2 • Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013

S ayN o

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What Is Drug Addiction?

Addiction is a chronic, often relapsingbrain disease that causes compulsive drugseeking and use, despite harmful conse-quences to the addicted individual and tothose around him or her. Alt-hough the ini-tial decision to take drugs is voluntary formost people, the brain changes that occurover time challenge an addicted person’sself control and hamper his or her abilityto resist intense impulses to take drugs.

Fortunately, treatments are available tohelp people counter addiction’s powerfuldisruptive effects. Research shows thatcombining addiction treatment medica-tions with behavioral therapy is the bestway to ensure success for most patients.Treatment approaches that are tailored toeach patient’s drug abuse patterns andany co-occurring medical, psychiatric, andsocial problems can lead to sustainedrecovery and a life without drug abuse.

Similar to other chronic, relapsing dis-eases, such as diabetes, asthma, or heartdisease, drug addiction can be managedsuccessfully. And as with other chronic

diseases, it is not uncommon for a personto relapse and begin abusing drugs again.Relapse, however, does not signal treat-ment failure—rather, it indicates that treat-ment should be reinstated or adjusted orthat an alternative treatment is needed tohelp the individual regain control andrecover.

What Happens to Your Brain WhenYou Take Drugs?

Drugs contain chemicals that tap intothe brain’s communication system and dis-rupt the way nerve cells normally send,receive, and process information. Thereare at least two ways that drugs cause thisdisruption: (1) by imitating the brain’s nat-ural chemical messengers and (2) by over-stimulating the “reward circuit” of thebrain.

Some drugs (e.g., marijuana and hero-in) have a similar structure to chemicalmessengers called neurotransmitters,which are naturally produced by the brain.This similarity allows the drugs to “fool”the brain’s receptors and activate nervecells to send abnormal messages.

Other drugs, such as cocaine ormethamphetamine, can cause the nervecells to release abnormally large amountsof natural neurotransmitters (mainlydopamine) or to prevent the normal recy-cling of these brain chemicals, which isneeded to shut off the signaling betweenneurons. The result is a brain awash indopamine, a neurotransmitter present inbrain regions that control movement,emotion, motivation, and feelings of pleas-ure. The overstimulation of this rewardsystem, which normally responds to natu-ral behaviors linked to survival (eating,spending time with loved ones, etc.), pro-duces euphoric effects in response to psy-choactive drugs. This reaction sets inmotion a reinforcing pattern that “teaches”people to repeat the rewarding behavior ofabusing drugs.

As a person continues to abuse drugs,the brain adapts to the overwhelmingsurges in dopamine by producing lessdopamine or by reducing the number ofdopamine receptors in the reward circuit.The result is a lessening of dopamine’simpact on the reward circuit, whichreduces the abuser’s ability to enjoy not

only the drugs but also other events in lifethat previously brought pleasure. Thisdecrease compels the addicted person tokeep abusing drugs in an attempt to bringthe dopamine function back to normal, butnow larger amounts of the drug arerequired to achieve the same dopaminehigh—an effect known as tolerance.

Long-term abuse causes changes inother brain chemical systems and circuitsas well. Glutamate is a neurotransmitterthat influences the reward circuit and theability to learn. When the optimal concen-tration of glutamate is altered by drugabuse, the brain attempts to compensate,which can impair cognitive function. Brainimaging studies of drug-addicted individu-als show changes in areas of the brain thatare critical to judgment, decision making,learning and memory, and behavior con-trol.

Together, these changes can drive anabuser to seek out and take drugs compul-sively despite adverse, even devastatingconsequences—that is the nature of addic-tion.

Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013 • 3

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4 • Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013

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Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013 • 5

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6 • Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013

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Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013 • 7

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8 • Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013Greet every daywith a smile, not

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Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013 • 9

The fish don’tuse drugs...

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10 • Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013Achieve all your

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Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013 • 11

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12 • Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013

Booze and drugscan harm you!

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Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013 • 13

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14 • Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013

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Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013 • 15

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16 • Morning Journal • Say No To Drugs Coloring Book 2013 • October 22, 2013