motivation by mine

8/14/2019 Motivation by Mine

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MOTIVATION

Treat others asyou would like to betreated

How do human needs

influence motivation to work?

How do thought processes

and decisions affectmotivation to work?
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WHAT IS MOTIVATON

MOTIVATION is an importantfactor which encourage personto give their best performanceand help in reaching enterprisegoal .A positive motivation willhelp the increase output

employees but negativemotivation will reduce theirperformance.


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The Nature of Motivation

Motivation The set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways.

The goal of managers is to maximize desired behaviors and minimize

undesirable behaviors.

The Importance of Motivation inthe WorkplaceDeterminants of Individual Performance

Motivationthe desire to do the job. Abilitythe capability to do the job.

Work environmentthe resources needed to do the job.


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MOTIVATION

Human Needs

Motivationaccounts for the level, direction, and

persistence of effort expended at work.

Needan unfulfilled physiological or psychological

desire.


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THREE ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION

Motivation start with a need,vision dream and desire to achievethe seemly impossible.

Maintaining a love-to-learn,meaning becoming involved withrisky ventures seeking new

opportunities.Maintain a desire to overcome

barriers to bounce back fromdiscouragement or failure.


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Rules of motivation

Set a major goal but follow a path:-The path has mini goal that goes in many direction when u learn

to succeed in mini goal, you will be motivated to challengegrand goal.

Finish what you start :-A half finish project is of no use to anyone. Quitting is a habit.

Develop to finish a self motivated project. Learn how to learnMan has a ability to learn without help.

Increase knowledge of subject that inspire:-The more we know about the subject, the more we want to

learn about it.

Take riskFailure and bouncing back are element of

motivation. failure are learning tool .no onehas ever succeed at any time worthy whilewithout striking of failure


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Rule of motivation

Socialization with others of similar interestMutual support are motivating. We will develop a attitude of our five best friend if

they are looser we will be looser . If they are winner ,we will be winner

Set the example :-U must be the role modal that you want your people to grow into.Develop moral and esprit :-

Moral is a mental and emotional and spiritual state of a person all most everythingyou do will have some impact on the moral of your organization you shouldalways be aware how your organization and decision affect it. ESPRIT meansteam esprit its is define as the esprit or the soul of the organization.

Keep them inform :-Keep the communication system open allows a person to have a sense of

control over their lives.

Make their job challenging ,excising and meaningful

Make them feels that they are individuals in a great team notcogs in a lifeless machine .

Let your people to be a part of planning andproblem solving process:-


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What Is Motivation?

Direction

PersistenceIntensity


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Maslows Theory

We each have a hierarchy of needs

that ranges from "lower" to

"higher." As lower needs are

fulfilled there is a tendency for

other, higher needs to emerge.


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Maslows Theory

Maslows theory maintains that a

person does not feel a higher need

until the needs of the current level

have been satisfied. Maslow'sbasic needs are as follows:


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PhysiologicalNeeds

Food

Air

Water

Clothing

Sex

Basic Human Needs


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Safety Needs

Protection

Stability

Pain AvoidanceMedical

insurance

Safety and Security


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Social Needs

Affection

Acceptance

Need of friends

Need to give andreceive love

Love and Belonging


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Esteem Needs Self-RespectSelf-Esteem

Respected by Others

Esteem


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Self-Actualization

Achieve full potential

Fulfillment


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Esteem

Self-Actualization

Safety

Belonging

Physiological

Summary


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MOTIVATION

Human Needs

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs


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Critical analysis of the maslows theory

The theory help to manager inunderstanding how to motivate people.

This theory is very, simple and easilyunderstandable

Its account both inter personal and intrapersonal variation in human behavior.

The theory the dynamic because it present

a motivation as a changing force:changing form one level of needs toanother level


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ERGAlderfers ERG theory focuses on existence,

relatedness, and growth needs.

The ERG theory is improvement of Maslow'stheory Maslow's theory suggested that theperson will move to next level only if theneed of previous level is satisfied.

Advantages and limitation


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MOTIVATION

Human Needs

Alderfers ERG Theory Existence Needs

are desires for physiological and material well-being. theexistence needs combine the physiological and safetyneed of Maslow's modal. the existence need are satisfied

by material incentive. Relatedness Needs

are desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships.reletedneed include Maslow's social and esteem need, which arederived from other people. This include relationship withother people we care about. this need are satisfied bypersonal relation and social interaction.

Growth Needs are desires for continued psychological growth and

development. This need similar to self actualisation need.


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Advantages of ERG limitation of ERG

ERG theory takes thestrong point of theearlier contenttheories but it is lessrestrictive and

limiting as compare toothers

ERG theory is moreconsistent with ourknowledge of

individual differencesamong people.thetheory is morerelevant as compareto maslows theory

The theory is a newconcept as comparedto the maslowstheory.

This theory does notoffer clear cutguideline. Thistheory says thatindividual can satisfyany of three need

but how we willdetermine which ofthree need areimportant to thatperson


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TWO FACTOR

Herzbergs two-factor theoryfocuses on higher-order needsatisfaction

Herzberg instead that hygiene factors caused dissatisfaction by theirabsence, but did not cause motivation by their increased presence.

Imagine the office was too cold. This will dissatisfy you. However

making the office exactly the right temperature will not motivate you

positively.


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MOTIVATION

Human Needs

Herzbergs Two-factor TheoryHygiene Factor

is found in the job context, such as working

conditions, interpersonal relations, organizationalpolicies, and salary.

Motivator Factor is found in job content, such as a sense of

achievement, recognition, responsibility,

advancement, or personal growth.


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Dissatisfaction

and

demotivation

Not dissatisfied

but

not motivated

Positive

satisfaction

and motivation

Hygiene Factors

Company policies

Quality of supervisionRelations with others

Personal life

Rate of pay, salary

Job security

Working conditions

Motivational Factors

Achievement

Career advancement

Personal growth

Job interest

Recognition

Responsibility

Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory


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Needs Theories

Maslow Herzberg

Hygiene

Motivators

Factors

Social

Safety

Physiological

Self-Actualisation

Esteem


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Critical analysis of herzberg theory

Not conclusive

Methedology

Job enrichment


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MOTIVATION

VROOMS EXPECTENCY THEORY

Expectancy theory considersmotivation = expectancy x

instrumentality x valenceWhereas Maslow and Herzberg look at the relationship betweeninternal needs and the resulting effort expended to fulfill them, Vroom

separates effort (which arises from motivation), performance, and

outcomes.


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MOTIVATION

Thought Processes and Decisions

Vrooms Expectancy Theorymotivation = expectancy x instrumentality x valence Expectancy

a persons belief that working hard will result in achieving a desiredlevel of task performance

Instrumentality

a persons belief that successful performance will lead to rewards andother potential outcomes Valence

the value a person assigns to the possible rewards and other work-related outcomes.


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How Expectancy Theory Works

Expectancy

Effort - Performance Link

E=0

No matter how much effort

you put in, probably not possible

to memorise the text in 24 hours

Instrumentality

Performance - Rewards Link

I=0

Your tutor does not look

like someone who has 1 million

Valence

Rewards - Personal Goals Link

V=1

There are a lot of wonderful things

you could do with 1 million

Your tutor offers you 1 million if you memorise the textbook by tomorrow morning.

Conclusion: Though you value the reward, you will not be motivated to do this task.


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MOTIVATION

Thought Processes and DecisionsVrooms Expectancy Theory


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Expectancy

Expectancy is the belief that increasedeffort will lead to increased performancei.e. if I work harder then this will bebetter. This is affected by such things as:

1. Having the right resources available (e.g.raw materials, time)

2. Having the right skills to do the job

3. Having the necessary support to get thejob done (e.g. supervisor support, orcorrect information on the job)


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Instrumentality

Instrumentality is the belief that if youperform well that a valued outcome willbe received i.e. if I do a good job, there issomething in it for me. This is affected bysuch things as:

1. Clear understanding of the relationshipbetween performance and outcomes e.g. the rules of the reward game

2. Trust in the people who will take thedecisions on who gets what outcome

3. Transparency of the process that decideswho gets what outcome


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Valence

Valence is the importance that theindividual places upon the expectedoutcome. For example, if I am mainly

motivated by money, I might notvalue offers of additional time off.

Ex. person who is more intes. Ingetting reorganization for the hard

work will not have any valence forcash reward.

MOTIVATION


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MOTIVATION

Reinforcement

Operant conditioning influences behaviorby controlling its consequences.

Positive reinforcement connects desirable

behavior with pleasant consequences.Punishment connects undesirable behavior

with unpleasant consequences.


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MOTIVATION

Reinforcement

The law of effect states thatbehavior followed by a pleasantconsequence is likely to be

repeated; behavior followed byan unpleasant consequence isunlikely to be repeated.


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MOTIVATION

ReinforcementOperant Conditioning B. F. Skinner


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Reinforcement Perspectiveson Motivation

Reinforcement TheoryThe role of rewards as they cause behavior to

change or remain the same over time.Assumes that:

Behavior that results in

rewarding consequences

is likely to be repeated,whereas behavior that

results in punishing

consequences is less likely

to be repeated.


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Reinforcement Perspectives onMotivation (contd)

Kinds of Reinforcement inOrganizations (contd)Punishment

Weakens undesired behavior by using negative

outcomes or unpleasant consequences when the

behavior is performed.

ExtinctionWeakens undesired behavior by simply ignoring

or not reinforcing that behavior.


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Kinds of Reinforcement inOrganizationsPositive reinforcement

Strengthens behavior with rewards or positive

outcomes after a desired behavior is performed.

AvoidanceStrengthens behavior by avoiding unpleasant

consequences that would result if the behavior is

not performed.


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Providing Reinforcement inOrganizationsBehavior modification

A method for applying the basic elements of

reinforcement theory in an organizational setting.

Specific behaviors are tied to specific forms of

reinforcement.

HOW TO MOTIVATIVE PEOPLE


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HOW TO MOTIVATIVE PEOPLE


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Barriers to motivation

Fear I cant do it.

Waiting I will do it tomorrow.

May be this is not the bestcourse of action

Not enough exercise and sleep.

Poor nutrition


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Some self motivating goal

Advancing in an organization:-eachstep step is clear and recognized by othersrecognition is a power full motivation force.

Developing ideas:- creativity is a natural

self motivator, we want to prove to ourself that we can do it. Adventures:- exploring is learning more

about the world we live in. exploring is ahigh power learning environment.

Seeking continual change and adopting it:-Very often this is related to achieving a goal , then

going after another . This require the desire tomaintain a continual learning environment .


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