more invertebrates chapter 30. more invertebrates 2outline the coelom molluscs bivalves ...
TRANSCRIPT
More Invertebrates
Chapter 30
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 2
OutlineOutline
The coelomThe coelomMolluscsMolluscs
BivalvesBivalvesCephalopodsCephalopodsGastropodsGastropods
AnnelidsAnnelidsArthropodsArthropods
CrustaceansCrustaceansUniramiansUniramiansCheliceratesChelicerates
EchinodermsEchinoderms
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 3
Advantages of Coelom Advantages of Coelom
Protostomes vs. deuterostomesProtostomes vs. deuterostomes
Differentiated according to three Differentiated according to three major events in embryological major events in embryological developmentdevelopment
1 Cleavage1 Cleavage
Spiral cleavage in protostomesSpiral cleavage in protostomes
Radial cleavage in deuterostomesRadial cleavage in deuterostomes
4Protostomes Compared to Deuterostomes
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 5
Advantages of Coelom Advantages of Coelom
2 Fate of blastopore2 Fate of blastopore
Mouth appears near blastopore in Mouth appears near blastopore in protostomesprotostomes
Anus appears near blastopore in Anus appears near blastopore in deuterstomesdeuterstomes
3 Coelom Formation3 Coelom Formation
Schizocoelom forms in protostomesSchizocoelom forms in protostomes
Enterocoelom forms in deuterstomesEnterocoelom forms in deuterstomes
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 6
MollusksMollusks
Mollusks (phylum Mollusca)Mollusks (phylum Mollusca)
Have three-part body planHave three-part body plan
Visceral MassVisceral Mass Contains internal organsContains internal organs
Mantle Mantle May secrete shell and/or contribute to May secrete shell and/or contribute to development of gills or lungsdevelopment of gills or lungs
FootFoot Muscle adapted for locomotion, Muscle adapted for locomotion, attachment, or food captureattachment, or food capture
7Body Plan of Mollusks
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 8
MollusksMollusks
Mollusks (cont.)Mollusks (cont.)
Nervous system consists of several Nervous system consists of several ganglia connected by nerve cordsganglia connected by nerve cords
Coelom is reduced, and largely limited Coelom is reduced, and largely limited to the region around the heartto the region around the heart
Heart pumps hemolymph through Heart pumps hemolymph through vessels into hemocoelvessels into hemocoel
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 9
BivalvesBivalvesClams, oysters, mussels, and scallopsClams, oysters, mussels, and scallopsShell of two hinged parts, closed by Shell of two hinged parts, closed by powerful musclespowerful muscles
No head, no radulaNo head, no radulaCirculatory system open Circulatory system open Sexes are separateSexes are separateCiliated gills hang down within mantle Ciliated gills hang down within mantle cavity on either side of visceral masscavity on either side of visceral massBeating of cilia causes water to enter Beating of cilia causes water to enter cavitycavity
Filter Feeders – capture tiny food Filter Feeders – capture tiny food particles suspended in waterparticles suspended in water
10Bivalve Diversity
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 11
CephalopodsCephalopods
Head FootedHead FootedForce water out mantle cavityForce water out mantle cavity
Tentacles and arms capture prey by Tentacles and arms capture prey by adhesive secretions or suckersadhesive secretions or suckers
Beak used to tear prey apartBeak used to tear prey apart
Well-developed sense organsWell-developed sense organs
Closed circulatory systemClosed circulatory system
Spermatophore packets passed from Spermatophore packets passed from males to femalesmales to females
12Cephalopod Diversity
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 13
Gastropods, cont.Gastropods, cont.
Have elongated, flattened footHave elongated, flattened foot
Well-developed head regionWell-developed head region
Eyes and tentacles project from coiled Eyes and tentacles project from coiled shellshell
Gills are found in mantle cavity in Gills are found in mantle cavity in aquatic gastropodsaquatic gastropods
Mantle functions as lung in terrestrial Mantle functions as lung in terrestrial gastropodsgastropods
14Gastropod Diversity
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 15
AnnelidsAnnelids
Phylum Annelida arePhylum Annelida are
Segmented partitions (septa) divide the Segmented partitions (septa) divide the well-developed, fluid-filled coelom, well-developed, fluid-filled coelom, which acts as hydrostatic skeletonwhich acts as hydrostatic skeleton
Specialized digestive tractSpecialized digestive tract
Closed circulatory systemClosed circulatory system
Ventral solid nerve cordVentral solid nerve cord
Most are marineMost are marine
Setae (bristles) help in movementSetae (bristles) help in movement
16Polychaete Diversity
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 17
EarthwormsEarthworms
Do not have well-developed head or Do not have well-developed head or parapodiaparapodia
Setae protrude in pairs directly from Setae protrude in pairs directly from surface of bodysurface of body
Food drawn into mouth by action of Food drawn into mouth by action of muscular pharynxmuscular pharynx
Digestion and absorption occur in long Digestion and absorption occur in long internal intestineinternal intestine
Typhlosole increases surface for Typhlosole increases surface for absorptionabsorption
18Earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 19
EarthwormsEarthworms
Segmentaion evidenced by:Segmentaion evidenced by:
Body ringsBody rings
Coelom divided by septaCoelom divided by septa
Setae on most segmentsSetae on most segments
Gangli and lateral nerves in each Gangli and lateral nerves in each segmentsegment
Nephridia in most segmentsNephridia in most segments
Branch blood vessels in each segmentBranch blood vessels in each segment
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 20
EarthwormsEarthworms
ReproductionReproduction
HermaphroditicHermaphroditic
Two worms lie in parallel to each other Two worms lie in parallel to each other facing in opposite directionsfacing in opposite directions
Fused midbody segment (clitellum) Fused midbody segment (clitellum) secretes mucus, protecting sperm from secretes mucus, protecting sperm from dessicationdessication
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 21
LeechesLeeches
Usually found in fresh waterUsually found in fresh water
Same body plan as other annelidsSame body plan as other annelids
No setae No setae
Two additional suckersTwo additional suckers
Some parasiticSome parasitic
Keep blood flowing and prevent clotting Keep blood flowing and prevent clotting by means of hirudin, a powerful by means of hirudin, a powerful anticoagulantanticoagulant
22Medicinal Leeches, Hirudo medicinalis
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 23
ArthropodsArthropodsArthropods (phylum Arthropoda) have Arthropods (phylum Arthropoda) have freely movable jointed appendagesfreely movable jointed appendages
Very successful due to many Very successful due to many characteristicscharacteristics
Rigid, jointed exoskeletonRigid, jointed exoskeleton
Must molt as they growMust molt as they grow
Segmented, but some segments are Segmented, but some segments are fused into regionsfused into regions
Head, thorax, abdomenHead, thorax, abdomen
Well-developed nervous systemWell-developed nervous system
24Arthropod Skeleton and Eye
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 25
ArthropodsArthropods
Variety of respiratory organsVariety of respiratory organs
Occurrence of metamorphosisOccurrence of metamorphosis
Three major arthropod subphylaThree major arthropod subphylaCrustaceansCrustaceans
CrayfishCrayfish
UniramiansUniramians
CentipedesCentipedes
CheliceratesChelicerates
SpidersSpiders
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 26
CrustaceansCrustaceans
Decapods are the most familiar and Decapods are the most familiar and numerous of crustaceansnumerous of crustaceans
Shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, and crabsShrimp, lobsters, crayfish, and crabs
Thorax bears five pairs of walking legsThorax bears five pairs of walking legs
Head and thorax fused into cephalothoraxHead and thorax fused into cephalothorax
Covered by nonsegmented carapaceCovered by nonsegmented carapace
Abdominal segments equipped with Abdominal segments equipped with swimmeretsswimmerets
Respiratory system consists of gillsRespiratory system consists of gills
27Crustacean Diversity
28Male crayfish, Cambarus
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 29
UniramiansUniramiansInclude insects, millipedes, and Include insects, millipedes, and centipedescentipedes
Appendages attached to the thorax Appendages attached to the thorax and abdomen only have one branchand abdomen only have one branch
Head appendages include:Head appendages include:
Only one pair of antennaeOnly one pair of antennae
One pair of mandibles, andOne pair of mandibles, and
One or two pairs of maxillaeOne or two pairs of maxillae
Live on land and breathe by tracheaeLive on land and breathe by tracheae
30Insect Diversity
31Two Types of Insect Mouthparts
32Female Grasshopper, Romalea
33Centipede and Millipede
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 34
CheliceratesChelicerates
Include terrestrial spiders, scorpions, Include terrestrial spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs and sea ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs and sea spidersspiders
All appendages attached to All appendages attached to cephalothorax; none on headcephalothorax; none on head
First pair (chelicerae) are feeding First pair (chelicerae) are feeding organsorgans
Second pair (pedipalps) function in Second pair (pedipalps) function in feeding or sensoryfeeding or sensory
35Chelicerate Diversity
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 36
EchinodermsEchinodermsSea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sea liliesand sea lilies
Radial symmetry as adults (not as Radial symmetry as adults (not as larvae) larvae)
Internal calcium-rich plates with Internal calcium-rich plates with spinesspines
Central nerve ring with branchesCentral nerve ring with branches
Water vascular system for locomotionWater vascular system for locomotion
37Echinoderms
More More InvertebratesInvertebrates 38
ReviewReview
The coelomThe coelomMollusksMollusks
BivalvesBivalvesCephalopodsCephalopodsGastropodsGastropods
AnnelidsAnnelidsArthropodsArthropods
CrustaceansCrustaceansUniramiansUniramiansCheliceratesChelicerates
EchinodermsEchinoderms
More Invertebrates
Ending Slide Chapter 30