moswavlis wigni qartuli ena da literatura
TRANSCRIPT
qarTuli ena
da
literatura
moswavlis wigni
10
, ,meridiani’’
naTela maRlakeliZe, nana RonRaZe, Taia cxadaia, Tamar RonRaZe, darejan kvanWiani
moswavlis wigni
qarTuli enada
literatura
10
Taia cxadaia, darejan kvanWiani, nana kucia,Tamar RonRaZe, naTela maRlakeliZe, nana RonRaZe
gamomcemloba `meridiani~Tbilisi 2012
qarTuli ena da literatura
X klasi
moswavlis wigni
© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012
© T. cxadaia, d. kvanWiani, n. kucia, T. RonRaZe, n. maRlakeliZe, n. RonRaZe
Taia cxadaia, darejan kvanWiani, nana kucia,Tamar RonRaZe, naTela maRlakeliZe, nana RonRaZe
avtorebi:
nino Toduaredaqtori
daviT kutubiZedizaineri
T. Tskhadaia, D. Kvanchiani, N. Kutsia, T. Ghonghadze, N. Maglakelidze, N. Ghonghadze „Georgian language and literature~, textbook grade 10, in Georgian „Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012
ISBN
gamomcemloba `meridiani~,
Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 2 30-96-14; 2 14-77-11
599 541 707 kaxaber rusiZe
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
5
sarCevi
iakob xucesi _ SuSanikis wameba ................................................................................................. 10
ana kalandaZe _ rai ginebs ............................................................................................................ 58
iovane sabanisZe _ abos wameba ................................................................................................... 62
SoTa niSnianiZe _ habo anu ferflis legenda .................................................................. 115
giorgi merCule _ grigol xanZTelis cxovreba .............................................................. 119
dali idliani _ javaxeTs midis xanZTeli ........................................................................... 191
daviT winaswarmetyveli _ 50-e fsalmuni ......................................................................... 194
ioane minCxi _ sagalobeli ........................................................................................................... 198
SoTa rusTaveli _ vefxistyaosani ......................................................................................... 203
dante aligieri _ RvTaebrivi komedia .................................................................................. 248
sulxan-saba orbeliani _ sibrZne sicruisa ..................................................................... 254
ezope _ igavebi ..................................................................................................................................... 277
murman lebaniZe _ saba .................................................................................................................... 280
daviT guramiSvili _ `daviTiani~ ........................................................................................... 283
vaJa-fSavela _ daviT guramiSvilis xsovnas ..................................................................... 358
fransua viioni _ `didi anderZi~ ............................................................................................. 360
6
am rubrikaSi gaecnobiT Seswavlil masalasTan dakavSirebul damatebiT in-formacias.
es pirobiTi niSani gulisxmobs samsjelo da gasaanalizebel davalebebs.
es simbolo miganiSnebT, rom damoukideblad SeadginoT (SeTxzaT) werilobiTi teqsti.
am simboloTi aRniSnulia `sadiskusio klubi~, romlis mizania, iswavloT mosazrebebis gamoTqma da argumentireba.
pirobiTi niSnebi:
wigniT muSaobisas yuradReba miaqcieT Semdeg pirobiT niSnebs:
am pirobiTi niSniT mocemulia sxvadasxva tipis kiTxvebi, romlebic da-lagebulia TanmimdevrobiT da dagexmarebaT wakiTxuli teqstis gaazrebaSi.
am pirobiTi niSniT gamovitaneT mxatvruli xerxebi da saSualebebi, zoga-dad, literaturis Teoriis sakiTxebi, romlebic dagexmarebaT teqstis mxatvrul gaanalizebaSi.
am pirobiTi niSniT gamovitaneT sakiTxebi, romlebic dagexmarebaT weriTi da sajaro gamosvlebis unar-Cvevebis CamoyalibebaSi. xels SegiwyobT logikuri da argumentirebuli msjelobis unaris ganviTarebaSi.
es rubrika miznad isaxavs teqstis enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT mxa reze dak-virvebas.
es sainteresoa:
am rubrikiT gaecnobiT amonaridebs cnobili kritikosebis naazrevidan.
gavigoT, gaviazroT, SevafasoT:
teqstis mxatvruli analizisTvis:
davaleba
Tvalsazrisi
werisa da metyvelebis kultura:
enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:
7
Zveli qarTulimwerloba
Zveli qarTuli mwerloba oTx periodad iyofa: 1. adrindeli feodalizmis xanis (adreuli Sua saukuneebis) mwerloba _ dRidan qarTuli mwerlobis da-wyebisa X s-is 80-ian wlebamde; 2. ganviTarebuli, anu patronymuri, feodal-izmis xanis mwerloba _ X s-is 80-iani wlebidan XIII s-is naxevramde; 3. feoda-luri monarqiis dacemis xana _ XIII s-is naxevridan XVI s-is damdegamde; 4. gvi-andeli (batonymuri) feodalizmis xanis mwerloba (aRorZinebis xana) _ XVI s-is damdegidan XIX s-is 30-ian wlebamde (k. kekeliZis mixedviT).
I periodi _ sasuliero mwerloba
adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli literatura sasuliero xasiaTisaa.sasuliero mwerlobis Janrebia: hagiografia, homiletika (qadageba), himno-
grafia (sagalobeli, qeba) da sxv.hagiografia _ sasuliero proza. termini berZnulia (`hagios~ _ wmindani,
`grafo~ _ wera, aRwera) da aRniSnavs `wmindanis cxovrebis aRweras~.hagiografiaSi aRwerilia qristian wmindanTa cxovreba-moRvaweobis ambavi
an maTi mowamebrivi aRsasruli. Sinaarsobrivad ganasxvaveben hagiografiis or ZiriTad qveJanrs: 1. wamebas (martvilobas);2. cxovreba-moqalaqeobas.rogorc mxatvruli Janri, hagiografia aRmocenda romis imperiaSi, saida-
nac mTel qristianul samyaroSi gavrcelda. pirveli nimuSebi IV s-dan gvxvdeba. qarTuli literatura mdidaria hagiografiis rogorc Targmnili, aseve
originaluri nimuSebiT. Targmanebi Sesrulebulia berZnuli, asuruli, arabu-li, somxuri enebidan.
`SuSanikis wamebaze~ adreul Zeglebs Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. originalur qarTul hagiografiul TxzulebaTa mizani, ZiriTadad, dam-
pyro belTa religiebis winaaRmdeg qarTvel wmindanTa mimarTuli Zalisxmevis warmoCena iyo, rac Cveni eris istoriis specifikidan gamomdinareobs. hagi-ografia idealad ganRmrTobisken mswraf, miwier vnebebze gamarjvebul gmirs warmoaCens. qarTul sinamdvileSi hagiografiuli gmiris cnebas ukavSirdeba rogorc sarwmunoebrivi, ise erovnuli idealebi. qristianobis Ralati hagi-ografiul teqstebSi mamulis Ralatadaa moazrebuli. qarTulma hagiografiam saTave daudo erovnuli da kulturuli TviTmyofobisaTvis brZolis nakads.
qarTul enaze Seqmnili da Targmnilia sasuliero mwerlobis yvela Janris nawarmoebi.
8
iakob xucesi - SuSanikis wameba
istoriuli foni.`SuSanikis wameba~ V s-is II naxevarSi (476-482 ww.) daiwera. iakob xucesi aR-
wers Tavis epoqas, Tanamedrove saqarTvelos, konkretulad, qarTls, ̀ qveyanasa mas hereTisasa~.
curtavi qarTlis pitiaxSTa rezidencia iyo. pitiaxSi, saxelmwifos did-moxele, ZalauflebiT mxolod xelmwifes Camouvardeboda.
V s-Si sparseTi intensiurad cdilobda aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gaba-tonebas, risTvisac, upirvelesad, qristianobis aRmofxvrasa da mazdeanobis gavrcelebas isaxavda miznad. eZebda sparseTi `qvegamxedvarT~ (moRalateT), romelTa ZalisxmeviTac cixes iolad gatexda Signidan.
swored amgvari `qvegamxedvari~ aRmoCnda hereTis (qarTlis) pitiaxSi _ var-sqen arSuSas Ze, romelic sparseTis mefes, perozs, eaxla da sakuTari nebiT daTmo qriatianoba.
qarTlis gamazdeanebis politikas irani adrec axorcielebda. jer kidev Sahma iezdigerd II-m TavisTan ixmo amierkavkasiis xelisufalni: qarTlidan _ arSuSa (varsqenis mama), somxeTidan _ vardan spaspeti (SuSanikis mama), alba-neTidan _ mTavari, romlis saxelic matianes ar Semounaxavs. iranis xelmwifem maTgan gamazdeaneba moiTxova. mTavarni iZulebulni gaxdnen, damorCilebodnen Sahis brZanebas, raTa kavkasia iranis samxedro eqspansiisagan (dapyrobisgan) exsnaT.
arSuSas SuSanikiseuli Sefasebidan naTlad Cans, rom dedofali ar kicxavs mamamTils, romelmac mazdeanoba mxolod Sahis Tvalis asaxvevad miiRo, guliT ki WeSmarit qristianad darCa, varsqens ki `arca Wiri exilva, arca SiSi, arca max¢li, arca pyrobileba¡ qristHsTKs~. miT ufro sazareli da miutevebelia misi gamazdeaneba.
teqstSi ar aris naxsenebi qarTlis mefe _ vaxtang gorgasali. ratom ar Caeria mefe konfliqtSi? ratom ar daicva dedofali? `SuSanikis wameba~ amis Sesaxeb dums, magram `qarTlis cxovrebidan~ irkveva, rom vaxtangi am dros ar imyofeboda saqarTveloSi (Cans, swored amiT isargebla varsqenma da Tavisi Zalauflebis gamyareba moiwadina sparseTis SahTan damoyvrebiTa da Sahisave mxardaWeriT).
pirveli, rac vaxtangma saqarTveloSi dabrunebisTanave moimoqmeda, iyo is, rom moakvlevina moRalate pitiaxSi.
`SuSanikis wameba~ Zvirfasi istoriul-literaturuli wyaroa qveynis Si-dapolitikuri viTarebis Sesaswavladac. V s-is II naxevrisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTvelo _ `sofeli qarTlisa¡~ _ politikurad absoluturad Camoyalibe-buli saxelmwifoa Tavisi saero da sasuliero xelisuflebiT.
ierarqia saero xelisuflebisa mkacradaa gansazRvruli _ qveyanaSi arsebo-ben ̀ aznaurni did-didni (didebulebi, mTavrebi) da zepurni dedani (didgvarova-ni qalbatonebi, banovanni), aznaurni (privilegirebuli fenis warmomadgenlebi) da uaznoni (uufleboni, dabali socialuri fenis warmomadgenlebi)~.
mkacradaa gansazRvruli sasuliero xelisuflebis ierarqiac: episkopose-bi, mRvdlebi (iakob xucesi; vinme xucesi), diakvnebi.
aRsaniSnavia samwerlobo kultura: qarTul enaze Targmnilia saxareba,
9
teqstis Sesaxeb
avtori.iakob xucesis Sesaxeb cnobebs vigebT misive Txzulebidan. is ara marto
avtori, aramed erT-erTi mTavari personaJia nawarmoebisa. `SuSanikis wameba-Si~ Cans, rom igi pitiaxSis sasaxlis mRvdelia da SuSanikis moZRvari, momswre da TviTmxilveli im ambebisa, romlebsac aRwers. saxeli iakobic Txzulebam Semogvinaxa. ar viciT, hqonda Tu ara mas sxva nawarmoebi. TxzulebaSi igi Su-Sanikis Sesaxeb ambobs: ̀ moSiSi RmrTisaY, viTarca-igi vTquT, siyrmiTgan TKsiT~. radganac Cvenamde moRweul `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ dedoflis bavSvobaze araferi weria, Cans, xucess es periodi sxvagan aqvs aRwerili _ an SesavalSi, romelic Camoscilda nawarmoebs da daikarga, an, SesaZloa, sxva TxzulebaSi. `SuSanikis wamebis~ maRali mxatvruli done gvafiqrebinebs, rom es iakob xucesis pirveli nawarmoebi ar iqneboda.
506 w-is dvinis krebis episkoposTa ricxvSi dasaxelebulia curtavis episkoposi iakobi. mkvlevrebi fiqroben, rom es iakobi da `SuSanikis wamebis~ avtori erTi da igive pirovneba unda iyos, radgan sruliad bunebrivia, av-toritetul mRvdels garkveuli drois mere episkoposis xarisxic mieRo.
Txzulebis daweris dro.SuSanikis wamebis dro Txzulebaze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vivaraudoT.
teqstSi weria, rom varsqeni sparseTis Sahis (perozis) gamefebis merve wels wavida. perozi 459 w-s gamefda. gamodis, varsqeni iranSi 467 w-s wasula. ira-nidan dabrunebulma varsqenma 8 ianvars, oTxSabaTs, awama dedofali. 467 w-is maxloblobaSi 8 ianvari 469 w-s uwevda. meored pitiaxSma dedofali imave wels, aRdgomis meore dRes (14 aprils), awama da cixeSi Casva. SuSaniki 6 weli imy-ofeboda cixeSi da aResrula 475 w-is 17 oqtombers (469 + 6 = 475). faqtia, rom Txzuleba dedoflis gardacvalebis Semdeg daiwera. amdenad, mkvlevrebi Txzulebis Seqmnis pirvel TariRad 476 wels miiCneven. unda vifiqroT, rom nawarmoebi varsqenis sikvdilamde daiwera. igi vaxtang gorgasalma sikvdiliT dasaja 482 w-s. am faqts TxzulebaSi iakobi uTuod aRniSnavda, rogorc uflis-gan mizRveul samagieros. ase rom, `SuSanikis wameba~ dawerili unda iyos 476-482 ww-Si, SuSanikis gardacvalebidan varsqenis sikvdilamde.
teqstis Tavdapirvel variants Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. uZvelesi xelnaweri (daculia parxlis mravalTavSi) X s-isaa.
fsalmunebi, mowameTa Rvawlis amsaxveli wignebi. iqmneba originaluri Txzule-bebi.
qarTli Camoyalibebuli feodaluri saxelmwifoa.
10
`uliteraturod darCenili xalxi upatronod darCenili bavSviviTaa da yvelas SeuZlia misi abuCad agdeba. qarTveli xalxi qarTul mwerlobasTan erTad izrdeboda, gnebavT, misi zemoqmedebiT werda Tavis sulier konstitucias da amitomac idga miwaze myarad~.
oTar WilaZe
`hagiografiis mizania, dagvafiqros sulze, imaze, rac ukvdavia adamianSi, vicxovroT ise, rom vcxondeT. hagiografia qmnis iseT sivrces, romelmac Tavisi zemoqmedebis sferoSi unda moaqcios adamiani, daamyaros mis sulTan emociuri mimarTeba, gaaRviZos masSi yvelaze adamianuri, daafiqros imaze, Tu vin aris da ratom aris~.
revaz siraZe
I (1) da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli wmidisa da sanatrelisa SuSanikisi.
iyo mervesa welsa sparsTa mefisasa*.karad samefod* waremarTa varsqen pitiaxSi*, ZH arSuSaYsi*. rameTu pir-
vel igica iyo qristiane, naSobi mamisa da dedisa qristianeTaY, da colad misa iyo asuli vardanisi*, somexTa spaYpetisaY, romlisaTKs-ese mivwere Tquenda, mamisagan saxeliT vardan, da siyuaruliT saxeli misi SuSanik*, moSiSi RmrTi-saY, viTarca-igi vTquT, siyrmiTgan TKsiT. da ukeTurebisa mis saxisa qmrisa misisaYsa maradis guls-ety¢n da evedrebin yovelTave locvis-yofad misTKs, raYTamca cvala igi RmerTman saxisa misgan ugunurebisa da iqmnamca gonierebasa qristHssa.
aw _ axla.damtkicebulad _ danamdvilebiT (namdvilad), WeSmaritad.giTxra Tquen _ mogiTxrobT.aRsasruli _ gardacvaleba.iyo mervesa welsa sparsTa mefisasa _ es moxda sparsTa mefis gamefebidan me-8
wels.karad samefod waremarTa _ samefo karze mivida.pitiaxSi _ erisTavi, qveynis garkveuli nawilis mmarTveli.pirvel _ adre, Tavdapirvelad.naSobi _ Svili.spaYpeti _ spaspeti, mxedarTmTavari.romlisaTKsese _ romlis Sesaxebac.mamisagan saxeliT vardan _ mamis mier vardanad wodebuli.siyuaruliT saxeli misi SuSanik _ moferebiT SuSaniks uwodebdnen.
iakob xucesi
SuSanikis wameba(wamebaY wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisaY)
11
viTarcaigi vTquT _ rogorc vTqviT.siyrmiTgan TKsiT _ Tavisi bavSvobidanve.ukeTureba _ boroteba, siave, mzakvroba.saxe qmrisa misisa _ misi qmris buneba.maradis _ mudam.gulsetyKn _ fiqrobda xolme.ukeTurebisa mis saxisa qmrisa misisaYsa maradis gulsetyKn _ Tavisi qmris boro-
ti bunebis gamo mudam sagonebelSi iyo.evedrebin yovelTave locvisyofad misTKs _ yvelas evedreboda, rom elocaT
misTvis.raYTamca cvala igi RmerTman saxisa misgan ugunrebisa da iqmnamca gonierebasa
qristHssa _ rom Seecvala RmerTs (varsqenis) ugunuri buneba da qristianuli cno-biereba dahbruneboda, kvlav qriste eRiarebina.
I (2) xolo amis ubadrukisa da samgzis sawyalobelisa varsqenisi viTar-me vin Tquas, yovlad ganwirulisaY, viTar-igi ganagdo sanatreli sasoebaY qristHsi?! anu vin ara stirodis mas, romelsa arca Wiri exilva, arca SiSi, arca maxKli, arca pyrobilebaY qristHsTKs?!
rameTu raJams wardga igi winaSe sparsTa mefisa ara Tu pativisa moRebi-saTKs, armed ZRunad Tavsa TKssa Seswirvida mefisa mis mimarT uvaris-yofiTa WeSmaritisa RmrTisaYTa da Tayuanis-scemda cecxlsa*, rameTu yovliT kerZove Tavi TKsi qristHsgan ganagdo.
ubadruki _ ubeduri, sacodavi, sabralo.sawyalobeli _ Sesawyale beli.viTarme vin Tquas _ rogor Tqvas vinmem, vin unda Tqvas.yovlad ganwiruli _ sruliad ganwiruli.viTarigi _ rogor.ganagdo _ aq: uaryo, uRalata.stirodis mas _ tirodes mas.Wiri _ gasaWiri.arca Wiri exilva _ arc gasaWiri enaxa.pyrobilebaY _ patimroba.pativi _ dideba, wodeba.pativisa moReba _ Tanamdebobis miReba.ZRvnad Tavsa TKssa Seswirvida mefisa mis mimarT _ mefes srul morCilebas
aRuTqvamda.Tayuanisscemda cecxlsa _ eTayvaneboda, aRiarebda cecxlTayvanismcem-
lobas. yovliT kerZove _ yovelmxriv, mTlianad, sruliad.
I (3) xolo sawyalobeli ese colsa iTxovda sparsTa mefisagan, raYTamca saTno-eyo mefesa, da esreT etyoda, viTarmed:
_ romeli-igi bunebiTi coli ars da Svilni, iginica esreve movaqcine Sensa Sjulsa, viTarca-ese me.
12
amas uqadebda, romel-igi ara aqunda PelTa SuSanikisagan. maSin ganixara mefeman da brZana colad misa asuli mefisaY.
raiTamca saTnoeyo _ rom moswoneboda.viTarmed _ rom.romeliigi _ romelic.bunebiTi _ kanonieri.iginica ... movaqcine Sensa Sjulsa _ maTac movaqcev Sens rjulze.viTarcaese _ rogorc.uqadebda _ hpirdeboda, aRuTqvamda.romeli igi ara aqunda PelTa SuSanikisagan _ ris Tanxmobac SuSanikisagan ar
hqonda.
II (1) da ijmna mefisagan sparsTaYsa pitiaxSman.da viTarca moiwia igi sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa*, queyanasa mas hereTisasa*,
zraxva-yo, raYTa auwyos da wina miegebnen mas aznaurni, da misni Zeni, da msax-urni misni, raYTa maT gamo viTarca erTguli soflad Sevides. da warmohmarTa sadiaspanoYTa cxeniTa monaY TKsi, viTarmca movida dabasa, romelsa saxeli hrqKan curtav*.
ijmna _ gamoeTxova, gamoemSvidoba, wavida.moiwia _ movida.zraxvayo _ ganizraxa.raYTa auwyos _ rom gaagebinos, Seatyobinos.wina miegebnen _ Seegebon, Sexvdnen.aznauri _ aq: maRali socialuri fenis warmomadgeneli.raYTa maT gamo viTarca erTguli soflad Sevides _ raTa maTi meSveobiT ro-
gorc erTguli dabrundes qveyanaSi.warmohmarTa _ gamogzavna, moavlina.sadiaspano _ sadespano, saSikriko.daba _ dasaxlebuli adgili, didi sofeli.
II (2) da viTarca moiwia da Sevida winaSe SuSanikisa, dedoflisa Cuenisa, kiTxvaY hrqua. xolo sanatrelman SuSanik viTarca winaYswarmetyuelman hrqua:
_ ukueTu suliTa cxovel ars igi, cocxalmca xarT igica da Senca. ukueTu suliTa momkudar xarT, mokiTxavaY ege Seni Sendave moiqecin!
viTarca moiwia _ roca movida.Sevida winaSe SuSanikisa, dedoflisa Cuenisa _ Sevida SuSanikTan, Cvens de-
dofalTan.kiTxvaY hrqua _ moikiTxa.hrqua _ uTxra.ukueTu _ Tu.ukueTu suliTa cxovel ars _ Tu sulierad cocxalia. igulisxmeba: Tu
qristes rjulisTvis ar uRalatia.cocxalmca xarT _ cocxali iyaviT, icocxleT.ukueTu suliTa momkudar xarT _ Tu suli waiwymideT, Tu ganudeqiT qristes
rjuls.
13
mokiTxvaY ege Seni Sendave moiqecin _ eg Seni mokiTxva Senve dagibrundes, Senve gqondes.
II (3) xolo kacman man ver ikadra sityuad misa. xolo wmidaY SuSanik afucebda da hkiTxvida damtkicebulad. xolo kacman uTxra marTali da hrqua, viTarmed:
_ varsqen uvar-yo WeSmariti RmerTi.
ver ikadra sityuad misa _ ver gabeda, misTvis eTqva.afucebda _ aficebda.hkiTxvida damtkicebulad _ daJinebiT, CaZiebiT ekiTxeboda. viTarmed _ rom.
II (4) viTarca esma netarsa SuSaniks, davarda igi queyanasa zeda da Tavsa damarT scemda da cremliTa mwariTa ityoda:
_ sawyalobel iqmna ubadruki varsqen, rameTu uvaryo WeSmariti RmerTi da aRiara atroSani* da SeerTo igi uRmrToTa.
queyana _ miwa.damarT _ dabla, Zirs.cremliTa mwariTa ityoda _ tiriliT ambobda.atroSani _ cecxlTayvanismcemloba.SeerTo igi uRmrToTa _ SeuerTda uRmerToebs, urjuloebs.
II (5) da aRdga da dauteva taZari TKsi da RmrTis moSiSebiT eklesiad Sevida, da Tana miiyvanna samni igi Zeni misni da erTi asuli, da waradginna igini winaSe sakurTxevelsa, da esreT ilocvida da ityoda:
_ ufalo RmerTo, Senni mocemulni arian da Sen daicven eseni, ganaTlebul-ni wmidisagan embazisa, madliTa sulisa wmidisaYTa, yofad erT samwyso erTisa mwyemsisa, uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesa!
dauteva _ datova.taZari _ aq: sasaxle.Tana miiyvanna _ miiyvana.waradgina igini winaSe sakurTxevelsa _ daayena isini sakurTxevlis win. sakurTxeveli _ samsxverplo, eklesiis nawili, sadac sruldeba RvTismsax-
urebis rituali.esreT ilocvida _ ase loculobda.Sen daicven eseni _ Sen daicavi eseni.ganaTlebuli _ monaTluli.embazi _ WurWeli, romelSic naTlaven.samwyso _ mrevli. yofad erT samwyso erTisa mwyemsisa _ rom iqnen erTi mwyemsis (qristes) mtki-
ce morwmuneebi.
14
II (3) da viTarca mwuxrisa Jami aRasrules, saxlaki erTi mcire pova maxlob-elad eklesiasa da Sevida mun Sina simwariTa savsH da mieyrdna yuresa erTsa da mwariTa cremliTa tiroda.
viTarca mwuxrisa Jami aRasrules _ rodesac saRamos locva (mwuxri) aRav-lines, daamTavres.
mun Sina _ masSi.simwariTa savsH _ dardiT savse, damwuxrebuli.mieyrdna yuresa erTsa _ kuTxeSi gaCerda, kuTxes mieyrdno.
III (1) xolo episkoposi igi saxlisa mis pitiaxSisaY, romelsa saxeli erqua afoc, ara mun iyo, aramed kacisa visame wmidisa* vanad misrul iyo kiTxvad raY-sme sityKsa. da meca, xucesi dedoflisa SuSanikisi, Tana vhyvandi episkopossa mas. da myis moiwia Cuenda diakoni SinaYT da gviTxra Cuen ese yoveli: moslvaY pitiaxSisaY da saqmeni dedoflisani. xolo Cuen aRvivseniT mwuxarebiTa da did-iTa tiriliTa vtirodeT ganmwarebulni codvaTa CuenTa warmoCinebisaTKs*.
episkoposi (berZn. zedamxedveli) _ maRali saeklesio xarisxis mqone piri.episkoposi igi saxlisa mis pitiaxSisaY _ sapitiaxSos episkoposi.ara mun iyo _ iq ar iyo.vani _ saxli.kacisa visame wmidisa vanad misrul iyo kiTxvad raYsme sityvisa _ erT wminda
kacTan iyo wasuli raRacis sakiTxavad.xucesi _ mRvdeli.Tana vhyvandi _ wayvanili vyavdi, Tan vaxldi.myis _ maSinve, maleve, swrafad.moiwia Cuenda _ movida CvenTan.diakoni _ diakvani, mRvdelze dabla mdgomi saeklesio piri.SinaYT _ Sinidan. aRvivseniT mwuxarebiTa _ didad davmwuxrdiT.vtirodeT _ vtirodiT.warmoCineba _ gamoCena; gancxadeba.codvaTa CuenTa warmoCinebisaTKs _ Cveni codvebis gamovlenis, warmoCenis
gamo.
III (2) xolo me vijmen adre da miviwie dabasa mas, romelsa iyo netari SuSanik. da viTarca vixile igi ganmwarebuli, meca vtirode mis Tanave da varqu netarsa SuSaniks:
_ Ruawlsa didsa Seslvad xar, dedofalo. ekrZale sarwmunoebasa qristHs-sa, nuukue mterman, viTarca srsKlman, saZovari poos Sen Tana.
vijmen adre _ male, maSinve wamovedi, daveTxove.viTarca _ rogorc ki.meca vtirode mis Tanave _ mec vtirodi masTan erTad.Ruawli _ didi Sroma, mZime saqme, gansacdeli.Ruawlsa didsa Seslvad xar _ didi, mZime gansacdeli mogelis.ekrZale _ gaufrTxildi, daicavi.ekrZale sarwmunoebasa qristHssa _ gaufrTxildi qristes sarwmunoebas.
15
nuukue _ vaiTu.mteri _ RvTis mteri, eSmaki.sirsvili _ sirsveli (kanis daavadebaa).saZovari poos _ sazrdo naxos, ixeiros.nuukue mterman, viTarca srsKlman, saZovari poos Sen Tana _ vaiTu, qris-
tianoba uaryo (vaiTu, eSmakma SenSiac naxos sazrdo, Senc gacdunos).
III (3) xolo wmidaman SuSanik mrqua me:_ xuces, da meca didsa Ruawlsa ganmzadebul var. da me varqu mas:_ egrHT ars. mPne iyav, moTmine da sulgrZel! xolo man mrqua me:_ Cemda martoYsa arian Wirni ese.xolo me varqu mas:_ Wiri Seni Wiri Cueni ars da sixaruli Seni sixaruli Cueni ars. Cueni
ara xolo Tu dedofali oden iyav, aramed Cuen yovelTa, viTarca SvilTa, guxedevd.
xuces _ xuceso, moZRvaro.didsa Ruawlsa ganmzadebul var _ didi gansacdelisaTvis, RvawlisaTvis
mzada var.egrHT ars _ egre aris, asea.moTmine _ tanjvis damTmeni, amtani.Cemda martoYsa _ mxolod CemTvis.Wiri _ gaWirveba, gansacdeli.Cemda martoYsa arian Wirni ese _ mxolod Cemi gadasatania es gansacdeli,
martodmarto var am gansacdelis pirispir.Cueni ara xolo Tu dedofali oden iyav _ Cveni mxolod dedofali ki ar iyavi. guxedevd _ gvxedavdi. aq: gvivlidi, gvpatronobdi.
III (4) da varqu me sanatrelsa mas: _ xuaSiadad-re viTar gegulebis, miTxar me, raYTa uwyodi da aRvwero Sro-
maY Seni.xolo man mrqua me:_ raYsa mkiTxav amas?da me miuge da varqu mas:_ mtkiced sdgaa?da man mrqua me:_ nu iyofin Cemda, Tumca veziare saqmeTa da codvaTa varsqenisTa! me miuge da varqu mas:_ mware gonebaY aqus mas, guemasa da tanjvasa didsa Segagdos Sen.xolo man mrqua me:_ umjobHs ars Cemda PelTa misTagan sikudili, vidre Cemi da misi SekrebaY
da warwymedaY sulisa CemisaY; rameTu masmies me pavlHs mociqulisagan: `ara damonebul ars ZmaY gina daY, aramed ganeyenen~*.
da me vTqu:_ egreT ars.
16
xuaSiadadre _ saidumlod, dafarulad.viTar gegulebis _ rasac fiqrob, rac gulSi gaqvs, rasac apireb.re (nawlaki) _ msgavsad, viT, odnav, mcired.miTxar _ miambe.raYTa uwyodi _ rom vicode.raisa mkiTxav _ risTvis mekiTxebi.mtkiced sdgaa _ mtkiced dgaxar? mtkiced gwams?nu iyofin Cemda _ nu damemarTeba! RmerTma nu qnas!Tumca veziare _ rom veziaro, rom SevuerTde.mware _ aq: boroti.goneba _ buneba; zraxva, ganzraxva.mware gonebaY aqus mas _ boroti buneba aqvs; boroti ganzraxva aqvs.guema _ tanjva, cema.guemasa da tanjvasa Segagdos _ gcems da tanjvas mogayenebs, gagtanjavs.umjobHs ars Cemda xelTa misTagan sikudili _ umjobesia misi xeliT movkvde.SekrebaY _ SeerTeba.Cemi da misi SekrebaY _ Cveni (Cemi da misi) SekavSireba, SeTanxmeba.masmies _ msmenia, gamigonia.ZmaY gina daY _ qristianuli mrevlis wevri mamakaci an qali. ganeyenen _ gaSordes, ganeSoros, gascildes, ganudges.
III (5) da vidre Cuen amas sityuasa Sina viyveniT, kaci erTi sparsi movida da Sevida igi winaSe netarisa SuSanikisa da tiriliT ityoda:
_ eseviTari saxli mSKdobisaY viTar sawyalobel iqmna da sixaruli mwuxare-bad gardaiqca!
xolo zraxviTa iyo igi varsqenisiTa da zakuviT ityoda amas da unda mona-direbaY netarisaY mis. xolo wmidaman man cna zakuviTi igi zraxvaY misi da moiz-Ruda Tavi misi mtkiced.
vidre amas sityuasa Sina viyveniT _ vidre am saubarSi viyaviT, amis Sesaxeb rom vsaubrobdiT.
kaci erTi sparsi _ vinme sparsi.saxli mSvidobisaY _ wynari ojaxi.eseviTari saxli mSvidobisaY _ saxli, romelSic mSvidoba sufevda.viTar sawyalobel iqmna _ rogor Sesabralisi gaxda.zraxviTa iyo igi varsqenisiTa _ varsqenis Tanamoazre, Tanamzraxveli iyo.zakuviT ityoda _ mzakvrobiT, mosatyueblad ambobda.unda monadirebaY netarisaY mis _ undoda netaris (SuSanikis) gulis
molboba.cna _ gaigo, mixvda.cna zakuviTi igi ganzraxvaY _ miuxvda mzakvrul ganzraxvas.moizRuda Tavi misi mtkiced _ Tavi daicva, Tavi Sors daiWira.
IV (1) da Semdgomad samisa dRisa movida varsqen pitiaxSi. da uTxra sparsman man farulad da hrqua:
_ me viTar micnobies, coli Seni gandgomil ars Sengan. da me getyK Sen: nu
17
ras ficxelsa sityuasa etyK mas, rameTu dedaTa bunebaY iwro ars.da xvalisa dRH viTar aRdga pitiaxSi, gKwoda Cuen, xucesTa, da mivediT. da
sixaruliT SegKmTxKvna da gurqua Cuen: _ aw nuras meridebiT me da nucaRa gZag.da Cuen miugeT da varquT: warswymide Tavi Seni da Cuenca warguwymiden.
farulad _ saidumlod, Cumad.viTar micnobies _ rogorc Semityvia, rogorc SeminiSnavs.getyvi _ geubnebi.ficxeli _ sastiki, mrisxane.nuras ficxelsa sityuasa etyK mas _ mkacrad nurafers etyvi.dedaTa bunebaY iwro ars _ qali bunebiT saTuTia, nazia.xvalisa dRH _ meore dRes.viTar _ rogorc ki.gKwoda _ dagviZaxa, dagvibara, gvixmo.sixaruliT SegKmTxKvna _ sixaruliT Segvxvda.gurqua _ gviTxra.nucaRa gZag _ nurc gZulvarT, nu gejavrebiT, nu momeridebiT.warwymide Tavi Seni _ Tavi daiRupe.Cuenca warguwymiden _ Cvenc dagvRupe, dagvaqcie, dagvamxe.
IV (2) maSinRa iwyo sityuad da Tqua:_ raYsa Pel-iwifa Cem zeda colman Cemman eseviTarisa saqmed? aw mivediT da
arquT, viTarmed: Sen Cemi xati daamPu, da sagebelsa Cemsa nacari gardaasx, da Seni adgili dagitevebies da sxuad warsrul xar.
maSinRa iwyo sityuad _ maSin ki daiwyo laparaki, alaparakda, xma amoiRo.raYsa _ rogor, ratom.xeliwifa _ gabeda.raYsa Peliwifa Cemzeda colman Cemman eseviTarisa saqmed? _ ra ufleba
hqonda Cems cols, ase momqceoda, aseTi ram Caedina?aw mivediT da arquT _ axla midiT da uTxariT.xati _ aq: kera, ojaxis Rirseba.daamPu _ daamxe, daaqcie.sareceli _ sagebeli, sawoli.Sen Cemi xati daamPu, da sagebelsa Cemsa nacari gardaasx _ Sen Cemi meuRleoba
uaryavi da Cems sarecels nacari gadaayare, Cemi sareceli Seuracxyavi.Seni adgili dagitevebies _ Seni adgili dagitovebia.sxuad warsrul xar _ sxvagan wasulxar.
IV (3) xolo wmidaman SuSanik Tqua:_ ara Tu me aRmemarTa xati igi? da memca davamPu! xolo mamaman Senman aRh-
marTna samartKleni da eklesiani aRaSenna da Sen mamisa Senisa saqmeni ganhr-yunen da sxuad gardaaqcien keTilni misni; maman Senman wmidani Semoixuna saxid TKsa, xolo Sen devni* Semoixuen, man RmerTi caTaY* da queyanisaY aRiara da hrwmena, xolo Sen RmerTi WeSmariti uvar-hyav da cecxlsa Tayuanis-ec. da vi-Tarca Sen Semoqmedi Seni uvar-hyav, egreca me Sen Seuracx-gyav. da Tu mravali tanjvaY moawio Cem zeda, me ara veziaro saqmeTa SenTa.
18
xolo Cuen ese yoveli miuTxarT pitixSsa. xolo man ganiwyo guli da ibrdRuenda misTKs.
ara Tu me aRmemarTa xati igi? da memca davamPu! _ gana me ar aRvmarTe is xati? meve davamxob. igulisxmeba: me Sevqmeni SenTan ojaxi da meve davangrev mas.
samartKle _ martvilTa saxelze agebuli samlocvelo.martKli _ qristianuli sarwmunoebisaTvis wamebuli, tanjuli.eklesiani aRaSenna _ aaSena eklesiebi.saqmeni ganhryunen _ saqmeebi, namoqmedari waaxdine.sxuad gardaaqcien keTilni misni _ Secvale, uaryavi misi keTili saqmeebi.wmidani Semoixuna saxid Tvisa _ wmindanebi Semoiyvana Tavis saxlSi. aq:
siwminde Semoitana.devni Semoixuen _ eSmakebi Semoiyvane. aq: uwmindureba Semoitane.hrwmena _ irwmuna.cecxlsa Tayvanisec _ cecxlTayvanismcemloba miiRe.Semoqmedi _ RmerTi.Seuracxgyav _ Seuracxyofa mogayene, arad Cagagde.Tu mravali tanjvaY moawio Cem zeda _ Zalianac rom damtanjo.ara veziaro saqmeTa SenTa _ Sens saqmeebs ar SevuerTdebi, ar gaviziareb.miuTxarT _ vuambeT.ganiwyo guli _ ganrisxda, gabrazda, guli mouvida.ibrdRuenda misTvis _ mis gamo mZvinvarebda, mrisxanebda.
V (1) merme miavlina jojik, ZmaY TKsi, da coli jojikisi, Zmiscoli TKsi, da episkoposi saxlisa TKsisaY da hrqua maT:
_ esreT arquT: aRdeg da moved adgilsa TKssa da nu egeviTari gonebaY gipy-ries. ukueTu ara, TreviT mogiTrio!
da viTar miiwines da Sevides winaSe dedoflisa da mravalsa dasajerebelsa sityuasa etyodes mas, maSin wmidaman SuSanik hrqua maT:
_ kacno brZenno, Tquen keTilad ityKT, garna nu dagijerebies, Tumca me misa colad-Ra viyav. megona me, viTarmed igi Cemda movaqcio da RmerTi WeS-mariti aRiaros, da aw me maiZulebT amas yofad?! nu iyofin ese Cemda! da Sen, jojik, arRara Cemi mazli xar, da arcaRa me _ Seni Zmiscoli, arca coli Seni daY Cemi ars, romelni mis kerZo da misTa saqmeTa ziar xarT.
miavlina _ gagzavna.esreT arquT _ ase uTxariT.aRdeg da moved _ adeqi da modi.nu egeviTari gonebaY gipyries _ mag Wkuaze nu xar, gons moege.ukueTu ara _ Tu ara.TreviT mogiTrio _ TreviT mogiyvan, mogaTrev.viTar miiwines _ roca mividnen.Sevides winaSe dedoflisa _ Sevidnen dedofalTan.dasajerebeli _ damarwmunebuli.mravalsa dasajerebelsa sityuasa etyodes _ Zalian cdilobdnen, daerwmune-
binaT, daeTanxmebinaT.keTilad ityKT _ kargad saubrobT.garna nu dagijerebies _ magram nu gjeraT, nu daijerebT.Tumca me misa coladRa viyav _ rom me misi coli viqnebi kidev.
19
megona _ vfiqrobdi.megona me, viTarmed igi Cemda movaqcio _ megona, Cemken gadmoviyvandi.maiZulebT amas yofad _ maiZulebT es gavakeTo.mis kerZo _ mis mxares, misken.romelni mis kerZo da misTa saqmeTa ziar xarT _ romlebic misi momxreebi da
Tanamoazreebi xarT. V (2) hrqua mas jojik:_ uwyi me, aw moavlinnes msaxurni da TreviT wargiyvanos Sen.wmidaman SuSanik hrqua:_ xolo ukueTu Semkras da miTrios, mixaris, rameTu miT saxiTa iyos gan-
CinebaY Cemi misgan.da viTarca esma ese misgan, cremloodes yovelni. da jojik aRdga da crem-
liT gare ganvida.xolo wmidaman SuSanik hrqua episkopossa:_ viTar metyK me dajerebad Cemda, rameTu man RmerTi uvar-yo?!
moavlinnes msaxurni _ gamogzavnis msaxurebs.ukueTu Semkras da miTrios _ Tu Semkravs da wamaTrevs.ganCinebaY _ daSoreba.miT saxiTa iyos ganCinebaY Cemi misgan _ amgvarad iqneba Cemi misgan daSoreba,
gancalkeveba.cremloodes yovelni _ yvela tiroda.cremliT gare gavida _ tiriliT (atirebuli) gareT gavida.viTar metyK me dajerebad Cemda _ rogor meubnebi, davTanxmde (igulisxmeba:
rogorRa ginda damarwmuno, ra amarTlebs mas, RvTis uarmyofels).
V (3) xolo jojik evedreboda da etyoda:_ daY Cueni xar Sen, nu warswymed saxlsa amas sadedoflosa.hrqua mas wmidaman SuSanik:_ uwyi, viTarmed daY var, erTgan ganzrdilni, xolo magas ver vhyof, vi-
Tarmca mosisxleobaY iqmna, da Tquen yovelni Tanamdeb iqmneniT. da viTarca friad aurvebdes mas, aRdga wmidaY da netari SuSanik da Tana
waritana evangelH TKsi da tiriliT esrHT ityoda:_ ufalo RmerTo, Sen uwyi, viTarmed me guliTad sikudild mival.
uwyi, viTarmed daY var _ vici, rom da var.mosisxleobaY _ danaSauli.viTarmca mosisxleobaY iqmna _ rom danaSauli moxdes.Tquen yovelni Tanamdeb iqmneniT _ Tqvenc damnaSaveebi iqnebiT, Tana-
monawileni gaxdebiT am danaSaulisa.friad aurvebdes _ Zalian awuxebdnen.Tana waritana _ Tan waiRo.evangelH _ saxareba, wigni qristes cxovrebisa da moZRvrebis Sesaxeb.guliTad _ namdvilad.sikudild mival _ sasikvdilod mivdivar.
V (4) ese Tqua da warvida maT Tana da Tana waritanna evangelH TKsi da wmi-
20
dani igi wignni mowameTani. da raJams Sevida igi taZarsa mas, ara dajda igi TKssa mas galiaksa, aramed senaksa Sina mciresa. da aRipyrna Pelni TKsni zecad wmidaman SuSanik da Tqua:
_ ufalo RmerTo, arca mRdelTagani vin ipova mowyalH, arca erisa kaci vin gamoCnda Soris ersa amas, aramed yovelTa me sikudild mimiTuales mtersa RmrTisasa varsqens.
wmidani igi wignni mowameTani _ wminda wignebi mowameTa wamebisa da cxovre-bis Sesaxeb.
galiaki _ samyofi, dedoflis oTaxi; sadedoflo taxti. arca mRdelTagani vin ipova mowyalH _ arc mRvdlebs Soris aRmoCnda vinme
gulSematkivari.arca erisa kaci vin gamoCnda Soris ersa amas _ arc saero piri gamoCnda erSi,
am xalxSi.yovelTa me sikudild mimiTuales mtersa RmrTisasa varsqens _ yvelam
sasikvdilod gamwira, RvTis mtris, varsqenis, xelSi Camagdo.
komentarebi:
I (1) sparsTa mefe _ igulisxmeba peroz II, Sahi, romelic mefobda 459-484 ww-Si. moixsenieba bolnisis sionis erT-erT warweraSi. gardai cvala hunebTan brZo-laSi 484 w-s. cocxali yofila varsqenis sikvdiliT dasjis dros.
1 (1) karad samefod _ igulisxmeba sparseTis samefo kari. imxanad iyo q. qtezifonSi, md. tigrosis napiras.
1 (1) varsqen pitiaxSi _ qvemo qarTlis mmarTveli V s-is II naxevarSi. qarTlis samefo xelisuflebas daupirispirda da irans miemxro. 482 w-s vaxtang gor-gasalma moakvlevina.
I (1) arSuSa _ qvemo qarTlis pitiaxSi V s-is Sua wlebSi. mematianis TqmiT, `kaci pativcemuli da RvTismoyvare, Wkviani da gamomrCeveli~. colad hyolia somxeTis erT-erTi didebuli gvaris warmomadgeneli _ anuSvram arwruni. ar-SuSa upirispir deboda iranis dampyroblur politikas. 449 w-s sparseTis Sahma iezdigerd II-m qarTlis, somxeTisa da albaneTis umaRlesi xelisufalni samefo karze ixmo. miwve ulTa Soris iyo arSuSa pitiaxSi. Sahma amierkavkasiis dide-bulebs sarwmu noebis Secvla mosTxova, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi amowyvetiTa da maTi qveynebis aoxrebiT imuqreboda. maSin didebulebs gadauwyvetiaT, mieRoT mazdeanoba, magram samSobloSi CamosvlisTanave TavianT sarwmunoebas dabrune-bodnen. Sahi, rogorc Cans, mixvda maTs ganzraxvas da zogi maTgani, maT Soris _ arSuSa pitiaxSi, qtezi fonSi dautovebia ori wliT. arSuSa samSobloSi da-brunebisTanave kvlav qristes rjulze monaTlula. 455 w-s mas didZali sab-oZvris gaRebiT mousyidia iranis didebulebi da tyveobidan dauxsnia Tavisi qvislis (anuSvramis dis meuRlis), hmaik mamikonianis, col-Svili da qarTlSi wamouyvania. isini arSuSasTan TiTqmis aT wels cxovrobdnen. savaraudod, ar-SuSa hmaikis Zmis, vardan mamikonianis, ojaxsac daexmareboda. `SuSanikis wame-baSi~ amis damamtkicebel cnobas vpoulobT: `vici, daY var da erTgan ganz-rdilni~, _ eubneba SuSaniki jojiks.
I (1) vardani _ vardan mamikoniani, cnobili istoriuli piri, somxeTis erT-erTi uwarCinebulesi gvaris warmomadgeneli taronidan. memkvidreobiT spas-petebi (mxedarTmTavrebi) iyvnen. somexi istorikosis, favstos buzandis, cno-
21
biT, mamiko ni anebi WenTa _ CineTis _ mefeebis STamomavlebi arian. sxva mosaz-rebiT, `Wen~ aq `Wans~ (erT-erT qarTvelur toms) unda niSnavdes (n. adonci, n. janaSia). deda var dan mamikonianisa, sahakanuSi, somexTa cnobili kaTalikosis, sahak didis, asuli iyo. vardan mamikoniani erT-erTi im didebulTagania, rom-lebic 449 w-s iezdigerd II-m sparseTis samefo karze daibara. vardani didi yoy-manis Semdeg iZulebuli gaxda, sarwmunoeba Seecvala. aseve moiqca misi Zma hmai-kic. samSobloSi dabrunebuli vardani saTaveSi Caudga antiiranul ajanyebas da 451 w-s avarairis brZolaSi daiRupa. amave brZolaSi mokles misi Zma hmaikic.
I (1) SuSaniki _ somxurad `SroSans~ (zaris moyvanilobis TeTri yvavili) ni-Snavs. SroSani bibliaSi damkvidrebuli simbolur-alegoriuli saxea mariam RvTismSo blisa. siyrmidanve RvTismoSiS qals mariam RvTismSoblis saxe-sim-boloTi mimarTavdnen. sinamdvileSi mas vardani erqva.
I (2) cecxlTayvanismcemloba, mazdeanoba, atroSani, zoroastrizmi _ Zvel iranSi, agreTve axlo da Sua aRmosavleTSi gavrcelebuli religia. warmoiSva qristes Sobamde _ Zv. w-is I aTaswleulis pirvel saukuneebSi. iranSi sasani-anebis epoqidan (Zv. w. 226 w-dan) moyolebuli gabatonebuli religia gaxda. am religiis Tanaxmad, umaRlesi RvTaebaa ahuramazda. aqedan modis saxelwodeba mazdeanoba. saxelwodeba zoroastrizmi momdinareobs winaswarmetyvel zoro-astrisagan, imave zaraTuS trasa gan, romelic ahuramazdam gamogzavna da daav-ala, moeqcia adamianebi axal sarwmunoebaze. mazdeanoba aRiarebs or sawyiss: keTilsa da borots, romelTa Soris mudmivi Widilia. ahuramazdas, sikeTisa da sinaTlis meufes, upirispirdeba ahrimani _ borotebisa da wyvdiadis meufe, romelTan erTadac arian boroti su le bi _ devebi. mazdeanobis mimdevarT RvTa ebrivi simarTlis gamovlinebad miaCni aT cecxli. aqedan modis saxelwode-bebi cecxlTayvanismcemloba da atroSani (atroS _ spars. cecxli). am religiis wminda wignia `avesta~. qarTveloba ganu wyvet liv ibrZoda saqarTveloSi qris-tianobis uZlieresi konkurentis _ mazdeano bis _ danergvis winaaRmdeg.
II (1) qarTli _ pirveli qarTuli saxelmwifo aRm. teritoriaze. Camoyalibda Zv. w-is IV s-is dasasruls. nawarmoebSi asaxul periodSi, vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis dros (V s.), qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSi moeqca das. saqarTvelo (egrisis sa me fo) da samx.-das. saqarTvelos nawili (`cixe Tuxarisi da klarjeTi yoveli~), agreTve, qarTlis aRm. mdebare hereTi (das. albaneTi) _ qarTlis samefos saerisTavo. vaxtangma daimorCila kavkasiis mTianeTic da qarTlis gav-lena Crd. kavkasiaSic (dvaleTze, oseTze, durZukeTze, didoeTsa da wuqeTze) gaavrcela.
qvemo qarTli _ qarTlis samefos nawili. Zv. w-is II s-Si somxeTma miitaca. ax. w-is I s-Si somexTa mefe tigran didma calke olqad gamoyo da mis gamge-blad pitiaxSi daniSna. IV s-is 40-ian ww-Si qvemo qarTli somxeTs gadaudga da Tavis istoriul nawils, qarTls, SeuerTda. am mxareSi (narevi qarTul-somxuri mosaxleobiT) Zlieri iyo iranis politikuri gavlena. SeiZleba aman ganapiroba qvemo qarTlis mmarTvelTa saxlSi pitiaxSis wodebis damkvidreba. mkvlevarTa mosazrebiT, qvemo qarTlis sapitiaxSoSi Sedioda sakmaod vrceli teritoria, romelic moicavda dmaniss, bolniss, rusTavs, marneuls, yazaxs, taSirs, Tria-leTs da a.S.
II (1) hereTi _ istoriuli mxare aRm. saqarTveloSi. V s-Si qarTlis Sema-dgen lo ba Si Sedioda. hereTi, rogorc irkveva, erqva albaneTsac. i. abulaZis azriT, hereTi nawarmoebSi ixmareba qarTlis sapitiaxSos aRmosavleTi nawilis aRmniSvnelad.
22
II (1) curtavi _ daba qvemo qarTlSi, sapitiaxSos centri, pitiaxSTa rezidencia.varaudoben, rom mdebareobda bolnissa da rusTavs Soris, mdinareebis –
maSaverisa da xramis _ SesarTavTan. n. berZeniSvils SesaZleblad miaCnia, rom bolnisi iyo igive curtavi.
II (4) atroSani _ ix. I (2), cecxlTayvanismcemloba.III (1) wminda kaci _ mkvlevarTa mosazrebiT, wminda kaci, romelTanac `kiTx-
vad raYsme sity¢sa~ wavida Tavad afoc episkoposi, SesaZlebelia, iyos wminda mama, gandegili beri, RvTismetyvelebaSi didad ganswavluli. es imaze metyve-lebs, rom V s-is saqarTveloSi bermonazvnuri cxovreba ukve dawyebuli da gavrcelebulia. Sdr.: qarTul istoriografiaSi miiCneva, rom saqarTveloSi bermonazvnur cxovrebas VI s-Si Cauyares safuZveli ioane zedaznelis wina m-ZRolobiT Camosulma asurelma mamebma.
III (1) `xolo Cuen aRvivseniT mwuxarebiTa da didiTa tiriliTa vtirodeT ganm-warebulni codvaTa CuenTa warmoCinebisaTKs~ _ sasuliero pirebs miaCniaT, rom varsqenis gamazdeanebiT kidev erTxel gamovlinda adamianis codvili buneba. pitiaxSis karis episkoposi afoci da iakob xucesi TavianT Tavsac braleulad miiCneven varsqenis saqcielis gamo. isini, nacvlad pitiaxSis gankiTxvisa, Tavs datexili ubedurebis mizezis Ziebas sakuTar sulSi iwyeben, raki maT Soris arcerTi ar aRmoCnda im sulier simaRleze, rom ufals erisaTvis sasjeli ar moevlina. sakuTari codvebisa da sulieri uZlurebis datirebiT iakob xucesma gviCvena, rom eklesiis mesveurT qristianuli religiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli umTavresi Tvisebebi amkobdaT: sinanulisa da sxvisi argankiTxvis unari.
III (4) ̀ ara damonebul ars ZmaY gina daY, aramed ganeyenen~ _ pavle mociqulis ko-rinTelTa mimarT pirvel epistoleSi garkveviT weria, rom, Tu coli an qmari Seicvlis sarwmunoebas, meorem mis kvlav moqcevaze unda izrunos, magram, Tu urwmuno meuRle ar moiqceva qristes rjulze, maSin ganSoreba jobs. morwmune damonebuli ar aris, misi neba Tavisufalia. SuSaniki swored aseT konteqstSi imowmebs pavle mociquls da amarTlebs ojaxidan Tavis wasvlas.
IV (3) devi _ igivea, rac bibliuri eSmaki, boroti demoni. ebraul-arameul enaze mas asmodeusi (aeSma-deusi) hqvia da mngrevels, damSlels niSnavs. gamoTqmiTac da SinaarsiTac uaxlovdeba zoroastrizmis borot suls, devs. igi, upiratesad, qorwinebis rRvevis simboloa. SuSaniki xucebTan saubrisas uaryofs varsqenis braldebas ojaxis Rirsebis Selaxvisa da meuRleobis uar-yofis Sesaxeb da, piriqiT, brals sdebs pitiaxSs, romelmac wyvdiadis meufis (ahrimanisa) da boroti sulebis (devebis) aRiarebiT pirvelma daarRvia `bune-biTi~ (kanonieri) qorwineba.
IV (3) `RmerTi caTaY~ _ qristianuli RvTismetyvelebis Tanaxmad, xiluli cis miRma arsebobs uxilav caTa ierarqia, romelsac ganagebs zesknelis meufe _ `RmerTi caTaY~. ierarqia cxra cisagan Sedgeba, romlebic angelozTa cxra safexurebrivi wyebis samyofelia. mecxre caze serabimni mkvidroben, Semdeg qerubinni, saydarni, xelmwifebani, uflebani, Zalni, mTavarni, mTavarangelozni da, bolos, CvenTan yvelaze axlos, dabali rangis angelozni. SuSaniki varsqens WeSmariti RmerTis, caTa RmerTis, uaryofaSi amxels.
23
gavigoT, gaviazroT, SevafasoT:
raze miganiSnebT is faqti, rom sparseTis mefis karze myofi varsqeni Sahs `bunebiTi~ col-Svilis gamazdeanebas hpirdeba ise, rom SuSanikisa-gan Tanxmoba ar aqvs?
varsqenis ra Tvisebas usvams xazs is faqti, rom qarTlis sazRvars mom-dgari rjulSecvlili pitiaxSi gadawyvets, gzad Seegebon aznaurebi, `misni Zeni~ da msaxurebi?
Tqveni azriT, ratom daeWvda dedofali, rom varsqeni qristianul sar-wmunoebas uRalatebda? aseTi eWvis ra safuZveli hqonda mas?
iakob xucess akvirvebs varsqenis ugunureba, radgan mas `arca Wiri exil va, arca SiSi, arca maxKli, arca pyrobilebaY qristHsTKs~ da mainc ganudga qristianobas. rogor fiqrobT, varsqenma qristianul sarwmu-noebaze WeSmaritad mazdeanoba miiCnia Tu mxolod politikuri mosaz-rebebiT gadadga es nabiji? pasuxi daasabuTeT.
istoriuli TvalsazrisiT, riT aris mniSvnelovani Txzulebis is epi-zodi, romelSic wminda kacia naxsenebi? imsjeleT.
SuSanikis sanaxavad misul iakobsa da dedofals Soris dialogi imarTe-ba. raSi ar eTanxmeba dedofals iakobi da ratom?
rogor fiqrobT, vin aris `kaci erTi sparsi~? ra mizniT midis dedo-falTan? ra SegiZliaT TqvaT mis Sesaxeb am epizodis mixedviT?
Tqveni azriT, raze metyvelebs sparsis Segoneba: `nu ras ficxelsa si-tyuasa etyK mas, rameTu dedaTa bunebaY iwro ars~.
ratom ukvirs SuSaniks gansakuTrebiT episkopos afocis dabejiTebuli Txovna sasaxleSi dabrunebis Taobaze?
varsqeni SuSanikTan jer xucesebs, xolo Semdeg, Zmasa da rZalTan er-Tad, afoc episkoposs agzavnis. Tqveni azriT, ris xazgasma surs am qmedebiT varsqens? imsjeleT.
romeli epizodidan Cans, rom SuSaniki arSuSa pitiaxSis sasaxleSi gai-zarda?
sasaxleSi SuSanikma `Tanawaritana evangelH Tvisi da wmidani igi wignni mowameTani~. aqedan gamomdinare, ra daskvnis gamotana SegiZliaT qar-Tuli sazogadoebis kulturuli cxovrebis Sesaxeb?
raze miganiSnebT is faqti, rom sasaxleSi dabrunebuli SuSaniki `ara dajda ... TKssa mas galiaksa, aramed senaksa Sina mciresa~?
teqstis mxatvruli analizisaTvis:
daakvirdiT:`xolo mamaman Senman aRhmarTna samartKleni da eklesiani aRaSenna da
Sen mamisa Senisa saqmeni ganhryunen da sxuad gardaaqcien keTilni misni; maman Senman wmidani Semoixuna saxid TKsa, xolo Sen devni Semoixuen, man RmerTi caTaY da queyanisaY aRiara da hrwmena, xolo Sen RmerTi WeSmariti uvar-hyav da cecxlsa Tayuanis-ec~.
Tqveni azriT, ratom, ra mizniT upirispirebs SuSaniki erTmaneTs varsqen pitixSsa da mamamiss, arSuSa pitiaxSs, maT saqmeebs?
24
„SuSanikis wamebis“ Tqven mier Seswavlil monakveTebze dayrdno-biT aageT teqsti. ixelmZRvaneleT Semdegi miTiTebebiT.
Tqveni azriT, ramdenad Tavisufalia adamianis neba, airCios sarwmunoeba Tavisi survilisamebr, miuxedavad misi eris oficialuri aRmsareblobisa? im-sjeleT. rogor fiqrobT, ratom gamoiwvia varsqenis mier sarwmunoebis Secvlam
dedoflisa da sasuliero pirebis mZafri reaqcia? aseTive reaqcia mohyve-boda varsqenis gamazdeanebas, sazogadoebis rigiTi wevri rom yofiliyo? iakob xucesis azriT, gansakuTrebiT ra amZimebs mis danaSauls (gaixseneT: „vin ara stirodis mas, romelsa arca Wiri exilva...“)? gamoxateT Tqveni damokidebuleba varsqenis saqcielis mimarT (gaiTval-
iswineT qristianobis roli qarTvelTa sulier, kulturul, politikur Tu sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi).
mxatvrul figuras, romelSic dapirispirebulia erTmaneTis sawinaaR-mdego cnebebi, saxeebi, debulebebi da am gziT gamosaxulia mxatvruli sinamdvile, antiTezisi ewodeba. antiTezisis saSualebiT mwerals SeuZlia gamoxatos idea, saTqmeli, Tavisi damokidebuleba am Tu im movlenisa da personaJisadmi.
zemoT moyvanil monakveTSi arSuSa pitiaxSisa da varsqenis SuSanikiseu-li Sefaseba antiTezisis magaliTia.
daimaxsovreT
enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:
davaleba #1
moZebneT `SuSanikis wamebis~ Seswavlil monakveTSi winadadebebi, romlebSic sakuTari saxelebi saxelobiT da moTxrobiT brunvebSi dgas.
Zvel qarTulSi adamianTa sakuTari saxelebis brunebas ramdenime Tavisebureba axasiaTebs (zogierTi maTgani, magaliTad, ukumSveloba da ukveceloba, wodebiT brunvaSi niSnis daurTveloba, mrvalobiTi ricxvis uqonloba dRemde SemorCa).
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba aris is, rom adamianis pirisaxelebi saxelobiT, moTxrobiT da wodebiT brunvebSi, rogorc wesi, brunvis niSans ar dairTaven. wodebiTi advili gamosarCevia, igi mimarTvis formaa (mag.: `da Sen, jojik, arRara Cemi mazli xar...~). xolo saxelobiTisa da moTxrobiTis formaTa gasarCevad unda mivmarToT Semdeg saSualebebs: 1. CavanacvloT TanxmovanfuZiani sazogado saxeli (`jojik evedreboda~ (kaci evedreboda) _ sax. br., `hrqua mas jojik~ (hrqua mas kacman) _ moTxr. br.); 2. Tu sakuTar saxels msazRreli axlavs, davakvirdeT mis brunvas (wmidaY SuSanik _ sax. br., uSjuloman varsqen _ moTxr. br.).