MORALITY AND RATIOANLITY

RIT

RATIONAL ORGANISATIONThe more traditional rational model of a business organization defines the organization as a structure of formal (explicitlydefined and openly employed) relationships designed to achieve some technical or economic goal with maximum efficiency.E. H. Schein provides a compact definition of an organization from this perspective:An organization is the rational coordination of the activities of a number of people for the achievement ofsome common explicit purpose or goal, through division of labor and function and through a hierarchy of authority

*RIT

RIT

ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES

The obligation of the employer The obligation of the employee*RIT

RIT

EMPLOYEE OBLIGATION TOWARDS THE FIRMTowards the goals of the firm.Avoid any activities that cause harm to those goals.Obey organisational superiors. *RIT

RIT

CONFLICTS OF INTERESTSBribes Gifts Commercial bribe EmbezzlementLarcenyTrade secrets

*RIT

RIT

FIRMS DUTIES TO THE EMPLOYEEProvide appropriate compensation Fairness of wagesFairness of working conditions

*RIT

RIT

Transperncy International India with 3.3 rank 87*RIT

RIT

THE FRAMEWORK OVERVIEWStep One: Describe the problemStep Two: Determine whether there is an ethical issue or an ethical dilemmaStep Three: Identify and rank the key values and principlesStep Four: Gather your informationStep Five: Review any applicable Code of EthicsStep Six: Determine the optionsStep Seven: Select a course of action

RIT

*RIT

RIT

STEP ONE: DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMEthical problems are always embedded in a context.Circumstances impact upon the problem definition (for whom does the problem exist? What is the setting?)Beware of the tendency to look toward the clinical or purely legal perspective for guidance.

RIT

STEP TWO: DETERMINE WHETHER THERE IS AN ETHICAL DILEMMADilemma greek origindi- twolimos-horns,Two horned

RIT

STEP TWO: DETERMINE WHETHER THERE IS AN ETHICAL DILEMMADilemma becomes ethical when the good or bad options seem to have a moral component

(eg. confidentiality vs. prevention of harm, self determination vs. workers perception of clients best interests, freedom vs. safety)

RIT

STEP TWO: DETERMINE WHETHER THERE IS AN ETHICAL DILEMMAIf you find it easy to articulate the perceived best interest as being on one side, you might ask, who determines what is in the best interest? You? Courts? Client? Family?Remember, most individuals will probably perceive their own preferences as being in their own best interest.

RIT

STEP THREE: IDENTIFY AND RANK THE KEY VALUES AND PRINCIPLESWhat reasons can you provide for prioritizing one competing value over another?Understand that a resolution to a dilemma which goes against an individuals personal set of values has very little chance of success.

RIT

STEP FOUR: GATHER YOUR INFORMATIONDo you have all the known facts?Do you understand the applicable laws or legalities?Do you have all relevant policies available to review?Are you clear about the individuals views and personal values?* Dont hesitate to seek out consultation.

RIT

STEP FIVE: REVIEW ANY APPLICABLE CODE OF ETHICSNot legal documents, but professionals are bound to tenets and can be sued for breachLook for the following:-- mission statement-- values base of the organization-- ethical principles to guide practice-- ethical standardsCodes can be revised or updated as needed

RIT

STEP SIX: DETERMINE THE OPTIONSList all possible actionable optionsWeigh the cost/benefits of each optionSeek out additional points of view

RIT

STEP SEVEN: SELECT A COURSE OF ACTIONDiscard the least desirable option.Discard any which you can not put into action.Discard any options which violate the values systems of those affected.Recognize that your final choice will be impacted by your personal values.

RIT

STEP EIGHT: PUT YOUR PLAN INTO ACTIONReflect on the outcomes with a sense that you have truly approached this ethical dilemma with the best of intentions and to the best of your ability.

RIT

STEP NINE: EVALUATEEvaluate the consequences for each person involved (client, family members, co-workers, agency, etc.)Consider submitting your most difficult cases to an ethics review board or peer consultants for feedback.

RIT

STEP TENDiscuss the case with your ethical review committee or board

Dont have one? Create one.

RIT

RIT*

RIT