MONGOL EMPIRE

MONGOLS

NOMADIC people from Central Asia “STEPPE” – dry grasslands Herders who lived In various clans

MONGOLS BECOME UNITED

Around 1200 – leader united Mongol clans

Name – TEMUJIN He takes the title GENGHIS KHAN Meaning “universal ruler” Ruled for 21 years Conquered Central Asia/China

MONGOLS

*Mongols were skilled HORSEMAN & Fierce WARRIORS

*Campaigns were often accompanied by wholesale massacres of the civilian populations

*1227-Genghis Khan died - He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location

GENGHIS KHAN

REASON FOR SUCCESS: 1. Brilliant Organizer 2. Gifted Strategist 3. Used Cruelty

Genghis Khan: A short history

http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-genghis-khan

http://podtail.com/#!/podcast/stuff-you-missed-in-history-class/did-genghis-khan-really-kill-1-748-000-people/32329/ (45 seconds)

PODCAST:

HISTORY CHANNEL:

TIME WARP TRIO:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDtiIh-PA2w&index=2&list=PLF0azKrwRG9_pCcYvY8iiB9kptZBKGbPY

MONGOLS AFTER GENGHIS KHAN

1227-Genghis Khan dies 3rd son (OGEDEI) succeeds Rules from 1228-1241 Succeeded by oldest son (Guyuk – grandson of Genghis Khan) Rules from 1246 -1248 Next ruler – Mongke (another grandson of Genghis) Rules from 1251-1259

MONGOL KHANATES

After death of Mongke Empire is divided into 4 KHANATES 1. Golden Horde (Russia) 2. Ilkhanate (Persia) 3. Chagatai (Central Asia) 4. Great Khan (China)

Khanate – GOLDEN HORDE

Ruler –Genghis’ Grandson – BATU KHAN

Mongols rule Russia for 200 years Forced Russians to pay tribute Allowed Russian culture to continue Follow all usual CUSTOMS

MONGOLS in RUSSIA

Allowed to keep RELIGIOUS Beliefs{as long as they made no attempts to REBEL}

Isolated Russia from rest of Europe

Ended in 1480 – Ivan III - CZAR

IIKHANATE

Ruler -HULAGU KHAN – Genghis’ Grandson

Ended Golden Age of Islam 1258 -Sack of BAGHDAD Destroyed House of Wisdom &Grand

Library of Baghdad Captured and killed the Abbasid

Caliph Later Mongols would convert to

Islam

KHANATE OF THE GREAT KHAN Ruler –KUBLAI KHAN– Genghis’

grandson {officially ruler of ENTIRE empire}

Establishes YUAN DYNASTY in China Controlled Mongolia, China, Korea Died in 1294; Empire ends in 1368

KUBLAI KHAN

1. 1st time in 300 years China UNITED2.Only time China ruled by a FOREIGNER3. Opens up China to FOREIGN trade4. Did not change CULTURE

*Restored/Extended GRAND CANAL*Helped increase foreign TRADE

PAX MONGOLICA

Period of stability under Mongol rule Controlled Silk Road Connected Eastern world with West Eased Communication & Commerce Allowed Chinese innovations to reach

West

MARCO POLO

Merchant from Venice, Italy Stayed in China for 17 years Travelled throughout China Returned to Italy Described Chinese society Many question if he did go to China

Marco Polo

http://podtail.com/#!/podcast/stuff-you-missed-in-history-class/who-was-marco-polo/32276/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8t_Vzeq5L3g Cornell Notes:

TROUBLE for YUAN DYNASTY

Mongols tried to conquer JAPAN (1274 & 1281):

Invasions failed - Mongols lost up to 75% of their troops and supplies both times on the ocean as a result of major storms Kublai Khan died in 1294 Dynasty ended in 1368 Mongols replaced by MING dynasty

END OF MONGOL RULE

Khanates ended at different times Persians, Russians, Chinese

overthrow Mongol rule Weak rulers after Genghis’

grandsons