Cven mier ganxiluli Seguebulobebis garda, saxeobis gadasarCenad

didi mniSvneloba aqvs qceviT Seguebulobebs.

zogjer cxovelebis qcevas iseTi rTuli xasiaTi aqvs, rom go niv-

rul moqmedebas emsgavseba. iqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos cxoveli

azrovnebs. Tumca cxovelTa qmedebas xSir SemTxvevebSi instinqturi

xasiaTi aqvs da Tandayolilia.

instinqtiinstinqti organizmis refleqsTa erTobliobaa, romelic zustad

aguebs cxovels garemosTan da is Taobidan TaobaSi gadaecema.

rogor swavloben wiwilebi kruxebis cnobas? ra aiZulebT frinve-

lebs yovelwliurad gadafrindnen Tbil qveynebSi da mere ukan dab-

rundnen?

partniorebis moZebna, budis Seneba, Sewyvileba, STamomavlobaze

zrunva, urTierToba jogSi, nadiroba, migracia da sxva _ qceviTi Se-qceviTi Se-

guebulobebia.guebulobebia.

gazafxulze buneba ucbad axmaurdeba. ismis galobis, Cxavilis, yi-

yinis, ymuilis xmebi. am xmovani signalebiT partniorebi erTmaneTs

uxmoben.

es kaSkaSa, mkveTri Seferiloba mamr farSavangs mdedris misazi-

dad sWirdeba.

rogor fiqrobT, ratom ara aqvs aseTi mkveTri Seferiloba mdedr

farSavangs?

xSirad mamrebs mdedrisTvis brZola uwevT.

mamri mTis Txebis orTa brZolis dros rqebis

Sejaxebis xma ramdenime kilometrze ismis.

STamomavlobaze zrunva sxvadasxva saxiT

SeiZleba gamovlindes.

zogierTi Tevzis mamri ganayofierebul

qviriTs, zogjer lifsitebsac ki, piriT ata-

rebs. warmoidgineT, rom am xnis manZilze is ar ikvebeba.

102

zogierTi amfibia qviriTs sxe -

uliT daatarebs, zogi ki mas lif-

sitebis gamoCekvamde darajobs

zogi mSobeli naSiers Tavis si -

cocxlis fasadac icavs _ cdi -

lobs, mtaceblis yuradReba Ta vis

Tavze gadaitanos. sainte re soa,

rom am dros Svilebi `it ru ne-

bian~.

saocaria samnemsa maxaTas qceva.

STamomavlobaze zrunvas samnemsa maxaTas mamri budisTvis adgilis Ser-

CeviT iwyebs. am dros is Zalian agresiuli xdeba, icavs moniSnul terito-

rias, devnis konkurentebs.

amis Semdeg is akeTebs CaRrmavebas fskerze da avsebs mas wyalmcenaree-

biT. budes SardSi arsebuli webovani gamonayofiT amagrebs da masSi gvirabs

akeTebs.

mdedris misazidad mamrs mucelze wiTeli Seferiloba uCndeba da saqor-

wino rituals atarebs _ iwyebs zigzagisebur moZraobas da nemsebiT mdedrs

exeba.„moxiblul“ mdedrs is budemde miacilebs.

qviriTis dayris Semdeg mdedri tovebs budes da mis adgils mamri ikavebs

_ anayofierebs qviriTs. mamri Tavs dastrialebs budes, farflebis moZ-

raobiT wylis axal-axal Wavls ganayofierebuli kvercxebisken mimarTavs,

raTa STamomavlebi JangbadiT uzrunvelyos. amiTac ar kmayofildeba „mama“

Tevzi. is ar scildeba gamoCekil lifsitebs da Sors wasulebs ukan, bu-

desTan abrunebs.

gamravlebis rogori intensivoba unda axasiaTebdes samnemsa maxaTas? ra-

tom fiqrobT ase?

103

adaptaciaadaptacia

qceviTi Seguebulobani

XII§ § 2929

mamri mdedri

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2

qviriTis dasayrelad gvelTevzebi baltiis zRvis auzis mdinareebidan

sargasis zRvaSi Cadian. amisTvis maT ramdenime aTasi kilometris ga dalaxva

uwevT. sargasis zRvaSi, romelic atlantikis okeanis didi wyalmce nareebiT

dafaruli nawilia, gvelTevzebi qviriTs 200 m-is siRrmeSi yrian da iRupe-

bian. patara STamomavlebi winaprebis adgils isev ubrundebian. am mogzau-

robas isini 2-3 weliwads andomeben.

gvelTevzebi vidre sargasis zRvisken gaemarTebodnen, sxeulSi didi ra-

odenobiT cxims igroveben, zurgis mxare maT Zlier umuqdebaT da Tvalebi

udiddebaT. axseniT am cvlilebebis mizezi.

cxovelTa kanonzomier, mizandasaxul gadaadgilebas gansxvavebuli saar-

sebo pirobebis mqone garemoSi, migraciamigracia ewodeba.

migracias cxovelebi sicivisa da gvalvisgan Tavis dasaRwevad, pirobebis

gasaumjobesebladac mimarTaven. magaliTad, wylisa da sakvebis ZebnaSi sava-

nis balaxismWameli cxovelebi asobiT kilometrs gadian. CrdiloeTis irme-

bi zamTarSi tundridan taigaSi miemarTebian.

migraciis erT-erTi forma frinvelebis sezonuri mimofrenaa. es qce-

viTi adaptacia sacxovrebeli garemos klimatis sezonuri cvlilebiTaa ga-

mowveuli. magaliTad, mercxlebi budoben Crdilo naxevarsferos zomier

sartyelSi, xolo gamosazamTreblad tropikul qveynebSi mifrinaven, sadac

maT SimSiliT sikvdili ar emuqrebaT. gazafxulze isini ukan brundebian.

104

qceviTi Seguebulobani

gansakuTrebiT nadirobis

dros vlindeba.

gvelkisera yanCa namd-

vili myvinTavia. wyalqveS

curvisas is farTod Slis

frTebs. misi Crdili Tev-

zebs izidavs. swrafi moZ-

raobiT daWeril Tevzs yanCa haerSi aagdebs da ise atrialebs, rom Tevzi Ta-

viT miemarTeba farTod gaRebuli niskartisken.

ratom atrialebs yanCa Tevzs haerSi?

zogierTi cxoveli nadirobisas jgufebad erTiandeba. es im SemTxvevaSi

xdeba, roca cxoveli msxverpls marto ver ereva. yanCas Tevzze nadirobisas

damxmare ar sWirdeba. mgeli ki marto cxenirems ver moereva. amitom mglebi

cxeniremze nadirobisas xrovebs qmnian.

jgufuri nadiroba gansakuTrebul qceviT Seguebulobebs moiTxovs, ro-

melic am jgufis wevrebis qcevas erTi miznisken mimarTavs.

mglis xrovis ramdenime wevri cxenirems daedevneba. sirbiliT daRlil

msxverpls xrovis sxva wevrebi gzas uWrian da Tavs esxmian. zogierTi yelSi

ecema, zogi _ fexebSi, zogi _ mucelSi da erTad uReben bolos am did cxo-

vels.

socialuri urTierTobebi TvalnaTliv Cans lomebis ojaxSi, praidSi, sa-

dac funqciebi ojaxis wevrebs Soris aris gadanawilebuli.

praids nadirobis gansakuTrebuli strategia aqvs.

yvelaze rTul saqmes, nadirobas, xvadi lomebi Zu lomebs andoben, Tvi-

Ton ki teritoriisa da ojaxis usafrTxoebis dacva evalebaT. Zu lomi msx-

verplTan miparvis xelovnebas flobs. is qaris mimarTulebis sawinaaRmde-

god frTxilad uaxlovdeba msxverpls da swrafi moZraobiT saxeSi ecema.

Tavze Camokidebuli mtaceblis simZimis gamo msxverpli vardeba. am dros

nadirobaSi sxva Zu lomebic erTvebian da glejen mas.

ratom `iTvaliswinebs~ lomi qaris mimarTulebas?

nadavlis gayofisas ojaxSi umkacresi ierarqiaa daculi. pirvelad na-

davls xvadi _ ojaxis ufrosi Seeqceva, Semdeg Zuebi, dabolos axalgazrda

wevrebi. bokverebze es kanoni ar vrceldeba.

105

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3

evropuli gvelTevzas

migracia

5

migracia

lomebis ojaxSi nadirobis es Cvevebi mxolod instinqtur xasiaTs

ar atarebs. axalgazrda lomebi nadirobis Cvevebs zrdasruli, ga-

mocdili lomebisgan swavloben. bokveri, romelsac ukve SeuZlia de-

dis devna, dedas akvirdeba da misgan swavlobs nadirobas. aTi Tvis

asakSi is ukve flobs msxverplTan miparvis xelovnebas. damoukide-

blad nadirobas isini mxolod ori wlis asakSi iwyeben.

ar arsebobs qceva, romelic mTeli sicocxlis manZilze ar ganic-

dides cvlilebas. xoxbis axlad gamoCekili bartyebi budis Tavze,

haerSi gamoCenili nebismieri sagnis danaxvaze irindebian, yuCdebian,

imalebian. wamozrdil xoxbebs SiSis grZnoba uqrebaT im sagnebze,

romlebsac xSirad xedaven. maT aRar aSinebT foTlebi, beRurebi. isi-

ni mxolod mtacebeli frinvelebis danaxvaze irindebian.

axlad gamoCekili an axalSobi li individi bunebriv pirobebSi

pirvelad dedas xedavs, mis sunsa da siTbos grZnobs. es SegrZnebebi

mkveTrad, Zlier aRibeWdeba masSi. is ar scildeba dedas, Tan dasdevs

mas. mexsierebis am yvelaze adreul formas imprintingiimprintingi uwo des. im-

printingi aRbeWdvas niSnavs.

cdebiT dadasturda, rom axlad gamoCekili wiwila dedad imas mi-

iCnevs, visac an rasac sicocxlis pirvel dReebSi dainaxavs. garkveu-

li drois Semdeg imprintingi qreba.

imprintings avstrieli mecnie-

ri, nobelis premiis laureati ko n -

rad lorenci (1903-1989) swav lo b da.

lorencs adevnebuli ixvis naSie-

rebi sicocxlis pirvel dReebSi

swored mas xedavdnen.

ra mniSvneloba aqvs imprintings

axlad dabadebuli cxovelebisT-

vis? ra pirobebSi SeiZleba iyos

is saziano?

adaptaciis erT-erTi mniSvnelov ani forma qceviTi Segue-bulobebia. Tandayolili da SeZenili qceve bi saxeobis ga-darCenas uzrunvelyofs.

1. warmoidgineT, rom gaqvT maxaTas qcevaze dakvirvebis realuri

SesaZlebloba. ra cdebs dagegmavdiT imis dasamtkiceblad, rom

mamri farflebis moZraobiT Jangba-

diT amaragebs qviriTs? warmoadgi-

neT cdis ramdenime varianti.

2. Toliebi bartyebis gamoCekvis Sem-

deg kvercxis naWuWebs budes acile-

ben. mecnierebma eqsperimentulad

da adastures: Toliebi ase imitom

iqcevian, rom gatexili kvercxis na-

WuWis SigniTa TeTr fers mtacebe-

106

li frinvelebi kargad xedaven da Tavs esxmian budes (gamoCekvamde

Toliebis kvercxebi qviSis an budis feria). ivaraudeT, ra tipis

eqsperimentiT mividnen mecnierebi am daskvnamde?

3. daakvirdiT mamalsa da dedal qaTams. ra niSnebiT gamoirCeva ma-

mali dedlisgan da risTvis sWirdeba es?

4. Tu geqnebaT saSualeba, awarmoeT dakvirveba mercxlis budeze.

ramdeni kvercxi dado man budeSi? ramdeni bartyi gamoiCeka? ro-

gor gamoiyurebian isini? riT kvebavs mercxali bartyebs? dReSi

ramdenjer miaqvs maTTvis sakvebi? ramden xanSi dafrTiandnen

bar t yebi?

igive dakvirveba SegiZliaT awarmooT SaSvze, SoSiaze, gvritze.

5. Tu SesaZlebloba geqnebaT, daudeT gamosaCekad qaTams batis kver-

cxi da daakvirdiT axlad gamoCekili batis WuWulis qcevas.

1. dasavleT evropaSi binadari yaryatebi afrikaSi espaneTis gavliT

migrireben, xolo aRmosavleT evropaSi binadarni _ TurqeTis

gavliT. dasavleTis yaryatebis kvercxebi gadaitanes aRmosavleT

evropaSi. axladgamoCekili yaryatebi afrikaSi grZeli gziT _ es-

paneTis gavliT gafrindnen. ra daskvnas gaakeTebdiT?

2. ra upiratesoba gaaCnia Tandayolil qcevas SeZenilTan Sedare-

biT?

3. saqarTevloSi mercxlebis mofrena gazafxulis mosvlasTan aso-

cirdeba. ratom?

1. zogi meTevze gayinul tbaze xvrels akeTebs da Tevzebs kvebavs.

kvebis win yinulze fexebs abakunebs. amas meTevze ramdenime dRis

ganmavlobaSi regularulad akeTebs. ratom iqceva meTevze ase?

2. dRes mTels msoflioSi qaTmis gripTan brZola Zalzed aqtual-

uria. masTan brZolis RonisZiebebi garkveul periodebSi gansa-

kuTrebulad mkacrdeba. ra periodebia es?

107

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