morgan's contemporary moral problems and copyright registration

8/14/2019 Morgan's Contemporary Moral Problems and Copyright Registration

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CONTEMPORARY MORAL PROBLEMS

&Copyright Registration (Existing and proposed)

BY: Morgan Jay T. Dee

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 PhilippinesLicense


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Chapter 1: Egoism and Moral Sceptism James Rachels

Quote: Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend toproduce the reverse of happiness.

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White/dp/0495553204/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1234224173&sr=8-1

What I expect to learn: To know more about egoism and moral sceptism.

Review:

Morality is the obligation we consider the welfare of other people when we decide what actions toperform or what rules to obey. Every person has his/her own morality thats why sometimes it is hard toteach people what to do because they have their own understanding or belief towards a certain thing.When we will do something we should be happy doing it and not think that we are being obliged to do itbecause when we think of it that way then the output of the things we are doing will not be so good. Inshort we should be unselfish to make people happy and at the same time we are doing something that weare proud of doing.

There are two types of egoism, the psychological egoism and the ethical egoism. Thepsychological egoism is the view that all men are selfish in everything that they do, that is, the only motivefrom which anyone ever acts is self-interest. The ethical egoism is by contrast a normative view abouthow men ought to act. The definition of psychological egoism for me is true because these days everyperson is really very selfish. I think that one of the reason why people are now selfish is because of theeconomy crisis happening. For example no people would like to lend money to others because they knowthat they might not pay or it is difficult to collect money from them. Ethical egoism is somehow related topsychological egoism because it is in the act of man if they would like to be selfish or not.

What I learned:

The things I have learned are the meaning of morality and how it is based in our situation rightnow, the psychology egoism and the ethical egoism.

Integrative questions?

1.) What is egoism in the first place?2.) What are the two types of egoism?3.) What is the egoism view that all men are selfish in everything that they do?4.) What is the egoism that is by contrast in a normative view about how men ought to act?5.) What is the obligation we consider the welfare of other people when we decide what actions

to perform?


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1.) Explain the legend of Gyges. What questions about morality are raised by the story?

Gyges was a shepherd who found a magic ring in a fissure opened by an earthquake.Whoever wears the ring can make them invisible and would enable them to go anywhere. Gyges usedthe magic ring in bad things. The morality that is raised by the story is commonly believed, would have

such iron strength of mind as to stand fast in doing right or keep his hands off other mens goods.

2.) Distinguish between psychological and ethical egoism.Psychological egoism is the view that all men are selfish in everything that they do, that is,

that the only motive from which anyone ever acts is self interest.Ethical egoism is, by contrast, a normative view about how men ought to act.

3.) Rachels discusses two arguments for psychological egoism. What are these arguments, and howdoes he reply to them?

First, the argument rests on premise that people never voluntarily do anything except whatthey want to do. But this is patiently false; there are at least two classes of actions that areexceptions to this generalization.

4.) What three commonplace confusions does Rachels detect in the thesis of psychological egoism?The three commonplace confusions Rachels detect in psychological egoism is unselfish

behavior, self-interest,

5.) State the argument for saying that ethical egoism is inconsistent. Why doesnt Rachels acceptthis argument?

Ethical egoism is inconsistent because it is by contrast a normative view about how men

ought to act. It is the view that, regardless of how men do in fact behave, they have noobligation to do anything except what is in their own interest. Rachels doesnt accept thisargument because it is very different than what we normally think. The majority of mankind isgrossly deceived about what is, or ought to be, the case where morals are concerned.

6.) According to Rachels, why shouldnt we hurt others, and why should we help others? How canthe egoist reply?

We shouldnt hurt others because he cares about what happens to that other person. Theegoist is saying that he has no affection for friends or family, that he never feels pity orcompassion, that he is the sort of person who can look on scenes of human misery with misery

with complete indifference, so long as he is not the one suffering.


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Discussion questions:

1.) Has Rachels answered the question raised by Glaucon, namely, Why be moral If so, whatexactly is his answer?

- Yes for me he has answered the question of Glaucon. So that we would know theprinciple of right and wrong.

2.) Are genuine egoists rare, as Rachels claims? Is it a fact that most people care about others,even people they dont know?

- I think that knowadays it is not what Rachels claims to be because many people noware selfish thats why they dont care for other people.

3.) Suppose we define ethical altruism as the view that one should always act for the benefit of others and never in ones own self interest. Is such a view immoral or not?

- For me it is not immoral because when you act for the benefit of others then theywill be happy and proud of you.


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Religion, Morality and Conscience John Arthur

Quote: Morality is Social

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What I expect to learn: What are religion, morality and conscience in ethics.

How can it help me in my daily life?

Review:

Many people have their own religion thats why human beings have different belief on things. It isdifficult to teach a person about a certain thing especially when the person has been trained to do it ordoing the same thing all the time. For example when your parents told you to pray every night of courseyou will be doing that all the time already even if other people are not praying at night. It has been yourtraining ground to pray at night. Morality is the obligation we consider the welfare of other people whenwe decide what actions to perform or what rules to obey. For example in the hospital we should not blowhorns or turn our cellular phones to silent mode because there are many people who will be disturbedespecially the patience thats why we should follow the rules and at the same time we should areconsidering the welfare of other people. Conscience is conformity to ones own sense of right conduct.This means that when we do something wrong it is in our feelings if we will regret the things we havedone or not. For example when a rubber stole money from the bank it will be his conscience whether heis happy when he did that. If only people right now have these three things in life then it will be a peacefulworld to live in because there are people who can help you especially when you feel that you cant moveon.

What I learned:

The things I have learned is that when you combine each of the three things in your life thenmany good result will come.

Integrative questions:

1.) Differentiate religion, morality and conscience based on ethics?2.) What is the obligation we consider the welfare of other people when they decide on what

actions to perform?3.) It is the conformity to ones own sense of right conduct.4.) It is a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny.5.) What will happen if you remove one of the three?

Review Questions:

1.) Morality is to tend to evaluate the behavior of others and to feel guilt at certain actions whenwe perform them. While Religion involves beliefs in supernatural power, typically expressedusing the notions of rules, rights and obligations.

2.) Religion isnt necessary for moral motivation because in religion there have their own morals.


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3.) For me religion isnt necessary as a source of moral knowledge because some people areusing their moral knowledge without basing it in religion they just know what is right from whatis wrong.

4.) The divine command theory is the Ten Commandments in the bible. Arthur rejects this theorybecause he knows that every person will have a sin no matter how he/she is good.

5.) Morality and religion are connected by the means of knowing what is right from what iswrong. Having good moral characters, virtue, and conscience.

6.) Morality is social means that religion is not necessary in providing moral motivation orguidance, and that the religious person should not subscribe to the divine command theorysclaim that God is necessary for there to be morality. In short morality and religion does notdepend on each other.

Discussion Questions:

1.) Arthur didnt refute the divine command theory yet because it is very hard to find a proof thatArthurs theory is right from what we have already learned.

2.) We can have an obligation to non humans by the language and imagination we rehearse theresponses of others just as we dramatically enact other consequences.

3.) Moral education can not only be taught but must be. Early moral training, moral thinkingdepends on our ability to imagine others reactions and to imaginatively put ourselves intoothers shoes.


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Master- and Slave-Morality Friedrich Nietzsche

Quote: What is injurious to me is injurious to itself


What I expect to learn: To know more about Master and slave morality.

Review:

In the name itself we can already know about the topic that is going to be discussed because wehave heard about master and slave morality. We should not think that we are always the master becauseonce our wealth are gone then we will have a hard time dealing with life again. God treated every personequally thats why we should follow him and not do the things we want. When we treat people as a slavewe are already breaking the law because every person how poor the person is we cant still treat them asslave. All of us have our own purpose in life thats why we should try to fulfill those purpose/dreams.Before there are many slaves in several parts of the world but know things have change thats why thereare no more slaves. The law is also not allowing slavery because it is already a violation of human rights.For me I think that there is still slavery happening in our country right now. For example in companiesthere are also people who have favoritism thats why sometimes the people who are in the high positionwill always command the people who have no position. All of us want to be a master but it is not thateasy to do it. Thats why I appreciate those slaves before because even if they work hard they know theirlimitations not like now even if you are just an employee they have the guts to scold their boss.

What I learned:

I have fully understood about Master and Slave-morality.


1.) What does Master and slave-morality mean?2.) Can this morality help our country?3.) Why does the law not allow slavery anymore?4.) What are the consequences once you are caught slavering people?5.) Why do people want to think that they are the master?

Review questions:

1.) A good and healthy society is by obeying the law, people are not greedy, people have theirconscience towards other people, no corruption and religious people.

2.) Injury, violence, and exploitation may result in a certain rough sense in good conduct amongindividuals when the necessary conditions are given (namely, the actual similarity of the

individuals in amount of force and degree of worth, and their co-relation within oneorganization.

3.) Master-morality and slave morality are all in higher and mixed civilizations, there are alsoattempts at the reconciliation of the two moralities; but one finds still oftener the confusionand mutual misunderstanding of them, indeed, sometimes their close juxtaposition even inthe same man, within one soul.

4.) The will to power is precisely the Will to life. Granting that as a theory this is a novelty- as areality it is the fundamental fact of all history: let us be so far honest towards ourselves!


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1.) For me I think that this justification charges are not justified because even if they get this kind ofcharges some people will have no proof to this charges because it is his ideas thats why he can

justify of what he is saying.2.) Creator of values is a person who confers honour on things, he honours whatever he recognizes

in himself: such morality is self glorification.


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Trying out ones new sword Mary Midgley

Quote: theres something very good here, but I cant quite make out what it is yet


What I expect to learn: To know the culture of samurai in Japan.

Review:

Every country has their own culture and it is difficult to tell them to change because they havegrew with it and it is not that easy to forget or remove the traits youve been doing since you are a kid.Finally Japanese have removed their culture in trying out ones new sword because for many people it iscrazy and it is immoral to do that. I think that there are still countries that allow people to kill peoplebecause of their culture. For me I am happy that our culture is very different from other countries becauseif we are like Japanese culture in trying out ones new sword then no tourist will like to come to ourcountry. As I read it you as a reader will also be very afraid because of the things they are doing to theirown people. As a Chinese it is nice that they are training their kids to work at an early age so that whenthey grow up they already know how to run a business and manage their own money/salary. I know thatthere are many different nice cultures in different countries. As long as they are still doing or followingtheir culture/tradition then that would be very nice. Thats why we should not think that even if we areused to that culture we will follow our own culture in different countries. It is very dangerous when we dont follow the culture of other countries because we might be sentenced to jail or we may be deported.

What I have learned: To follow the culture of different countries.


1.) What does trying out ones new sword do?2.) If you are to have the same culture as Japan would you consider this as legal or illegal?3.) Why should we follow the culture of other countries?4.) Do you consider trying out ones new sword as a strange stuff to do?5.) How can we change the concept of people towards the law?

Review questions:

1.) Moral isolationism is the attitude of other cultures.2.) Tsujigiri literally crossroads-cut A samurai sword had to be tried out because, if it was to a

single blow, from the shoulder to the opposite flank. Otherwise, the warrior bungled his stroke.Does the isolating barrier work both ways? Are people in other cultures equally unable to criticizeus?

3.) The wrong things in moral isolationism are that we criticize cultures that we dont understand.4.) Midgley criticizes other cultures because they are essentially a doctrine of immoralism because it

forbids any moral reasoning.


1.) For me I think that somehow he has a fair assessment about Nietzsche because that is what hethinks about that person and it is hard to correct people especially in their belief or understanding.

2.) For me I agree that the idea of separate and unmixed cultures is unreal because every countryhas different people with different cultures.


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Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill

Quote:


What I expect to learn: Utilitarianism

To know more about utilitarianism

Review:

An example of Utilitarianism for me is the Bible because it teaches us the good things we shoulddo in life. Even if many people have different religion I think that in somehow the bible can make thembelieve that everything that is good is in the Bible. A good life would make anyone very happy becauseeverything is there and it is very peaceful at the same time. I think a good life has already happenedbefore for example there are only few people living in the country before thats why it is still peaceful evenif you left your things on the road next day when you come to see it its still there but when you just forgetyour things in just one look your belonging is already gone. I think one of the reasons why many peoplehave change because of the economy they cant live when they dont cheat. Many people are now actingon their selfish reason. The greatest happiness principle, the ultimate end, with reference to and for thesake of which all other things are desirable is an existence exempt as far as possible from pain, and asrich as possible in enjoyments, both in point of quantity and quality; every human beings happiness is ofcourse money or material things but if we could change our mindset and not think of it that way then wewill have a good life because no material things is tempting us or bothering us to buy it.

What I learned:

I understood the meaning and the concept of utilitarianism.


1.) What is utilitarianism?2.) How can it help in our life?3.) What is the greatest happiness principle of utilitarianism?4.) Why are people acting on their selfish reason?5.) What does a good life mean?

Review questions:

1.) The principle of utility (or the greatest happiness principle) and the hedonistic principle thathappiness is pleasure. Lying and stealing are conventionally viewed as wrong because it

produces the reverse of happiness.2.) Epicureans have been by many means faultless in drawing out their scheme of consequencesfrom the utilitarian principle.

3.) Higher and lower pleasures can be distinguished by one of the two who are competentlyacquainted with both, placed so far above the other that they prefer it, even though knowing it tobe attended with a greater amount of discontent, and would not resign it for any quantity of theother pleasure which their nature is capable of.


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4.) It is indisputable that the being whose capacities of enjoyment are low, has the greatest chanceof having them fully satisfied; and a highly endowed being will always feel that any happinesswhich he can look for, as the world is constituted, is imperfect.

5.) Mills principle of utility is if one does not give him no pleasure, and the other no pain, he wouldnot love or desire virtue, or would desire it only for the other benefits which it might produce tohimself or to persons whom he cared for.

Discussion questions:1.) I think that happiness is more than pleasure because with pleasure you can have happiness and

with happiness there is no need to have pleasure. Happiness is more than the absence of painbecause with the absence of pain it would be peaceful.

2.) I think it depends on what kind of pleasure because there are pleasures that are really high topeople and there are also pleasures that are low.

3.) I think that this is true because before people are very happy and they dont have any problems inlife but now things has change.

4.) I think that Mills principle of utility is not defective because it depends on people what theyunderstand about the principle of utility.


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The Debate over Utilitarianism James Rachels

Quote Man does not strive after happiness; only the Englishman does that


Learning expectation: To know what is the idea of people about utilitarianism

The things we should consider in utilitarianism.

Review:

Classical utilitarianism has three propositions the first actions are to be judged right or wrongsolely in virtue of their consequences. The second is assessing consequences the only thing that mattersis the amount of happiness or unhappiness that is caused. Third is in calculating happiness orunhappiness that will be caused, no ones happiness is to be counted as more important than anyoneelses. In my understanding the first actions example is by helping those people who are in need when wehelp them then our conscience tells us that we just made a right decision but when we dont help themour conscience will bother us. The second actions example is when we give food or money to thosepeople who are in need it already depends whether they are satisfied in the things we gave to them ornot. The third actions example is by looking at their faces if they got satisfied or not. I know we cant reallymeasure happiness easily but I think that when we help people then that is already a part of happiness inour part at the same time in the part of the person who we helped. I can see that even in small things wecan make people happy thats why we should not think that small things are useless. For example in apainting each small detail of the painting can make people be satisfied. Happiness is one of the best traitor culture of many Filipinos. Even if they have many problems they still laugh or are happy.

What I learned: Classical utilitarianism

The three propositions of utilitarianism.


1.) What is classical utilitarianism?2.) What are the three propositions of utilitarianism?3.) Do these three propositions apply to people?4.) Why is utilitarianism a measurement of happiness?5.) Does this three propositions still being applied?

Review questions:

1.) The three propositions of classical utilitarianism first is actions are not to be judged right or wrong

solely in virtue of their consequences. Second in assessing consequences, the only thing thatmatters is the amount of happiness or unhappiness that is caused. Third in calculating thehappiness or unhappiness that will be caused, no ones happiness is to be counted as moreimportant than anyone elses.

2.) Hedonism misunderstands the nature of happiness. English philosopher tried to compile shortlists of things to be regarded as good in themselves


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3.) The objection about justice is if someone were in this position, then on utilitarian grounds heshould bear false witness against the innocent person. Rights that may not be trampled on merelybecause one anticipates good results. Promise has an exclusive concern with the consequences,Utilitarianism has us confine our attention to what will happen as a result of our actions.

4.) Rule utilitarianism has no difficulty coping with the three antiutilitarian argument. An act-

utilitarian faced with the situation described by McCloskey, would be tempted to bear falsewitness against the innocent man because the consequences of that particular act would begood.

5.) The third line of defense- arguments point out that the classical theory is at odds with ordinarynotions of justice, individual rights, and so on; to this their response is essentially so what?


1.) I think this is not acceptable because it is hard to reject common moral beliefs with utilitarianismbecause it can affect many things.

2.) All must be considered with moral even non human animals, lakes and streams.

3.) Yes I agree that merit should be given moral consideration.


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The categorical imperative Immanuel Kant

Quote Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become auniversal law

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White/dp/0495553204/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1234224173&sr=8-1

Learning expectation: To know more about the meaning of categorical imperative.

Review:

Good will for me is being kind and compassion. With these two personalities we can have manyfriends because I know that there are already few people who have this personality. If we can be kind andhave compassion then we should do so because it is a nice practice and you will also be respected.Some qualities are even helpful to this good will itself and can make its task very much easier. The goodwill and its results is not good because of what it effects or accomplishes- because of its fitness forattaining some proposed end: it is good through its willing alone- that is good in itself. The good will andduty includes that of a good will, exposed however, to certain subjective limitations and obstacles. Themotive of duty for me is that when somebody ask you to do something they want you to give them your100% so that they will be satisfied on the things they ask you to do and maybe they will also give you tip.Another motive of duty is being responsible. The categorical imperative contains only the necessity thatour maxim should conform to this law, while the law, as we have seen, contains no condition to limit it,there remains nothing over to which the maxim has to conform except the universality of a law as such;and it is this conformity alone that the imperative properly asserts to be necessary. In my understandingthis means that we should follow the law no matter what.

What I learned: The meaning of categorical imperative.


1.) What is the meaning of categorical imperative?2.) What does good will mean to people?3.) What are some qualities that are helpful to this good will?4.) What does maxim mean?5.) Is it necessary to think that categorical imperative is always necessity that our maxim should

conform this law.

Review questions:

1.) Good will is not good because of what it effects or accomplishes because of its fitness forattaining some proposed end: it is good through its willing alone- that is good in itself.

2.) Hypothetical imperative in general is that we dont know beforehand what it will contain until itscondition is given while categorical imperative we know at once what it contains.

3.) The formulation of categorical imperative is what serves the will as its principle, and must soserve it if duty is not to be everywhere an empty delusion and a chimerical concept.

4.) The ordinary reason of mankind also agrees with this completely in its practical judgements andalways has the afore said principle before its eyes.


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1.) I think that the two versions of categorical imperative are just different expressions of onebasic rule because it serves the will as its principle and it is completely practical judgementsand always has the afore.

2.) I think that I dont agree on this because sometimes even if you have a motive to do a dutythere is sometimes a possibility of not having a moral worth. Example: for example packingup your clothes because youre going to a camping there is no moral worth in that duty.

3.) I think that it is a good criticism because that is what people understands about the firstformulation and it is very hard to explain to people especially when they already believe thatparticular thing.


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Happiness and Virtue Aristotle

Quote: For men are good in but one way, but bad in many

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Learning expectation: To fully understand the meaning of happiness and virtue from Aristotle.

Review:

Happiness according to Aristotle is not pleasure, honor or wealth but an activity of the soul inaccordance with virtue. For me I dont agree with the definition of Aristotle about happiness becausehappiness is composed of pleasure, honor or wealth without this things people will not be happy or cantlive. There are also two types of virtue the intellectual and the moral virtue. The moral virtue comes fromtraining and habit, and generally is a state of character that is a mean between the vices of excess anddeficiency. The intellectual virtue in the main owes both its birth and its growth to teaching (for whichreason it requires experience and time). Many philosophers have their own understanding of a certainthing. Thats why it very hard to correct them because they still have a point in their defense. All peoplehave their own understanding of happiness thats why it is difficult when we have a particular answertowards something because we have different ideas. For example some people are happy when they areusing drugs, some people are happy when they have a lot of money, and many more. In virtue we alsohave our own understanding. In my understanding about moral virtue it is what we see in our daily life orthe things we like to do. Intellectual virtue is when you were still a baby you have already this virtue. All ofus has our own intellectual virtue. This intellectual virtue helps us decide in the things we do every day.

Lessons learned: The meaning of Happiness from Aristotle.

The meaning of virtue from Aristotle.

The two types of virtue, the intellectual and the moral.


1.) What is happiness and pleasure according to Aristotle?2.) Why do some people disagree with Aristotle?3.) What are the two types of virtue?4.) What is more important between those two virtues?5.) In your own understanding what does happiness and virtue mean?


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Review Questions

1.) What is happiness, according to Aristotle? How is it related to virtue? How is it related topleasure?- Happiness according to Aristotle is not pleasure, honor or wealth but an activity of the soul in

accordance with virtue. There are two kinds of virtue moral and intellectual.

2.) How does Aristotle explain Moral virtue? Give some examples.- Moral virtue comes from training and habit, and generally is a state of character that is a

mean between the vices of excess and deficiency. Example: Aristotle portrays the virtue ofcourage as a mean between the extremes and rashness and cowardice.

3.) Is it possible for everyone in our society to be happy, as Aristotle explains it?- For me I think that it is impossible for people to be happy in our society because even if you

have a moral and intellectual virtue without wealth you still cant get what you want thats whyyou would do something bad just to get the things you want.

Discussion Questions

1.) Aristotle characterizes a life of a pleasure as suitable for beasts. But what, if anything, is wrongwith a life of pleasure?

- When you get use to a life of pleasure then it will be very difficult to adjust when it is gone.

2.) Aristotle claims that the philosopher will be happier than anyone else. Why is this? Do you agreeor not?- For me I agree on this because Philosophers are smart, they know what to do and they have

their own belief on a particular thing that would make them happy. People are happyespecially when they like the things they are doing.


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The nature and value of rights Joel Feinberg

Quote: Stand up like men


Learning expectation: To learn about the nature and value of rights.

The meaning of nature and value of rights.

Review:

In my understanding this means that the value of each individual is very valuable that even therichest person in the world could not buy it. As human we have our right thats why we should fight for itespecially when we know that we are true about a certain thing. Some people are afraid of those peoplewho have a high position because they know that they will lose. For me it is not right to be scared or beafraid because when we know we are right we have the guts and confidence of saying the truth andnothing but the truth. The only reason we should be scared is that when we know that we are telling a liebecause no matter how we are good in telling lies someday we will be caught and it is the same thing. Forexample when a jeepney driver got hit by a nice car. When the owner of the car knows that he is strongerthan the jeepney driver then he will tell the police that it is not his fault. Sometimes the owner of the carcan give a large amount of money to the police so that the police will not have a lot of questions. In thatsituation we can see that the jeepney driver is very pitied because he is scared of the rich person. Here inour country many people have a hard time fighting for their rights because they know that they have nomoney to pay for an atty. thats why they just let the situation/happening past.

Lessons learned: I fully understood the nature and value of rights.


1.) What is the nature and value of rights?2.) Why is our rights valuable?3.) What are the different types of right?4.) Give example of rights of people?5.) What is the significance of this right to us?

Review questions:

1.) Nowheresville is different from our world by the rights of people. In our world people have theirrights while in Nowheresville people have no right thats why they cant make moral claims whenthey are treated unjustly.

2.) The logical correlativity that all duties entail other peoples rights and all rights entail otherpeoples duties. Feinbergs position on this doctrine is in a sense of yes and a sense of no.

3.) If people have rights in their society then it can work.


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Taking rights seriously Ronald Dworkin

Quote:


Learning expectation: What are the rights that we should take seriously?

What are the different rights?

Review:

We should really take our rights seriously because that is part of being a human being. Thedifferent rights are political rights of its citizens, moral rights, rights of free speech, equality, and dueprocess and many more. Political rights is the right of each individual to vote for people who they like torule their government and once this right is violated many people will protest because it is not all the timethat they like their ruler. Moral rights are the right of each individual to know the principles of right andwrong or conforming the standards of behavior. When this right is violated people will think of it asfreedom because there will no longer be the principle of right and wrong but many people will sufferbecause every people wants the same thing and once that particular thing is limited then people will startkilling each other. Rights of free speech, equality and due process are the rights of each individual toexpress their feeling towards something. Equality is the rights of each individual to be treated fairly orequally. Before the right of speech has been violated because of strong people in the government or theracist issue. But now the right of speech has lessened. When the equality right has been violated manypeople will also protest because this is not a military base country. Taking this rights seriously to letpeople know that we are strong enough so that no one will make fun of us.

Lessons learned:

The different rights of each individual.

The different rights that we should take seriously.

Integrative question:

1.) What are the different rights of people?2.) Why do we need to take the different rights seriously?3.) What will happen if we have no rights?4.) What is the right you see can make our world or country change?5.) What will happen if our right has been violated?


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A theory of justice John Rawls

Quote:


Learning expectation: To know what is the theory of justice.

Review:

We all know that Justice is the involvement of people in the determination of rights and theassignment of rewards and punishments. Without justice many people will kill each other anytimebecause they know that no one will sue them afterwards. We are to imagine that those who engage insocial cooperation choose together, in one joint act, the principles which are to assign basic rights andduties and to determine the division of social benefits. In justice everyone is treated equally especiallywhen you did something bad. Even the richest or well known person is treated by justice equally. Forexample an artist killed his fellow artist the artist could not escape the things he/she have done becauseof the law and at the same time justice. One feature of justice as fairness is to think of the parties in theinitial situation as rational and mutually disinterested. In working out the conception of justice as fairnessone main task clearly is to determine which principles of justice would be chosen in the original position.The basic liberties of citizens are political liberty, together with freedom of speech and assemble; liberty ofconscience and freedom of thought; freedom of the person along with the right to hold property; andfreedom from arbitrary arrest and seizure as defined by the concept of the rule of law. This freedom isvery important to people because without this, people will have a hard time to live the life. For examplewhen we are ruled by a military it is very difficult to move because they are strict and at the same timethey train their people to stand on their own feet.

Lessons learned: The theory of justice.

The importance of justice in our society.


1.) Why is justice important to our society?2.) What will happen if there is no justice in our country?3.) What are the different kinds of freedom?4.) What freedom you think is the best?5.) How can we fight our freedom or how can we fight for justice?


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The need for more than justice Annette Baier

Quote: The concept of identity expands to include the experience of affiliative relationship


Learning expectation: To know more on the need for more than justice.

Review:

The justice in our country is not that good because it is very long to have justice not like othercountries it is very quick. For example: When a student got killed by a rich person of course there is ahearing in court then the rich person can even pay the judge or atty. to win the case but the parents of thestudent has no money thats why they just ask for justice but with no money it is very hard to get their

justice. The cold jealous virtue of justice is found to be too cold, and it is warmer more communitarianvirtues and social ideas that are being called in to supplement it. Justice is a social value of very greatimportance, and injustice an evil. It is true that justice is a very great importance because it can helpthose people who have been a victim of something. Injustice is evil because it doesnt help those peoplewho are victimized but it is favorable by those bad people. In our situation right now we really need morethan justice because there are those people who dont care about the things they do that sometimes theydont have a fear in God thats why they kill. It is very difficult when the people in our country are nottrained with good moral characters. Many people are very selfish nowadays because of their greed. Evenif we have the nicest attorney or lawyers in town it is still useless because they are also greedy they wanta high pay so that they will also try to win the case for you.

Lessons learned: The need for more than justice.


1.) Why do we need more than justice?2.) Why is justice very important?3.) Why is injustice evil?4.) How can justice help our life?5.) What does the cold jealous virtue of justice mean?


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Existing use case diagram


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Use case: existing copyright registration system

Title: Fill-up application form

Summary: The Applicant will get the application form online then print it.

Actors: Applicant

Creation date: Feb. 28, 2009

Version: 1.0

Person in charge: Morgan Jay T. Dee

Flow of events:

Pre-condition: The applicant prints the copyright application form.

Main success scenario:

The applicant will fill-up the copyright application form manually.

Alternative sequence:

The applicant didnt have the said requirements to fill-up the application form.

Error sequence:

When wrong information are filled in the application form.

Post condition:

The applicant successfully filled up the application form.


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Title: Notarize application form

Summary: The Applicant will let the application form be notarized.

Actors: Applicant, Attorney


Version: 1.0


Flow of events:

Pre-condition: The applicant has filled up the form completely.


1.) The applicant will go to the nearest Notary.2.) The applicant will pay the attorney a certain amount to be notarized.3.) The attorney will give back the application form to the applicant.


1.) The applicant cant find any notary store.

2.) The applicant has lack amount of money to pay the notarization fee.

Error sequence:

The attorney has lost the application form of the applicant.

Post condition:

The applicant successfully let the application form be notarized.


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Title: Pay copyrighting fee.

Summary: The Applicant will pay the said amount in the copyrighting fee.

Actors: Applicant, Cashier


Version: 1.0


Flow of events:

Pre-condition: The applicant has the amount of money to pay the copyrighting fee.


The applicant will pay the application fee to the cashier.

The applicant gets the receipt of the application fee.


The applicant lack the amount of money to pay the necessary fees needed.

Error sequence:

The applicant didnt pay the right amount of money to the cashier.

Post condition:

The applicant successfully paid for the application fee.


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Title: Pay stamp

Summary: The Applicant will pay stamp.

Actors: Applicant, Stamp personnel


Version: 1.0


Flow of events:

Pre-condition: The applicant has all the requirements in the application form and has paid for the fee.


1.) The applicant will pay the stamp to the stamp personnel.

2.) The applicant gets the stamp from the stamp personnel.


There are no more stamps left.

Error sequence:

1.) The applicant has insufficient money to pay the stamp.

2.) The stamp had been lost by the applicant.

Post condition:

The applicant successfully paid the stamp.


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Title: Submit application form.

Summary: The applicant will submit the application form to the collecting officer.

Actors: Applicant, Collecting officer


Version: 1.0


Flow of events:

Pre-condition: The applicant has paid the necessary fees.


1.) The applicant will submit the application form.

2.) The collecting officer will verify and issue a claim slip to the applicant.


1.) The applicant lost the official receipt.

Error sequence:

The applicant has incomplete requirements to submit the application form.

Post condition:

The applicant successfully submitted the application form to the collecting officer.


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Existing activity diagram

Fill up application form

Applicant

Start

Finish

Get application

form online

Print applicationform

Fill-up applicationform


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Notarize application form

Applicant Attorney

start

Finish

Fill up applicationform

Go to notarypublic

Give application

form

Notarizeapplication form

Receive notarize

application form

Pay amount of

notarization fee


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Pay copyrighting fee

Applicant Cashier

Start

Finish

Go to cashier

Give payment

Receive payment

Issue receipt

Gives receipt

Receive receipt


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Pay Stamp

Applicant Stamp personnel

Start

Finish

Go to 6 th floor

Buy stamp

Receive payment

Give stamp

Receive stamp


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Applicant Collecting officer

Start

Finish

Give stamp and

receipt

Receive stamp and

receipt

Issue claim slip

Receive claim slip

and receipt

Leave


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Proposed use case diagram


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Use case: proposed copyright registration system

Title: Fill-up application form

Summary: The Applicant will get the application form online then print it.

Actors: Applicant


Version: 1.0


Flow of events:

Pre-condition: The applicant prints the copyright application form.


The applicant will fill-up the copyright application form manually.


The applicant didnt have the said requirements to fill-up the application form.

Error sequence:

When wrong information are filled in the application form.

Post condition:

The applicant successfully filled up the application form.


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Title: Notarize application form

Summary: The Applicant will let the application form be notarized.

Actors: Applicant, Attorney


Version: 1.0


Flow of events:

Pre-condition: The applicant has filled up the form completely.


4.) The applicant will go to the nearest Notary.5.) The applicant will pay the attorney a certain amount to be notarized.6.) The attorney will give back the application form to the applicant.


3.) The applicant cant find any notary store.

4.) The applicant has lack amount of money to pay the notarization fee.

Error sequence:

The attorney has lost the application form of the applicant.

Post condition:

The applicant successfully let the application form be notarized.


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Title: Pay stamps and copyrighting fee.

Summary: The Applicant will pay the said amount in the stamp and the copyrighting fee.

Actors: Applicant, Cashier


Version: 1.0


Flow of events:

Pre-condition: The applicant has the amount of money to pay the stamp and the copyrighting fee.


The applicant will pay the stamp and application fee to the cashier.

The applicant gets the receipt of the application fee.


The applicant lack the amount of money to pay the necessary fees needed.

Error sequence:

The applicant didnt pay the right amount of money to the cashier.

Post condition:

The applicant successfully paid for the stamp and application fee.


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Title: Submit application form.

Summary: The applicant will submit the application form to the collecting officer.

Actors: Applicant, Collecting officer


Version: 1.0


Flow of events:

Pre-condition: The applicant has paid the necessary fees.


3.) The applicant will submit the application form.

4.) The collecting officer will verify and issue a claim slip to the applicant.


2.) The applicant lost the official receipt.

Error sequence:

The applicant has incomplete requirements to submit the application form.

Post condition:

The applicant successfully submitted the application form to the collecting officer.


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Proposed Activity diagram

Fill up application form

Applicant

Get applicationform

Fill up application

form


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Notarize application form

Applicant Attorney

[Incorrect]

[Correct]

Pay for notarizationfee

Receive payment

Check payment

Notarize

application form

Return

application form

Receive

application form


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Payment of copyright fee and stamp

Applicant Cashier

[Incorrect]

[Correct]

Pay stamps and

copyrighting fee

Receive and check

payment

Process request and

record transaction

Give Officialreceipt

Receive Official

receipt


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Submit application form

Applicant Collecting officer

[Valid] [Invalid]

Present copies of documents

to be copyrighted

Present Official

receipts

Validate official

recei t

Approve form Reject form

Return official

recei t

Receive official receipt

morgan's contemporary moral problems and copyright registration

Documents