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Morocco–NationallyDeterminedContributiontotheUNFCCC 1

MOROCCO

NATIONALLYDETERMINEDCONTRIBUTIONUNDERTHEUNFCCC

Introduction

Morocco’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is an improved version of the

Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) that Morocco presented to the

UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange (UNFCCC)on June5,2015.

AlthoughMoroccoisresponsibleforonlyasmallshareoftheproblemofclimatechange,

itdevelopeditsNDCwiththeconvictionthattheglobalambitiontocountertheeffects

ofclimatechangecallsforacommitmentfromallpartieswithregardtomitigationand

adaptation, as well as means of implementation, cooperative approaches and

transparency.Asaresult,incompliancewithArticle3oftheParisAgreement,Morocco’s

NDC presents the kingdom’s efforts to combat climate change across all of the

aforementionedthemes.

Morocco’sNationalCircumstances

Located on the southern shore of the Mediterranean, at the gates of Europe and

northern Africa, Morocco has always been a crossroads of civilizations. In recent

decades,Moroccohasexperiencedsubstantialeconomicandsocialdevelopmentwithin

the context of climate change that has an impact on all sectors. Consequently, the

pressure on natural resources has increased, affecting the resilience of forest

ecosystems and the agriculture sector, particularly because of water scarcity. Water

availabilitypercapitawasoverthreetimeshigherin1960(approximately2,600m3per

capitaperyear)thanitistoday(approximately700m3percapitaperyear).

Awareofthissituation,Moroccohasvoluntarilyandresolutelyengagedinaprocessto

combat global warming, progressively outlining its own vision while complying with

decisionstakencollectivelyattheinternationallevel.

Morocco’sVisiononClimateChange

Makeitsterritoryandcivilizationmoreresilienttoclimatechangewhileensuringarapidtransitiontoalow-carboneconomy.

Thispoliticalwillistodayembodiedbythekingdom’s2011Constitution,whichgaveitanew impetusby enshrining sustainable development as a right for all citizens, and byinstituting new instruments of democratic governance, a condition to achieving

sustainabledevelopment across the country.Thispoliticalwill is further enshrined in

the Framework Law on the National Charter for Environment and Sustainable

Development(NCESD),whichasserts“therightsanddutiesinherenttotheenvironment

andsustainabledevelopmentaccordedtonaturalandlegalpersonsandproclaimsthese


principles to be respected by the state, local authorities and public institutions and

businesses.”1 The operationalization of the charter was undertaken through the

preparation of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development (NSSD), whichwill

guide the actions of all public institutions and private actors in furthering social and

economicdevelopmentthatisbothsustainableanddynamic.

Morocco’sNDCfindsitsinstitutionalrootsintheNSSDandoutlinesavisionofMorocco

in 2030. As a result, the implementation of Morocco’s NDC is part of an integrated

approachthatgoesbeyondclimatechange,toinclude:

• Respect forhuman rights andgenderequality, as enshrined inMorocco’s2011

Constitution.

• SynergieswiththetwootherRioconventions,whichaimtorestore,respectand

maintainbiologicaldiversityandtheintegratedmanagementofwaterresources

and sustainable landmanagement in order to combat desertification and land

degradation.

• Alignment of actions related to climate change with the UN’s Sustainable

DevelopmentGoals(SDGs),especiallygoals1,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,and17.

• ImplementationoftheadvancedregionalizationprojectinMorocco,buildingon

integrated and participatory strategic land planning. This project will

substantially contribute to implementing Morocco’s NDC through a national

vision for landplanning that promotes regional potentials and resources along

withsolidaritybetweenregions.

Morocco has the conviction that significant and unprecedented engagement from

Moroccanactorsisrequired,notablythoseinthefinancialsectorwhohavetheabilityto

influenceinvestmentflowsandtheirpeersengagedininternationalfinance.

To promote this engagement from stakeholders at different levels, Morocco has

established the Moroccan Competence Centre for Climate Change (4C Maroc),2 a

capacity-buildingand information-sharingplatformonclimatechange.Theplatformis

availabletovariousstakeholdersandhasaregionalandAfricanoutreach.TheMosaïcc

portal3 was also established as a result of a partnership between national and

international institutions. The portal strives to build capacity around adaptation to

climate change in the agricultural, water and forestry sectors. The 4CMaroc and the

Mosaïccportalswillbethedriversofthisengagement.

1ThisisanunofficialtranslationoftheFrameworkLawforNationalCharterforEnvironmentandSustainableDevelopment.2Seewww.4c.ma 3Seewww.changementclimatique.ma


DevelopmentProcess

Indeveloping itsNDC,Moroccoundertookabroad, two-yearstakeholderconsultation

process.Duringthisprocess,Moroccoreviewedthepoliciesandprogramsthatarebeing

implemented to combat global warming and determined how ambitious the country

wantstobeinitsNDC.

TheprocessfordevelopingitsINDCculminatedinanationalconference,heldonJune2,

2015, in Rabat and chaired by the head of government, to officially present the draft

INDC to allMoroccan stakeholders. Consultations held after the adoption of the Paris

Agreement strengthened the foundations of the NDC, and enabled a renewal of

stakeholder engagement by ensuring their full support for the implementation of the

commitmentsincludedinthepresentdocument.


Morocco’sCommitment:KeyTakeaways

Morocco,movedby itsdeeplyheldconvictionsofcommonbutdifferentiated

responsibility,byitsbeliefinacommonhumandestinyanditscommitmentto

theprincipleofequity,strivestooutlinethepathtoaglobal,responsibleand

fairpledgeforthewell-beingofourplanet.

Owing to Morocco’s high vulnerability to the impacts of climate change,

Morocco ought to first minimize the risks of these impacts and invest in

adaptation compared to mitigation actions. Morocco has made important

stridesinmattersofadaptationsinceitsindependencein1956.Between2005

and 2010, the kingdom dedicated 64 % of its total climate spending toadaptationefforts,avalueequivalentto9%ofitstotalinvestmentspending.

The proportion of Morocco’s national budget dedicated to adaptation is a

testimony to the scale of the challenge facingMoroccan society. Efforts will

havetoincreaseoverthecomingyearsanddecades.Asanexample,Morocco

forecasts that, between 2020 and 2030, the implementation of adaptation

programs will cost at aminimum USD 35 billion for the most vulnerablesectors,namelywater,forestryandagriculture.

Withregardstomitigation,Morocco’sGHGemissionreductiontargetswillbe

achieved through economy-wide actions. Coordination of mitigation targets

stemming fromall sectoral strategies and all actionplanswill fall under the

auspices of a low-carbon development strategy, which is currently being

drafted. Numerous sectors will be addressed by these plans and strategies,

namely energy, agriculture, transportation, water, waste, forestry, industry,

housingandinfrastructure.

MoroccocommitstoreducingitsGHGemissionsby42%belowbusiness-as-usual(BAU)levelsby2030.ThiscommitmentwillonlybemadepossibleifMorocco gains access to new sources of finance and to additional support

relativetosupportreceivedinrecentyears.Thiscommitmentleadstoatotal

reduction of 527 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO2e)

between2020and2030.ThetotalcosttoreachthisgoalisUSD50billion,of

which USD 24 billion would be conditional on international support made

available through new climate finance mechanisms, including the Green

ClimateFund(GCF).


MOROCCO

NATIONALLYDETERMINEDCONTRIBUTIONRELATIVETOMITIGATION

In terms of mitigation, Morocco has set a national greenhouse gas (GHG) emission

reduction target of 42% below BAU emissions by 2030, which can only be reached

under the condition of benefitting from substantial support from the international

community.Moroccoalsocommitstoanunconditionalreductiontargetof17%below

BAUlevelsby2030, taking intoaccountreductions inAgriculture,Forestry,andOther

LandUse(AFOLU).

TheseGHGemissionreductiontargetswillbeachievedbymeasurestakeninallsectors

oftheeconomy.Coordinationofmitigationtargetsstemmingfromallsectoralstrategies

andallactionplanswill fallundertheauspicesofa low-carbondevelopmentstrategy,

whichiscurrentlybeingdrafted.Numeroussectorswillbetargetedbytheseplansand

strategies, namely energy, agriculture, transportation,water,waste, forestry, industry,

housingandinfrastructure.

Morocco’sGHGmitigationgoalsrelyinlargepartonanimportanttransformationofthe

country’senergysector.Thistransformationisdrivenbygreatpoliticalwill. Itaimsto

reducethecountry’sheavyrelianceonforeignenergysourcesandincreasetheshareof

renewable energy, while responding to growing demand for energy to ensure the

socioeconomic development and well-being of its citizens. The primary goals that

underliethisenergytransitionarethefollowing:

• Reachingover52%of installedelectricityproductioncapacity fromrenewable

sourcesby2030.

• Reducingenergyconsumptionby15%by2030.

• Substantiallyreducingpublicfossilfuelsubsidies,buildingonreformsalready

undertakeninrecentyears.

• Substantially increasing the use of natural gas, through infrastructure projects

allowingliquefiednaturalgasimports.


MitigationTargets

UnconditionalTarget A17%reductioninGHGemissionsby2030comparedtoa

BAU scenario, with 4% coming from AFOLU actions.

WithoutAFOLUactions,thereductiontargetis13%.

ConditionalTarget An additional reduction of 25% achievable under certain

conditions,whichwould bring the total GHG reduction to

42%belowBAUemissionlevelsby2030,includingAFOLU

actions. Without AFOLU actions, the additional reduction

would be 21%, which would bring the conditional

reductiontargetto34%

FinancialNeedsand

Conditions

Meeting theoverall targetof42%requiresan investment

estimated at USD50billion between 2010 and 2030.

Meetingtheconditionalcomponentofthetarget,forwhich

costs are estimated to reachUSD24billion, is conditional

upon access to new sources of finance and to additional

support,comparedtothatreceivedoverthepastyears.

ExpectedTrajectory

For reference and planning purposes only, Figure1 and

Table1 present Morocco’s forecasts of the emissions

pathwaysassociatedwiththetargetspresented.


Figure1.Emissionspathwaysofmitigationscenarios(withandwithoutAFOLU)

Table1.SummaryofMorocco’skeydataregardingthemitigationscenarios

MtCO2e 2010 2020 2025 2030 Total2020–2030

Emissions—BAU 93.9 121.6 142.7 170.8 1584.8

Emissions—UnconditionalScenario

(withAFOLU)

93.9 107.1 116.7 141.4 1326.9

Emissions—UnconditionalScenario

(withoutAFOLU)

93.9 111.3 122.5 148.7 1390.5

Emissions—Conditional

Scenario(withAFOLU)

93.9 97.2 91.6 98.9 1061.3

Emissions—Conditional

Scenario

(withoutAFOLU)

93.9 101.9 101.8 113.2 1172.1

ExpectedReductions—Unconditional

Scenario

(withAFOLU)

0.0 14.6 26.0 29.4 257.9

ExpectedReductions—Unconditional

Scenario

(withoutAFOLU)

0.0 10.3 20.3 22.1 194.3

ExpectedReductions—Conditional

Scenario

(withAFOLU)

0.0 24.4 51.1 71.9 523.5

ExpectedReductions—Conditional

Scenario

(withoutAFOLU)

0.0 19.7 40.9 57.5 412.7

50

70

90

110

130

150

170

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

MtC

O2e

year

ScenarioBAUUnconditionalscenariowithAFOLUConditionalscenariowithAFOLUUnconditionalscenariowithoutAFOLUConditionalscenariowithoutAFOLU

-13%

-17%

-34%

-42%


AssumptionsandMethodologicalApproaches

TypeofTargets Emission reductions from projected emissions for the

year2030,accordingtoaBAUscenario

Coverage Economy-wide

GasesCovered • Carbondioxide(CO2),methane(CH4)andnitrousoxide(N2O)

• Fluorinatedgasesarenotcovered;theyarerarelyusedinMoroccoandtheiremissionsaremarginal

Sectorscovered • Electricityproduction• Housing(residentialandtertiary)• Agriculture• Industry• Transportation• Waste• Forestry

BAUScenario GHGemissionprojectionsfor2030,startingin2010,which

isthefirstyearof implementationoftheNationalPlanfor

theFight againstGlobalWarming.Projectionsdonot take

into account the mitigation measures and actions

implementedfrom2010.

MitigationScenarios GHG emission projections for 2030, starting in 2010. The

unconditional mitigation scenario is based on the

implementation of 24 actions, including 9 AFOLU actions.

Theconditionalscenarioassumestheimplementationof31

additional actions over the period 2010–2030, including

11AFOLU actions (see Annex1). A 2030 GHG emissions

pathwaytakingintoaccounttheeliminationofpublicfossil

fuels subsidies has been carried out to consider potential

additionalGHGreductionscomingfromthesereforms.

GlobalWarming

Potential(GWP)

The GWP values used are those determined by the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),

according to Decision17/CP.8 of the UNFCCC, for the

preparationofnationalemissionsinventories:

• GWPCO2=1(byconvention)

• GWPCH4=21

• GWPN2O=310


Methodologyfor

EstimatingEmissions

The 2010 GHG emissions inventory, as well as BAU and

mitigation scenarios, were completed according to the

revised1996IPCCGuidelines.

The BAU and mitigation scenarios were developed based

on data from theNational StatisticsDirectory, on data on

sectorial activities and on economic, demographic and

sectoralprospectiveanalyses.

Methodologyfor

EstimatingEmissions

fromAgricultural,

Forestryandother

Land-UseSectors

Fortheagricultureandforestrysectors,onlyCO2storedin

biomasswastakenintoaccount.

For the agricultural sector, GHG emissions and CO2

sequesteredfromagroforestryprogramsanddevelopment

of rangelands included in the Morocco Green Plan (olive

cultivation, agroforestryof fruits, citrus, argon, fruit trees,

palmtrees,datetreesanddevelopmentofrangelands)are

takenintoaccount.

For the forestry sector and other land-use sectors, only

GHGemissionsandCO2sequesteredrelatedtoafforestation

and reforestation actions, to the development and

managementof silvopastoral plans, toprojects countering

silting,improvedhomecookstovesandthemanagementof

forestry climate risks (for example, wildfires and forest

health)aretakenintoaccount.

PlanningforImplementation

In recent years, Morocco has thoroughly reformed its institutional, legal and fiscal

frameworks to enable the transition to a green economy. A good example of a fiscal

reformisMorocco’sreductionofpublicsubsidiestoelectricityanddifferentpetroleum

products, such as industrial fuels and gasoline, amove that creates amore attractive

environment for investments in renewable energy and the rationing of energy

consumption.Inaddition,institutionalreformisunderway,which,forexample,expands

the mandate of the Morocco Agency for Solar Energy (MASEN) to include the

developmentofallrenewableenergyfromallsources.

TheimplementationofMorocco’sNDCisbasedonseverallaws,strategiesandnational

action plans, including the low-carbon development strategy, which takes its targets

from the NDC, as well as clear and ambitious sectorial targets (see Table2). For

reference, Annex 1 presents the portfolio of actions used to estimate Morocco’s


mitigation Contribution by 2030 and those Morocco plans to implement under its

Contribution.Itfollowsthat55actions,ofwhich20areAFOLUactions,spanningacross

all sectors, have been identified to define the mitigation scenario that leads to the

conditionaltarget,asshowninFigures2and3.

Key sectoral strategies, along with their respective targets for the implementation of

Morocco’sContribution,areoutlinedinTable2.

Table2.KeySectorialStrategiesandTargetsfortheImplementationofMorocco’sMitigationContribution

Strategiesandactionplans

Targets

NationalEnergy

Strategy

• Provide 52% of the installed electrical power from

renewable sources, of which 20% is from solar energy,

20% is from wind energy and 12% is from hydraulic

energyby2030.

• Achieve 15% energy savings by 2030, compared to

currenttrends.

• Reduce energy consumption in buildings, industry and

transport by 12% by 2020 and 15% by 2030. The

breakdownofexpectedenergysavingspersectoris48%

for industry,23% for transport,19% for residential and

10%forservices.

• Install by 2030 an additional capacity of 3,900MW of

combined-cycle technology running on imported natural

gas.

• Supply major industries with imported and regazified

naturalgasbypipelines.

NationalLogistics

Strategy

• Reduce logistical costs from 20% to 15% by 2019 to

benefit consumers and promote operator competition

throughoptimizedmanagementleadingtohighersecurity

andthemaximizationofmerchandiseflows.

• Accelerate GDP growth rate by increasing value added

throughreducinglogisticcosts.

• Contribute to sustainable development by reducing

disruptions (e.g., reduction of the number of tonnes per

kilometer by 30% and reducing traffic density on

freewaysandwithincities).


National

Householdand

SimilarWaste

Program

• Mainstream household waste management master plans

andstandardizethemforallregionsandprovincesof the

kingdom.

• Improve the collection of householdwaste to achieve an

urban collection rate of 90% by 2020 and of 100% by

2030.

• Establish landfill and recycling centers for household

wasteforthebenefitofallurbanareasby2020.

• Rehabilitateorcloseallillegallandfillsby2020.

• Makethemanagementofthesectormoreprofessional.

• Develop chains of “sorting-recycling-recovering” with

sorting pilot projects to achieve a 20% rate for recycled

materialsby2020.

• Trainandraiseawarenessofstakeholdersonwasteissues.

NationalLiquid

Sanitationand

Wastewater

Treatment

Program

• Reachanoverallurbansewerageconnectionrateof75%

by2016,80%by2020and100%by2030.

• Reach a 50% volume of treatedwastewater by 2016, of

60%by2020andof100%by2030.

• Expand wastewater management to services and reuse

50%ofwastewaterinin-landcitiesby2020.

MoroccoGreen

Plan

• Modernize the agricultural sector to make it more

competitiveand integrated in theglobalmarket tocreate

wealthovertheentirevaluechain.

• Take into account the agricultural sector in all its

sociological and territorial components by incorporating

humandevelopmentobjectivesasakeyrequirement.

• Improve the promotion of natural resources and their

sustainablemanagement.

• Define the necessary policies to support sustainable

growth.

Preservationand

SustainableForest

Management

Strategy

• Developforestryandsurroundingareas.

• Finalizelanddemarcationandregistryofforestedareas.

• Complete the suckering, renewal or afforestation of

approximately 50,000 hectares per year, with a primary

focus on natural species and support for high-quality

forestresearchwhenrehabilitatingterritory.

• Protectwaterbasinsagainsterosionandsiltationofdams.

• Rehabilitateecosystemsandprotectandpromotenatural

areasaswellasendangeredspeciesasresources.


UrbanPublic

Transit

Improvement

Program

• Implement large-scale public transit in major urban

centerspoweredbyrenewableenergy

• Create a USD 200 million support fund for urban road

transportation

• CreateaTaxiFleetRenewalProgram


Figure2.Distributionoftheexpectedmitigationeffortbysectortoachievetheoveralltarget(withAFOLU)

ElectricityProduction

42.1%

ResidentialandTertiary7.6%

Industry6.4%

Transportation9.5%

Waste13.0%

Agriculture9.7%

Forest11.6%

Distributionoftheeffortbetween2020and2030


45.0%

ResidentialandTertiary8.3%

Industry7.9%

Transportation8.6%

Waste10.2%

Agriculture7.9%

Forest12.1%

Distributionoftheeffortin2030


Figure3.Distributionoftheexpectedmitigationeffortinenergygenerationandconsumptionforavarietyofpurposestoachievetheoveralltarget

OtherConsiderations

UseofMarket

Mechanisms

Moroccoconsiderstheestablishmentofinternationalmarket-

based mechanisms of primary importance, in order to

promote cooperation between parties with respect to their

mitigation contributions, as per Article6 of the Paris

Agreement.Themechanismsare vital in reducing total costs

for achieving the temperature target outlined in Article2 of

theParisAgreement.

Equityand

Ambition

Moroccoconsiders itsNDCtobeambitiousandfair forthree

mainreasons:

• Morocco makes, for the first time, a formal

commitment to limit thegrowthof itsGHGemissions,

despite representing only 0.2% of global GHG

emissionsin2010.

• Achieving the conditional target would mean that

Morocco’s per capita emissions would not exceed

2.6tCO2e in 2030, including AFOLU (3tCO2e per

capitawithoutAFOLUactions)andtheGHGintensityin

relation to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) would

improveby4.1%overtheperiod2010–2030.

• Finally,Moroccomustfocusonminimizingtherisksof


64.2%

Residentialand

Tertiary11.6%

Industry9.8%

Transportation14.4%


climate change impacts above and beyond mitigation

actions.Certaineconomicactivities,suchasagriculture,

fisheries, aquaculture, forestry and tourism, are

significantly vulnerable, as are certain ecosystems,

such as oases, the coastal zones and mountainous

areas.


MOROCCO

ADAPTATIONCOMMUNICATION

Morocco’sVulnerabilitytoClimateChange

MoroccoisamongtheMediterraneanandAfricanregionsthathavebeenexposedtothe

impactsofclimatechangeforseveraldecadesnow.InMorocco, the impactsofclimate

changetaketheformofareductioninprecipitationandsnowcover,andageneralrise

intemperaturesacrossthecountry.

Historically, Morocco went through 20 years of drought in the past 70 years, which

means almost one third of that period. Studies show that in the future,Moroccowill

becomemorearidduetoadecreaseinprecipitation,aconcurrenttemperatureincrease,

andextremeweathereventsoccurringwithhigherfrequency.Projectionsshowthatthe

country’sdecreaseinprecipitationwillbetotheorderof20%ona2050-timehorizon,

with a greater impact in semi-arid plains. Morocco’s Third Communication to the

UNFCCC, submitted in 2016, offers an exhaustive status report of Morocco’s

vulnerabilitytoclimatechange,andoftheadaptationactionsunderway.

Morocco is very vulnerable to climate change, due to its geographical location, and is

pronetowaterscarcity,decliningagriculturalproduction,desertification, floodingand

rising sea levels. Thanks to the kingdom’s great efforts with regards to human

development,povertyinallformshaslargelybeeneradicatedinurbancentersandhas

beengreatlyreducedinruralareasduetoanincreaseinpeople’slivingstandardsand

efforts to reduce social disparities. However, these efforts are at risk of being

counteracted by climate change’s negative impacts on the domestic economy and

communities,includinginruralareas.Thus,forMorocco,adaptationtoclimatechangeis

thecornerstoneofanyprogramorpolicyonsustainabledevelopment.Someeconomic

sectorsorecosystemsaremoresensitivethanotherstoclimatechange,namelywater,

agriculture,fisheries,shorelines,forestryandhealth.Forothersectorsandecosystems,

ashortcomingofreadilyavailabledatameansthatitisnotcurrentlyavailabletoprovide

adetaileddescriptionoftheirsensitivities.WaterSectorVulnerabilityInMorocco,water sources entirely dependent onprecipitation are very vulnerable to

thespatialandtemporalclimatevariability,aswellasclimatechange.Sincethe1980s,

these sources have faced the negative impacts of climate change and an increase in

demand from resident and economic sectors, and have decreased substantially as a

result.Morocco is one of the countrieswith the smallest volume ofwater per capita.

Water potential is estimated to be 22billionm3 annually, orwater availability that is

less than 700m3/capita/year, for a population of 33.9million people. Despite a

considerable effort in the construction of hydraulic structures and access to


unconventionalresources,thisquantitycouldfallto500m3by2030duetotheimpacts

of climate change, population growth and a growth in economic activity. Forecasts

conducted on certain water basins indicate that water available to residents will

decrease to the level of water shortage by 2050. Water sector vulnerability will be

affected by the increasing costs of action, and the aging and deteriorating quality of

surface and underground resources. Conventional water resources will no longer be

enoughtofulfilltheneedsofthecitizensandofthevarioussocioeconomicsectors.Ithas

become necessary for Morocco to develop unconventional water resources (such as

water desalination, demineralization of brackish water, recycling treated wastewater

andharvestingrainwater).

VulnerabilityoftheAgriculturalSector

Theagricultural sector is a centralpartof theMoroccaneconomy,having contributed

more than 14% to national accounts and employed over 39% of the country’s labor

force between 2008 and 2013. A large part of lands used for agriculture are not

irrigated, making the sector vulnerable to climate change. Several years of droughts

spanning over the last decades have affected the agricultural sector’s main types of

crops—and thus theeconomy—andcommunity living standards, including in rural

areas. In addition, the geographic area where multiple arboreal species used for

arboriculture are found has shrunk as a result of increasing temperatures.Numerous

studies inMorocco have found that climate changewill substantially affect irrigation

capacitiesandcropyields,aswellasthegeographicareainwhichfruittreesandcrops

important for food security can grow. Climate change will hasten the degradation of

natural resources essential to agriculture, notably water, soils and agricultural

biodiversity. In addition, rangelands,which cover82%of the country’s arid land, are

already facing a degradation of plant breeding resources, as a result of both

anthropogenic and climate factors.This increasingdesertification ishaving anegative

impactonfeedstocklevels.Climatechangeisexpectedtoincreasethedesertificationof

these lands, and increase degradation and accelerate the loss of yields in fragile,

mountainousareas, inoasisecosystems,andargantrees,whicharealready indecline.

These ecosystems are vital to subsistence for at-risk populations, the protection of

naturalresourcesandthefightagainstdesertification.

VulnerabilityoftheMaritimeFisheriesSectorThemaritimefisheriessectorcontributesupto2.3%ofMorocco’sGDPanddirectlyor

indirectlyemploys660,000people. It sustains3millionpeopleandmakesup15%of

totalMoroccanexports,or59%ofagri-foodexports.Despiteimprecisepredictions,the

sectorisseenasoneofthemostvulnerabletoclimatechange.Thevulnerabilitystems

from“upwelling”zones(whichhaveahighfishdensity),sensitivitiestoclimatechange

andthelimitedeconomiccapacityoftheaffectedcommunities.Climatechangepresents

additionalchallenges,directandindirect,tooceanandcoastalecosystemsthatareoften

already made fragile by other anthropogenic effects. The consequences of climate

change,inadditiontohumanactivity,willaffectthedistributionandproductivityoffish


stocks,aswellasthestructureandproductivityofcertainecosystemsandtheirspecies’

populations. In Morocco, certain impacts of climate change, coupled with the

overexploitationoffisheriesresources,arealreadyvisibleintheshiftofmatingperiods,

themigrationanddisappearanceof certain species, the risingaverage temperatureof

marinewaters,thereductionofthenumberofdaysamenabletofishingduetoincreases

infloodingandstorms,andthereductionofpreviouslyveryabundantstocks.

VulnerabilityoftheCoastlineMorocco has 3,500km of coastline along the Atlantic and theMediterranean. Climate

changewill lead to an increase in flooding, the erosionof sand coastlines, and loosof

coastal biodiversity and marine submersion. Because the vast majority of industrial,

urban and tourist activity is clustered around coastal cities, climate change could

impede the country’s socioeconomic development and lead to consequential

environmental impacts in the absence of countervailingmeasures.Numerousbeaches

alongboththeMediterraneanandAtlanticshorelineshavealreadyfacedsevereerosion

orhaveentirelydisappeared,despitemeasures takenbypublicpowers. Sea-level rise

maysubmergehalfofthelandareaofbeachesby2050and72%oftheirareaby2100,

and187,400peoplecouldbeaffectedbyfloodingduetosea-levelrise.

VulnerabilityoftheForestrySectorForest ecosystems serve an important purpose for the country and the lives of

vulnerable populations. Theyplay a crucial role in the socioeconomic development of

rural andmountain areas, including someof themost remote areas of the country. A

greatanthropogenicstressisinducedontheseecosystems,astressthatMoroccostrives

to bring back to levels cognizant to their production capacity, through a participative

approachwithlocalcommunities.ForestecosystemsinMoroccoarealreadywitnessing

theimpactsofclimatechange,suchasthesporadicdecayofcertainMiddleAtlascedar

trees. Other imminent risks include more frequent and more severe wildfires, and

phytosanitary problems stemming from the emergence of new pests. Climate change

willhaveanimpactonhowvibrantanddynamicforestecosystemsare,ontheirability

to regenerate and to adapt to regular climate fluctuations, their biodiversity (both of

their faunaand flora), their consistency, and their spatialdistribution.Climate change

will also induce catastrophic impactson currentkeyecologicalbalancesknowing that

extremelycrucialorographicrangesmakeuppartsofthecountry’sgeography.Climate

change will increase the risk that the surface area of some forest ecosystems (cedar

trees,corkoak,cypresstrees,argantrees,andothers)shrinksandmakeswayforpre-

forest, steppes, and desert ecosystems, which will have concomitant impacts both in

termsofsocioeconomicdynamicsandintermslossesofecosystemservices.

VulnerabilityoftheHealthSectorVulnerability to climate change of the health sector is explained by the presence of

endemic illnesses such as malaria, schistosomiasis, typhoid and cholera, likely to be

made worse by climate change. Even though resources are dedicated to combat the

spread of these illnesses, resurgence as a result of the impacts of climate change is


possible. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), climate change would

increase deaths in Morocco by 250,000 annually between 2030 and 2050 due to

malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea and heat-related stress. According climate change

scenarios, thevectorcapacityof thedengueviruswould increase from0.29 to0.33 in

2070relativetoareferencevalueof0.22.Diarrhealdeathsattributedtoclimatechange

inchildren15andunderwouldreach10.5%,or1,600deaths, in2030.Accordingtoa

highGHG emissions scenario, deaths in elderly populations as a result of heat should

reach 50 for every 100,000 people by 2080, based on an estimated baseline of five

deathsforevery100,000peoplebetween1961and1990.Theimpactsofclimatechange

onagriculturewillalsodisproportionally impact thosemostvulnerable tohungerand

malnutrition.

VulnerabilityoftheTourismSectorMorocco is world-class destination, owing to the riches of its heritage, its diverse

landscape and its proximity to Europe, as well as its accommodation, transport and

communications facilities. Tourism represents 12% of Morocco’s GDP, and is a

substantial contributor to wealth creation and poverty reduction. In 2015,

approximatelyUSD6billioninrevenuesweregeneratedfromnon-residentswhovisited

Morocco,coveringfor32%ofthecountry’stradebalancedeficit.ThroughVision2020,

the tourism sector is striving to position Morocco as a benchmark with regards to

sustainabledevelopmentacrosstheMediterraneanshorelinesbytargetingthreeareas:

seaside resorts, culture and nature. Nonetheless, the tourism sector faces significant

challenges that are stemming from climate change. Mainly, the sector is anticipating

strenuous circumstances with regards to water scarcity, decreasing snowcap,

degradation of fragile ecosystems, vulnerability of seaside infrastructure, extreme

weathereventsandnewdiseasesthatmayspreadduetorisingtemperatures.

Morocco’sVisiontoAddresstheRisksofClimateChangeImpacts

Preserveitsterritoryanditscivilizationinthemostappropriatemanner,effectivelyrespondingtothevulnerabilitiesofitsterritoryandimplementingan

adaptationpolicythatbuildsresilienceforallofitspopulationanditseconomicactorstofacethesevulnerabilities.

Morocco implements a sectoral approach, adapted to the circumstances and specific

featuresoftheterritorialentities:mountainregions,thecoast,oases,agriculturalareas

and urban areas. Morocco’s ultimate objectives in addressing climate change, which

mustalsoresonatewiththeinternationalcommunity,are:

• Theprotectionofpopulations,througharisk-preventionmanagementapproach,

linked to the exodus of rural populations and its socioeconomic consequences,

particularly in the most vulnerable areas (coastal zones, mountainous areas,

regions with a high propensity for desertification, and oases). This approach


reliesonanobservation-and-researchsystemtobetterunderstandcurrentand

futureclimaterisks.

• The protection of natural heritage, biodiversity, forestry and fishery resources,

throughanecosystem-basedadaptationapproach.Moroccocommitstorestoring

ecosystems and strengthening their resilience, to combat soil erosion and

preventflooding.

• Theprotectionofclimate-sensitiveproductionsystems,suchasagricultureand

tourism, as well as high-risk infrastructure. Because water resources are the

most constraining factor to sustainable economic and social development in

Morocco,thekingdomhasrecentlydevelopeditsNationalWaterStrategy(NWS)

and its National Water Plan (NWP) with the aim to improve integrated and

appropriate water resource management, the development of unconventional

waterresources,preservationmethods,theprotectionagainstpollution,training,

scientificresearchandawarenessaroundthesethemes.

• The protection of the cultural heritage of the kingdom through education and

awareness actions, and efforts to preserve ancestral good practices in highly

vulnerablesectors,suchaswaterandagriculture.

ObjectivestoBuildResilience

Morocco’svisionforadaptationinvolvesseveralquantifiedsectorialgoalsfor2020and

2030,presentedinTable3.EventhoughMoroccoalreadyinvestsheavilyinadaptation,

reaching these targets will only be possible with significant support from the

internationalcommunityandcreditors.

Table3.MainAdaptationObjectives

ActionArea MainobjectivesAgriculture For2020:

• Switching from current irrigation systems to localized

irrigation systems over an area of 550,000hectares, forUSD

3.7billion.

• Developing the public-private partnerships to delegate

irrigationservices,including:

o Irrigating 15,000 hectares by desalinatingwater from

theChtoukaAitBahaplainforUSD300million

o Irrigating the coastal Azemmour-Bir Jdid area, over

3,200hectaresforUSD37million

• Hydro-agricultural infrastructure around dams over 160,000

hectares,foraglobalcostofUSD2.1billion.

• Coverageofriskagainstclimaticvariationsthroughmulti-risk

insuranceforcerealsandlegumescovering1millionhectares.


For2030:

• Extensionofirrigationtonewagriculturalareas,over260,000

hectaresforanoverallinvestmentofUSD3billion.

• Equipping and modernizing irrigation systems over 290,000

hectaresforanoverallforecastedUSD2billion.

Water For2020:

• Substitution of water samples from overexploited

groundwater tables (85million m3 annually) with above-

groundwatersources.

• Artificial replenishment of groundwater tables by up to

180millionm3/year.

• Connectiontothewatertreatmentnetworkinurbanareasata

rateof75%by2016,and80%by2020.

• Wastewatertreatmentatarateof50%by2016and60%by

2020.

• Restructuring the full-service distribution sector at the

regionalleveltoreacharateof60%forindividualconnection

by2020.

For2030:

• Theconstructionofthreedamsperyearonaverageinorderto

reach25billion m3 in stocking capacity, which will require

overallinvestmentsforecastedatUSD2.7billion.

• Desalinization of seawater in order to reach a capacity of

500millionm3peryearforaforecastedcostofUSD15billion.

• Recycling of wastewater in order to reach a capacity of

325billionm3peryearforaforecastedcostofUSD3billion.

• Transferring 800millionm3 ofwater per year fromnorth to

southforanoverallinvestmentofUSD3billion.

• Improvingtheefficiencyofthedrinkingwaternetworkwitha

nationalaveragetargetof80%.


rateof100%.

• Various programs and actions aimed at preserving water

resources and natural habitats, and at improving the

management of extreme climate events, for an overall

investmentofUSD5.7billion.


rateof100%.


Forests For2020:

• Thereplenishmentof200,000hectaresofforests.

For2030:

• Protecting 1,500,000 hectares against erosion, which will

includetheprioritizationof22basins,forUSD260million.

• Afforesting600,000hectaresforUSD46million.

Fisheries and

Aquaculture

For2020:

• Reacha95%rateoftradedspeciesmanagedsustainably;

• Reductionofdischargesby90%comparedtocurrentlevels;

• Establishment of a coastal observation network, equipped

with four oceanographic and meteorological buoys, and

expansionoftheenvironmentalandsanitarysurveillanceand

warningsystemalongthecoastlineto40observationzones;

• Reduction by 50% of the quantity of fishmeal created from

freshfish.

For2030:

• Establishmentofmarineprotectedareasrepresenting10%of

theExclusiveEconomicZone;

• Development of two hatcheries dedicated to restock five

endangeredcoastalspecies;

• Renewal and modernization of 30% of the fleets, including

withgreenervesselsequippedwithobservationsystems;

• Restoring50%ofdamagedmarinehabitats;

• Increasing by 50% the volume of sea products utilized and

marketed.

To achieve these goals, much planning has already been undertaken. Resilience to

climate change is included in the majority of strategies, policies, action plans and

programs,includingthemostimportant,presentedinTable4.

Table4.MainSectoralStrategiesEnablingtheImplementationofAdaptationObjectives

ActionArea Strategies,ActionPlans,ProgramsandInitiativesMultisectoral • NationalStrategyforSustainableDevelopment

• Morocco’sNationalStrategytoCombatGlobalWarming

• NationalStrategytoProtecttheEnvironment

• IntegratedManagementStrategyforCoastalAreas

• NationalStrategyforthePlanningandDevelopmentofOases

• NationalStrategyforIntegratedCoastalManagement

• NationalStrategyfortheConservationandSustainableUseof

BiologicalDiversity


• NationalStrategyforthePlanningandDevelopmentofMiddle

Atlas

• National Educative and Sensitization Strategy for the

EnvironmentandSustainableDevelopment

• NationalPolicytoCombatGlobalWarming

• NationalPolicyfortheEnvironment

• StrategicActionPlan for thePreservationofCoastal andSea

BiodiversityintheMediterranean

• MoroccoGreenPlan

• ProgramfortheSustainableDevelopmentoftheHighAtlas

• ProgramfortheSustainableDevelopmentoftheAnti-Atlas

• NationalHumanDevelopmentInitiative

Agriculture • MoroccoGreenPlan:

o Conservation and Valuation Strategy of Genetic

ResourcesofCultivatedCrops

o NationalPlanforWaterSavingIrrigation

o National Plan for the Conversion ofMarginal Regions

AnnualCropsintoFruitTreesArboriculture

o DevelopmentStrategyforRuralandMountainAreas

o DevelopmentStrategyforOasisAreasandArgania

o National Program for the Development of PastoralAreas

Fisheries and

Aquaculture

• HalieutisPlan

o PlantoStrengthenNationalResearchonFisheries

o FisheriesDevelopmentPlans

o ProgramfortheCreationofMarineProtectedAreas

o ArtificialReefsFloodingProgram

o FishingEffortAdaptationandModernizationProgram

o NationalAquacultureDevelopmentPlan

o Program to Strengthen and Develop Fisheries and

MarketingInfrastructure

o Integrated Projects Program “Fisheries / On-land

PromotionofCatches”

o Plan for thePromotionof SeafoodCompetitiveness at

boththeNationalandInternationalLevels

Water • NationalWaterStrategy

• NationalWaterPlan

• DroughtManagementPlan

• GuidingPlansfortheIntegratedLayoutofWaterResources

• NationalPlanfortheProtectionAgainstFloods


• NationalLiquidSanitationProgram

• NationalRuralSanitationProgram

• NationalUsedWaterReutilizationProgram

Forests • NationalStrategyforHumidAreas

• NationalStrategyfortheMonitoringofForestHealth

• MasterPlantoCombatWildfires

• MasterPlanforReforestation

• NationalActionProgramtoCombatDesertification

• NationalWatershedMaintenancePlan

• MasterPlanforProtectedAreas

• NationalDevelopmentStrategyfortheDevelopmentofthe

AromaticandMedicinalPlantSector

Urbanism,

Infrastructure,

and

Managementof

Territory

• NationalCharterforTerritorialManagement

• NationalHarborStrategy

• NationalHouseholdandSimilarWasteProgram

• NationalOutlinefortheManagementoftheTerritory

• RegionalOutlinesfortheManagementoftheTerritory

• 2016-2015RoadwaySystemMaintenanceProgram

Tourism • Vision2020

Health • SectoralHealthStrategy

These strategies, plans, programs and initiatives set in motion numerous projects

improvingadaptationtoclimatechange.Inaddition,Moroccoiscurrentlyundergoinga

processtoelaborateitsNationalAdaptationPlan(NAP),andmorebroadlyitsNSSD,to

improveitsclimatechangeresilienceframework.

Morocco’sAdaptationFinanceNeeds

Adaptation needs will have significant budgetary implications for Morocco, for all

sectors of the economy, and for the protection of human and animal health. Over the

period2005–2010,Moroccodevoted64%ofallclimate-relatedspendinginthecountry

to adaptation, particularly in the water sector, which represents 9% of overall

investmentexpenditures.Morespecifically,investmentsplannedtoachievethedesired

targets in thewater, agriculturaland forestry sectorsareestimatedatUSD2.5billion.

Securingthenationalroadwaysystemagainstadditionalclimatechange-inducedfloods

wouldcost5%morethantraditionalmaintenancecosts.

This considerable share of the national expenditures budget dedicated to adaptation

demonstratesthemagnitudeofthechallengesfacingMoroccansociety.Andthisshareis


certain to rise over time. Morocco expects to dedicate at least 15% of its overall

investmentbudgetstoadapttotheimpactsofclimatechange.

Between 2020 and 2030, Morocco estimates that the cost of implementation of

adaptation projects for the water, forestry and agriculture sectors, the sectors most

vulnerabletoclimatechange,willataminimumreachUSD35billion.

Morocco is currently drafting its National Adaptation Plan, which will present and

quantifymeasures for theadaptation to climate change.Whileawaiting the finalplan,

nationalprioritiesinthisdomaincanbesummarizedassuch:

• Improving knowledge on climate change and the impacts of climate change,

especiallywithregardstothemostvulnerablestrategicsectors.

• Conservingwaterresourcesandsecuringwatersupplyforbotheconomicsectors

andhouseholdneeds.

• Strengthening foodsecuritythroughnaturalresourceconservation, intensifying

sustainable agriculturalpractices, reducingpoverty in rural areas, and tracking

stocksandpricesonfoodcommoditiesoninternationalmarkets.

• Conserving fragileecosystems:mountains,oases, theargantree,pastoral lands,

wetlandsandcoastalareas.

• Protectingcoastalareasfromrisingsealevelsinordertosafeguardhouseholds,

aswellasindustrialandurbaninfrastructure.

• Conserving forest resources by continuing reforestation efforts and fighting

wildfires.

• Strengthening adaptation of infrastructure against bad weather and future

weatherconditions.

• Improvinghealth and safety of thepopulation, animals and cropproduction to

protectfromtransmissibleillnessesthatthriveunderclimatechange.

• Continuing to improve the institutional and regulatorygovernance frameworks

addressing climate change, as well as ensuring policies are consistent across

sectors.

• Building capacity with regards to developing, financing, implementing and

monitoringclimatechangeadaptationprojectsattheinstitutionalandlocallevels

(public,privateandpartnerships).

• Promotingscientificresearch,researchanddevelopment, innovation,aswellas

technologyandknowledgetransfer.

• Developing early warning systems for climate events, and agro-meteorological

systemsforforecastingagriculturalproduction.

• Introducingacademiccurriculaspecializinginclimateriskandclimatechangein

trainingandlearninginstitutions.

In this context, Morocco is seeking the support of the international community to

implement these projects. Beyond financial support,Morocco expects to benefit from

technicalandinstitutionalcapacitybuilding,particularlyregardingthecreationofdata


andknowledgesharing. Italsoexpects tobenefit from legal, financialandengineering

support pertaining to designing and implementing projects at the regional and local

levels,aswellasforthemonitoringandevaluationoftheirsocioeconomicimpacts.

MonitoringandEvaluationSystemforAdaptationinMorocco

Moroccohasputinplaceasystemtomonitorandassessvulnerabilityandadaptationto

climate change that aims to provide the country’s regions with an institutional

mechanism to monitor climate sensitivities and results stemming from adaptation

actions,allthewhiletakinggenderissuesintoaccount.Thispilotprojectwasfirsttested

insouthernMoroccanregions.Theadoptionofthemonitoringandevaluationsystemby

other regions is planned for themedium term,with the implementation of a national

governancemechanismtooverseethemonitoringandevaluationsystem.


Annex1ThisannexpresentsMorocco’sportfolioofmitigationactions for2030andhasbeenused toestimate thekingdom’sNDCrelative tomitigation.Morocco’sunconditionaltargetwillbereachedthankstotheimplementationofsomeoftheseactions.Theannexisincludedfor thesakeof transparency in thisapproach,whichstrives toprovideasmuchclarityaspossible.TableA1providesanoverviewofactionsconsideredforimplementationaspartoftheNDC.

TableA1.ActionsConsideredtoEstimateMorocco’sMitigationContribution

Type Actions Description

ImplementationCostEstimates

(USDinmillions)

TotalEmissionReductionPotential2020–2030(MTCO2e)

UnconditionalActions

1.NationalWindPlanfor2020 Putinplacemultiplewindfarmsby2020 3,500 50.183

2.NationalSolarPlanfor2020

Putinplacethermodynamicconcentratedsolarpowerandphotovoltaicpowerplantsinmultipleareasby2020

9,000 42.557

3.NationalProgramforthePromotionofPhotovoltaic

Putinplacesolarplantsconnectedtothemedium-voltagegridtoreach1,000MWby2030 2,000 10.689

4.HydroelectricPowerPlantsby2030

Putinplacea350MWPumped-StoragePowerPlant(PSPP)attheAbdelmoumensite,300MWforanotherPPSPand125MWattheElMenzelhydroelectricfacility

730 12.354

5.Combined-CyclePlantsby2025

Importliquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)anduseofLPGforelectricitygenerationincombinedcyclepowerplantstoreach3,550MWby2025 2,300 57.518

6.Energy-CertificationLabellingofRefrigerators

Developmentofenergy-uselabellingprogramforrefrigerators 100 1.461

7.Energy-EfficientBuildingWraps

ImplementationoftheCodeforThermalRegulationforHousinginMoroccoinresidentialandtertiaryhousing 18 1.229

8.EnergyEfficiencyin Developmentofanenergy-efficiencyprograminthetourismsector 86 1.229


theTourismSector including300,000low-energylightbulbs,300,000m2ofsolarwaterheatersandtheimplementationoftheCodeforThermalRegulationforHousinginMorocco

9.Low-CarbonCity Creationofamodel,low-carboncitycenteredonenergyefficiencyactions,transportandwastemanagement 165 1.232

10.PrivateWindFarms Implementationofprivatelyoperatedwindfarms 195 1.25511.IndustrialEnergyEfficiency Implementationofenergy-efficiencyactionsinindustrialfirms 200 0.965

12.ExtensionoftheRabatTram Extensionofthetram,aperfectoptiontotravelaroundRabat 157 0.465

13.ExtensionoftheCasablancaTram Extensionofthetram,aperfectoptiontotravelaroundCasablanca 1,600 5.915

14.LargeTaxiUpgradePlan

Upgradeoftheoutdatedlargetaxifleetinordertoreducetheirconsumption 650 6.073

15.OliveTreeProgramby2020

Plantingof447,000hectaresofolivetreesinareasthatareunfitforyear-roundcropstolimitsoilerosionandimprovesmallfarmers’income 1,209.5 13.669

16.FruitArboricultureProgram(excludingcitrusandolivetrees)by2020

Plantingof160,000hectaresoffruittreestoimproveanddiversifyfarmers’income,especiallyinfragilemountainareas 753 5.322

17.CitrusPlantingProgramby2020

Plantingof45,000hectaresofcitrustoimprovebothfarmers’revenuesandexportearnings 450 3.660

18.CactusPlantingProgramby2020

Revegetationofbareorerodedlandswith128,600hectaresofcactiindrylandstoenhancesmallholderfarmersandwomen’scooperativeincome 91 7.892

19.DatePalmTreePlantingprogramby2020

Planting3milliondatepalmtreestoenhanceoases’productivityrate,combatdesertificationandhelppreventtheexodusofyouthpeoplefromruralareas

353 0.420

20.NationalDevelopmentofRangelandsProgramandRegulationofTranshumantFlows:Firstphaseby2020

Developrangelandsinawaythatwillcombatdesertification,enhancelivestockfarmers’incomeandprotectbiodiversity 70 0.582


21.AfforestationandReforestationProgram2010–2030

Afforestationanddeforestationover40,000hectaresbetween2010and2030tocombatdeforestation,thelossofwaterresources,animal,plantandlandbiodiversity.Protectupstreamriverbasinsagainstsiltingandwatererosion

2,290 28.358

22.ProgramCombattingSilting2010–2030

Stabilizationofdunesbyplantingvegetationbetween2010and2030(500hectaresperyear)tocombatsiltinganddesertification 82.4 0.909

23.ManagementofForestryClimateRisk2010–2030

LaunchinMay2016ofaNationalCentreforClimateandForestryRiskManagement(wildfires,healthofforests):surfaceareaof1,536hectaresperyearbetween2010and2030

253 2.625

24.EnergyEfficiencyCook-StoveProgram2010–2030

Distributionof1,600cookstovesperyearbetween2010and2015,andof6,000cookstoveperyearbetween2016and2030toreduceforestfuelwoodconsumptionwhencomparedtotraditionalcookstoves,toprovideforcoastalsideinhabitants’cookingandheatingneeds

15 0.030

Total—UnconditionalActions 26,268 257.870

ConditionalActions

25.NationalWindPlanby2030 Extensionofaction#1of2,000MW 3,500 18.139

26.NationalSolarPlanby2030

Extensionofaction#2of2,000MWfromthermodynamicconcentratedsolarpowerandphotovoltaicpowerplants 9,000 13.605

27.Micro-HydroPowerPlantsby2030

Implementationofmultiplemicro-hydropowerplants,reachingacapacityof100MWby2030 250 5.70

28.Combined-CyclePowerPlantsby2030 Extensionofproject#5toreachacapacityof4,750MW 1,020 10.173

29.NationalDevelopmentPlanofSolarWaterHeaters

Developmentofthesolarthermalfieldtoreach1,700,000m2by2030 945 15.22

30.Low-energylightinginresidentialhousing Putting14,700,000low-energylightbulbsintheresidentialsector 18 13.932

31.InstallationsofPhotovoltaicPanels

Implementationofaprogramtopromotephotovoltaicpanelsconnectedtothelow-voltagegridwithatargetof1,000MWcby2030 2,020 4.145

32.PublicLightingEnergyEfficiencyProgram

ImplementingapubliclightingenergyefficiencyprograminlargeMoroccancities 310 0.719

33.NaturalGasinthe Importliquefiedpetroleumgastoincreaseitsshareintheindustrialsector 650 9.548


IndustrialSectorby2030

asasubstituteforfueloil,andtoimproveefficiencyandlocalenvironment

34.BiomassValorizationProgramforIndustry

Takingstock,organizingandvaluingthebiomasssectorinordertopromotebiomassuseinindustryasasubstituteforfueloil 565 10.705

35.ImplementationProgramofanEnergyandOutputManagementSystem(EOMS),andoftheISO50001standardinIndustry

CreationofanImplementationProgramofanEnergyandOutputManagementSystem(EOMS),andoftheISO50001standardinindustry 52 1.587

36.ProjectforEnergyRecoveryfromCompressorsbetween2021and2025.

Implementationofapilotprojectforenergyrecoveryfromaircompressorsin250industrialcompanies 6 3.995

37.PilotProjectonImplementationofCentralizedProductionofUtilitiesforanIntegratedIndustrialPark

Creationofapilotprojectontoimplementcentralizedproductionofutilitiesforanintegratedindustrialpark 72 2.457

38.FlyAshRepurposingwithinBuildingMaterialsIndustry

ImplementationofaFlyAshRecyclingProjectwithinthebuildingmaterialsindustry 0.0 2.973

39.PolyvinylChloride(PVC)RecyclingProject ImplementationofaPVCrecyclingproject 0.2 0.117

40.NationalStrategyonLogisticsDevelopment

Implementationoftheseactions:eco-drivingtrainingoftruckdrivers,installationofphotovoltaicparks,theimprovementofmaintenanceandtechnicalcontroloftransportvehiclesandamodalshiftfromroadtorail

350 35.122

41.UpgradeofUtilityVehicles20YearsandOlderbetween2025and2030

Upgradeutilityvehiclesof20yearsandoldertolowertheirfuelconsumption,between2025and2030 3 2.216

42.Mechanicalbiologicaltreatmentand

Recyclinghouseholdwastethroughco-incineration,mechanicalbiologicaltreatment.Thisprocessinvolvesthefollowingmanipulations:mechanical 1,440 58.811


co-incinerationofhouseholdwaste

sortingandcrushing,biologicaltreatmentwithaerobicdrying.

43.RecyclingofGHGEmissionsfromWastewaterTreatmentPlants

Biogascollectionfromwastewatertreatmentplants(WWTP)forelectricitygeneration 620 9.267

44.OliveTreeProgram2020–2030 Extensionofaction#15over232,000hectares 628 6.591

45.FruitArboricultureProgram(excludingcitrusandolivetrees)2020–2030

Extensionofaction#16over112,000hectares 527 3.471

46.CitrusPlantingProgram2020-2030 Extensionofaction#17over28,000hectares 280 2.118

47.ArganTreePlantingProgram2020-2030

Plantingofargantreeson38,000hectarestoenhancevulnerablecommunities’resiliencetoclimatechange,increasecarbonstorageinbiomassandsoils,andindirectlyreducetheindustrialandanthropogenicpressureonnaturalargantreeforests

112 0.613

48.CactusPlantingProgram2020-2030 Extensionofaction#18over66,162hectares 47 3.808

49.FruitTree-PlantingProgram2020–2030

Plantingof15,000hectaresoffruittreestoimproveanddiversifysmallfarmers’income 88 0.726

50.DatePalmTreePlantingProgramby2020–2030

Extensionofaction#19over1.5milliondatepalmtrees 177 0.195

51.NationalDevelopmentofRangelandsProgramandRegulationofTranshumantFlows2020–2030

Extensionofaction#20over300,000hectaresbetween2020and2030 60 0.463

52.AfforestationandReforestationProgram2020–2030

Extensionofaction#21toreach60,000hectaresperyear 573 25.090


53.ProgramCombattingSilting2020–2030 Extensionofaction#22toreach800hectaresofvegetationperyear 25 0.735

54.ManagementofForestryClimateRisk2020–2030

Extensionofaction#23toreach2,304hectaresperyearinmanagedsurfacearea 63 3.345

55.EnergyEfficiencyCookStoveProgram2020–2030

Extensionofaction#24todistribute8,000cook-stovesperyear 3 0.023

Total—ConditionalActions 23,401 265.623Total—AllActions 49,669 523.493

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