Motivation + EmotionWhat motivates you?

Chapter 13

Definitions

• motivation: the drive to seek a goal, such as food, water, friends

• Instinct: genetically transmitted patterns of behavior across species UNLEARNED

Physical Motivators

• attaining pleasure and avoiding pain are BIG motivators

• in the brain, you find the centers of pain, pleasure, fear, rage, hunger, thirst, sex, aggression, excitement

Motivation

Drive-Reduction Theory physiological need creates aroused tension state

(a drive) that motivates to satisfy the need

Need Drive Drive-reducing behavior

Motivational Forces

• Drive: force that pushes organism into action

• Goal: the target

• Homeostasis: balanced internal state (our main goal)

Motivation Theories

Humanistic• People motivated by the

conscious desire for personal growth

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Sociocultural• Culture determines how

needs are met– Coffee or tea?– Hot dogs or tacos?– Fist bumps or cheek kisses?

HUNGER

• When depressed, stomach acid levels drop, salivation slows (not hungry)

• When angry, acid levels rise, cause nausea

Motivation: Hunger

The hypothalamus controls eating

Where do hunger signals come from?

• 1. low glucose levels (blood sugar level)

• 2. Chemical receptors on the tongue

• 3. Taste (important at the beginning of eating)

Weight factors

• Obesity from inaccurate internal cues

• Rely on external cues (how food looks and tastes, not hunger feelings)

• Stress eating• Set point: determines

individual weight

Weight, continued

• evidence that weight based on heredity and metabolism

• Food should NEVER be a motivator for children

Thirst

• body 65-70% water- we need it always!!!!

• Signals: dry tongue

• Water intake is learned

2 Types of Motivation

• INTRINSIC: Motivation that comes from within– Leads to more creativity

and happiness

• EXTRINSIC: Motivation that comes from the outside– Leads to detachment

and negativity

Non-survival Needs

CURIOSITY MOTIVE

• need to see new, odd, different things

• the need to solve problems

• the more we know about something, the more we want to know

MANIPULATION MOTIVE

• drive to handle and use objects

• be stimulated by your environment

STIMULATION

• need physical stimulation to develop properly

• CONTACT COMFORT: happiness from soft physical stimulation

• studies done point to a physical need for contact in infants...leads to permanent scars (physical and emotional)

MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

• We need to meet the basic needs before we can achieve the higher levels

• Food is more important than education

Exit SlipWhat kind of non-survival motivation is featured in the photo above? State your rationale.