motivating relation

8/3/2019 Motivating Relation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/motivating-relation 1/27

Anything that affects behaviorin pursuit of a certain outcome

What is Motivation?



Major Motivation Theories

Classification of MotivationTheories

1. Content motivation theories

2. Process motivation theories

3. Reinforcement theory

Specific Motivation Theory

a. Hierarchy of needs theoryb. Two-factor theory

c. Acquired needs theory

a. Equity theoryb. Expectancy theoryc. Goal-setting theory

Type of Reinforcementa. Positiveb. Avoidancec. Extinctiond. Punishment



What are Content

Motivation Theories?

Focus on explaining and predictingbehavior based on people’s needs



Hierarchy of

Needs

Two-Factor

AcquiredNeeds

3

ContentMotivation

Theories



What is a Hierarchyof Needs Theory?

Proposes that people are motivatedthrough levels of needs which begin a

basic life sustaining needs and progressto life and work satisfaction needs



Proposed by Abraham Maslow

Often portrayed in the shape of a

pyramid

According to Maslow, lower needstake priority. They must be fulfilledbefore the others are activated.



Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Self-Actualization

Esteem

Social

SafetyPhysiological



What is Two-FactorTheory

•Developed and data collected by Frederick

Herzberg.

•States that there are factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a

separate set of factors causedissatisfaction.



Two- Factor Theory distinguish

between:

Motivators – that give satisfaction arisingfrom intrinsic conditions of the job itself.

Hygiene factors- do not give positivesatisfaction, though dissatisfaction results

from this absence. These are extrinsic tothe work itself.



Acquired Needs Theory (employees are motivated by their need for:)

AffiliationPower Achievement



Showed by David McClelland

Human behavior is affected byhis needs.



According to this Theory, needs are

classified as:

1. Achievers – want to excel and would prefertimely recognition of their efforts.

2. Affiliation Seekers – want peacefulrelationships with their surrounding people.

3. Power Seeker – their need is power. Theyexercise control over others to achieve theirobjectives.



What are

Process Motivation Theories?

• why people’s need changed

• How and why people choose to

satisfy those needs in differentways



What is the Equity

Theory of Motivation?

Developed by John Stacey Adams

Attempts to explain relationalsatisfaction in terms of perceptions of

fair/unfair distributions of resourceswith in interpersonal relationships.



(proposed that employees are motivated

when their perceived inputs equal outputs.)

=Others’ input

(contributions)

Others’ outcomes(rewards)

Our inputs

(contributions)

=Our outcomes(rewards)



What is the Expectancy


Proposed by Victor Vroom

proposes that employees are motivatedwhen they believe they can accomplish

the task and the rewards for doing soare worth the effort.



3 Components in ExpectancyTheory

1. Expectancy – belief about ability to

do the task

2. Instrumentality – the belief a rewardwill be forthcoming

3. Valence – the value the individualplaces on the reward.



What is the Goal-setting


By Edwin Locke

Proposes that specific, difficult

goals motivate people



2 Types of Goals

1. Directional Goal – one where

we just strive to achieve the finalgoal somehow.

2. Accuracy – One tries to comeout with the best possible solution

to the problem.



What isReinforcement Theory?

Based on the studies of B.F. Skinner.

Is the process of shaping behavior by

controlling the consequences of thebehavior.



1. Positive Reinforcement

Result when the occurrence of a

valued behavioral consequencehas the effect of strengthening theprobability of the behavior being

repeated.



2. NegativeReinforcement/Avoidance

results when an undesirable

behavioral consequence iswithheld with the effectstrengthening the probability of

the behavior being repeated.



3. Punishment

attempt to decrease theprobability of specific

behaviors being exhibited.



4. Extinction

Similar to punishment in thatthe purpose is to reduce

unwanted behavior.



Motivating with Reinforcement

Set clear objectives◦ Employees must understand what isexpected

Use appropriate rewards

◦ Must be seen as rewards Use the appropriate reinforcement schedule

Do not reward unworthy performance

Look for the positive

Give sincere praise

Do things for your employees



Give Sincere Praise

People will know if you mean it

Praise Model (Person to Person)◦ Tell what was done well

◦ Tell why it is important◦ Take a moment of silence

◦ Encourage continued good work

Learn to give praise easily◦ It is an effective and inexpensivemotivational tool



Thank You

motivating relation

Documents