Global Studies & Geography Regents Review

Global Studies & GeographyRegents ReviewMr. Bell2011Anti-Semitism Hatred towards Jews2

ApartheidSouth African government policy calling for separation of races3

AppeasementPolicy of giving into the demands of an aggressor in order to keep peace4

AztecsNative American Tribe located in Central Mexico, defeated by Hernan Cortes 5

Balance of PowerDistribution of political and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too powerfulGoal of Congress of Vienna following Napoleons Reign 6

BolsheviksMembers of the 1917 Russian Revolutionary group who overthrew the Czar7

Boxer RebellionEvent in early 1900s in which a group known as boxers assaulted foreign communities across china 8

BuddhismReligion founded by Siddhartha Gautama in IndiaMajor Beliefs:Follow the Eight Fold Path to Nirvana ReincarnationTo End suffering you must end your desires Four Noble Truths

9Byzantine EmpireIn 476 AD the Western part of the Roman Empire collapsed, the Eastern part was renamed the Byzantine Empire10

Caste SystemSocial class hierarchy in India11

Chernobyl1986, Nuclear Power plant had a complete melt down in Soviet Union (Ukraine) 12

Civil Disobedience The refusal to obey an unjust law Made famous by Gandhi in South Africa and India

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Code of HammurabiWritten code of laws Laws punished those found guilty harshly an eye for an eye 14

Code of JustinianEmperor Justinian consolidated Roman Law into his own single code of laws for the Byzantine Empire 15

Cold WarContinuing tensions between the USA and USSR following World War II because of political and economic differences 16

Commercial RevolutionChange in business in Europe following the middle ages 17

CommunismPolitical policy that governed the USSR and many other nations during the Cold WarFather: Karl Marx Characteristics: DictatorCensorshipNo religionSecret Police 18

Confucianism Philosophy based on what Confucius saw as the basic order of the universeFilial Piety: respect for your eldersFive RelationshipsHarmony in society 19

Congress of ViennaConference held in 1815 among European diplomats that had the purpose of restoring order and stability to Europe 20

Counter Reformation Catholic churches response to Martin Luthers Protestant ReformationCouncil of TrentStop the sale of indulgences St Ignatius of Loyola 21

CrusadesSeries of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims over the holy land Jerusalem 22

Cuban Missile CrisisIn 1962, US president orders naval blockade of Cuba to prohibit the Soviet Union from shipping nuclear missile to island World was on brink on nuclear war 23

Cuban RevolutionFidel Castro toppled Cuban dictator and set up a communist country supported by USSR24

Cultural RevolutionMaos disastrous attempt to reinvigorate Communism , red guard forced educated people to work on farms, destroyed old culture 25

Deforestation Destruction of forests, especially tropical rain forest 26

Desertification The change from farmable land to deserts

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Developing NationsNation with limited resources that faces obstacles in achieving modern industrial economies , referred to sometimes as third world nations

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Divine RightRight to rule given by god 29

Encomienda SystemSystem established by Spanish in America allowing colonists to demand labor or tribute from native Americans.

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EnlightenmentPeriod in 1700s when people began to reject traditional ideas 31

European UnionExpansion of the European Community in the 1980s and 1990s. European Community- group of nations established in 1957 to expand trade in Europe 32FeudalismSystem of government in which local lords controlled their own lands but owe military service to the king 33

Final SolutionHitlers plan to exterminate all Jews who existed in Europe 34

French RevolutionRevolution of poor peasants against the King of France BecauseM- Monarchy weakE- Enlightenment ideasA- American Revolution T- Taxes and third estate 35Genocide Attempt to destroy an entire ethnic or religious group 36

GlasnostPeriod of openness between Soviet Union and USA in mid 1980 by Mikhail Gorbachev 37

Global WarmingTheory that the earth is heating up because of pollution and the green house effect. 38

Great Leap Forward Program began by Mao Zedong in China in 1958 to increase agricultural and industrial output 39

Green RevolutionDevelopment of new varieties of plants and improved agricultural techniques that resulted in greatly increased crop yields 40

Gulf WarWar fought in the 1990s between Iraq and a coalition force led by United States to liberate Kuwait from Iraq 41

Gupta EmpireGolden Age of Indian History

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Hinduism Religion founded in India, a polytheistic religionBeliefs:ReincarnationKarmadharma

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Hiroshima /NagasakiCities that atomic bomb was dropped on to end World War II in Pacific 44

HolocaustAct of genocide by Nazi Germany during World War II 45

(IRA) Irish Republic Army Terrorist organization fighting for an independent Ireland in Northern Ireland 46

Inca Empire Pre Columbian Civilization found in South America, in the area of Peru and Chile. Known for their extensive road system and terrace farming..47

Indus River valley One of the first major civilizations of the world, found in IndiaKnown for plumbing system 48Industrial Revolution Period in which production of goods changed from hand made tools to using power driven machinesCauses:GeographyRaw materialsPopulation growthcapital to invest

EffectsCapitalism vs. SocialismNew class structureUrbanizationWorking conditions Improved transportation

49IntifadaUprising of young Palestinians in Israel in the 1980s 50

Islamic FundamentalismMovement by Muslim reformers who oppose westernization51

Laissez fairePolicy allowing business to operate without government interference 52

League of NationsGroup of more than 40 countries formed after World War I, very weak53

Mandate of HeavenRight to rule given by GodChinese 54

Marshall PlanPlan to help rebuild Europe following World War II55

Maurya Empirefirst united Indian empire 56

MayaPre-Columbian society in Central America, highly advanced society

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Meiji RestorationModernization of Japan under the Meiji Emperor58

Mexican RevolutionOverthrow of Dictator Porfirio Diaz because of the uneven distribution of wealth in country Effects:ConstitutionSocial reformsDevelopment of economy59Middle AgesTime period in history between 500 Ad and 1500 AD; time of great darkness, no education, people lived in fear 60

MongolsGroup of nomadic horseback men, who controlled the worlds largest empire stretching from China to Constantinople

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MonotheismBelief in one godChristianityJudaism Islam 62NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization a pact between western nations who pledged to support each other if any member was attacked 63

NAFTANorth American Free Trade Agreement- allows countries in North America to trade with each other freely64New Economic PolicyVI Lenins economic policy to help fix economic problems in Soviet Union 65Ninety-Five ThesesMartin Luthers 95 arguments against the Catholic Church, led to the Protestant Reformation 66

OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries- trade group that sets world oil prices by controlling oil production Saudi ArabiaVenezuela IranIraq Kuwait

67Open Door policyWhen the United States forced the opening of trade with Japan in the late 1800s

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PLOPalestinian Liberation Organization- wants a home state for the Palestinians Used terrorists acts in order to prove point and raise attention to issue.

69Pan-Arabism Movement emphasizing the unity for all Arab people70PerestroikaRestructuring of Soviet government under Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s 71

QuranHoly book of Islam 72Reformation Martin Luther's movement protesting the teachings of the catholic church 73

RenaissancePeriod of rebirth in education throughout Europe in the 1600s 74

RussificationAttempt by Russia to make all groups of people under Russian rule to think , act and believe as Russians 75Scientific RevolutionPeriod in the 1500s and 1600s in which scientists challenged traditional ideas and relied on observation and experimentation 76ShogunIn Japanese Feudal society military commander whom held real power 77Social DarwinismJustification for the White Europeans to imperialize Africa, because the white race was the fittest to survive78Tang & Song DynastyGolden age of Chinese history, invented many great things we still use today Gunpowder 79Tiananmen Square ProtestsStudent protests for a pro democracy government in China (1989), led to government crack down on protesters 80

Trans Atlantic slave trade The slave trade that took place between Africa and the Americas in the 16 and 1700s 81Treaty of Versailles Treaty that was signed at the end of the Great WarLeads to WWIICreates League of NationsPunishes Germany for war 82Truman DoctrineEconomic and military program of United States designed to help other countries resist Soviet aggressionIdea of containment 83Warsaw PactDefensive alliance among soviet union and its satellite promising mutual military cooperation 84Young TurksMovement established by Turks in the late 1800s to reform ottoman empire Mustafa Kemal westernize Ottoman Empire 85TribalismIn Africa, when you have greater allegiances to your tribe than your nation 86