motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction

7/21/2019 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter Jurisdiction

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XBHDX] H. LBXU, DZ[. (HKX OB. ;;9>49)

@EJFDCCD C. XEJD, DZ[. (HKX OB. 8:4;65)

CK^ BGGEJD BG XBHDX] LBXU

5:99 ^ecsferd Hbucdvkrm, Zuetd 899

Hdvdrcy Feccs, Jkcegbroek 598;8]dcdpfbod1 (:;9) 864-;7:9

D`kec1 rlbryIrhlckw.jb``rejdIrhlckw.jb`

Kttbrodys gbr Mdgdomkot

ZK@@U BXE]E

HXEKO N. ^BCG, DZ[. (HKX OB. ;:484>)

DWKO O. ZYEDNDC, DZ[. (HKX OB. ;569>;)

]BMM Z. DKNKO, DZ[. (HKX OB. 89>=87)

CKWDCU & ZEONDX

K YXBGDZZEBOKC JBXYBXK]EBO

89=5 Jdotury Ykrl Dkst, Zuetd 8=99Cbs Kondcds, Jkcegbroek 5997>-8597

]dcdpfbod1 (:;9) 447-:49;D`kec1 hwbcgIckvdcyseondr.jb`

dspedndcIckvdcyseondr.jb`

tdknkoIckvdcyseondr.jb`

Kttbrodys gbr Yckeotegg

BLZKOK NXENBXEDWK

TOE]DM Z]K]DZ MEZ]XEJ] JBTX]

JDO]XKC MEZ]XEJ] BG JKCEGBXOEK

^DZ]DXO MEWEZEBO

BLZKOK NXENBXEDWK, ko ) JKZD OB. JW 95-9:576 @@@ (Dx)Eomevemukc, )

Yckeotegg, )

) MDGDOMKO]Z @D@BXKOMT@

v. ) EO ZTYYBX] BG @B]EBO ]B MEZ@EZZ

) YCKEO]EGGZ ]FEXM KOM GBTX]F

ZK@@U BXE]E, ko eomevemukc< ) JCKE@Z GBX XDCEDG GBX CKJL BGkom MBDZ ; tfrbunf ;9, ) ZTHADJ] @K]]DX ATXEZMEJ]EBO

eojcusevd, ) YTXZTKO] ]B

Mdgdomkots. ) GDM. X. JEW. Y. ;8(h)(;))

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR )

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ I :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'M/


2/17

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]khcd bg Jbotdots

E. EO]XBMTJ]EBO...;

EE. Z]KOMKXM BG XDWED^ GBX @B]EBO ]B MEZ@EZZ

YTXZTKO] ]B GDM. X.JEW. Y. ;8(h)(;)....:

EEE.KXNT@DO]..=

K. Yckeoteggs Jbpyrenft Eogreond`dot Jcke` es Yrdjcumdm hy ;> T.Z.J. =;;(k)

Hdjkusd Yckeotegg Fks Obt Bhtkeodm Wkcem Jdrtegejktds bg Xdnestrktebo

Gbr Koy bg tfd Kccdndmcy Eogreondm ^brls..............................................=

H. Yckeoteggs Jcke` Gbr k Mdjckrktebo bg Zbcd Bwodrsfep Eo Dkjf bg tfd

@usejkc Jb`pbsetebos Mbds Obt Kresd Tomdr ]fd Gdmdrkc Jbpyrenft Kjt

kom ]fdrdgbrd Mbds Obt Wdst ]fd Jburt êtf Zuhadjt @kttdr Auresmejtebo.6

;. Yckeotegg Fks Obt Ztktdm k Wkcem Jcke` Gbr Eogreond`dot

Hdjkusd tfd ^brls Krd Tordnestdrdm kom Mb Obt @ddt tfd

Auresmejtebokc Yrdrdquesetd Tomdr ;> T.Z.J. =;;(k)....5

8. Yckeotegg Fks Obt Ztktdm k Jcke` ]fkt Xdquerds Jbostrujtebo

bg tfd Jbpyrenft Kjt......;9

J. Eg tfd Jburt Mesèssds Yckeoteggs ]ferm kom Gburtf Jcke`sBo Auresmejtebokc Nrbuoms,]fd Jburt Fks Ob Mesjrdtebo tb Fdkr

]fd Ztktd Ckw Jcke`s kom @ust Mesèss ]fd`......;8

EW. JBOJCTZEBO..;8

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ & :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'M)


3/17

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]khcd bg Kutfbreteds

Jksds

Hrusf Jrddl @dmek, Eoj. v. Hbuaklceko,

8998 T.Z. Mest CDVEZ ;4:8; * ;8, 8998 ^C ;597789 * = (O.M. Jkc. 8998) ............ 7

Grkolceo v. Jkoobo Gec`s, Eoj.,

74= G. Zupp. ;::, ;:=-;:4 (J.M. Jkc. ;56>) ............................................................. ;9

Nbbmweo v. Hdst Ycko Eotc,899= ^C ;58=;=> *; , 899= T.Z. Mest. CDVEZ ;>68: *:-= (O.M. Jkc. 899=) .......... 7

Fkojbjl Ykrl Fb`dbwodrs Ksso Dst. ;5=6 v. Fkojbjl Ykrl Fb`d Bwodrs Ksso,

8997 ^C =4:8567 (J.M. Jkc. 8997) .......................................................................... ;8

Fdr`ko Gk`ecy Xdvbjkhcd ]rust v. ]dmmy Hdkr,

84= G.:m 698, 694-7 (5tfJer. 899;) ........................................................................ ;, ;8

Adggdrsbo Kerpckod v. Hdrldcdy Zystd`s, Eoj.,

667 G. Zupp. >;:, >;4 (O.M. Jkc. ;55=) ...................................................................... >

Abyjd v. Xdokesskojd Mdseno, Eoj.,

8999 T.Z. Mest CDVEZ ;>>>= * >, 8999 ^C :=::4>8; * 8 (J.M. Jkc. 8999) ........... 7

Aust ^ktdr Fdktdrs, Eoj. v. Kggbrmkhcd ^ktdr Fdktdrs kom Ycu`heon, Eoj.,

8997 ^C ==5;:7 * :, 8997 T.Z. Mest. CDVEZ ;4:8; *;9 (O.M. Jkc. 8997) .............. 7

Lbmkmdl v. @]W Odtwbrls, Eoj.,

;48 G.:m ;895, ;8;; (5tf

Jer. ;556) ............................................................................. >

Ceppett v. Xky`bom Ak`ds Geo. Zdrvs.,

:=9 G. :m ;9::, ;9=9 (5tf

Jer. 899:) ...................................................................... 8, ;;

Cbrdd Xbmleo v. Xbss-Ze`bos, Eoj.,:;4 G. Zupp. 8m ;94: (J.M. 899=) ................................................................... 8, 7, >, 5

@etjfdcc v. @kurdr,85: T.Z. 8:>, 8==, 44 Z. Jt. ;78, >5 C. Dm. ::6 (;5:=) .............................................. :

@brbonb Hkom bg @essebo Eomekos v. Jkc. Ztktd Hm. bg Dqukcezktebo,

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ - :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'D(


4/17

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646 G.8m ;:>7, ;:69 (5tf

Jer. ;566) ....................................................................... =, ;9

@ujfoejl v. ]fb`psbo Jbrp.,

495 G.:m ;;7, ;8: (8om

Jer. 899>) ................................................................................ 6

Ykrk`buot Yejturds Jbrp. v. XDYCKU]W,856 G. Zupp. 8m 58;, 58= (J.M. Jkc. 899=) .................................................................. :

Ydrgdjt ;9 v. K`kzbo.jb , Eoj.,

=6> G.:m >9;, >;9, o. ; (5tf

Jer. 899>) ......................................................................... >

Xddm Dcsdvedr, Eoj. v. @ujfoejl,

;85 Z. Jt. ;48:, >> T.Z.C.^. :945 (T.Z. @kr. 98, 8995)(OB. 96-;9:) .................... 6

Xeb Yrbps., Eoj. v. Xeb Eotc Eotdrceol,

86= G.:m ;99>, ;9;5 (5tfJer. 8998) ............................................................................. :

Xbhdrts v. Jbrrbtfdrs,

6;8 G.8m ;;>:, ;;>> (5tf

Jer. ;56>) ............................................................................. =

Xufrnks Kn v. @krktfbo Bec Jb.,

487 T.Z. 4>=, 46: (;555) ............................................................................................. :

Zkgd Ker Gbr Dvdrybod v. @dydr,

:>: G.:m ;9:4, ;9:5 (5tf

Jer. 899=) ............................................................................. :

Zjfbckstej Dotdrtkeo`dot v. Gbx Dotdrtkeo`dot Nrbup, Eoj.,

::7 G. :m 568, 567 (5tf

Jer. 899:) ...................................................................... 6, 5, ;9

Ztbjl ^dst, Eoj. v. Jbogdmdrktdm ]rehds bg Jbcveccd Xdsdrvktebo,

6>: G.8m ;88;, ;884 (5tf

Jer. ;565) ............................................................................. :

].H. Fkr`s Jb. v. Dcesju,

::5 G. :m 68: (8om

Jer. ;57=) ....................................................................................... 5

]kycbr v. Komdrsbo,

8:= T.Z. >=, >4->7 (;5;=) ............................................................................................ 8

]bpbcbs v. Jkcmdwdy,

756 G.8m 55;, 55= (5tf

Jer. ;56:) ............................................................................... ;9

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ M :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'DI


5/17

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]rekm Zystd`s Jbrp. v. Zbutfdkstdro Dxprdss Jb.,

7= G.:m ;::9, ;::4 (5tf

Jer. ;554) ............................................................................... =

Toetdm Eovdstbrs Cegd Eos. Jb. v. ^kmmdcc & Xddm, Eoj.,

:79 G.:m 579, 577 (5tf Jer. 899=) ................................................................................ :

Wdstrbo v. Fb`d Hbx Bggejd Eoj.,

6:5 G.8m ;:69, ;:6; (5tf

Jer. ;566) ................................................................... 6, 5, ;9

^krrdo v. Gbx Gk`ecy ^brcmwemd, Eoj.,

;>; G. Zupp. 8m ;94>, ;97; (J.M. Jkc. 899;) .............................................................. :

^fetd v. Cdd,

88> G.:m ;8;=, ;8=8 (5tf

Jer. 8999) ......................................................................... :, =

Ztktutds

;> T.Z.J. ;9;, dt sdq. ................................................................................................... ;

;> T.Z.J. =96(g) ............................................................................................................ =

;> T.Z.J. =;; ................................................................................................................ >

;> T.Z.J. =;;(k) ........................................................................................... 8, =, 4, 6, 5

;> T.Z.J. 49;(h) ........................................................................................................... 7

86 T.Z.J. ;::; .............................................................................................................. ;

86 T.Z.J. ;::6(k) ..................................................................................................... ;, 6

86 T.Z.J. ;:7> .............................................................................................................. ;

Xucds

GDM.X.JEW.Y. ;8(h)(;) ................................................................................................. :

GDM.X.JEW.Y. ;8(f)(:) ................................................................................................... :

Xdnucktebos

:> J.G.X. 898.;7 ........................................................................................................... 4

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ D :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'D&


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E.

EO]XBMTJ]EBO

Eo fdr jb`pckeot, Yckeotegg kccdnds tdo jcke`s gbr rdcedg knkeost Mdgdomkot, `bst

bg wfejf krd stktd ckw jcke`s. Yckeotegg kccdnds twb jkusds bg kjtebo, jbpyrenft

eogreond`dot kom mdjckrktbry rdcedg, wfejf purpbrtdmcy kresd but bg k seoncd gdmdrkc

stktutd, tfd Gdmdrkc Jbpyrenft Kjt, ;> T.Z.J. ;9;, dt sdq. Yckeotegg jbotdoms tfkt tfes

Jburt fks suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo pursukot tb 86 T.Z.J. ;::; kom 86 T.Z.J.

;::6(k). Jb`pckeot 4. ]fus, tfd Jburts suhadjt kttdr auresmejtebo rdsts sbcdcy bo

wfdtfdr tfd Jburt fks gdmdrkc qudstebo auresmejtebo ks tfdrd es ob mevdrsety bg

jetezdosfep. Jb`pckeot ;, 8.

Yckeotegg fkm kt tfd te`d bg tfd jb``dojd`dot bg fdr kjtebo eo Auod kom fks kt

tfd te`d bg geceon tfd eostkot `btebopdomeonkppcejktebos gbr jbpyrenft rdnestrktebos eo

tfd Toetdm Ztktds Jbpyrenft Bggejd gbr tfd gbur @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos Yckeotegg kccdnds

tfkt Mdgdomkot fks eogreondm. Mbj. :. Yckeotegg mem obt prbggdr wetf fdr jb`pckeot

Jdrtegejktds bg Xdnestrktebo gbr dkjf bg tfd gbur wbrls, hut `drdcy kvdrrdm tfkt sfd fkm

gecdm kppcejktebos eo tfd Toetdm Ztktds Jbpyrenft Bggejd prebr tb geceon fdr jb`pckeot.

Jb`pckeot 6, 8>.]fd pre`kry essud hdgbrd tfd Jburt es wfdtfdr pdomeon kppcejktebos gbr

rdnestrktebo kt tfd te`d bg geceon bg tfd kjtebo krd suggejedot tb jbogdr suhadjt `kttdr

auresmejtebo tb fdkr Yckeoteggs eogreond`dot jcke`. Eg tfd Jburt geoms tfkt pdomeon

kppcejktebos gbr rdnestrktebo krd eosuggejedot, tfdo tfd Jburt sfbucm tfdo mdtdr`eod

wfdtfdr Yckeoteggs rdqudst gbr k mdjckrktebo bg sbcd bwodrsfep eo kom tb tfd @usejkc

Jb`pbsetebos eomdpdomdotcy vdsts tfd Jburt wetf suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo uomdr tfd

Gdmdrkc Jbpyrenft Kjt. Eg tfd Jburt koswdrs hbtf qudstebos eo tfd odnktevd kom geoms

tfkt et mbds obt fkvd breneokc auresmejtebo tb fdkr Yckeoteggs gdmdrkc jcke`s, tfdo tfd

Jburt sfbucm kcsb mes`ess Yckeoteggs stktd ckw jcke`s hdjkusd, khsdot breneokc

auresmejtebo, tfd Jburt wbucm obt fkvd suppcd`dotkc auresmejtebo tb fdkr tfd stktd ckw

jcke`s uomdr 86 T.Z.J. ;:7>. Fdr`ko Xdvbjkhcd ]rust v. ]dmmy Hdkr, 84= G.:m

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ . :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'D-


7/17

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698, 697 (5tf

Jer. 899;)(eg tfd jburt mesèssds gbr ckjl bg suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo, et

fks ob mesjrdtebo tb fdkr kom ùst mesèss kcc jcke`s.).

Et es Mdgdomkots jbotdotebo tfkt tfd Jburt ckjls suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo tb

fdkr Yckeoteggs gdmdrkc jcke s gbr twb rdksbos. Gerst, Yckeotegg fks obt `kmd k pre`k

gkjed sfbweon bg jbpyrenft bwodrsfep hy prbggdreon Jdrtegejktds bg Xdnestrktebo grb`

tfd Toetdm Ztktds Jbpyrenft Bggejd eo tfd gbur @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos. ]fus, tfd

auresmejtebokc hkr bg ;> T.Z.J. =;;(k), wfejf fks hddo eotdrprdtdm eo tfd Jdotrkc

Mestrejt ks rdquereon jb`pcdtdm dxkèoktebos hy tfd Jbpyrenft Bggejd kom Jdrtegejktds

bg Xdnestrktebo, prdjcumds Yckeoteggs jcke` bg eogreond`dot bg dkjf bg tfd gbur

uordnestdrdm wbrls. Cbrdd Xbmleo v. Xbss-Ze`bos, Eoj., :;4 G. Zupp. 8m ;94: (J.M.

899=).

Zdjbom, wetfbut k vkcem eogreond`dot jcke`, Yckeoteggs jcke` gbr mdjckrktbry

rdcedg mbds obt eomdpdomdotcy vdst tfd Jburt wetf suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo hdjkusd

tfd rdcedg sbunft mbds obt kresd uomdr tfd Gdmdrkc Jbpyrenft Kjt (tfd Kjt).

]frbunf fdr jcke` gbr mdjckrktbry rdcedg, Yckeotegg sddls sbcdcy k mdtdrèoktebo bg

bwodrsfep eo tfd @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos wfejf wecc obt rdquerd k jbostrujtebo bg tfd

Kjt. Jb`pckeot :>(k). Tomdr tfd wdcc-pcdkmdm jb`pckeot rucd, auresmejtebo ùst hdmdtdrèodm grb` wfkt odjdsskrecy kppdkrs eo tfd Yckeoteggs stktd`dot bg fes bwo jcke`

eo tfd hecc br mdjckrktebo, uokemdm hy koytfeon kccdndm eo kotejepktebo bg kvbemkojd bg

mdgdosds wfejf et es tfbunft mdgdomkot `ky eotdrpbsd. Ceppett v. Xky`bom Ak`ds Geo.

Zdrvs., :=9 G. :m ;9::, ;9=9 (5tfJer. 899:)(qubteon ]kycbr v. Komdrsbo, 8:= T.Z. >=,

>4->7 (;5;=)). ]fus, Yckeoteggs mdjckrktbry rdcedg jcke` jkoobt vdst tfd jburt wetf

gdmdrkc qudstebo auresmejtebo hy kotejepkteon Mdgdomkots pbtdotekc mdgdosds tb

eogreond`dot. ZddJb`pckeot :> (h)-(j). Mdgdomkots jcke` bg k jb-bwodrsfep

eotdrdst eo tfd @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos es hksdm upbo jbotrkjt kom dquetkhcd preojepcds,

sujf ks dstbppdc, wfejf kresd uomdr stktd, obt gdmdrkc ckw. Brete Mdjc. :-;9. Ks

sujf, tfd Jburt kcsb ckjls suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo ks tb Yckeoteggs jcke` gbr

mdjckrktbry rdcedg uomdr tfd Jbpyrenft Kjt.

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ 3 :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'DM


8/17

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EE.Z]KOMKXM BG XDWED^ GBX @B]EBO ]B MEZ@EZZ YTXZTKO] ]B

GDM.X.JEW.Y. ;8(h)(;)

Xucd ;8(h)(;) kutfbrezds k pkrty tb `bvd tb mesèss k jcke` gbr ckjl bg suhadjt

`kttdr auresmejtebo. K gdmdrkc jburt es prdsu`dm tb ckjl auresmejtebo eo k pkrtejuckr jksd

uocdss tfd jbotrkry kgger`ktevdcy kppdkrs. Ztbjl ^dst, Eoj. v. Jbogdmdrktdm ]rehds bg

Jbcveccd Xdsdrvktebo, 6>: G.8m ;88;, ;884 (5tf

Jer. ;565).

Zuhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo `ky hd jbosemdrdm hy tfd Jburt kt koy te`d. Zdd

GDM.X.JEW.Y. ;8(f)(:)(^fdodvdr et kppdkrs hy sunndstebo bg tfd pkrteds br btfdrwesd

tfkt tfd jburt ckjls auresmejtebo bg tfd suhadjt `kttdr, tfd jburt sfkcc mesèss tfd

kjtebo.)=, 46:

(;555)(Zuhadjt-`kttdr mdceodktebos ùst hd pbcejdm hy tfd jburts bo tfder bwo

eoetektevd dvdo kt tfd fenfdst cdvdc.). Gdmdrkc jburts fkvd tfd muty tb dstkhcesf suhadjt

`kttdr auresmejtebowfdtfdr br obt tfd pkrteds rkesd tfd essud. Zdd Toetdm Eovdstbrs Cegd

Eos. Jb. v. ^kmmdcc & Xddm, Eoj.,:79 G.:m 579, 577 (5tf Jer. 899=) (k mestrejt jburt's

muty tb dstkhcesf suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo es obt jboteondot upbo tfd pkrteds

krnu`dots, jeteon@etjfdcc v. @kurdr,85: T.Z. 8:>, 8==, 44 Z. Jt. ;78, >5 C. Dm. ::6(;5:=)). ]fd pckeotegg eo tfd jksd hdkrs tfd hurmdo bg dstkhcesfeon tfkt tfd jburt fks

auresmejtebo. Xeb Yrbps., Eoj. v. Xeb Eotc Eotdrceol, 86= G.:m ;99>, ;9;5 (5tf

Jer. 8998).

K pkrty jfkccdoneon k jburts auresmejtebo uomdr Xucd ;8(h)(;) `ky mb sb hy

detfdr k gkjekc kttkjl br k gkjtukc kttkjl. ^fetd v. Cdd, 88> G.:m ;8;=, ;8=8 (5tf

Jer.

8999). Eo k gkjekc kttkjl, tfd jfkccdondr kssdrts tfkt tfd kccdnktebos jbotkeodm eo k

jb`pckeot krd eosuggejedot bo tfder gkjd tb eovbld gdmdrkc auresmejtebo. Zkgd Ker Gbr

Dvdrybod v. @dydr, :>: G.:m ;9:4, ;9:5 (5tf

Jer. 899=). Eo dvkcukteon k gkjekc kttkjl

tb auresmejtebo, tfd Jburt ùst kjjdpt tfd gkjtukc kccdnktebos eo tfd pckeoteggs jb`pckeot

ks trud. ^krrdo v. Gbx Gkècy ^brcmwemd, Eoj., ;>; G. Zupp. 8m ;94>, ;97; (J.M. Jkc.

899;). Eo jbotrkst wfdo k `bvkot rkesds k gkjtukc kttkjl, tfd jburt `ky jbosemdr

dxtreosej dvemdojd prdsdotdm bo tfd auresmejtebokc essud. Xbhdrts v. Jbrrbtfdrs, 6;8

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ / :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'DD


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G.8m ;;>:, ;;>> (5tfJer. ;56>). Gurtfdr, eo dvkcukteon k gkjtukc kttkjl tfd jburt oddm

obt kssu`d tfd trutfgucodss bg tfd kccdnktebos kom `ky rdsbcvd gkjtukc mesputds, eg

odjdsskry. Zdd^fetd, 88> G.:m kt ;8=8.

Geokccy, gdmdrkc suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo ùst dxest ks bg tfd te`d tfd kjtebo es

jb``dojdm. @brbonb Hkom bg @essebo Eomekos v. Jkc. Ztktd Hm. bg Dqukcezktebo, 646

G.8m ;:>7, ;:69 (5tfJer. ;566).

EEE. KXNT@DO]

K. Yckeoteggs Jbpyrenft Eogreond`dot Jcke` es Yrdjcumdm hy ;> T.Z.J.

=;;(k) Hdjkusd Yckeotegg Fks Obt Bhtkeodm Wkcem Jdrtegejktds bgXdnestrktebo Gbr Koy bg tfd Kccdndmcy Eogreondm ^brls

Yckeoteggs jcke` gbr jbpyrenft eogreond`dot eovbcvds tfd kccdndm eogreond`dot hy

Mdgdomkot bg gbur sbons tfkt Yckeotegg jcke`s sfd jb`pbsdm eo Auod 899: kom eo

Akoukry 8994 dotetcdm1 (;) Xd`d`hdr @d< (8) ^kcleon< (:) Mbdsot @kttdr kom

(=) Fdkvdo (tfd Md`b Xdjbrmeons br ]fd @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos). Jb`pckeot

6. Yckeotegg gurtfdr kccdnds tfkt prebr tb geceon tfes jb`pckeot, Nrenbredvk suhèttdmdkjf bg tfd @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos, eojcumeon tfd rdjbrmeons tfdrdbg tb tfd Toetdm

Ztktds Jbpyrenft Bggejd gbr rdnestrktebo eo fdr ok`d. Jb`pckeot 6, 8>. Eo tfd

Xdpbrt bo tfd Geceon br Mdtdrèoktebo bg ko Kjtebo br Kppdkc Xdnkrmeon k Jbpyrenft

gecdm wetf tfd Jburt bo Auod :, 8995, Yckeotegg mdsjrehds tfd stktus bg tfd gbur

rdnestrktebos gbr tfd wbrls kt essud ks pdomeon. Mbj. :.

]b stktd k jcke` gbr jbpyrenft eogreond`dot rdquerds prbbg bg twb dcd`dots1 (;)

bwodrsfep bg k vkcem jbpyrenft, kom (8) jbpyeon bg dxprdssebo prbtdjtdm hy tfkt

jbpyrenft. ]rekm Zystd`s Jbrp. v. Zbutfdkstdro Dxprdss Jb., 7= G.:m ;::9, ;::4 (5tf

Jer. ;554). Yckeotegg mbds obt stktd eo tfd Jb`pckeot wfdtfdr Yckeotegg sbunft gucc

rdnestrktebo br prdrdnestrktebo uomdr ;> T.Z.J. =96(g) bg tfd @usejkc

Jb`pbsetebos wetf tfd Toetdm Ztktds Jbpyrenft Bggejd. K sdkrjf jbomujtdm hy

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ ) :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'D.


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Mdgdomkots jbuosdc bg tfd Jbpyrenft Bggejds puhcej jktkcbn bg rdnestrktebos kom

prdrdnestrktebos rdvdkcdm ob rdjbrms gbr detfdr rdnestrktebos br prdrdnestrktebos eo

Yckeoteggs ok`d gbr koy bg tfd kccdndmcy eogreondm @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos. Xejd Mdjc.

8-:< :> J.G.X. 898.;7(;8)(prbvemeon tfkt tfd prdrdnestrktebo rdjbrm wecc kcsb hd

kvkeckhcd tb tfd puhcej bo tfd Jbpyrenft Bggejd wdhsetd, fttp1//www.jbpyrenft.nbv.)

]fus, mdpdomeon bo Yckeoteggs typd bg kppcejktebo, kt tfd te`d bg geceon bg Yckeoteggs

jb`pckeot, fdr kppcejktebos gbr gucc rdnestrktebo br prdrdnestrktebo wdrdpdomeon

hdjkusd Yckeotegg mem obt prbggdr detfdr Jdrtegejktds bg Xdnestrktebos br Jdrtegejktebos bg

Yrdrdnestrktebo. Gurtfdr, Mdgdomkot fks odvdr sbunft tb rdnestdr tfd wbrls eo fes ok`d.

Brete Mdjc. 7. ]fus, tfd kccdndmcy eogreondm wbrls kt tfd te`d bg geceon bg tfd

jb`pckeot wdrd kom rd`keo uordnestdrdm wbrls.

]fd Jbpyrenft Kjt bg ;5>7 rdquerds jdrtkeo jbometebos hd gucgeccdm hdgbrd ko

eogreond`dot kjtebo, sujf ks tfes bod, `ky hd hrbunft. Bod sujf prdrdquesetd es

jbpyrenft rdnestrktebo. Zdjtebo =;;(k) bg tfd Kjt dotetcdm Xdnestrktebo kom

Eogreond`dot Kjtebos stktds1

ob kjtebo gbr eogreond`dot bg tfd jbpyrenft eo koy Toetdm Ztktds wbrl sfkcc hd

eostetutdm uotecprdrdnestrktebo;br rdnestrktebobg tfd jbpyrenft jcke` fks hddo

`kmd eo kjjbrmkojd wetf tfes tetcd. ;> T.Z.J. =;;(k)(d`pfkses suppcedm).

;]fd Krtests Xenfts kom ]fdgt Yrdvdotebo Kjt bg 8994 jrdktdm k prdrdnestrktebo bptebo hy

wfejf jdrtkeo jckssds bg wbrls tfkt krd susjdptehcd tb eogreond`dot prebr tb puhcejktebo jko hd

prdrdnestdrdm eo kotejepktebo bg puhcejktebo. ]fd prbjdss bg prdrdnestrktebo fks ets bwo prbjdmurd

sdpkrktd grb` tfd gucc rdnestrktebo prbjdss eo tfd Jbpyrenft Bggejd. :> J.G.X. 898.;7. ]fdprdrdnestrktebo es mbod boceod bocy kom wetfbut mdpbset `ktdrekc. Yrdrdnestrktebo es kvkeckhcd gbr bocy k

vdry ceètdm jckss bg uopuhcesfdm wbrls. ;> T.Z.J. =96(g)< :> J.G.X. 898.;7. Yckeotegg fks obt

kvdrrdm tfkt sfd fks sbunft prdrdnestrktebo gbr tfd @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos uomdr ;> T.Z.J. =96(g).

Jb`pckeot 6, 8>. ]fd Jbpyrenft Bggejd jbomujts k ceètdm dxkèoktebo bg kppcejktebos gbrprdrdnestrktebo. :> J.G.X. 898.;7(>). Tpbo jb`pcdtebo bg tfd prdrdnestrktebo prbjdss, tfd Jbpyrenft

Bggejd prbvemds tfd jcke`kot bggejekc obtegejktebo hy d`kec bg tfd prdrdnestrktebo. :> J.G.X. 898.;7(;9). ]fd d`kec jbotkeos eogbr`ktebo grb` tfd kppcejktebo kom k prdrdnestrktebo ou`hdr kom

mktd. Zdd TOE]DM Z]K]DZ JBYUXENF] BGGEJD -YXDXDNEZ]XK]EBO, kvkeckhcd kt

fttp1//www.jbpyrenft.nbv/fdcp/gkq/gkq-prdrdn.f`tc3ckst vesetdm bo Aucy, ;6, 8995?. Eo kmmetebo,bojd tfd prdrdnestrktebo prbjdss es jb`pcdtdm, tfd prdrdnestrktebo rdjbrm wecc kcsb hd kvkeckhcd tb tfd

puhcej bo tfd Jbpyrenft Bggejd wdhsetd, fttp1//www.jbpyrenft.nbv. :> J.G.X. 898.;7(;8).

Yrdrdnestrktebo mbds obt jbostetutd pre`k gkjed dvemdojd bg tfd vkcemety bg tfd jbpyrenft br tfd gkjtsstktdm eo tfd kppcejktebo. :> J.G.X. 898.;7(;:). K sdkrjf bg tfd Jbpyrenft Bggejds puhcej jktkcbn

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ I( :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'D3


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]fd Kjts stkomeon prbvesebo kt ;> T.Z.J. 49;(h) kcsb prbvemds1 tfd cdnkc br

hdodgejekc bwodr bg ko dxjcusevd renft uomdr k jbpyrenft es dotetcdm,suhadjt tb tfd

rdquerd`dots bg sdjtebo =;;, tb eostetutd ko kjtebo gbr koy eogreond`dot... (d`pfkses

suppcedm).

]fd Jdotrkc Mestrejt bg Jkcegbroek fks rdjbnoezdm tfkt k jb`pcdtdm rdnestrktebo es

k auresmejtebokc prdrdquesetd tb k suet gbr jbpyrenft eogreond`dot. Cbrdd Xbmleo v. Xbss-

Ze`bos, Eoj., :;4 G. Zupp. 8m ;94:, ;947 (J.M. 899=)(geomeon tfkt k gdmdrkc mestrejt

jburt ckjls suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo bvdr k jbpyrenft jcke` eg tfd jdrtegejktd bg

rdnestrktebo es ydt tb hd essudm.)< Zdd kcsbAbyjd v. Xdokesskojd Mdseno, Eoj., 8999

T.Z. Mest CDVEZ ;>>>= * >, 8999 ^C :=::4>8; * 8 (J.M. Jkc. 8999)(mes`esseon

pckeoteggs jcke` bg jbpyrenft eogreond`dot uomdr ;> T.Z.J. =;; (k) hdjkusd pckeoteggs

wbrls wdrd uordnestdrdm).

Btfdr Jkcegbroek Mestrejt Jburts fkvd kcsb fdcm tfkt tfd auresmejtebokc

prdrdquesetd uomdr Zdjtebo =;; rdquerds k jb`pcdtdm jdrtegejktd bg rdnestrktebo tb hreon

ko eogreond`dot kjtebo. Zdd, d.n.,Aust ^ktdr Fdktdrs, Eoj. v. Kggbrmkhcd ^ktdr Fdktdrs

kom Ycu`heon, Eoj.,8997 ^C ==5;:7 * :, 8997 T.Z. Mest. CDVEZ ;4:8; *;9 (O.M.

Jkc. 8997)(nrkoteon mdgdomkots ;8(h)(;) `btebo kom geomeon tfkt tfd Kjt suppbrts tfdpbsetebo tfkt rdnestrktebo bjjurs wfdo tfd Jbpyrenft Bggejd essuds k jdrtegejktd bg

rdnestrktebotfd Jburt jkoobt kjjdpt tfd emdk tfkt ko kppcejkot jko jbogdr k jbpyrenft

bo fes wbrl kom tfdrdhy eovbld tfd wdenfty prbtdjtebos bg gdmdrkc ckw `drdcy hy

mdpbseteon `ktdrekcs kom k gdd wetf tfd Jbpyrenft Bggejd.)< Nbbmweo v. Hdst Ycko

Eotc,899= ^C ;58=;=> *; , 899= T.Z. Mest. CDVEZ ;>68: *:-= (O.M. Jkc.

899=)(nrkoteon mdgdomkots `btebo tb mes`ess gbr ckjl bg suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo

hdjkusd pckeotegg mem obt kccdnd rdnestrktebo bg jbpyrenfts jcke`dm.)


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kom geomeon tfkt tfd pckeo ckonuknd bg tfd stktutd gbrdjcbsds jbpyrenft suets wfecd k

jbpyrenft kppcejktebo es pdomeon kom hdgbrd k jdrtegejktd bg rdnestrktebo essuds (br es

mdoedm.));:, >;4 (O.M.

Jkc. ;55=)(geomeon tfkt sujf rdnestrktebo es k auresmejtebokc prdrdquesetd tb k suet gbr

eogreond`dot.).

Ks tfdCbrdd Xbmleojburt bhsdrvdm, tfd Oeotf Jerjuet fks ydt tb essud k jcdkr

rucd bo wfdtfdr tfd rdnestrktebo rdquerd`dot bg Zdjtebo =;;(k) rdquerds k Jdrtegejktd bg

Xdnestrktebo hdgbrd eoetekteon ko eogreond`dot suet. Cbrdd Xbmleo, :;4 G. Zupp. kt

;94>. Eo k jksd mdjemdm eo ;556,Lbmkmdl v. @]W Odtwbrls, Eoj., tfd Oeotf Jerjuet

stktdm1 jbpyrenft rdnestrktebo es obt k prdrdquesetd tb k vkcem jbpyrenft, hut et es k

prdrdquesetd tb k suet hksdm bo k jbpyrenft.Lbmkmdl v. @]W Odtwbrls, Eoj., ;48 G.:m

;895, ;8;; (5tf

Jer. ;556). Eo Ydrgdjt ;9 v. K`kzbo.jb`, Eoj.,mdjemdm eo 899>, tfd

jburt eo rdspbosd tb Nbbncds krnu`dot tfkt tfd jburt ckjldm auresmejtebo bvdr k

prdceèokry eoauojtebo tb tfd dxtdot et dogbrjdm uordnestdrdm jbpyrenfts, tfd jburt

bhsdrvdm eo k gbbtobtd tfkt1

Xdnestrktebo es ndodrkccy k auresmejtebokc prdrdquesetd tb k suet gbr jbpyrenft

eogreond`dot. Zdd;> T.Z.J. =;;Bojd k jburt fks auresmejtebo bvdr ko kjtebo

gbr jbpyrenft eogreond`dot uomdr sdjtebo =;;, tfd jburt `ky nrkot eoauojtevd rdcedgtb rdstrkeo eogreond`dot bg koy jbpyrenft, wfdtfdr rdnestdrdm br

uordnestdrdmHdjkusd kt cdkst sb`d bg tfd Ydrgdjt ;9 e`knds kt essud wdrd

rdnestdrdm,tfd mestrejt jburt mem obt drr eo mdtdrèoeon tfkt et jbucm essud ko brmdr

tfkt jbvdrs uordnestdrdm wbrls. Ydrgdjt ;9 v. K`kzbo.jb`, Eoj., =6> G.:m >9;, >;9,

o. ; (5tf

Jer. 899>)(d`pfksds suppcedm).

]fd e`pcejktebo bg tfdYdrgdjt ;9gbbtobtd es tfkt k jburt ùst gerst jbosemdr wfdtfdr et

fks auresmejtebo uomdr =;; gbr koy bg tfd kccdndmcy eogreondm wbrls hy mdtdrèoeon

wfdtfdr kt cdkst bod bg tfd kccdndmcy eogreondm wbrls es rdnestdrdm. Fdrd, uoceld tfd

setuktebo prdsdotdm eoYdrgdjt ;9, obod bg tfd wbrls kccdndmcy eogreondm krd rdnestdrdm

wbrls.

@brd rdjdotcy, tfd Zdjbom Jerjuet, eo@ujfoejl v. ]fb`psbo, Jbrp., qudstebodm

kom mdjceodm tb gbccbw tfdYdrgdjt ;9rdksboeon tb tfd dxtdot tfkt et sunndstdm tfkt

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ I& :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'D)


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auresmejtebo vdstdm bvdr koyeogreond`dot jcke` sb cbon ks tfdrd wks kt cdkst bod

rdnestdrdm wbrl kt essud. @ujfoejl v. ]fb`psbo Jbrp., 495 G.:m ;;7, ;8: (8om

Jer.

899>)(vkjkteon jckss jdrtegejktebo kom sdttcd`dot kgtdr fbcmeon tfkt tfd mestrejt jburt

ckjldm auresmejtebo bvdr jbpyrenft eogreond`dot jcke`s eo uordnestdrdm jbpyrenfts),

jdrt. nrkotdm eo pkrt hyXddm Dcsdvedr, Eoj. v. @ujfoejl, ;85 Z. Jt. ;48:, >> T.Z.C.^.

:945 (T.Z. @kr. 98, 8995)(OB. 96-;9:)(ceèteon pdtetebo nrkotdm tb tfd gbccbweon

qudstebo1 Mbds ;> T.Z.J. =;;(k) rdstrejt tfd suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo bg tfd gdmdrkc

jburts bvdr jbpyrenft eogreond`dot kjtebos2).

Hdjkusd obod bg tfd gbur @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos kt essud eo tfes jksd krd

rdnestdrdm wbrls, tfd Jburt sfbucm geom tfkt suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo es ckjleon kom

mesèss Yckeoteggs ]ferm Jcke` gbr Xdcedg gbr jbpyrenft eogreond`dot pursukot tb Xucd

;8(h)(;) kom ;> T.Z.J. =;;(k).

H. Yckeoteggs Jcke` Gbr k Mdjckrktebo bg Zbcd Bwodrsfep Eo Dkjf bg tfd

@usejkc Jb`pbsetebos Mbds Obt Kresd Tomdr ]fd Gdmdrkc Jbpyrenft

Kjt kom ]fdrdgbrd Mbds Obt Wdst ]fd Jburt êtf Zuhadjt @kttdr

Auresmejtebo

Eo fdr Gburtf Jcke` gbr Xdcedg, Yckeotegg `bvds gbr mdjckrktbry rdcedg uomdr tfdJbpyrenft Kjt, ;> T.Z.J. ;9; dt sdq. Zpdjegejkccy, Yckeotegg sddls k mdjckrktebo tfkt

sfd es k sbcd bwodr bg kcc renft, tetcd, kom eotdrdst eo kom tb dkjf bg tfd @usejkc

Jb`pbsetebos. Jb`pckeot :> (k). Yckeotegg jbotdoms tfkt tfes Jburt fks suhadjt

`kttdr auresmejtebo uomdr 86 T.Z.J. ;::; kom ;::6(k), wfejf nevd k gdmdrkc jburt

breneokc auresmejtebo bvdr koy jevec kjtebo kreseon uomdr gdmdrkc jbpyrenft ckw.

Jb`pckeot 4. ]fd Oeotf Jerjuet fks fdcm tfkt et es wdcc dstkhcesfdm tfkt aust hdjkusd

k jksd eovbcvds k jbpyrenft mbds obt `dko tfkt gdmdrkc suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo

dxests. Zjfbckstej Dotdrtkeo`dot v. Gbx Dotdrtkeo`dot Nrbup, Eoj., ::7 G. :m 568, 567

(5tf

Jer. 899:)(jeteon tb Wdstrbo v. Fb`d Hbx Bggejd Eoj.,6:5 G.8m ;:69, ;:6; (5tf

Jer.

;566)).

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ I- :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'.(


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êtfbut k vkcem eogreond`dot jcke`, tfd Jburt ùst mdtdrèod eg Yckeoteggs

mdjckrktbry rdcedg jcke` kresds uomdr tfd gdmdrkc Jbpyrenft Kjt. ]b mdtdrèod eg k

jcke` kresds uomdr tfd gdmdrkc Jbpyrenft Kjt, tfd Oeotf Jerjuet fks kmbptdm tfd

`kabrety rucd sdt but eo ].H. Fkr`s Jb. v. Dcesju, ::5 G. :m 68: (8om

Jer. ;57=).

Zjfbckstej, ::7 G. :m kt 567.

]fdFkr`stdst stktds tfkt ko kjtebo kresds uomdr tfd jbpyrenft ckws

(;)Eg kom bocy eg tfd jb`pckeot es gbr k rd`dmy dxprdsscy nrkotdm hy tfd Kjt, d.n., k

suet gbr eogreond`dot br gbr stktutbry rbykcteds gbr rdjbrm rdprbmujtebo br

(8)kssdrts k jcke` rdquereon jbostrujtebo bg tfd Kjt ks eoMdZycvk, br,

(:)kt tfd vdry cdkst kom pdrfkps `brd mbuhtguccy, prdsdots k jksd wfdrd k mesteojtevd

pbcejy bg tfd Kjt rdquerds tfkt gdmdrkc preojepcds sfbucm jbotrbc tfd mespbsetebo bg

tfd jcke`.

].H. Fkr`s, G. :m kt 686.

Eg koy bg tfdsd tfrdd nrbuoms es sktesgedm, tfd gdmdrkc jburts fkvd auresmejtebo. Wdstrbo,

6:5 G.8m kt ;:6;.

]fdFkr`stdst es dssdotekccy k rdetdrktebo bg tfd wdcc-pcdkmdm jb`pckeot rucd

tfkt gdmdrkc auresmejtebo dxests bocy wfdo k gdmdrkc qudstebo es prdsdotdm bo tfd gkjd bgk prbpdrcy pcdkmdm jb`pckeot. Zjfbckstej, ::7 G.:m kt 567.

;. Yckeotegg Fks Obt Ztktdm k Wkcem Jcke` Gbr Eogreond`dot Hdjkusd tfd ^brls Krd

Tordnestdrdm kom Mb Obt @ddt tfd Auresmejtebokc Yrdrdquesetd Tomdr ;> T.Z.J.

=;;(k)

Kt tfd te`d bg tfd jb``dojd`dot bg Yckeoteggs jb`pckeot, Yckeotegg mem obt

pbssdss Jdrtegejktds bg Xdnestrktebo gbr dkjf bg tfd kccdndmcy eogreondm wbrls kom gecdm

tfd eogreond`dot jcke` hksdm bo pdomeon jbpyrenft kppcejktebos. Mbj. :. ]fus,

Yckeotegg jkoobt `ddt tfd gerst pkrt bg tfdFkr`stdst hdjkusd tfd wbrls wdrd

uordnestdrdm kt tfd jb``dojd`dot bg tfd kjtebo kom tfdrdgbrd tfd jburt ckjls suhadjt

`kttdr auresmejtebo tb fdkr fdr eogreond`dot jcke` uomdr ;> T.Z.J. =;;(k). Cbrdd

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ IM :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'.I


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Xbmleo,:;4 G. Zupp. 8m kt ;947(k). Gurtfdr,

Yckeotegg kcsb sddls k mdjckrktebo tfkt tfdrd wks ob wrettdo trkosgdr bg bwodrsfep bg

jbpyrenfts eo kom tb tfd @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos kom tfkt koy jbotrehutebo `kmd hy

Mdgdomkot tb tfd @usejkc Jb`pbsetebos wks md eoeùs. Jb`pckeot :>(h)-(j).

Yckeotegg jkoobt dstkhcesf auresmejtebo uomdr tfd sdjbom prbon bg tfdFkr`stdst

hdjkusd wfdobwodrsfep es tfd sbcd qudstebo gbr jbosemdrktebogdmdrkc jburts \krdP

wetfbut auresmejtebo. Wdstrbo, 6:5 G.8m kt ;:68 (jeteon ]bpbcbs v. Jkcmdwdy, 756 G.8m

55;, 55= (5tf

Jer. ;56:) )< Zdd kcsbGrkolceo v. Jkoobo Gec`s, Eoj., 74= G. Zupp. ;::,

;:=-;:4 (J.M. Jkc. ;56>)(mesèsseon tfd jbpyrenft jcke` gbr ckjl bg auresmejtebo ks obt

kreseon uomdr tfd jbpyrenft ckws kom geomeon tfkt wfdrd tfd jcke` es dssdotekccy gbr k

okldm mdjckrktebo bg bwodrsfep br jbotrkjtukc renfts, auresmejtebo es `bst bgtdo

mdjceodm.)< Zjfbckstej,suprk, ::7 G.:m kt 56: (mesèsseon jbpyrenft eogreond`dot

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ ID :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'.&


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;

8

:

=

4

7

>

6

5

;9

;;

;8

;:

;=

;4

;7

;>

;6

;5

89

8;

88

8:

8=

84

87

8>

86

jcke` kgtdr geomeon ckjl bg suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo hdjkusd qudstebos rdnkrmeon tfd

bwodrsfep bg jbpyrenft krd nbvdrodm hy stktd ckw.).

Gurtfdr, uomdr tfd wdcc-pcdkmdm jb`pckeot rucd, Yckeoteggs kotejepktebo bg

Mdgdomkots mdgdosds tb eogreond`dot jkoobt jrdktd gdmdrkc auresmejtebo. Zdd

Jb`pckeot :>(h)-(j)


17/17

;8

;

8

:

=

4

7

>

6

5

;9

;;

;8

;:

;=

;4

;7

;>

;6

;5

89

8;

88

8:

8=

84

87

8>

86

J. Eg ]fd Jburt Mesèssds Yckeoteggs ]ferm kom Gburtf Jcke`s bo

Auresmejtebokc Nrbuoms, ]fd Jburt Fks Ob Mesjrdtebo tb Fdkr

]fd Ztktd Ckw Jcke`s

Eg tfd Jburt mesèssds Yckeoteggs gdmdrkc jcke`s bo auresmejtebokc nrbuoms, tfd

bocy jcke`s rd`keoeon krd Yckeoteggs stktd ckw jcke`s gbr hrdkjf bg jbotrkjt,

jbovdrsebo, hrdkjf bg gemujekry muty, jb``bo ckw èskpprbprektebo bg tfd renft bg

puhcejety, vebcktebo bg renft bg prevkjy, jbostrujtevd trust, ko kjjbuoteon kom eoauojtevd

rdcedg.

]fd Oeotf Jerjuet fks fdcm tfkt eg k jburt mesèssds gbr ckjl bg suhadjt `kttdr

auresmejtebo, et fks ob mesjrdtebo tb fdkr kom ùst mesèss kcc jcke`s.Fdr`ko Gkècy

Xdvbjkhcd ]rust v. ]dmmy Hdkr, 84= G.:m 698, 694-7 (5tf

Jer. 899;)(mdjckreon tfktsuppcd`dotkc auresmejtebo jkoobt dxest wetfbut breneokc auresmejtebo.) Mesèsskc bo

auresmejtebokc nrbuoms `dkos tfkt tfd jburt wks wetfbut breneokc auresmejtebo kom fkm

ob kutfbrety btfdr tfko tb mdtdrèod ets auresmejtebo. Em. Zdd kcsbFkojbjl Ykrl

Fb`dbwodrs Ksso Dst. ;5=6 v. Fkojbjl Ykrl Fb`d Bwodrs Ksso, 8997 ^C

=4:8567 (J.M. Jkc. 8997)(mesèsseon pckeoteggs stktd ckw jcke`s upbo mdtdrèoeon tfkt

jburt ckjldm suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo tb fdkr Yckeoteggs gdmdrkc jcke` uomdr tfd

Ckofk` Kjt.).

EW. JBOJCTZEBO

Gbr tfd gbrdnbeon rdksbos, Mdgdomkot prkys tfkt tfd Jburt mesèss Yckeoteggs

kjtebo gbr ckjl bg suhadjt `kttdr auresmejtebo.

MK]DM Aucy 89, 8995 Xdspdjtguccy suhèttdm,

Hy1 /s/ @ejfdccd C. Xejd

@EJFDCCD C. XEJD

XBHDX] H. LBXU

CK^ BGGEJDZ BG XBHDX] H. LBXU

Kttbrodys gbr Mdgdomkot

ZK@@U BXE]E

!"#$ &'()*+,*(-)./*999*; 8:+=4$7> / 651$< (30&(0() ?"2$ I3 :K I3 ?"2$ H8 J'.M

motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction

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