In Rwanda this week, preparations are under way to begin the first batch of genocide trials under a to begin the first batch of genocide trials under a modified traditional communal court system known modified traditional communal court system known as "Gacaca." The system is proving to be as "Gacaca." The system is proving to be controversial for some.controversial for some.

The word "Gacaca" means "judgment on the grass." The word "Gacaca" means "judgment on the grass." Starting next month, groups consisting of people Starting next month, groups consisting of people who have confessed to being involved in the 1994 who have confessed to being involved in the 1994 genocide, witnesses, judges, and spectators will be genocide, witnesses, judges, and spectators will be sitting on the grass of football fields and other sitting on the grass of football fields and other locations all across the country.locations all across the country.

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan Genocide Gacaca Gacaca TrialsTrials

Mr. Weiss

Rwandan GenocideRwanda: Gacaca - Mission AccomplishedRwanda: Gacaca - Mission AccomplishedBY FRED NDOLI, 13 JUNE 2012BY FRED NDOLI, 13 JUNE 2012

It was not an easy ride, but Gacaca has been a huge success.It was not an easy ride, but Gacaca has been a huge success.This was observed by Domitille Mukantaganzwa, the Executive This was observed by Domitille Mukantaganzwa, the Executive Secretary of the National Jurisdiction for Gacaca Courts, during the Secretary of the National Jurisdiction for Gacaca Courts, during the launch of the Gacaca Week on Monday.launch of the Gacaca Week on Monday.She was addressing a news conference ahead of the official closure She was addressing a news conference ahead of the official closure of the semi-traditional community courts.of the semi-traditional community courts.The courts have been operational for the last 10 years, trying nearly The courts have been operational for the last 10 years, trying nearly two million cases in the process.two million cases in the process.The Gacaca Week will culminate in the closure of Gacaca operations The Gacaca Week will culminate in the closure of Gacaca operations on June 18, when the jurisdiction will also mark its 10th anniversary.on June 18, when the jurisdiction will also mark its 10th anniversary.

Over 1.6 million suspects were convicted, while 270,000 were Over 1.6 million suspects were convicted, while 270,000 were acquitted. Over 75,000 suspects were tried and convicted in acquitted. Over 75,000 suspects were tried and convicted in absentia.absentia.