mr. ermer u.s. history honors miami beach senior high school
TRANSCRIPT
U.S. History: “Discovery” to Independence
Mr. ErmerU.S. History Honors
Miami Beach Senior High School
“Discovery” of America• Portugal reaches Spice Islands by
sailing east, Spain sails west• 1492: Italian Christopher
Columbus convinces Queen Isabella of Spain to fund voyage– Reaches Cuba & Hispañola,
eventually explores all Caribbean islands and Honduras
– Thought he was exploring The Indies
European society is based on hierarchy
(ranks/class) Also based on the nuclear family
Christianity shapes European world view Reformation causes conflict between two Christian
faiths: Catholics vs. Protestants
England and the Netherlands= Protestant Christians
Spain and France= Catholic Christians European powers begin to create colonies in New
World
Discovery & Settlement
1607: John Smith establishes colony of
Jamestown, VA Joint-stock company—Virginia Co. Headright system: all who go to VA get 50 acres of
land If you don’t pay your own way, work as indentured
servant Virginia adopts tobacco as cash crop, grows rich Southern colonies follow Virginian model of cash crops
Africans brought to work as indentured servants, later slaves
Bacon’s Rebellion, taxation without representation
The 1st English Colony
Puritans were persecuted for religions beliefs in
England, come to America, est. Plymouth Colony Second group est. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritans believe new colony to be “shining city on a hill” to spread it’s light to the world
Strong link b/w church and state cause some to split into new colonies: Providence (R.I.), New Hampshire, Connecticut
King Philip’s War fought b/w Native Americans and Puritans, many left dead, Puritans win
Puritan “New England”
Henry Hudson sails up the Hudson River for
the Dutch, est. colony of New Netherland Colony settled by Dutch, French,
Scandinavians, etc. English see New N. as a “wedge” b/w N.E. and
VA, take over colony in bloodless takeover Duke of York takes over, renames New York William Penn est Pennsylvania as Quaker
colony
The Middle Colonies
Northern colonies=pre-industrial, mercantile
Engage in trade, manufacturing, strong gov. Middle colonies=pre-industrial, mercantile
Engage in trade, manufacturing, diverse population
Southern colonies=agrarian, slave economy Cash crops, slaves, aristocratic, wealthy
England growing rich off of colonies, begins to heavily tax the colonies
Business in the Colonies
Britain & British North America The United Kingdom of Great
Britain= England & Scotland (1707) King & Parliament share power, king
guides Parliament, but most power with Prime Minister
Prime Minister William Pitt speaks for middle class: expand trade, empire
British government “controls” colonies, but Americans elect legislatures to run them, avoid British intrusion in their business
Revolution In The Air Britain wants to pay for Seven Years’
War by taxing American colonists 1765: Stamp Act, repealed in 1766,
but damage done 1774: First Continental Congress,
Philly 1775: Fighting begins at Lexington 1776: Second Continental Congress
declares independence, Thomas Jefferson
Continental Army unorganized
War For Independence
Many European powers see helping Americans as way to spite British– France: arms, money, officers for
training; king recognizes the United States (1778)
– Spain & The Netherlands also offer support
1781: General Cornwallis surrenders to General George Washington at Yorktown
1783: Treaty of Paris ends war, establishes an independent American state
On page 9, write and answer questions 1-7.
Chapter 1, Lesson 1: