moouth & tongueee
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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THE MOUTH
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MOUTH
Extends from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus (the junction of the mouth with the pharynx).
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SUBDIVIDED INTO:
Vestibule
- Lies between the teeth and cheeks externally and the gums and teeth internally
- slit-like space that communicates with the exterior through the oral fissure
Mouth Cavity Proper
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VESTIBULE
Superiorly and inferiorly, limited by:Mucous membrane
from the lips and cheeks onto the gums
Laterally:Cheeks (buccinator) opposite upper 2nd
molar - opening of the parotid duct
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MOUTH CAVITY PROPER
Lies within the alveolar arches, gums, and teeth.
Roof: hard palate in front and the soft palate behind
Floor: anterior two-thirds of the tongue and by the reflection of the mucous membrane from the sides of the tongue to the gum on the mandible.
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MOUTH CAVITY PROPER
Midline: fold of mucous membrane (frenulum of the tongue) connects the undersurface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
On each side is a papilla containing the orifice of the submandibular duct
Rounded ridge of mucous membrane extending laterally from the papilla, sublingual fold
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SENSORY NERVE SUPPLY OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE MOUTH
ROOF is supplied by the greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves (maxillary nerve)
FLOOR is supplied by the lingual nerve (mandibular nerve) closely related to the lower 3rd molar
CHEEK is supplied by the buccal nerve (mandibular nerve)
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TEETH
There are two sets of teeth, which make their appearance at different times of life. The first set, called the DECIDUOUS TEETH, is
temporary.The second set is called the PERMANENT
TEETH.
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TEETH
Deciduous teethAre 20 in number.They begin to erupt at about 6 months after
birth and have all erupted by the end of the 2nd year of life.
Composed of:4 incisors2 canines4 molars
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TEETH
Eruption of deciduous teeth:Central Incisors 6-8 monthsLateral Incisors 6-10 monthsFirst Molars 1 year oldCanines 18 monthsSecond Molars 2 years teeth of the lower jaw usually appear
earlier
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TEETH
Permanent teethAre 32 in numberThey begin to erupt at the sixth year. However,
the last tooth to erupt is the third molar, and this may take place between 17th and 30th years.
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TEETH
Composed of:4 incisors2 canines4 premolars6 molars
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TEETH
Eruption of permanent teeth:First molar 6 yearsCentral incisors 7 yearsLateral incisors 8 yearsFirst premolars 9 yearsSecond premolars10 yearsCanines 11 yearsSecond molars 12 yearsThird molars 17-30 years Teeth of the lower jaw appear earlier
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TONGUE
Is a mass of striated muscle covered with mucous membrane.
Its anterior 2/3 lies in the mouthIts posterior 3rd lies in the pharynx
muscles attach the tongue to the styloid process and the soft palate above and to the mandible and the hyoid bone below
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TONGUE
Fibrous septumDivides the tongue into
right and left halves.Also known as median
sulcus
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Sulcus terminalis V-shaped sulcus that divides the mucous
membrane of the upper surface of the tongue to anterior and posterior parts.
This sulcus serves to divide the tongue into anterior two-thirds, or oral part, and posterior third, or pharyngeal part.
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MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE TONGUE
Foramen cecum small pit that marks
the apex of the sulcus Is an embryological
remnant and marks the site of the upper end of the thyroglossal duct
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TYPES OF PAPILLAE
FILIFORM papillaeFUNGIFORM papillaeVALLATE papillae
posterior 3rd of tongue is devoid of papillae but has a nodular irregular surface due to the lingual tonsil
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TYPES OF PAPILLAE
FiliformVery numerous and cover the anterior two-
thirds of the tongue on the upper surfaceThey form small conical projections and are
whitish in color due to the thickness of the cornified epithelium.
Contains no taste buds
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TYPES OF PAPILLAE
FungiformLess numerous than filiform papillaeAre scattered on the sides and at the apex of
the tongueMushroom shaped and possess a vascular
connective tissue core, which imparts a reddish tinge to the papillae
Perceives sweet and salty taste
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TYPES OF PAPILLAE
Vallate papillaeAre 10-12 in number and are situated in a row
immediately in front of the sulcus terminalisEach papillae measures about 2mm in diameter
and protrude slightly from the surface.Surrounded by circular furrow, inside are the
taste buds.Bitter taste
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TYPES OF PAPILLAE
Foliate Perceives sour tasteFound on the tongue
margin at the junction of the body and root
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Frenulum of the tongue the lingual vein can be
seen lateral to the frenulum
lateral to the lingual vein, the mucous membrane forms a fringed fold called the plica fimbriata
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MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE
2 TYPES:IntrinsicExtrinsic
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MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE
Intrinsic musclesAre confined to the tongue and are not attached
to the bone.They consist of longitudinal, transverse, and
vertical fibers.Nerve supply: hypoglossal nerveAction: they alter the shape of the tongue
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MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE
Extrinsic musclesAre attached to the bones and the soft palate.
GenioglossusHyoglossusStyloglossusPalatoglossus is associated with the soft palate
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Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve supply
action
Intrinsic Muscles
Longitudinal Median septum & submucosa
Mucous membrane Hypoglossal nerve
Alters shape of tongue
Transverse
Vertical
Extrinsic Muscles
Genioglossus mandible Blends w/ other muscles of tongue
Hypoglossal nerve
Protrudes apex of tongue
Hyoglossus Hyoid bone Depresses tongue
Styloglossus Styloid process Draws tongue upward and backward
Palatoglossus Palatine aponeurosis
Side of tongue Pharyngeal plexus
Pulls roots of tongue upward and backward, narrows oropharyngeal isthmus
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BLOOD SUPPLY
Is supplied by:Lingual arteryTonsillar branch of facial arteryAscending pharyngeal artery
Veins drain into the internal jugular vein
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LYMPH DRAINAGE
Tip of the tongue drains into the submental lymph nodes.
The remainder of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue drains into the submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides
Lymph from the posterior 3rd of the tongue drains into the deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides
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SENSORY INNERVATION
The mucous membrane covering the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is supplied by the lingual nerve for general sensation
Taste fibers from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, excluding vallate papillae, run in the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
General sensation and taste from the posterior 3rd of the tongue including the vallate papillae are served by the glossopharyngeal n.
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MOVEMENTS
ProtrusionMay be brought about by the genioglossus
muscles on both sides acting together
RetractionIs produced by the styloglossus and by the
hyoglossus muscles on both sides acting together
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MOVEMENTS
DepressionProduced by the hyoglossus and the
genioglossus muscles on both sides acting together
Retraction and ElevationIs produced by the styloglossus and
palatoglossus muscles on both sides acting together.
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The shape of the tongue is modified by the intrinsic muscles
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