morphology
DESCRIPTION
MORPHOLOGY. READ 7370: Linguistics for Educators Dr. Melissa Comer. Word Classes and Affixes. Main Divisions of Word Classes (Parts of Speech):. Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs. Content Words Function Words. Conjunctions Prepositions Articles Pronouns. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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MORPHOLOGY
Word Classes and Affixes
READ 7370: Linguistics for EducatorsDr. Melissa Comer
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Main Divisions of Word Classes (Parts of Speech):
Content Words
Function Words
• Nouns • Verbs • Adjectives• Adverbs
• Conjunctions• Prepositions• Articles• Pronouns
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Morpheme: The minimal unit of meaning
Free morpheme: a single morpheme that constitutes a word and can stand alone.
Bound morpheme: a morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme.
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Example of Bound/Free
Morphemes Retroactive = retro + act + ive
Free morpheme = actBound morpheme = retro-, -ive
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English Affixes(based on the position)
Prefix: An affix that occurs before a morpheme
Suffix: An affix that occurs after a morpheme
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English Prefixes
Examples of Negative Prefixes:un- non- dis- a-
Examples of size and degree prefixes:mini- sub- over- super-
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English Suffixes
Class preserving suffixation:-er lecturer-ian librarian-ist scientist-let piglet
Class changing suffixation: Verb Noun perform performanceAdjective Adverb nice nicelyAdjective Noun active activity
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Affixes(based on the function)
Inflections vs. Derivations Inflections vs. Derivations
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Definition
Derivational morpheme: deriving (creating) a new word with a new meaning.
Inflectional morpheme: changing the form of a word because of the rules of syntax.
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English Inflectional Morphemes
Nouns–s plural–’s possessive
Verbs –s third person singular
present–ed past tense–en past participle–ing progressive
Adjectives–er comparative–est superlative
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Some examples of English Derivational Morpheme
-ic : Noun Adj ; alcohol alcoholic -ance : Verb Noun ; clear clearance -ly : Adj Adv ; exact exactly -ity : Adj Noun ; active activity -able : Verb Adj ; read readable -ship : Noun Noun ; friend friendship
re- : Verb Verb ; cover recover
in- : Adj Adj ; definite indefinite
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Describe the italic affixes:
1) impossible2) terrorized3) terrorize4) desks5) dislike6) humanity7) fastest
1) Derivational prefix
2) Inflectional suffix
3) Derivational suffix
4) Inflectional suffix
5) Derivational prefix
6) Derivational suffix
7) Inflectional suffix
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Describe the italic affixes:
8) premature9) untie10) darken11) fallen12) oxen13) faster14) lecturer
8) Derivational prefix
9) Derivational prefix
10) Derivational suffix
11) Inflectional suffix
12) Inflectional suffix
13) Inflectional suffix
14) Derivational suffix