monografia - volcador de javas 01

7/26/2019 Monografia - Volcador de Javas 01

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ERVICIO NACIONAL DE ADIE TRAMIENTO

EN TRABAJO INDU TRIAL

ZONAL LAMBAYEQUE

CAJAMARCA NORTE

MECNICA DE CON TRUCCIONE

METLICA

PROYECTO:

VOLTEADOR DE JAVAS

ABRIL MAYO 2014

CHICLAYO PER


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Mecnica de Construcciones Metlicas

ERVICIO NACIONAL DE ADIE TRAMIENTO

EN TRABAJO INDU TRIAL

PROYECTO:

VOTEADOR DE JAVAS

E PECIALIDAD:

MECNICA DE CONSTRUCCIONES METLICAS

INTEGRANTE :

CAMPOS IDROGO, RONALDPIZARRO VILLEGAS, JHAN EDGAR

YARLEQUE ARROYO, JOEL EDGAR

IN TRUCTOR:

Ing. DANIEL F. PREZ LUNA

INGRE O:

202!I

NDICE

Proyecto: Volteador de javas 2


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PRE ENTACIN



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E" #$n%&' ($ )'&*+#-n &')$/'n+" SENATI S$&1#' N+#'n+" ($

A($/%&+*$n%' $n T&++3' In(4/%&+"5, $/ 4n+ $n%(+( &$/%g'/+ 64$ n$#$/%+

('%+&/$ ($ "+ n)&+$/%&4#%4&+ n$#$/+&+ +&+ /4 n'&*+" )4n#'n+*$n%' +#+(7*#' 8

*9/ +4n +&+ "'g&+& /4 #&$#*$n%' 8 ($/+&&'""'.

En%'n#$/ $/ +/: #'*' /4&g$ "+ n#+%1+ ($ #&$+& 4n %&++3' ($ nn'1+#-n 8

*$3'&+, "+ #'n/%&4##-n ($ 4n VOLTEADOR DE JAVAS, #'n1&%7n('/$ $n 4n

1+"'/' +'&%$ +&+ "+ $*&$/+ ;DELCOR FA


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E" &$/$n%$ %&++3' "' ($(#+*'/ + D'/

'& ?+$&n'/ (+(' "+ 1(+, #4(+& ($

n'/'%&'/ +&+ 64$ %'(' n'/ 1+8+ $n (:+

%&+/ (:+.

A n4$/%&'/ P+(&$/ '& %'(' /4 +'8'

8 %'%+" #'n)+n>+ ($'/%+(+ $n n'/'%&'/.

T+*7n $/ g&+%' ($(#+&"$ + n4$/%&'/

In/%&4#%'&$/ ($ SENATI D+n$" F. P7&$>

L4n+, 64$ #'n /4/ ?+"(+($/ 8

#++#(+($/ n'/ ?+n n/%&4(' ($ %+" *+n$&+

64$ n'/'%&'/ n'/ /4$&$*'/ 8 /$& *$3'&$/

$n "+ 1(+.

A "+/ ()$&$n%$/ $*&$/+/ 64$ n'/

($&'n "+ #'n)+n>+ ($ &$+">+& &9#%#+/

$n /4/ n/%+"+#'n$/ ($/+&&'""+n('

n4$/%&+/ ($/%&$>+/ 8 ?+"(+($/.

L'/ +4%'&$/.

AGRADECIMIENTO



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A" #4"*n+& n4$/%&+ #+&&$&+ &')$/'n+"

$@&$/+*'/ n4$/%&+/ *4$/%&+/ ($ &')4n('

+g&+($#*$n%' + D'/ %'(''($&'/' '&

?+$&n'/ g4+(' '& $" #+*n' ($" $n, 8 +

n4$/%&'/ +(&$/ '& /4 +'8' #'n/%+n%$ 64$

n'/ &n(+&'n (4&+n%$ n4$/%&+ )'&*+#-n.

T+*7n "$ (+*'/ n4$/%&' *9/ /n#$&'

+g&+($#*$n%' + n4$/%&'/ n/%&4#%'&$/ 8

/'&$ %'(' +" $&/'n+" ($ "+ $*&$/+ $" #4+"

n'/ +'8' $n $" &'#$/' ($ )++#-n ($

n4$/%&' &'8$#%' ($ nn'1+#-n.

L'/ +4%'&$/.

INTRODUCCIN



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L+/ $@g$n#+/ $&*+n$n%$/ ($ $/%$ *4n(' n'/ #'n""$1+ + *$3'&+& (:+ %&+/

(:+, +&+ +"#+n>+& /$& *$3'&$/ #'*' &')$/'n+"$/ $n $" 9&$+ ($ M$%+" M$#9n#+ 8

+/: '($& $3$#4%+& n4$/%&' &'8$#%' ($ nn'1+#-n 8' *$3'&+ 64$ #'n//%$ $n 4n

VOLTEADOR DE JAVAS, +&+ +4*$n%+& "+ &'(4##-n &$(4#& #'/%'/, %$*' 8

*+n' ($ '&+.

M$(+n%$ $" #4+" %&+%+&$*'/ ($ $@"#+& +/' + +/' %'(' $" &'#$/' ($

#'n/%&4##-n 8 "'/ *+%$&+"$/ 4/+('/ $n (#?' &'8$#%'.

DENOMINACIN DEL PROYECTO



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PROYECTO :VOLTEADOR DE JAVAS

EMPRESA :;DELCOR FA


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L+ $*&$/+ ;DELCOR FA


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OBJETIVO

I*"$*$n%+#-n 8' *$3'&+ ($ *+64n+&+ $n $" 9&$+ ($ &'(4##-n ($ "+

$*&$/+. M+8'& &'(4##-n. F+#"%+& $" %&++3' ($n%&' ($" 1'"%$' ($ 3++/. D/*n4& $g&$/'/ ($ "+ $*&$/+.



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CONOCIMIENTO TECNOLGICO



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1)LO METALE

M$%+" /$ 4/+ +&+ ($n'*n+& + "'/ $"$*$n%'/ 64:*#'/ #+&+#%$&>+('/ '& /$& 4$n'/

#'n(4#%'&$/ ($" #+"'& 8 "+ $"$#%(+(. E/%'/ *$%+"$/ *48 &+&+*$n%$ /$ $n#4$n%&+n $n

$/%+(' n+%4&+", + $@#$#-n ($" *$&', $" '&', "+ "+%+ 64$ /$ "$/ $n#4$n%&+ +3' "+ )'&*+($ *n$&+"$/.

T'('/ "'/ *$%+"$/ /'n /-"('/8 + %$*$&+%4&+/ '&(n+&+/ /$ #"+/)#+n $n ('/ g&4'/

)$&&'/'/ $" +#$&', ?$&&' 8 "+ )4n(#-n ($ ?$&&'5 8 n' )$&&'/'/ #'&$, >n#, "'*', $/%+',

+n%*'n', n:64$", *+ng+n$/', +"4*n', $%#.5

L+/ )'&*+/ *9/ #'*4n$/ ($ "'/ *$%+"$/

+&+ "+ 4%">+#-n /'n $n /$##-n #4+(&+(+,

"+n+, &$('n(+, +ng4"+& ($ "+('/ g4+"$/ '

($/g4+"$/. ng4"'/ +g4('/ $n ;U= ' $n ;T=,"+n#?+/.

1.1 EL ACERO

C'*n*$n%$ /$ $n%$n($ '& acer "+ +"$+#-n ($

?$&&', #+&'n' 8 '%&'/ $"$*$n%'/ ('n($ $" &n#+"

$"$*$n%' 64:*#' ($" #4+" n)"48$n /4/ &'$(+($/ 8

#+&+#%$&:/%#+/ $/ $" #+&'n'. L+ /'"(+"(+( ($ "'/ +#$&'/

($$n($ ($" '$n%+3$ ($ #+&'n' 64$ $/%'/ #'n%$ng+n, 8+

64$ + *+8'& #+n%(+( ($ #+&'n' &$/$n%$ $n "+ +"$+#-n

()#4"%+ "+ /'"(+"(+( 8 + *$n'& '$n%+3$ ($ #+&'n'

+4*$n%+ "+ /'"(+"(+( ($ $/$ *+%$&+"

1.2 CLA IFICACIN DE LO ACERO

!"#"! A#$&'/ +" C+&'n'!"#"# A#$&'/ A"$+('/

1.2.1 ACERO AL CARBONO

S$ ($n'*n+n +/: #4+n(' n' /$ $/$#)#+n n /$ g+&+n%>+n '%&'/ $"$*$n%'/ +"$+n%$/

64$ 4($&+n #'n%$n$&, $/%'/ +#$&'/ '%$n$n /4/ &'$(+($/ ($$n($n(' ($" '$n%+3$

($ #+&'n' 64$ #'n%$ng+n.



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S$gn /4 '$n%+3$ ($ #+&'n' /$ #"+/)#+n $n

a$ Acer% &e Ba' Car():T'('/ "'/ %'/ ($ +#$&' 64$

#'n%$n$n $n%&$ 0.0 ! 0.K0 ($ #+&'n', /'n #'n'#('/

#'*' +#$&'/ ' )$&&' (4"#$.

($ Acer% &e Me&*a) Car():S'n %'('/ "'/ %'/ ($+#$&' 64$ #'n%$ng+n $n%&$ 0.K0 0. ($ #+&'n'.

c$ Acer% &e A+ Car():T'('/ "'/ %'/ ($ +#$&' 64$

'/$$n $n%&$ 0. 0.0 ($ #+&'n'.&$ Acer% &e Herra-*e)a%:S'n "'/ +#$&'/ 64$ #'n%$n$n $n%&$ 0.0 . ($ #+&'n', +

/4 1$> $/%'/ +#$&' 4$($n #'n%$n$& '%&'/ *+%$&+"$/ +"$+('/ 64$ *$3'&+n /4/

&'$(+($/ *$#9n#+/ 8 ):/#+/.

1.2.2 ACERO ALEADO

S$ (+ $" n'*&$ ($ +#$&'/ +"$+('/ + "'/ +#$&'/ 64$ +($*9/ ($ "'/ #n#' $"$*$n%'/

#+&'n', /"#', *+ng+n$/', )-/)'&' 8 +>4)&$, %+*7n

#'n%$n$n #+n%(+($/ &$"+%1+*$n%$ *'&%+n%$/ ($ '%&'/

$"$*$n%'/ #'*' *'"($n', #&'*', n:64$", $%#., 64$ /&1$n

+&+ *$3'&+& +"g4n+/ ($ /4/ #+&+#%$&:/%#+/ )4n(+*$n%+"$/.

L'/ +#$&'/ +"$+('/ /$ 4$($n #"+/)#+& $n ('/ g&4'/ ($

+#4$&(' + "+ /4*+ %'%+" ($ "'/ $"$*$n%'/ ($ +"$+#-n 64$

#'n%$ng+n 8 /'n "+/ /g4$n%$/

a$ Acer% &e Ba'a A+eac*.): T&%"'/ +#$&'/ 64$ #48+ /4*+ ($ $"$*$n%'/ +"$+n%$/ n'

/'&$ +/$n $" 0, /$n(' ?$&&' $" &$/%+n%$. A"g4n'/ ($ $/%'/ +#$&'/ /'n C'&!T$n,

A#$&' N+1+", CK20, K20, $%#.($ Acer &e A+a A+eac*.): S'n %'('/ "'/ +#$&'/ #48+ /4*+ %'%+" ($ $"$*$n%'/ +"$+n%$/

/'&$ +/+n $" 0, $n +"g4n'/ #+/'/ 4$($ ""$g+& + 0 #'*' $" +#$&' n'@(+"$.

1.3 PROPIEDADE MECANICA DE LO ACERO

A4n64$ $/ ():#" $/%+"$#$& "+/ &'$(+($/ ):/#+/ 8 *$#9n#+/ ($" +#$&' ($(' +

64$ $/%+/ 1+&:+n #'n "'/ +34/%$/ $n /4 #'*'/#-n 8 "'/ (1$&/'/ %&+%+*$n%'/ %7&*#'/,

64:*#'/ ' *$#9n#'/, #'n "'/ 64$ 4$($n #'n/$g4&/$ +#$&'/ #'n #'*n+#'n$/ ($



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#+&+#%$&:/%#+/ +($#4+(+/ +&+ n)n(+( ($ +"#+#'n$/, /$ 4$($n #%+& +"g4n+/

&'$(+($/ g$n7+/

S4 ($n/(+( *$(+ $/ ($ ,0 g*.

En )4n#-n ($ "+ %$*$&+%4&+ $" +#$&' /$ 4$($ #'n%&+$&, ("+%+& ' )4n(&. E" 4n%' ($ )4/-n ($" +#$&' ($$n($ ($" %' ($ +"$+#-n 8 "'/ '$n%+3$/ ($ $"$*$n%'/

+"$+n%$/. E" ($ /4 #'*'n$n%$ &n#+", $" ?$&&' $/ ($ +"&$($('& ($ .0 C $n $/%+('

4&' /n +"$+&5, /n $*+&g' $" +#$&' &$/$n%+ )&$#4$n%$*$n%$ %$*$&+%4&+/ ($ )4/-n ($

+"&$($('& ($ .K C, 8 $n g$n$&+" "+ %$*$&+%4&+ n$#$/+&+ +&+ "+ )4/-n +4*$n%+ +

*$((+ 64$ /$ +4*$n%+ $" '$n%+3$ ($ #+&'n' 8 ($ '%&'/ +"$+n%$/. $@#$%' "+/

+"$+#'n$/ $4%7#%#+/ 64$ )4n($n ($ g'"$5. P'& '%&+ +&%$ $" +#$&' &9(' )4n($ +

.0 C.

S4 4n%' ($ $4""#-n $/ ($ +"&$($('& ($ K.000 C.

E/ 4n *+%$&+" *48 %$n+>, $/$#+"*$n%$ $n +"g4n+ ($ "+/ +"$+#'n$/ 4/+(+/ +&+

)++& ?$&&+*$n%+/.

R$"+%1+*$n%$ (#%". C'n 7" /$ '%$n$n ?"'/ ($"g+('/ ""+*+('/ +"+*&$/.

E/ *+"$+"$. S$ 4$($n '%$n$& "9*n+/ ($"g+(+/ ""+*+(+/ ?'3+"+%+. L+ ?'3+"+%+ $/ 4n+

"9*n+ ($ +#$&', ($ $n%&$ 0, 8 0,2 ** ($ $/$/'&, &$#4$&%+, g$n$&+"*$n%$ ($ )'&*+

$"$#%&'":%#+, '& $/%+'.

P$&*%$ 4n+ 4$n+ *$#+n>+#-n $n *964n+/ ?$&&+*$n%+/ +n%$/ ($ &$#& 4n

%&+%+*$n%' %7&*#'.

A"g4n+/ #'*'/#'n$/ 8 )'&*+/ ($" +#$&' *+n%$n$n *+8'& *$*'&+, 8 /$ ($)'&*+n +"

/'&$+/+& /4 ":*%$ $"9/%#'.

L+ (4&$>+ ($ "'/ +#$&'/ 1+&:+ $n%&$ "+ ($" ?$&&' 8 "+ 64$ /$ 4$($ "'g&+& *$(+n%$ /4

+"$+#-n 4 '%&'/ &'#$(*$n%'/ %7&*#'/ ' 64:*#'/ $n%&$ "'/ #4+"$/ 64>9 $" *9/

#'n'#(' /$+ $" %$*"+(' ($" +#$&', +"#+"$ + +#$&'/ #'n +"%' #'n%$n(' $n #+&'n',

64$ $&*%$, #4+n(' $/ /4$&)#+", #'n/$&1+& 4n n#"$' %$n+> $n "+ $>+ 64$ $1%$

)&+#%4&+/ )&9g"$/. S$ 4$($ /'"(+& #'n )+#"(+(.

L+ #'&&'/-n $/ "+ *+8'& ($/1$n%+3+ ($ "'/ +#$&'/ 8+ 64$ $" ?$&&' /$ '@(+ #'n /4*+

)+#"(+(.

P'/$$ 4n+ +"%+ #'n(4#%1(+( $"7#%+.

2) GENERALIDADE EN LA OLDADURA

2.1 OLDADURA ELCTRICA



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L+ /'"(+(4&+ E"7#%+ $/ /n "4g+& + (4(+ "+ *9/ #'*"#+(+ 8 ():#" $n%&$ %'(+/ "+/

$/$#+"(+($/ $@/%$n%$/ $n $" #+*' ($ "+ #'n/%&4##-n, /n $*+&g', $/ #&$$n#+ ($

*4#?+/ $&/'n+/ 64$ "+ +"+&+ ;/'"(+(4&+= $/ +64$" %&++3' ($ /*"$ 4n-n ($ ('/ $>+/

*$%9"#+/ '& *$(' ($ 4n #'&(-n ($ /'"(+(4&+, /n (+&/$ #4$n%+ 64$ "+

#'n/%&4##'n$/*$%9"#+/ n' /'"' $/ 4n /*"$ %&++3' /n' 4n +&%$ +&+ 64$n$/ "' $3$$n.P+&+ 64$ 4n+ $&/'n+ 4$(+ /+$& "' 64$ $/ ;/'"+(4&+ +" +' $"7#%'= ($$n ($

'%$n$& n)'&*+#-n + %&+17/ ($ 4n+ /$&$ ($*+n4+"$/ ('n($ $@"64$ $" &'#$(*$n%' +

/$g4& +&+ &$+">+& $/%+ /'"(+(4&+ 8 %'(' "' 64$ %$ng+ 64$ 1$& #'n $""'.

L+ %+&a&/ra$/ 4n &'#$/' ($ )++#-n $n ('n($ /$ &$+">+ "+ 4n-n ($ ('/

*+%$&+"$/, g$n$&+"*$n%$ *$%+"$/ ' %$&*'"9/%#'/5, 4/4+"*$n%$ "'g&+(' + %&+17/ ($ "+

#'+"$/#$n#+ )4/-n5, $n "+ #4+" "+/ $>+/ /'n /'"(+(+/ )4n($n(' +*+/ 8 4($n('

+g&$g+& 4n *+%$&+" ($ &$""$n' )4n((' *$%+" ' "9/%#'5, +&+ #'n/$g4& 4n +' ($ *+%$&+"

)4n((' $" bao de soldadura5 64$, +" $n)&+&/$, /$ #'n1$&%$ $n 4n+ 4n-n )3+.

2.2 PROCEDIMIENTO DE OLDADURA

#"#"! !"#"$%# &% F%'#:C'n//%$ $n "+ 4n-n ($ ('/ $>+/ 64$ /$ /4$"(+n $n%&$

/ g'"$9n('"+/ #'n 4n *+&%""' /'&$ 4n 84n64$, &$1+*$n%$ ?+n /(' ""$1+(+/ + 4n

$/%+(' +/%'/' *$(+n%$ $" #+"'& ($ 4n+ )&+g4+.



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#"#"# !"#"$%# O(*+,$-,!/:L+ #'*4/%-n ($" +#$%"$n' $n 4n+ +%*'/)$&+ ($

'@g$n' &'(4#$ 4n+ ""+*+ 64$ +"#+n>+ *48 +"%+/ %$*$&+%4&+/. E/$ n%$n/' #+"'& $/

+&'1$#?+(' +&+ )4n(& 8 /'"(+& "'/ *$%+"$/ 8+ /$+ /'"' '& #+"'& ' 4%">+n(' +"gn

*+%$&+" ($ +'&%$.

#"#"0 !"#"$%# &% A%* E!0*%*:L'/ *$%+"$/ /$ )4n($n '& $" #+"'& n%$n/'

64$ /$ ($/+&&'""+ $n $" +' $"7#%'. E/%$ +' /$ )'&*+ $n%&$ "'/ %$&*n+"$/ ($ 4n

g$n$&+('& ($ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+, 4n' ($ "'/ %$&*n+"$/ $/ 4n $"$#%&'(' &$1$/%(' 64$

/$ )4n($ 8 $" '%&' $/ "+ $>+ ($ %&++3' #'n$#%+(+ +" g$n$&+('&.

#"#"1 !"#"$%# &% R/--/*# E!0*%*#:E" +/' ($ "+ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+ ($

4n $"$#%&'(' + '%&' + %&+17/ ($ ('/ ($"g+(+/ "+n#?+/ g$n$&+ #+"'&. L+/ "+n#?+/ /$

)4n($n $n $" 4n%' ($ #'n%+#%' ($ "'/ $"$#%&'('/ 8 /$ /4$"(+n +84(+('/ '& "+

&$/-n 64$ $/%'/ $3$$n.



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#"#"2 P%*/- MIG M/#! I/%/ G#-):Un +' $"7#%' $/ *+n%$n(' $n%&$ 4n

+"+*&$ /-"(' 64$ )4n#'n+ #'*' $"$#%&'(' #'n%n4' 8 "+ $>+ ($ %&++3'. E" +' 8

"+ /'"(+(4&+ )4n((+ /'n &'%$g('/ '& 4n #?'&&' ($ g+/ n$&%$ ' +#%1', $" &'#$/'

4$($ /$& 4/+(' $n "+ *+8'&:+ ($ "'/ *$%+"$/ 8 "+ g+*+ ($ +"+*&$/ $n ()$&$n%$/

+"$+#'n$/ 8 +"#+#'n$/ $/ #+/ n)n%+.

#"#"3P%*/- TIG T$-/ I/%/ G#-): $/ 4n &'#$/' $n $" 64$ /$ 4/+ 4n

$"$#%&'(' n' #'n/4*"$ ($ %4ng/%$n' /-"(', $" $"$#%&'(', $" +' 8 $" 9&$+ +" &$($('&

($ "+ /'"(+(4&+ )4n((+ /'n &'%$g(+/ ($ "+ +%*-/)$&+ '& 4n $/#4(' ($ g+/ n$&%$,

/ +"gn *$%+" ($ +'&%$ $/ n$#$/+&' $/ +g&$g+(' + "+ /'"(+(4&+ ($/($ $" )&$n%$ ($"

'&($ ($ "+ /'"(+(4&+ 64$ /$ 1+ )'&*+n('.

3) OLDADURA POR ARCO ELECTRICO CON

ELECTRODO METALICO REVE TIDO MA4)

L+ /'"+(4&+ +" +' $"7#%' #'n $"$#%&'(' *$%9"#' &$1$/%(' ' /*"$*$n%$

;/'"(+(4&+ $"7#%+= $/ 4n &'#$/' ($ 4n-n '& )4/-n ($ $>+/ M$%9"#+/ +&+ "'g&+& "+

4n-n, /$ #'n#$n%&+ $" #+"'& ($ 4n +' $"7#%' $/%+"$#(' $n%&$ "'/ '&($/ ($ "+/ $>+/ +

/'"(+& 8 4n+ 1+&""+ *$%9"#+ ""+*+(+ $"$#%&'(', &'(4#7n('/$ 4n+ >'n+ ($ )4/-n 64$, +"

/'"()#+&/$, )'&*+ "+ 4n-n $&*+n$n%$.



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3.1 PRINCIPIO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LA OLDADURA POR ARCO

ELCTRICO:

P+&+ $/%+"$#$& 4n #%' #'*"$%', $/

n$#$/+&' #'n%+& #'n

G$n$&+('& ($ #'&&$n%$ )4$n%$ ($ '($&5. C+"$ ($ #'n$@-n. P'&%+ E"$#%&'('. M+/+ ' T$&&+. E"$#%&'('. P$>+ %&++3'.

E" #%' /$ #$&&+ *'*$n%9n$+*$n%$

%'#+n(' #'n "+ 4n%+ ($" $"$#%&'(' "+ $>+ ($

%&++3' 8 &$%&9n('"+ n*$(+%+*$n%$ + 4n+ +"%4&+ &$$/%+"$#(+, )'&*9n('/$ ($ $/%+

*+n$&+ 4n +'. E" #+"'& )4n($ 4n 9&$+ &$/%&ng(+ ($" *+%$&+" +/$ $n "+ 4n%+ ($"$"$#%&'(', )'&*+n(' $64$'/ g"-4"'/*$%9"#'/ #4$&%'/ ($ $/#'&+ "64(+, "'/

#4+"$/ /'n %&+n/)$&('/ +" *$%+" +/$ '& )4$&>+/ $"$#%&'*+gn7%#+/, (+n(' #'*'

&$/4"%+(' "+ )4/-n ($ ('/ *$%+"$/ 8 /4 /'"()#+#-n + *$((+ 64$ $" +' +1+n>+.

3.2 FUNCIN DEL ARCO ELCTRICO

E" #+"'& ($" +' )4n($ "+ "+n#?+ ' *$%+" +/$ 8 "+ $@#+1+, #'n' / )4$&+ 4n #?'&&' ($

+g4+ $n %$&&+ )"'3+ "+ &')4n((+( ($ "+ $@#+1+#-n ($%$&*n+ "+ $n$%&+#-n. E" *$%+"

+/$ )4n((' '& " +' )'&*+ 4n $64$+ "+g4n+ ' ;#&9%$&=, 8 $n $" /$ ($'/%+ $"*$%+" )4n((' ($" $"$#%&'(' 64$ g'%+ + g'%+ 1+ #+8$n(' '& "+ )4$&>+ ($" +'.

3.3 NOCIONE DE ELECTRICIDAD CON RELACIN AL ARCO

ELCTRICO

P+&+ #'*&$n($& *$3'& "+ +"#+#-n ($" +' $"7#%' + "+ /'"(+(4&+ $/ n$#$/+&'

#'n'#$& #$&%'/ &n#'/ )4n(+*$n%+"$/ &$"+#'n+('/ #'n "+ $"$#%(+(.

3.3.1 E! C%*$ E!0*%*

Un+ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+ #"+ / n' %$n$ 4n #+*n' #$&&+(' /'&$ / $/%$

#+*n' /$ ""+*+ #%' $"7#%'.

3.3.2 E! C%*$ "/ !"#"$%# &% A%* E!0*%*

L + #'&&$n%$ )"48$ + +&%& ($ ($" '&n$ ($ "+ *964n+ ($ /'"(+&, ('n($ /$ )3+ $"

#+"$ ($" $"$#%&'(' , 8 %$&*n+ $n $" '&n$ ($ "+ *+64n+ ('n($ /$ )3+ $" #+"$ ($

%$&&+ ' ($ %&++3' 2.A +&%& ($ ($" 4n%' "+ #'&&$n%$ )"48$ +" '&%+ $"$#%&'(' 8 '& $/%$ +" $"$#%&'(',

/+"%+ "+ $"$#%(+( + "+ $>+ )'&*+n(' $" +' $"7#%', /g4$ )"48$n(' "+ $"$#%(+(



20/95


'& $" *$%+" +/$ +" #+"$ ($ %$&&+ 2 8 14$"1$ + "+ *+64n+. E" #%' $/%+ $/%+"$#('

/'"' #4+n(' $" +' /$ $n#4$n%&+ $n#$n(('.

3.3.3 V!#'/ 5 A+&/%#'/

A" AMPERAJEE" +*$&+3$ n' $/ '%&+ #'/+ 64$ "+ )4$&>+ ' "+ '%$n#+ $n 4n+ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+

#"+n(' $n%&$ ('/ 4n%'/, $/%'/ /'n $" n$g+%1' 8 $" '/%1' + %&+17/ ($ 4n

#'n(4#%'& ' #+"$ $"7#%'. L+ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+ #"+ ($" n$g+%1' ?+#+ $" '/%1'.L+ )'&*+ ($ /+$& 64$ +*$&+3$ #"+ '& 4n+ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+ $/ #'n$#%+('

$n /$&$ 4n +*$&:*$%&', +&+ $/%' ($$ ($ ?+$& 4n+ #+&g+ $n%&$ $" n$g+%1' 8 $"

'/%1', '& $3$*"', 4n &$#$%'& ($ &+(', 4n+ "+1+('&+ ($ &'+, $%#.E" +*$&+3$ $n 4n #%' $"7#%' /$ ?+ #'*+&+(' #'n 4n )"43' ($ +g4+ '& 4n

#'n(4#%', #4+n%' *9/ #+4(+" ($ +g4+, *+8'& &$/-n, '%&' )+#%'& 64$ n)"48$ $/ $"g&'/'& ($" #'n(4#%'. S $" #'n(4#%' $/ &$(4#(' $" +g4+ #'n%$n$ *9/ &$/-n $&' /4

#+4(+" /$&9 *$n'&. S '& $" #'n%&+&', $" #'n(4#%' $/ *+8'&, "+ #+n%(+( ($ +g4+ /$&9,

'& "' */*' *+8'& $&' + *$n'& &$/-n. L' */*' /4#$($ #'n 4n #'n(4#%'&

$"7#%', / /4 #+"&$ g&4$/'5 $/ &$(4#(', "+ #'&&$n%$ $n#'n%&+&9 &$//%$n#+ 4

''/#-n + /4 +/', / $" #+"&$ $/ *+8'&, )"4&9 ($ )'&*+ "&$ #'n *$n'& &$//%$n#+.

B" VOLTAJE

E" 1'"%+3$, %$n/-n, %+*7n ()$&$n#+ ($ '%$n#+", /$ "$ ($n'*n+ + "+ )4$&>+

$"$#%&'*'%&> FEM5 64$ $3$$ 4n+ &$/-n ' #+&g+ $n 4n #%' $"7#%' #$&&+('

/'&$ "'/ $"$#%&'n$/, #'*"$%+n(' #'n $/%' 4n #%' $"7#%'. E/%' (+ #'*'

&$/4"%+(' $" )"43' ($ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+. C4+n%' *+8'& /$+ "+ &$/-n $3$(+ ($ "+

)4$&>+ $"$#%&'*'%&> /'&$ "'/ $"$#%&'n$/ ' #+&g+/ $"7#%+/ 64$ #"+n '& $"

#'n(4#%'&, $n $/+ *$((+ /$&9 $" 1'"%+3$ ' %$n/-n 64$ $@/%&9 $n $" #%'.

3.6 CLA E DE CORRIENTE ELCTRICA

En %&++3'/ ($ /'"(+(4&+ '& +' $"7#%' /$ 4$($n 4%">+& ('/ #"+/$/ ($

#'&&$n%$ /$gn /$ "+ #'n1$n$n#+ 8 n$#$/(+( ($" */*' "+ #'&&$n%$ +"%$&n+ 8

#'&&$n%$ #'n%n4+.E/%+/ #'&&$n%$/ /'n &'(4#(+/ '& g$n$&+('&$/, (9n('"$/ $" n'*&$ ($

+"%$&n+('&$/ + "'/ 64$ &'(4#$n "+ C.A. 8 (n+*'/ + "'/ 64$ &'(4#$n "+ C.C.

0"1"!CORRIENTE ALTERNA C.A:S$ ($n'*n+ crr*e)e a+er)a+&$1+(+ CA$n

$/+'" 8 AC$n ng"7/, ($ alternatingcurrent5 + "+ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+ $n "+ 64$ "+

*+gn%4( 8 (&$##-n 1+&:+n #:#"#+*$n%$. L+ )'&*+ ($ 'n(+ ($ "+ #'&&$n%$ +"%$&n+

*9/ #'*n*$n%$ 4%">+(+ $/ "+ ($ 4n+ 'n(+ /n'(+" )g4&+ 5, 4$/%' 64$ /$#'n/g4$ 4n+ %&+n/*/-n *9/ $)#$n%$ ($ "+ $n$&g:+. Sn $*+&g', $n #$&%+/

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoidehttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoidehttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoide


21/95


+"#+#'n$/ /$ 4%">+n '%&+/ )'&*+/ ($ 'n(+ $&-(#+/, %+"$/ #'*' "+ %&+ng4"+& ' "+

#4+(&+(+.

0"1"#CORRIENTE CONTINUA C.C:

L+ crr*e)e c)*)/a CC $n $/+'", $n

ng"7/ DC, ($ DirectCurrent5 $/ $" )"43' #'n%n4' ($ $"$#%&'n$/ + %&+17/ ($ 4n

#'n(4#%'& $n%&$ ('/ 4n%'/ ($ (/%n%' '%$n#+". A ()$&$n#+ ($ "+ #'&&$n%$ +"%$&n+

CA $n $/+'", AC $n ng"7/5, $n "+ #'&&$n%$ #'n%n4+ "+/ #+&g+/ $"7#%+/ #"+n

/$*&$ $n "+ */*+ (&$##-n $/ ($#&, "'/ %$&*n+"$/ ($ *+8'& 8 ($ *$n'&

'%$n#+" /'n /$*&$ "'/ */*'/5. A4n64$ #'*n*$n%$ /$ ($n%)#+ "+ #'&&$n%$

#'n%n4+ #'n "+ #'&&$n%$ #'n/%+n%$ '& $3$*"' "+ /4*n/%&+(+ '& 4n+ +%$&:+5, $/

#'n%n4+ %'(+ #'&&$n%$ 64$ *+n%$ng+ /$*&$ "+ */*+ '"+&(+(.

3.7 POLARIDAD

E@/%$n ('/ %'/ ($ '"+&(+( P'"+&(+( (&$#%+ ' n'&*+" E/ #4+n(' $" #+"$ ($" '&%+ $"$#%&'(' $/ #'n$#%+(' +"

'"' n$g+%1' ($ "+ )4$n%$ ($ '($& 8 $" #+"$ ($ %$&&+ +" '"' '/%1'. P'"+&(+( n1$&%(+ ' n(&$#%+ C4+n(' $" #+"$ ($" '&%+ $"$#%&'(' $/%9 #'n$#%+('

+" '"' '/%1' ($ "+ )4$n%$ ($ '($& 8 $" #+"$ + %$&&+ $/%9 #'n$#%+(' +" n$g+%1'.

3.8 FENMENO DEL ARCO ELCTRICO PARA OLDAR

En "'/ '"'/ ($" +', $" 1'"%+3$ 1+&:+ /$gn "+ "'ng%4( ($ $/%$. A" &'>+& $" $"$#%&'('

#'n "+ $>+, $" 1'"%+3$ $/ #$&' 8 1+ +4*$n%+n(' + *$((+ 64$ "+ "'ng%4( ($" +' /$ ?+#$

*+8'&, ?+/%+ 64$ '& +"$3+&/$ ($*+/+(' $" $"$#%&'(', $" +' /$ n%$&&4*$ 8 "+ *+64n+

14$"1$ + /4 ;1'"%+3$ $n 1+#'= 64$ $/ /$*&$ *9/ $"$1+(' 64$ $" 1'"%+3$ ($ %&++3'.L+ n%$n/(+( ($ #'&&$n%$ ' +*$&+3$ n$#$/+&' +&+ )4n(& $" $"$#%&'(' 1+&:+ ($

+#4$&(' + "+ $>+ + /'"(+&, $/%$ ($$ $"$1+&/$ + *$((+ 64$ +4*$n%+ $" (9*$%&' ($"

$"$#%&'(' 4%">+('. L + &$g4"+#-n ' +4*$n%' ($ +*$&+3$ "+ &$+">+ $" /'"(+('&.



22/95


6) MA9UINA PARA OLDAR POR ARCO ELECTRICO

L+ *964n+ ($ /'"(+& $/ 4n' ($ "'/ (/'/%1'/ ' ?$&&+*$n%+/ *9/ 4%">+(+/ '& $"

/$& ?4*+n', $/%' /$ ($$ + 64$ $n +"gn *'*$n%' ($ n4$/%&+ 1(+ ?$*'/ %$n(' 64$

/'"(+& +"g4n+ $>+. E/%$ %' ($ *964n+/ n' /'n ($ #'*"$3+ *+n4"+#-n $&' /: ($$

%$n$& #4(+(' +" 4%">+&/$ 8+ 64$ $/%+*'/ %&++3+n(' #'n 4n $"$*$n%' *48 $"g&'/', $"

)4$g' '& $/%' ($$*'/ n$#$/+&+*$n%$ %'*+& *$((+/ +&+ $1%+& #4+"64$& %' ($

+##($n%$/ %+n%' /'&$ n4$/%&' ):/#' #'*' /'&$ $" "4g+& $n ('n($ $/%+*'/ %&++3+n('.

6.1 CARACTER TICA :

T&+n/)'&*+& $" 1'"%+3$ ($ "+ &$( $"7#%+ + 4n 1'"%+3$ $n 1+#', 64$ $&*%+ n#+& $"

+' $" 1'"%+3$ $n 1+#' $/ $" 64$ /4*n/%&+ "+ *+64n+ +n%$/ ($ n#+& $" +' 1+&+($ K0 + 0 1'"%'/.



23/95


Un+ 1$> n#+(' $" +' ($$ $&*%& 4n #'n1$&/-n +4%'*9%#+ $ n/%+n%9n$+ ($"

1'"%+3$ $n 1+#' + 4n 1'"%+3$ ($ %&++3', 64$ $&*%+ *+n%$n$& $" +' 1'"%+3$ ($

%&++3' $/ $" 64$ &'''n+ "+ *+64n+ #4+n(' $" +' $/%+ $n#$n((' 1+&+ ($ +

1'"%'/.

P$&*%& "+ &$g4"+#-n ($ "+ n%$n/(+( ($ #'&&$n%$ ' +*$&+3$ n$#$/+&' +&+ /'"(+&,$/$ +*$&+3$ 1+&:+ /$gn $" (9*$%&', $/$/'& ($ "+ $>+, '/#-n ($ %&++3',

(9*$%&' ($" $"$#%'(',$%#. A/$g4&+& 4n+ +"*$n%+#-n #'n/%+n%$ ($ #'&&$n%$, 64$ $&*%+ *+n%$n$& $" +'

$/%+"$.

6.2 CLA E DE MA9UINA DE OLDAR POR ARCO ELCTRICO

L+/ *+64n+/ ($ /'"(+& /'n #"+/)#+(+/ #'n ()$&$n%$/ #&%$&'/. A('%$*'/ "+

/g4$n%$ #"+/)#+#-n

1"#"! MAQUINAS EST4TICAS

A /4 1$> /$ #"+/)#+n $n "'/ /g4$n%$/ %'/

A" Ma5/*)a% *6 ra)%7r-a&r:L+ *964n+ /'"(+('&+ %' %&+n/)'&*+('& &'(4#$

#'&&$n%$ +"%$&n+. L+ '%$n#+ $/ %'*+(+

(&$#%+*$n%$ ($ 4n+ ":n$+ ($ )4$&>+ $"7#%+ 8

%&+n/)'&*+(+ $n 4n 1'"%+3$ &$64$&(' +&+

/'"(+&. E" %&+n/)'&*+('& CA *9/ /$n#""' %$n$ 4n+

'n+ &*+&+ 8 4n+ 'n+ /$#4n(+&+ #'n 4n

+34/%$ +&+ &$g4"+& "+ /+"(+ ($ #'&&$n%$. L+

'n+ &*+&+ &$#$ "+ #'&&$n%$ +"%$&n+ ($ "+

)4$n%$ $"7#%+ 8 #&$+ 4n #+*' *+gn7%#', "' 64$ #+*+ #'n/%+n%$*$n%$ $n

(&$##-n 8 '%$n#+. L+ 'n+ /$#4n(+&+ n' %$n$ nng4n+ #'n$@-n $"7#%+ + "+

)4$n%$ ($ )4$&>+ $&' $/%9 +)$#%+(+ '& "+/ ":n$+/ ($ )4$&>+ #+*9n('/$ $n $"

#+*' *+gn7%#' '& "+ n(4##-n 7/%+ $n%&$g+ 4n+ #'&&$n%$ %&+n/)'&*+(+ + 4n

1+"'& *9/ +"%' +" +' ($ /'"(+&.

A"g4n'/ %&+n/)'&*+('&$/ CA $/%9n $64+('/ #'n 4n n%$&&4%'& +*")#+('&($ +' "' 64$ &'''n+ 4n '"$+3$ ($ #'&&$n%$ +&+ )+#"%+& $" $/%+"$#*$n%' ($"

+' #4+n(' $" $"$#%&'(' ?+#$ #'n%+#%' #'n $" *$%+" +&+ /'"(+&. D$/47/ ($ )'&*+&

$" +', "+ #'&&$n%$ +4%'*9%#+*$n%$ 14$"1$ + "+ #+n%(+( +34/%+(+ +&+ $" %&++3'. E"

n%$&&4%'& +*")#+('& ($ +' %$n$ 1+&'/ +34/%$/ +&+ $&*%& $/%+"$#*$n%'

&9(' ($" +' +&+ /'"(+& "+n#?+/ ($"g+(+/ ' "+#+/ g&4$/+/.



24/95


B" Ma5/*)a% *6 rec*7*ca&r: L'/ &$#%)#+('&$/ /'n

%&+n/)'&*+('&$/ 64$ #'n%$n$n 4n (/'/%1' $"7#%' 64$

#+*+ "+ #'&&$n%$ +"%$&n+ $n #'&&$n%$ (&$#%+.L'/ &$#%)#+('&$/ +&+ "+ /'"(+(4&+ '& +'

g$n$&+"*$n%$ /'n ($" %' ($ #'&&$n%$ #'n/%+n%$ ('n($ "+#'&&$n%$ +&+ /'"(+& 64$(+ &+>'n+"$*$n%$ #'n/%+n%$ +&+

$64$+/ 1+&+#'n$/ $n "+ "'ng%4( ($" +'.L'/ &$#%)#+('&$/ $/%9n #'n/%&4('/ +&+ &'''n+& #'&&$n%$ CD

/'"+*$n%$, ' +*+/, #'&&$n%$ CD 8 CA. P'& *$(' ($ 4n n%$&&4%'&, "'/ %$&*n+"$/

($ /+"(+ 4$($n #+*+&/$ +" %&+n/)'&*+('& ' +" &$#%)#+('&, &'(4#$n(' #'&&$n%$

CA ' CD (&$#%+ ' #'&&$n%$ CD ($ '"+&(+( n1$&/+.

En "+ +#%4+"(+(, "'/ ('/ *+%$&+"$/ &$#%)#+('&$/ 4%">+('/ +&+ *964n+/

/'"(+('&+/ /'n $" /$"$n' 8 $" /"#'.C" E5/*6 ra)%7r-a&r 8 rec*7*ca&r:E/%+/*964n+/ &'''n+n %+n%' C.C #'*'

C.A +&+ /'"(+&. S4 #'n/%&4##-n $"7#%+ $/$#+" $&*%$ #+*+& ($ 4n+ #'&&$n%$

+ '%&+ #'n /'"' *'1$& 4n+ ""+1$ ($ #'n*4%+#-n.

1"#"# MAQUINAS ROTATIVAS

E/%9n #'*4$/%+/ 9/#+*$n%$ ($ 4n *'%'&, 64$ &'''n+ 1$"'#(+( ($

&'%+#-n + 4n (n+*', $" #4+" &'(4#$ "+ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+ +&'+(+ +&+ /'"(+&.

E+ -r 6/e&e %er: E"7#%', )4n#'n+n(' #'n "+ #'&&$n%$ $"7#%+ &'1$n$n%$ ($ 4n+ &$( g$n$&+" ($

$"$#%(+(. D$ #'*4/%-n, /$+ + g+/'"n+ ' $%&-"$'.

6.3 CICLO DE TRABAJO

C+(+ *964n+ /'"(+('&+ %$n$ $/%+"$#(' /4 ##"' ($ %&++3', 64$ $/ 4n+ &$"+#-n

$n%&$ $" %$*' 64$ $" +' $/%9 $n#$n((' 8 $" %$*' %'%+" 64$ "+ *964n+ $/%9

)4n#'n+n('. Un ##"' ($ %&++3' ($ 4n 00 $/ #4+n(' "+ *964n+ $/ '$&+(+ $n )'&*+

#'n%n4+. S$ 4/+ n'&*+"*$n%$ +&+ /'"(+(4&+/ $3$#4%+(+/ #'n /'"(+('&+/ +4%'*9%#+/. Un##"' ($ %&++3' ($ 4n 0 /gn)#+ 64$ "+ #++#(+( *9@*+ ($ "+ *964n+ 4$($ /$&

4/+(+ /'"' *n4%'/ ($ 4n %'%+" ($ 0 *n4%'/ #'n%n4'/. E/%' $/ %$*' /4)#$n%$ +&+

/'"(+& *+n4+", ('n($ n' $/ '/"$ %$n$& '$&+#'n$/ ($ /'"(+(4&+/ %'%+"*$n%$ #'n%n4+/.

6.6 TEN IN DE VACO O DE CIRCUITO ABIERTO

En g$n$&+", $n 4n+ )4$n%$ ($ '($& +&+ /'"(+(4&+ $/ ($/$+"$ (/'n$& ($ 4n+

%$n/-n ($ 1+#' $"$1+(+, +&+ )+#"%+& $" +&&+n64$ ($" +'. Sn $*+&g', '& &+>'n$/ ($

/$g4&(+(, "+ */*+ /$ "*%+ + 1+"'&$/ 64$ &$(4>#+n $" &$/g' ($ $"$#%&'#4#-n. L+/ n'&*+/



25/95


NEMA, '& $3$*"' "*%+n (#?+ %$n/-n + 0 1'"%'/ +&+ $64'/ ($ /'"(+(4&+ *+n4+", 8 +

00 1'"%'/ +&+ $64'/ ($ /'"(+(4&+ /$*+4%'*9%#+.

6.7 CADA DE TEN IN

S "+ *+64n+ %$n$ 4n 1'"%:*$%&', $/%$ n(#+ &+*+/ "+/ #+:(+/ $n #+"$/, $"$#%&'(','&%+ $"$#%&'(', $>+ 8 #'n$@-n ($ *+/+ 4$/%' 64$ "+ /'"(+(4&+ $/ /$*&$ 4n+

'$&+#-n ($ +"%+ #'&&$n%$, "+/ #+:(+/ ($ 1'"%+3$ /'n *48 &'n4n#+(+/. P+&%#4"+&*$n%$ "'/

#+"$/ 4$($n '#+/'n+& 4n+ #'n/($&+"$ 7&((+ ($ 1'"%+3$.O%&+/ #+4/+/ ($ "+ #+:(+ ($ %$n/-n /'n $" *+" *+n%$n*$n%' ($ "'/ #+"$/,

#'n$@'n$/ ($ *+/+/ 8 $"$#%&'('/. E@/%$/ "+/ /g4$n%$/ '/"$/ )+""+/ R'%4&+/ ($ #+"$/. C'n$@'n$/ )"'3+/. U/' ($ 4n+ n>+ ($*+/+(+ $64$+.

C'n$@-n + *+/+ /%4+(+ ($*+/+(' "$3'/ ($" +'. M+" #'n%+#%' ( " #'n$@-n + *+/+. C'n%+#%' ($)$#%4'/' ($" $"$#%&'(' #'n "+ $>+ ($(' +" '"1'.

7)ELECTRODO

7.1 GENERALIDADE

L'/ *+%$&+"$/ ($ +'&%$ /'n &'+*$n%$ "'/ $"$#%&'('/, 1+&""+/, +"+*&$/, )"43'/, $%#.

Q4$ #'n/%%48$n $" *$%+" ($ '&%+#-n $n "+ /'"(+(4&+.

T7#n#+*$n%$/$&:+*48 #'n)4/' /$"$##'n+& $" *+%$&+" ($ +'&%$ +n%$ "+ g&+n 1+&$(+(

($*++/ 8 %'/ +($#4+('/ +&+ #+(+ %&++3' 8 %' ($ /'"(+(4&+ / n' $@/%$&+n+($#4+('/ //%$*+/ ($ n'&*+">+#-n +&+ $/%'/ *+%$&+"$/.



26/95


EE.UU. %$n$ "+/ n'&*+/ AS, A"$*+n+ "+/ n'&*+/ DIN, J+-n "+/ n'&*+/ JIS,

Ing"+%$&&+ +/ n'&*+ +#-n

/$ ++($n +" &$1$/%*$n%' ($" $"$#%&'(' &'(4#%'/ 64:*#'/ ($n'*n+('/ /+"$/ ($

/'(', '%+/' 8 +&' "'/ #4+"$/ %$n$n 4n+ %$n/-n ($ 'n>+#-n +3+ 8 4n '($&

%$&*'-n#' $"$1+('. E" &$#4&*$n%', %+*7n #'n%$n$ $n /4 #'*'/#-n &'(4#%'/

#'*' "'/ /"#+%'/, "'/ #+&'n+%'/, "'/ -@('/ ($ ?$&&' 8 -@('/ ($ %%+n' 64$



27/95


)+1'&$#$n "+ )4n#-n ):/#+ ($ "'/ $"$#%&'('/, 64$ )+#"%+n "+ /'"(+(4&+ $n "+/ (1$&/+/

'/#'n$/ ($ $3$#4#-n ($" /'"($'.

2"0"#FUNCIONES METALR;ICAS:A($*9/ ($ "+/ )4n#'n$/ ($ $/%+">+& 8 )+#"%+& $"

)4n#'n+*$n%' $"7#%' ($" +' 8 ($ #'n%&4& ):/#+*$n%$ + "+ *$3'& )'&*+#-n ($"

#'&(-n, $" &$#4&*$n%' %$n$ 4n+ *'&%+n#+ ($#/1+ $n "+ #+"(+( ($ "+ /'"(+(4&+.

Un+ ($ "+/ &n#+"$/ )4n#'n$/ *$%+"&g#+/ ($ "'/ &$#4&*$n%'/ ($ "'/ $"$#%&'('/

$/ &'%$g$& $" *$%+" ($ "+ '@(+#-n, &*$&' +/"9n('"' ($ "+ +%*-/)$&+ '@(+n%$ 64$

&'($+ +" +' 8 ($/47/ &$#4&7n('"' #'n 4n+ #++ ($ $/#'&+ *$n%&+/ /$ $n)&:+ 8

/'"()#+.

2"0"0FUNCIONES MEC4NICAS:E" &$1$/%*$n%' %$n($ + )4n(&/$ n*$(+%+*$n%$ ($/47/ ($"

n#"$'*$%9"#', )'&*+n(' 4n+ #'n#+1(+( ($ )'&*+ %+" 64$ $" &$1$/%*$n%' $&*%+

(&g& "+ )4$&>+ ($" +' 8 "+/ g'%+/ ($ *$%+" )4n((' ($ 64$ 64$($n $n "+ (&$##-n($/$+(+.

E/%+ )4n#-n 64$ #4*"$ $" &$1$/%*$n%' $/ ($ g&+n4%"(+( /'&$ %'(' $n

'/#'n$/ )'&>+(+/.

7.6 COMPO ICIN B ICA DEL REVE TIMIENTO

L+ #'*'/#-n ($ "'/ &$1$/%*$n%'/ /4$"$ /$& *48 #'*"$3+. S$ %&+%+ g$n$&+"*$n%$

($ 4n+ /$&$ ($ /4/%+n#+/ '&g9n#+/ 8 *n$&+"$/. En "+ )++#-n ($ "+ +/%+ +&+ $"

&$1$/%*$n%' /4$"$n n%$&1$n&

-@('/ n+%4&+"$/ -@('/ ($ ?$&&', "$*%+ 0 -@(' )7&' 8 0 -@(' ($ %%+n'5,

&4%"' -@(' ($ %%+n'5, /:"#$ -@(' ($ /"#'5. /"#+%'/ n+%4&+"$/ #+'":n, %+"#', *#+, )$"($/+%'... &'(4#%'/ 1'"9%"$/ #$"4"'/+, /$&&:n... )4n($n%$/ &'(4#%'/ 64:*#'/ #+&'n+%'/, -@('/... )$&&'+"$+#'n$/ ($ Mn, S, T...

+g"'*$&+n%$/ /"#+%' /-(#', /"#+%' '%9/#'.

Sn $*+&g', "+ n+%4&+"$>+, ('/)#+#-n 8 '&g$n ($ "'/ #'*'n$n%$/ $&*+n$#$ $n

/$#&$%' '& +&%$ ($" )++n%$ 64$ $n "+ &9#%#+ /$ "*%+ + g+&+n%>+& "+ #'*'/#-n

64:*#+ ($" *$%+" ($'/%+(' 8 /4/ #+&+#%$&:/%#+/ *$#9n#+/ #+&g+ ($ &'%4&+, ":*%$

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8) APLICACIONE DE LO ELECTRODO



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'& W"+ &+(+"W /$ 4$($ *4"/+& #'n 4n *'%'& $"7#%',

4n *'%'& ($ g+/'"n+ ' +&$ #'*&*('. E" *'%'& *4"/+ 4n+ #+$>+ ($ $ng&+n+3$/ $n 4n

9ng4"' &$#%' $n $" #4+" $/%9 *'n%+(' 4n (/#' +&+/1' ' 4n (/#' ($ #'&%$ *9/ ($"g+(' "'/

#4+"$/ 4$($n /$& &$$*"+>+('/ #4+n(' /$ ($/g+/%+n. L'/ $/*$&"$/ +ng4"+&$/

%:#+*$n%$ %$n$n 4n &'%$#%'& +34/%+"$ +&+ /4 '$&+#-n #'n #4+"64$&+ ($ "+/ ('/

*+n'/. C$&%+/ +*'"+('&+/ +ng4"+&$/, ($$n($n(' ($ /4 &+ng' ($ 1$"'#(+(, 4$($n4%">+&/$ #'*' "3+('&+/ 4%">+n(' 4n (/#' "3+('& #'n 4n (/#' ' +"*'?+(""+ ($ +'8'. E"

//%$*+ &'%$#%'& 4/4+"*$n%$ $/%+ ?$#?' ($ 4n

"9/%#' (4&', &$/n+ )$n-"#+ ' #+4#?' ($ *$(+

(4&$>+ ($$n($n(' ($ "+ #+n%(+( ($

)"$@"(+( ($/$+(+.

A. TIPO DE DI CO

L'/ $/*$&"$/ +ng4"+&$/ 4$($n /$& 4%">+('/ ' +&+ &$*'1$& $" *+%$&+" ($ $@#$/'

$n "+/ $>+/ ' /*"$*$n%$ +&+ #'&%+& $n $(+>'/. H+8 *4#?+/ 8 ()$&$n%$/ #"+/$/ ($

(/#'/ 64$ /$ 4/+n +&+ 1+&'/ %'/ ($ *+%$&+"$/ 8 %&++3'/, %+"$/ #'*' (/#'/ ($ #'&%$

?'3+ ($ (+*+n%$5, (/#'/ &$#%)#+('&$/ +&+/1'/, $(&+/ ($*'"$('&+/ &$#%)#+('&+/5,

(/#'/ "3+('&$/, &4$(+/ ($ #$""' ($ +"+*&$, 8 +"*'?+(""+/ +&+ 4"&. E" $/*$&" +ng4"+&

%$n$ g&+n($/ #'3n$%$/ ($ '"+/ +"n$&+/5 +&+ #'n%&+&&$/%+& )4$&>+/ ($ "+($' 64$ /$

g$n$&+n (4&+n%$ "'/ #'&%$/, + "+/ )4$&>+/ ($" "+(' ($ #'n%+('& g$n$&+(+/ (4&+n%$ $" #'&%$, +

()$&$n#+ ($ 4n+ %+"+(&+('&+, ('n($ "+ )4$&>+ $/ +@+".

L'/ $/*$&"$/ +ng4"+&$/ /$ 4%">+n +*"+*$n%$ +&+ %&++3'/ *$%+"&g#'/ 8 "+

#'n/%&4##-n, +" g4+" 64$ $n &$/#+%$/ ($ $*$&g$n#+/. C'*n*$n%$ "'/ $n#'n%&+*'/ $n

%+""$&$/, %+""$&$/ ($ &$+&+#-n ($" #4$&' ($ "'/ +4%'/ #?+/%$&:+.

H+8 4n+ g&+n 1+&$(+( ($ $/*$&"$/ +ng4"+&$/ ($ ('n($ $/#'g$& #4+n(' /$ %&+%+ ($

$n#'n%&+& $" #'&&$#%' +&+ $" %&++3'. E" %+*+' ($" (/#' 8 64$ %+n '%$n%$ $/ $" *'%'&, /'n"'/ )+#%'&$/ *9/ *'&%+n%$/ #4+n(' /$ $/#'g$ $" $/*$&" +ng4"+& +($#4+('.



46/95


O%&' )+#%'& $/ $" '($& ($ *4"/' n$4*9%#' ' $"7#%'5, "'/ &* &$1'"4#'n$/ '&

*n4%'5 $" %+*+' ($ 9&'". U/4+"*$n%$ $" %+*+' ($" (/#' 8 $" '($& ($ *4"/' +4*$n%+n

34n%'/. E" %+*+' ($" (/#' $/ 4/4+"*$n%$ *$((' $n 4"g+(+/ ' *":*$%&'/. L'/ %+*+'/

#'*4n$/ ($ (/#'/ +&+ "'/ $/*$&"$/ +ng4"+&$/ $n "'/ E/%+('/ Un('/ n#"48$n , ., , ,

, 8 2 4"g+(+/. L'/ (/#'/ +&+ $/*$&"+('&$/ n$4*9%#'/ %+*7n /$ '%$n$n *4#?+

*9/ #?#'/. L'/ $/*$&"+('&$/ n$4*9%#'/ /'n 4%">+('/ +&+ %&++3'/ *9/ "1+n'/ ('n($

/$ &$#/+ *9/ &$#/-n. E/%' /$ ($$ + 64$ "'/ $/*$&"+('&$/ n$4*9%#'/ 4$($n /$&

$64$'/ 8 "1+n'/ $&' /$ *+n%$n$n '($&'/'/ '&64$ n' #'n%$n$n 4n $/+(' *'%'&

#'n 'n+(' ($ #'&$, *$n%&+/ 64$ $/ *9/ (4&' +&+ 4n $/*$&" +ng4"+& *+n%$n$& $"

*4"/' +($#4+(' / )4$/$ *9/ $64$'. L'/ $/*$&"$/ +ng4"+&$/ $"7#%'/ /'n

#'*n*$n%$ *9/ 4/+('/ +&+ %&++3'/ *9/ $/+('/ 8 g&+n($/. Sn $*+&g', %+*7n

$@/%$n $/*$&"$/ +ng4"+&$/ $"7#%'/ 8 $/*$&"$/ +ng4"+&$/ n$4*9%#'/ *9/ g&+n($/.



47/95


>.6 BA E @INCROMATO

"1"!@INCROMATOEP=ICO:

E/ )++(' + +/$ ($ #&'*+%' ($ >n#, -@(' ($ ?$&&' 8 &$/n+/ +"64(9"#+/. L'

*$3'& $n $" *$+(' #'n%&+ "+ #'&&'/-n $n +*$n%$/ ?*$('/ /n /+"n(+(. C4*"$

#'n "+ $/$#)#+#-n ($ RP!2 PEMEX.

"1"#U O

C'*' +/$ $n /4$&)#$/ + n%+&/$ #'n #4+"64$& %' ($ $/*+"%$, #'*' &'%$#%'&

+n%#'&&'/1' $n $n&$3+('/, 4$&%+/, 1$n%+n+/, %4$&:+/, $/%+n%$&:+/, %+n64$/, $%#. 64$

$/%7n $@4$/%+/ + #"*+/ ?*$('/ /n /+"n(+(. P+&+ 4/' n(4/%&+" 8 ('*7/%#' $n

n%$&'&$/ 8 $@%$&'&$/.



48/95


"1"0VENTAJA

Zn#&'*+%'E-@#' "$ g+&+n%>+ "+ &'%$##-n #'n%&+ "+ #'&&'/-n ($ /4/ n/%+"+#'n$/

*$%9"#+/. E/ ($ /$#+(' &9(', "$ (+ 4n +"%' &$n(*$n%' + /4 +#++(' )n+" 8 $&*%$

64$ $" $/*+"%$ 64$ &$#+ $&(4&$ *9/. S''&%+ %'(' %' ($ #"*+/, *$n%&+/ n' $/%7

$@4$/%' + +*$n%$/ /+"n'/.

"1"1 TIEMPO DE ECADOA" %+#%' K0 *n4%'/

1) A PECTO AMBIENTALE Y DE CALIDAD

H'8 *9/ 64$ n4n#+, "+ g$/%-n ($" *$(' +*$n%$ $/ 4n %$*+ #&4#+" +&+ $" 7@%' ($

#4+"64$& n$g'#'. P+&+ *4#?'/ "+ &$/4$/%+ $/ 4n S*%e-a &e ;e%*.) &e+ Me&*



49/95


A-(*e)e S;A$, 4n *+' $n $" #4+" g$/%'n+& "'/ *+#%'/ 64$ /$ &'(4#$n $n $" *$('

+*$n%$ 8 ($ &$(4#& $" *+#%' n$g+%1' $n $" *$(' +*$n%$.

L+ ISO !1GG! $/ 4n+ n'&*+ n%$&n+#'n+"*$n%$ +#$%+(+ 64$ $@&$/+ #'*'

$/%+"$#$& 4nS;A$)$#%1', "+ n'&*+ $/%9 (/$+(+ +&+ #'n/$g4& 4n $64"&' $n%&$ $"*+n%$n*$n%' ($ "+ &$n%+"(+( 8 "+ &$(4##-n ($ "'/ *+#%'/ $n $" *$(' +*$n%$.

L+ ISO !1GG! 1+ $n)'#+(+ + #4+"64$& '&g+n>+#-n, ($ #4+"64$& %+*+' ' /$#%'&, 64$

$/%$ 4/#+n(' 4n+ *$3'&+ ($ "'/ *+#%'/ *$('+*$n%+"$/ 8 #4*"& #'n "+ "$g/"+#-n $n

*+%$&+ ($ *$(' +*$n%$.

Be)e7*c*%

Para +a% e-6re%a%: L+ +('#-n ($ "+/ n'&*+/ n%$&n+#'n+"$/ )+#"%+ + "'/

&'1$$('&$/ +/+& $" ($/+&&'""' ($ /4/ &'(4#%'/ $n $" #'n%&+/%$ ($ +*"'/ (+%'/ ($

*$+(' ($ /4/ /$#%'&$/. E/%' $&*%$ +?'&&' ($ #'/%$/, 4$n+ &$4%+#-n,

n1'"4#&+#-n ($" $&/'n+", *$3'&+ #'n%n4+.

Para +% =(*er)%"P&'''n+n +/$/ %$#n'"-g#+/ 8 #$n%:)#+/ 64$ /'/%$n$n "+

/+"4(, "+ "$g/"+#-n /'&$ /$g4&(+( 8 #+"(+( *$(' +*$n%+".

Para +% c)%/-*&re%: L+ #'n)'&*(+( ($ &'(4#%'/ 8 /$&1#'/ + "+/ n'&*+/

n%$&n+#'n+"$/ &'''n+ $" +/$g4&+*$n%' ($ /4 #+"(+(, /$g4&(+( 8 )+"(+(.

Para e+ 6+a)ea: P'&64$ +" $@/%& "+/ n'&*+/ n%$&n+#'n+"$/ /'&$ $" +&$, +g4+, /4$"',

'($*'/ #'n%&4& +" $/)4$&>' ($ #'n/$&1+& $" *$(' +*$n%$.



50/95


11) EGURIDAD INDU TRIAL

L+ S$g4&(+( In(4/%&+" +n%#+, &$#'n'#$, $1+"+ 8 #'n%&'"+ )+#%'&$/ ($ &$/g' 64$

4$($n '#+/'n+& +##($n%$/ ($ %&++3' $n n(4/%&+/. E/ 4n #'n34n%' ($ %7#n#+/

*4"%(/#"n+&+/ 64$ /$ $n#+&g+ ($ ($n%)#+& $" &$/g', ($%$&*n+& /4 /gn)#+(', $1+"4+&

"+/ *$((+/ #'&&$#%#+/ (/'n"$/ 8 "+ /$"$##-n ($" #'n%&'" -%*'.

L+ /$g4&(+( n(4/%&+" /$ $n)'#+ &n#+"*$n%$ $n "+ &'%$##-n '#4"+& 8 $n "+

&'%$##-n ($ "+/ $@%&$*(+($/, 8+ 64$ 2 ($ "'/ +##($n%$/ '#4&&$n $n "+/ *+n'/, 8 $"

0 ($ "'/ +##($n%$/ '#4&&$n '& n' %&+$& #'n/g' "'/ $"$*$n%'/ ($ /$g4&(+( $&%n$n%$/

+&+ &$+">+& "+ +#%1(+( +/gn+(+. L+ /$g4&(+( n(4/%&+" ""$1+ #$&%'/ &'#$/'/ ($

/$g4&(+( #'n "'/ #4+"$/ /$ &$%$n($ *'%1+& +" '$&+('& + 1+"'&+& /4 1(+, 8 &'%$g$&/$ + /:

*/*', $1%+n(' +##($n%$/ &$"+#'n+('/ &n#+"*$n%$ + ($/#4('/, ' #4+n(' $" '$&+('&

n' $/%9 "$n+*$n%$ #'n#$n%&+(' $n /4 "+'&. /%$ $/ 4n' ($ "'/ &n#+"$/ *'%1'/, 8+ 64$

$" ($ "'/ +##($n%+('/ *$n#'n+n 64$ n' /$ ($&'n #4$n%+ ($" $"g&' ($ /4)&& $"

+##($n%$ ?+/%+ 64$ 8+ $&+ ($*+/+(' %+&($.

E/ *'&%+n%$ ()$&$n#+& "+ Seguridad Ocupacional ($ "+ Seguridad Industrial.

S$g4&(+( In(4/%&+" $/ 4n %7&*n' 64$ ?+ +/+(' 4n '#' +" ($/4/', 4$/ /$ #n/#&$

$@#"4/1+*$n%$ + 9&$+/ n(4/%&+"$/ 8 n' n#"48$ ')#n+/, +"*+#$n$/, #$n%&'/ ($

(/%&4#-n, +%$n#-n +" #"$n%$, 8 #4+"64$& '%&+ +#%1(+( n' n(4/%&+" 64$ %+*7n 4$($

%$n$& &'#$/'/ $"g&'/'/ ' $n ('n($ %+*7n 4$($n '#4&&& +##($n%$/ ($ %&++3'.

T+*7n $/ ($ #+%+" *'&%+n#+ (/#$&n& $n%&$ S$g4&(+( O#4+#'n+" $ Hg$n$ '

S+"4( O#4+#'n+" 7/%+ "%*+ +n%#+, &$#'n'#$, $1+"+ 8 #'n%&'"+ )+#%'&$/ ($ &$/g' 64$

4$($n '#+/'n+& $n)$&*$(+($/ '#4+#'n+"$/, + ()$&$n#+ ($ "+ S$g4&(+( O#4+#'n+",

64$ /$ $n)'#+ $n "'/ A##($n%$/ ($ T&++3'.



51/95


11.1 NORMA

L*+& 8 '&($n+& "9&$+ ($ %&++3'.

C$'&+&/$ 64$ "'/ #+"$/ ($ #'n$@-n $/%7n 4$n+/ #'n(#'n$/.

R$1/+& "+ *+64n+ 8 ?$&&+*$n%+/ +n%$/ ($ 4%">+&/$.

V$&)#+& "4n+ n+#%:n#+ 8 %&+n/+&$n%$ 8 #+&$%+ ($ /'"(+&.

U%">+& g4+n%$/ ($ #4$&' 8 *+n(".

U%">+& +4"+&$/ +&+ %&++3+&.

U%">+& &'%$#%'&$/ +&+ 1:+/ &$/&+%'&+/.

U%"#$ >++%' ($ /$g4&(+(.

R$%&$ %'(' *+%$&+" n)"+*+"$ +n%$/ ($ $*$>+& 4n %&++3'.

A#'n(#'n$ /4 9&$+ ($ %&++3' #'n 4n '%64:n ($ &*$&'/ +4@"'/.

U/$ ?$&&+*$n%+/ n$#$/+&+/.

A" %7&*n' ($ #+(+ %&++3' +/$$ /4 9&$+ ($ %&++3'.



52/95


N' ($3+& ?$&&+*$n%+/ ' #4+"64$& '%&' *+%$&+" $n "'/ $/+#'/ ($ 4/' #'*n '

('n($ %&+n/%+n n'&*+"*$n%$ $&/'n+/

11.2 E9UIPO DE PROTECCIN PER ONAL

P+&+ $&*%& 4n+ 4$n+ $3$#4#-n ($ %&++3' 8 /n $"g&' ($ +##($n%$/ $n "'/

$n %&++3'/ ( /'"(+(4&+ $/ n(/$n/+"$ 4/+& "' /g4$n%$

M+n(" ($ #4$&' ' ($ +*+n%' +&+ &'%$g$& "+ &'+ 8 $" #4$&'. O1$&'" ($ &'%$##-n P+&+ &'%$g$& $" #4$&' $n%$&' (4&+n%$ $" &'#$/' ($

/'"(+(4&+. G4+n%$/ S'n ($ #4$&' ' ($ +/$/%', "'/ g4+n%$/ &'%$g$n "+/ *+n'/ ($

#4+"64$& n#($n%$. M+ng4%'/ ($ #4$&' +&+ &'%$g$& "'/ &+>'/. Z++%'/ ($ /$g4&(+( S'n %' '%:n #'n 4n%+ ($ +#$&' +&+ &'%$g$& +" $ ($

#4+"64$& g'"$ 64$ 4$(+ &$#&. C+&$%+ $/%9n ?$#?+/ ($ )&+ ($ 1(&' 8 %$n$n 4n+ *&""+ $n "+ #4+" %$n$ 4n

1(&' n$4%&+">+(' ""+*+(' n+#%:n#', /$ 4/+ +&+ &$/g4+&(+& "'/ '3'/ ($ "'/

&+8'/ 64$ &'1'#+ $" +' $"7#%'. L$n%$/ /'n $"$*$n%'/ 4%">+('/ +&+ &'%$g$& "'/ '3'/ ($" '$&+&' #4+n(' $/%$

&$+">+ "+'&$/ ($ "*$>+, $/*$&"+(' ($ /'"(+(4&+, 4 '%&+ '$&+#-n 64$

&$64$&+ &'%$##-n ($ "+ 1/%+. M+/#+&""+ (/$+('/ +&+ &'%$g$& + "+/ 1:+/ &$/&+%'&+/ ($ "'/ ?4*'/ ' g+/$/

&'(4#('/ '& $" &'#$/' ($ /'"(+(4&+. T+'n$/ +4(%1'/ (/$+('/ +&+ &'%$g$& "'/ ':('/ ($ "'/ &4('/ 64$ /$

'#+/'n+n $n $" %&++3' 64$ 4$($n /$& (+n'/ +&+ $" ':('.



53/95




54/95


1) TIEMPO EMPLEADO EN LA EJECUCIN DEL PROYECTO

1.1 CRONOGRAMA DE ACTIVIDADE

TIEMPO DEL !1 DE ABRIL AL #3 DE MAYO DEL #G!1

ACTIVIDADESSEMANAS

! # 0 1 2 3

P"+n$+*$n%' ($

&'"$*+

D$/+&&'""' ($ "'/

"+n'/

M$(& 8 %&+>+&



55/95


H+"%+& *+%$&+"

A&*+& 8 +4n%+"+&

E/#4+(&+& 8 /'"(+&

E/*$&"+&

M'n%+3$ 8 +#++('

Pn%+& #'n >n#&'*+%'

E"+'&+#-n ($

*'n'g&+):+

2) ELECTRODO U ADO EN LA ELABORACIN DEL PROYECTO

DE INNOVACIN YO MEJORA

3) CO TO DE MATERIALE

N PZA" MATERIALPRECIO

CUPRECIOTOTAL

0 PZA. CUADRADO @ 2 ** $/$/'& 20.00

PZA T4' &$('n(' @ 2 ** $/$/'& 0.00

PZA C?4*+#$&+/ %' &'*' (9*$%&' 4"g K0 **

PZA C?4*+#$&+/ %$*"+('&+/ (9*$%&' 4"g K0 **

PZA P"+n#?+ n'@(+"$ 2 **

UNID M'%'& E"// ($ @ 0 RPM

UNID E3$/ (9*$%&' [ #+"(+( 0

Bg P$&n'/ (9*$%&' @ ($ "+&g'

Bg P$&n'/ +&+ %4'/ (9*$%&' K @ 4"g ($ "+&g'

UNID + 20 #+($n+/ #'n '&$3+/ #'n /$+&+#-n ($ K=

UNID D/#'/ ($ ($/+/%$ .00 K.00

UNID D/#'/ ($ #'&%$ .00 K2.002 Bg C$""'#'& AP E!0 .00 22.00

SERV P"$g+(' ($ "+n#?+ = @

2 PZA P"+%n+ ($ 2= $/$/'&

UNID


56/95


TOTAL



57/95


6) P%*/- "/ C-%$**

6.1 ANTECEDENTE DE INVENCIN

E" *$+(' ($ "+ #'n/%&4##-n, #'*' %+n%'/ '%&'/, $/%9 n*$&/' $n 4n &'#$/' ($

&')4n(' #+*', %+n%' '& "'/ n4$1'/ *+%$&+"$/ 64$ /4&3+n $n $" *$+(', 8 64$ $@g$n

#+(+ (:+ "+ 4%">+#-n ($ *$3'&+/ %7#n#+/ +&+ +"#+n>+& "+ #+"(+( ($/$+(+, #'*' '& "+

g&+n #'*$%$n#+ $@/%$n%$ 64$ '"g+ +"#+n>+& "+ *$n#'n+(+ #+"(+(, /$gn "+/ (1$&/+/

n'&*+/ ./n +4*$n%+& $" &$#' ($ /+"(+ ($" &'(4#%' +" *$+(' 8 *9/ +4n &$(4#7n('"'&9#%#+*$n%$ $n %'('/ "'/ *+%$&+"$/ ($ %$&&+.



58/95


6.2 DE CRIPCIN DE LA REALI@ACIN

S$ #'n/%%48$ '& 4n+ #++/+ $n "+/ 64$ /$ *'n%+n "'/ (/'/%1'/ n$#$/+&'/ +&+

$" )4n#'n+*$n%' ($" */*' %+"$/ #'*' $" $3$ +" 64$ "$ $/ %&+n/*%(' $" *'1*$n%' +&+ $"

g&' ($ "'/ "+%'/ )3'/ +" $3$5 + "'/ 64$ /$ "+ ?+n 4n(' g&+%'&+*$n%$ "'/ *+&%""'/ 4($n('

'/$&1+& "'/ 1'"+n%$ $3$5 $@%$&'&$/ ($ #'*$n/+#-n ($ )'&*+ 64$ + 4n' ($ (#?'/

1'"+n%$/ /$ "$ +#'"+n "+ '"$+.

L+ +""+ %$&&+5 $/ n%&'(4#(+ '& "+ )+3+ 64$ ""$g+ + "+ %'"1+ /4$&'& +&+ /4

*'"%4&+#-n '& "'/ *+&%""'/ #+8$n(' + "+ *+%> #4$&' +&64$+(' $n Ang4"' ($ 0\5 +&+

64$ "4$g' /4 /+"(+ /$ ?+ '& "+ %'"1+ n)$&'&.



59/95


6.3 PRINCIPIO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO

L+ +""+ %$&&+5 64$ $n%&+ $n $" *'"n' $/ g'"$+(' '& 4n #'n34n%' ($ *+&%""'/g&+n(' + 4n+ +3+ 1$"'#(+(. D$ $/%+ *+n$&+, /$ &'(4#$ 4n+ &*$&+ &'%4&+ '& *+#%'.

E/%'/ *+&%""'/ "+n>+n #'n%&+ $" n%$&'&, ('n($ /$ $n#4$n%&+ 4n+ /$&$ ($ "+#+/ ($

*+#%', ('n($ $" *+%$&+" /$ &'*$ '& /$g4n(+ 1$> '& *+#%'.

E/%$ &'#$/' /$ &$%$ *$n%&+/ $" *+%$&+" /$ *+n%$n$ $n $" n%$&'& ($" *'"n'.

P'& $" */*' %&++3' 64$ &$+">+ "'/ *+&%""'/ /4)&$n ($/g+/%$/ '& "' %+n%' /$ ($$

n%$+*+& '& '%&'/ *+&%""'/ &$""$n+('/ +&+ 64$ /4 &$n(*$n%' ($" *'"n' /$ '%*'.



60/95


6.6 VOLCADOR DE JAVA

E" *'"n' ($ *+&%""'/ $/%9n n(#+('/ +&+ "'/ &'#$/'/ ($ "+ *'"$n(+ ($ &'(4#%'/

($ (4&$>+ *$(+, 64$ n' /$+n *48 +&+/1'/, 8 $n "'/ 64$ /$ n$#$/%+n 4n %+*+' ($g&+n' + "+ /+"(+ ($ **.

En "+ #'n/%&4##-n ($ "'/ *'"n'/ ($ *+&%""'/ /$ ?+n 4/#+(' ('%+& $" $64' ($ "+

*9@*+ &'4($/ '/"$ *+&%""'/ #'n/%&4('/ #'n *+%$&+"$/ 8 &$#4&*$n%' &'%$#%'&$/

+"%+*$n%$ &$//%$n%$/ +" ($/g+/%$ 8 +" *+#%' $3$ ($ g&' 4"%&+ (*$n/'n+(', $%#.

En $" n%$&'& ($" *'"n' $/%9 )'&*+(+ '& "+#+/ #+*/$%+/5 ($ )9#" n%$+*' +&+

"+ (4&+#-n ($ "+ #++/+.



61/95


6.7 OBJETIVO DEL VOLCADOR DE JAVA

E" *'"n' /$ #'n/%&48' '& 2()$&$n%$/ &+>'n$/

. *'"n' &n#+" /$ $n#+&g+ ($" &'#$/' ($ "+ %$&&+ 64$ $/ %&+:(+ '& 4n+ )+3+ .P$&'

$/%$ *'"n' '%+ "+/ +&%:#4"+/ ($ %$&&+ g&+n($/ 8 '& %+" *'%1' /$ ($/$&(#+ +""+

%$&&+5

2.!>+&+n(+ "+ >+&+n(+ )4$ #'n/%&4(+ +&+ 64$ /$"$##'n$ "+/ +&%:#4"+/ g&+n($/ ($

"+/ $64$+/ 8 /$ 4$(+($/$#?+& "+/ +&%:#4"+/ g&+n($/..P'& %+" *'%1'%+*7n /$

($/$&(#++ "+ +""+

K.!$" *'"n' /$#4n(+&' '& $""' $" '3$%1' ($ "+ #'n/%&4##-n ($" *'"n' $/ 64$

&$&'#$/$ $/+/ +&%:#4"+/ 64$ /$ $/%9 ($/$&(#+n(' +&+ '($&"' 4%">+& $n "+ $"+'&+#-n

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6.8 PA O A EGUIR EN EL PROCE O DE FABRICACIN DEL

VOLCADOR DE JAVA

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70/95


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76/95


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78/95


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79/95


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80/95


C'"'#+& #+n+"$/ ($ g4:+ +&+ #+($n+.



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BIBLIOGRAFA

M+n4+" ($ S'"(+(4&+ +" +' E"7#%' 8 $"$#%&'(' &$1$/%(' II M+n4+" ($ S'"(+(4&+ +" +' E"7#%' 8 $"$#%&'(' &$1$/%(' III M+n4+" ($ S'"(+(4&+ +" +' E"7#%' 8 $"$#%&'(' &$1$/%(' V 6:e%"K**6e&*a"r=K**Ta+a&ra&ra 6:e%"K**6e&*a"r=K**E%-er*+a)=/+ar 6:KKK"e%a("e%e%%6e&/ca*)6rce%%*cre"c7- 6:e%"K**6e&*a"r=K**O*cre 6:KKK"%+&e%a"c-"6e 6:KKK"er+*)"e%
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taladradorahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmeril_angularhttp://www.esab.es/es/sp/education/procesos-oxicorte.cfmhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxicortehttp://www.soldexsa.com.pe/http://www.oerlikon.es/http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taladradorahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmeril_angularhttp://www.esab.es/es/sp/education/procesos-oxicorte.cfmhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxicortehttp://www.soldexsa.com.pe/http://www.oerlikon.es/

monografia - volcador de javas 01

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