mongolia mongolia – country north of china tribes tribes – groups of related families loosely...
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MongoliaMongolia – country north of China
tribestribes – groups of related families loosely joined together
Gobi – Gobi – desert that covers parts of China and Mongolia
Genghis KhanGenghis Khan – “strong ruler” brought together Mongol laws in a new code and created tribal chiefs
terrorterror – violent actions meant to scare people into surrendering
steppessteppes– wide, rolling, grassy plains
Kublai KhanKublai Khan– Genghis Khan grandson who continued Mongol conquest
KarakorumKarakorum – capital during Genghis Khan’s rule
Khanbaliq (Beijing)Khanbaliq (Beijing)– capital during Kublai Khan rule
Marco Polo Marco Polo – European (Italy) traveler who reached China
Section 3 VocabularySection 3 Vocabulary
The MongolsThe Mongols
Section 3 NotesSection 3 Notes
Genghis Khan and his sons built the Genghis Khan and his sons built the Mongol EmpireMongol Empire
Mongols lived in tribes in Mongolia. They raised sheep, cattle, goats and horses. They followed their herds across China’s steppes.
Mongols known for:
1. riding horses well – they started riding at 4 yrs.
2. great warriors – they were excellent with fire arrows, spears and swords
Section 3 NotesSection 3 Notes
Genghis Khan
Temujin was named Genghis Khan or “great ruler” in 1206. He brought together Mongol laws in a new code and created tribal chiefs to help plan military campaigns. He fought to conquer new lands.
He had over 100,000 well-trained warriors. They were the most skilled warriors of their time because they were chosen for skill and not family ties.
They began conquering small territories gaining wealth ($) and more soldiers. Then in 1211 Mongols invaded China. They moved west and soon took over parts of the Silk Road.
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Genghis Khan cont…
Genghis Khan and his warriors were known for attacking, robbing and burning cities. They terrorized people into surrendering. Their fierce ways were so well known that people sometimes surrendered without a fight.
When Genghis Khan died the empire was divided among his four sons. The empire continued to expand (grow). They conquered parts of Europe, the Muslim city of Baghdad and Egypt.
It was the largest empire the world has ever known.
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Genghis Khan’s Accomplishments
1. Brought together Mongol tribes
2. Established Mongol law and codes
3. Created tribal chiefs to plan military campaigns
4. Greatly expanded Mongol empire
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Sons conquered:
▲parts of east and central Europe
▲ SW Asia ▲ Baghdad
▲ Vietnam and N. Korea
▲ Syria, Palestine, Egypt
▲ tried to conquer Japan 2x but failed
It was the largest empire the world has ever known.
They were finally stopped in Egypt by Muslim rulers in 1260
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Mongols united many different territories and people. They eventually brought peace to the lands they ruled. This encouraged trade which brought wealth ($) to the Mongols (taxes).
TRADE = TAXES = WEALTHTRADE = TAXES = WEALTH
New customs and IdeasNew customs and Ideas
Mongols also adopted some of the customs of the people they conquered. Many accepted Islam. They learned about gunpowder from the Chinese and soon began using the fire lance in battle. This made their armies even stronger.
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Mongol rule in ChinaMongol rule in China
In 1260 Kublai Khan became ruler. He moved the capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in N. China.
Kublai Khan ended the Song dynasty and started the Yuan dynastyYuan dynasty in China. He gave Mongols the top govt. but used govt. officials to help run the govt.
Mongols kept separate from the Chinese. They had their own language, laws and customs. Chinese and Mongols did not mix.
Most Mongols were Buddhist but they allowed other religions.
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Mongol rule in China cont…Mongol rule in China cont…
Under Mongol rule China reached the height of it’s power. Many foreigners came to China including Marco Polo who was from Venice, Italy.
Marco Polo stayed in China for about 16 yrs. He was sent by Kublai Khan on business trips and even ruled a Chinese city. When Marco Polo returned to Europe he wrote a book about his travels.
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Mongol rule in China cont…Mongol rule in China cont…
Mongols increased overland trade and seagoing trade. They imported silver, spices, carpets and cotton. And exported tea, silk, porcelain. Ideas and inventions were also exported from China like steel, gunpowder, compass.
Mongols conquered Vietnam and N. Korea. They tried to conquer Japan 2xs but were defeated both times by huge storms.
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?How did Genghis How did Genghis Khan use terror to Khan use terror to
expand the expand the Mongol empire Mongol empire
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?Who was Marco Who was Marco PoloPolo
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?What What inventions/ideas inventions/ideas
were exported from were exported from ChinaChina