morgan advanced materials, ceramics expo
TRANSCRIPT
www.morganadvancedmaterials.com
Improving safety in lithium-ion batteriesusing thermally stable separators
including ceramic coatings
Ceramics Expo April 26, 2016
Richard Clark [email protected]
Contents
• Overview of Morgan Advanced Materials• Role and types of separators in lithium ion batteries• Separators – market situation• Introduction to advanced non-woven separators• Questions
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Morgan Advanced Materials
Founded in England in 1856Ticker on LSE: MGAM2015 revenue: GBP911.8 million (USD1.3 billion)2 Divisions and 6 Global Business Units
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Focus on technically demanding, growth markets
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Energy
Electronics
Healthcare
Transportation
Security and Defence
PetrochemicalIndustrial
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Morgan Advanced Materials
Global Business Units
Thermal Ceramics
Molten Metal Systems
Electrical Carbon
Seals and Bearings
Technical Ceramics
Composites and Defense Systems
indicates GBU with one or more LIB industry solutions
Contents
• Overview of Morgan Advanced Materials• Role and types of separators in lithium ion batteries• Separators – market situation• Introduction to advanced non-woven separators• Questions
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Ceramics in lithium-ion battery separators
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In 2000, for ion permeable separators, the market was essentially 100% polyolefin, but by 2015 ceramic is included in 44% (by area)
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Separators
Ion conducting
Polymer (gel)
PVDF
Ceramic or glass
NaSICON, others
Ion permeable
Polymer
Porous: PE / PP / PVDF
Fibrous: Non-woven
Ceramic / composite
Alumina, Zirconia, Silica
Shift is primarily based on drive for safety and market changes in product type and cell size
Market data from Christophe Pillot, Avicenne
Lithium-ion batteries and role of separator
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Source: Argonne National Laboratory, used under Creative Commons license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/legalcode)
• Main battery components• Anode• Cathode• Electrolyte• Separator
• Separator has three jobs• Barrier to electrodes• Window to ions• Reservoir for electrolyte
• Ideal separator would take up no space, weigh nothing and be free!
• Separators also play a key role in battery performance and in safety
Features of separators
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Characteristic Control parameters
Barrier to electrodes
Thickness, mechanical strength, dielectric strength
Ion conduction Air permeability, ionic resistance, tortuosity, pore size, pore distribution
Electrolyte reservoir
Porosity, wettability
Feature Importance for battery
Chemical stability
Safety, cycle life
Thickness and pore size
Capacity and power
Shut-down feature
Safety (thermal runaway)
Thermal stability
Low shrinkage, high temperature integrity
Uniformity Cell balancing
Features data derived from Polypore 2012 Investor Day presentation; Market information supplied by and used with permission of Christophe Pillot, Avicenne, “The Rechargeable Battery Market and Main Trends 2015 to 2025”, Lithium Battery International Summit, Shenzhen, China, April 9 to 12, 2016
Contents
• Overview of Morgan Advanced Materials• Role and types of separators in lithium ion batteries• Separators – market situation• Introduction to advanced non-woven separators• Questions
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Market situation and development
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LIB separator market, M$,CAGR 2005/2015: +16%
Average selling price (2015) = US$1.24/m2
LIB separator supplier,market share (US$) in 2015
Others: TDK/Nitto Denko, Foshan Jinhui Hi-Tech, Shenzhen Senior Technology Material, Xinxiang Green next Energy, DuPont,…
Information supplied by and used with permission of Christophe Pillot, Avicenne, “The Rechargeable Battery Market and Main Trends 2015 to 2025”, Lithium Battery International Summit, Shenzhen, China, April 9 to 12, 2016
Continuing rapid growth – CAGR 12% for next decade
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Assumptions (1)From 900 million m² in 2015 to almost 3000 million m² in 2025
Are
a of
sep
arat
ors
(1) Taking into account cell and pack process yield
Information supplied by and used with permission of Christophe Pillot, Avicenne, “The Rechargeable Battery Market and Main Trends 2015 to 2025”, Lithium Battery International Summit, Shenzhen, China, April 9 to 12, 2016
The number of patent applications for lithium battery separators has increased rapidly since 1990
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1990-1
1992-3
1994-5
1996-7
1998-9
2000-1
2002-3
2004-5
2006-7
2008-9
2010-11
2012-13
2014-15
050
100150200250300350
ApplicationsPolyolefinCelluloseCeramicNon-woven
Num
ber o
f app
licat
ions
/ in
terv
al
Notes: a) Search conducted using PatSnap® of patent applications including “Separator” in title and
“Lithium” and “Separator” in claims - other terms listed were also in claims b) “Polyolefin” search incorporated “Polyethylene”, “Polypropylene” and “PTFE”c) “Ceramic” search incorporated “Alumina”d) Numbers are of INPADOC family representatives
Contents
• Overview of Morgan Advanced Materials• Role and types of separators in lithium ion batteries• Separators – market situation• Introduction to advanced non-woven separators• Questions
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DreamWeaver Technology: Nanofiber nonwovens from advanced fibers stable >500°C
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• Nanofiber on microfiber• Nanofibers form good barrier• Microfibers give open structure
• Good window• Microfibers also add strength• Has potential to be thinnest high
temperature separator in the world Advantages• Temperature stability• Safety• Chemical stability• Rate capability
Images and information provided by and used with permission of Dr. Brian Morin, CEO, DreamWeaver
170°C hot box performance test
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0:00:00 0:14:24 0:28:48 0:43:12 0:57:36 1:12:00 1:26:24 1:40:480
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
PP Ceramic TempSilver Temp Gold Temp
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
0:00:00 0:14:24 0:28:48 0:43:12 0:57:36 1:12:00 1:26:24 1:40:481
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
PP Ceramic VoltageSilver Voltage Gold Voltage
Temperature vs Time Voltage vs Time
Polyolefin separators failed at softening point of polymer. DWI separators did not fail.Images and information provided by and used with permission of Dr. Brian Morin, CEO, DreamWeaver
Nail penetration performance test
Voltage
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0:00:00 0:07:12 0:14:24 0:21:360
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
PP Voltage Ceramic PE VoltageDWI Silver Voltage DWI Gold Voltage
Volta
ge (V
)
0:00:00 0:02:52 0:05:45 0:08:38 0:11:31 0:14:24 0:17:16 0:20:0915
35
55
75
95
115
135
PP Temp Ceramic PE TempDWI Silver Temp DWI Gold Temp
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
Temperature
DWI Silver & Gold maintained their voltage and functionality during the test, unlike polyolefin separators
DWI Silver & Gold had slower temperature increase and reached a lower maximum temperature than polyolefin separators Images and information provided by and used with
permission of Dr. Brian Morin, CEO, DreamWeaver
Nail penetration test – standard PP material
• Maximum cell temperature 75°C• Significant shrinkage around nail• Significant shrinkage far from nail• Splitting character around nail
• Anisotropic tear characteristics• Significant exposed electrode
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Images and information provided by and used with permission of Dr. Brian Morin, CEO, DreamWeaver
Nail penetration test – standard PE/Ceramic material
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• Maximum cell temperature 115 °C• Significant shrinkage around nail• Cracking and splitting around nail
• Isotropic strength character• Significant exposed electrode
Images and information provided by and used with permission of Dr. Brian Morin, CEO, DreamWeaver
Nail penetration test – DreamWeaver Silver
• Maximum cell temperature 63°C• No shrinkage • No cracking or splitting • Physical damage from nail
penetration• Some charring around nail• No visible exposed electrode
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Nail penetration test – DreamWeaver Gold
• Maximum cell temperature 41°C• No shrinkage • No cracking or splitting • Physical damage from nail
penetration• No charring• No visible exposed electrode
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Nail penetration: what is happening
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• Prior to test, electrodes are isolated• Nail closes circuit from aluminum to copper• HEAT is generated
• Traditional Separator• Heat melts and cracks separator• Anode and cathode touch• Electrical short persists• Thermal runaway
• DWI Thermally Stable Separator• Separator is stable: some charring, but no shrinkage• Anode and cathode remain isolated• Aluminum melts or oxidizes• Electrical short is broken• No thermal runaway
Aluminum shutdown breaks circuit before separator failure creates
permanent closed circuit
Images and information provided by and used with permission of Dr. Brian Morin, CEO, DreamWeaver
www.morganadvancedmaterials.com
Questions?
23