MONGOL CONQUEST

CHAPTER 10 – WORLD HISTORY

GENGHIS KHAN and his “yellow hordes”. The Mongols were part of the tartar race in the dessert wastes of Mongolia. They were tough fearless nomads who boasted that they descended from a blue wolf.

They lived in around round tents of animal hides which they moved by means of ox-drawn wagons from place to place. They were daring horsemen and fierce fighters.

Genghis khan, the Mongols were divided into various tribes, each ruled by a chieftain called “khan”. Tribes lived in barbaric customs, pasturing horse, cattle, and sheep in dessert oases, fighting one another.

They had no religion, writing, literature, arts, or sciences. They excelled only in archery, horse riding, and fighting.

RISE OF THE MONGOLS

GENGHIS KHAN

G.K. in his warriors swept across the Asia, conquering empires and kingdoms. Within a short span of 21 years, G. was able to establish the Mongol empire which included North China, Mongolia, Turkestan, Afghanistan, North India.

After his death in 1227, his successors Jagati Ogotai, Tulu, Batu Khan, Mangnu khan, and Kublai khan conquered more countries up to Russia

Batu khan, Ogatai nephew : invaded and conquered Russia from 1237 to 1240, crushed the Christian armies in Poland, Austria, Hungary. Founded the Khanate of Russia in 1241.

For 2 centuries “yellow hordes” was the best armies in European nation and Russia was under Mongol rule.

Hulago, young brother of Mangnu khan, defeated the Seljuk Turks in Iran and Mesopotamia, also founded the khanate in Persia in 1258.

Kublai khan, grandson of G.K. completed the conquest of the Chinese and founded the Yuan dynasty, ruled china from 1280 to 1368.

THE MONGOL EMPIRE

Mighty Mongols terror in Asia and Europe gradually declined. Khanate of Iran fell in 1335, followed collapsed of Yuan dynasty in china in 1368. the disappearance of Mongol rule in Russia in 1480.

Tamerlane or Timur the lame (1369-1405) descendants of G.K., revived Mongol glory by conquering : north India, Iran, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor

In 1402, he defeated the ottoman army at Ankara, taking sultan bayazid as prisoner. His Mongol hordes penetrated Russia as far as the neighborhood of Moscow.

In 1526, more than century death of Tamerlane his descendants named BABAR (tiger) invaded India, and founded Mogul Empire. Mogul term is the Arab word for Mongol or tartar. Only lasted 3 centuries(1526-1857)much longer than G.K. Mongol Empire and Kublai Khan’s Yuan Dynasty in china.

Babar's great grandson, Akbar the Great (1556-1605), proved to the one of India’s grandest monarchs. His reign was glorious. Mogul empire collapsed in 1857.

THE END OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE

tamer

TAMERLANE

Mongols are great in conquering nation they gave ample evidence of their fighting powers.

They were no better than the barbarians who smashed the Roman empire in the west. They were barbaric and ruthless.

Burning books, work of arts, industries, mercilessly killing thousand to million of people to the land they conquered.

Although Mongols were barbaric in war they are hospitable, friendly and tolerant in times of peace.

Kublai Khan 1st Mongol Emperor of China, contributed mush progress in progress and grandeur. He adopted a policy of religious tolerance and opened china to the world trade. He welcomed papal envoys in his court Peking. He built astronomical observatory in Peking, use of paper money, patronized arts and literature.

MONGOLS IN HISTORY

Mongols gave India of her greatest monarchs – Akbar the great. A dashing conqueror and wise statesman.

Akbar was greatest emperor of Mogul in India.

He gave good laws to his people, established a uniform system of weights and measures in the empire, abolished the poll tax on non-Muslims, appointed Muslims and non-Muslims to government position.

Although he is a devout Muslim, he welcomed all religions in India.

KUBLAI KHAN

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